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1
Géraud, Marc. "Histoire de la doctrine des hallucinations chez les psychiatres classiques français d'Esquirol à Ey." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23077.
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Varese, Filippo. "Cognitive, metacognitive and dissociative factors underlying psychotic hallucinations and nonclinical hallucination-proneness." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540423.
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Novic, Melissa. "Metacognitions in auditory hallucinations." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11737.
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Introduction: Auditory hallucinations are a commonly experienced phenomenon. Theories have been devised in order to help explain how and why this phenomenon occurs, some attributing its occurrence to stressful life events, other explaining it as originating from misattributed thoughts. This study tested the relation between patients who experience auditory hallucinations and their pattern of metacognitions and thought strategies. Method: 12 participants suffering from auditory hallucinations from different parts of Norway were assessed by following instruments: categories of worry (AnTI), metacognitions (MCQ-30), strategies for thought control (TCQ), beliefs about auditory hallucinations (BAVQ-R) and metacognitions with regard to auditory hallucinations (MCQ-VH). Results: Results revealed that participants scored high on positive and negative meta-beliefs in regard to auditory hallucinations. There was further an association between measure of meta-worry as indicated by AnTI and interpretation of voices as indicated by BAVQ-R Earlier research on coping with voices had proposed that distraction was used by voice hearers who cope poorly. Correlational analyses found no relation between beliefs about malevolence and omnipotence of voices and distraction, although participants used distraction as a thought control strategy in order to cope with their voices. Conclusion: This study indicates that metacognitions might be an important factor in perpetuating auditory hallucinations and the discomfort this experience entails. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Garrison, Jane Rachel. "Reality monitoring and hallucinations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709521.
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Lehaire, Célia. "De l'hallucination à la perception : approche développementale et psychopathologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3079.
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Notre thèse défend l’idée d’une primauté de l’hallucination sur la perception. En effet, nous verrons, chez Freud et chez Lacan, la structure d’illusion d’une réalité fondée sur un temps inaugural qui est celui de l’hallucination. Ceci nous permettra d’envisager les moments de « vacillements de la perception », autrement dit, l’hallucination en dehors du champ de la psychose. Dans un second temps, nous aborderons l’hallucination psychotique à partir des différentes conceptions psychiatriques, de l’apport de Merleau-Ponty, puis de Freud, avant de voir la critique radicale adressée par Lacan à partir du modèle de l’hallucination verbale. Dans un troisième temps, nous verrons l’intérêt d’une approche différentielle de l’hallucination psychotique – , hallucination visuelle, hallucination corporelle – qui permet de questionner l’hypothèse de l’hallucination verbale en tant que phénomène inaugural. A partir de la clinique de la schizophrénie, nous ferons l’hypothèse de la schize en tant que phénomène hallucinatoire premier, à partir duquel émergent les voix, comme tentative d’interprétationOur thesis defends the idea of a primacy of hallucination on perception. Indeed we will study first, in Freud and Lacan, the hallucination structure of a reality based on an inaugural time which is the time of hallucination. This will allow us to view the « perception failings moments », that is to say, the hallucination out of psychosis field.Then, we will tackle psychotic hallucination of different psychiatric conceptions, from Merleau-Ponty to Freud. We will finish with the radical critic, expressed by Lacan, from the model of verbal hallucination. In a third time, we will see the interest of a differential approach of the psychotic hallucination : the verbal, visual and corporal ones. This differential approach allows us to question the verbal hallucination hypothesis as an inaugural phenomenon. From the schizophrenic clinic, we will make the hypothesis that the « schize » is an inaugural hallucinatory phenomenon from which emerge voices as a interpretation attempt
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Locatelli, Roberta. "Relationalism in the face of hallucinations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H213/document.
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Le relationnalisme affirme que le caractère phénoménal de la perception est en partie constitué par les objets que l’on voit. Malgré son attrait intuitif, il est souvent rejeté en vertu de l'argument de l'hallucination. L'objectif de cette thèse est de défendre le relationnalisme. L'argument fait valoir que, puisque le relationnalisme ne peut être vrai pour les hallucinations, il doit forcément être faux pour les perceptions aussi. En cela, l'argument repose sur le principe de l’indiscernabilité (IND), affirmant que deux expériences qui sont introspectivement indiscernables les unes des autres ont le même caractère phénoménal. Je considère et rejette les autres versions de l'argument qui ne reposent pas sur l'IND. Bien que largement accepté, aucun support satisfaisant pour l'IND n'a encore été présenté. Dans cette thèse, je soutiens que la défense de l'IND requiert que l’on entende la notion d’indiscernabilité employée dans l'IND en un sens impersonnel. Ensuite, j’identifie ce qui motive l'IND : l'intuition que, en vertu de sa superficialité, la nature d'un caractère phénoménal doit être accessible par l'introspection, de concert avec l’idée qu’il est impossible de nier l'IND sans nier par là même la superficialité des caractères phénoménaux.Je soutiens que le relationnaliste peut nier l'IND tout en préservant la superficialité des caractères phénoménaux en adoptant une thèse négative de l'hallucination et en reconsidérant la nature de la relation entre le caractère phénoménal d’une expérience et l’accès introspectif qu'il peut y avoirRelationalism claims that the phenomenal character of perception is constituted by the obtaining of a non-representational psychological relation to mind-independent objects. Although relationalism provides what seems to be the most straight forward and intuitive account of how experience strikes us introspectively, it is very often believed that the argument from hallucination shows that the view is untenable. The aim of this thesis is to defend relationalism against the argument from hallucination. The argument claims that the phenomenal character of hallucination and perception deserves the same account, and that relationalism cannot be true for hallucinations, therefore relationalism must be rejected. This argument relies on the Indistinguishability Principle (IND), the claim that two experiences that are introspectively indistinguishable from each other have the same phenomenal character. Before assessing the plausibility of this principle, I first consider and dismiss versions of the argument which wouldn’t depend on IND.Although widely accepted, no satisfactory support for IND has been presented yet. In this thesis I argue that defending IND requires that we understand the notion of ‘indiscriminability’ employed in IND in an impersonal sense. I then identify what underwrites IND: the intuition that, in virtue of its superficiality, the nature of a phenomenal character must be accessible through introspection, together with the claim that it is not possible to deny IND without denying the superficiality of phenomenal characters too.I argue that the relationalist can deny IND while preserving the superficiality of phenomenal characters. This can be done by adopting a negative view of hallucination and an account of introspection whereby the phenomenal character doesn’t exist independently of one’s introspective awareness of it and where having introspective access to our experience depends on our perceptual access to the world
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Ven, Vincent Gordon van de. "Connectivity and auditory verbal hallucinations." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6557.
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Mcguire, Philip Kevin. "Functional neuroimaging of auditory hallucinations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286719.
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Morris, Eric. "Psychological flexibility and auditory hallucinations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-flexibility-and-auditory-hallucinations(866c675d-d57c-4642-bfb2-9d49c7d9b7e4).html.
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The Psychological Flexibility Model describes a process-oriented approach to behaviour change that underpins Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a contextual cognitive behavioural intervention. ACT promotes psychological flexibility, which refers to a person’s ability to connect with the present moment fully as a conscious human being (mindfulness and non-judgemental acceptance), and to change or persist with behaviour that is in line with identified values. For people distressed and/or disabled by auditory hallucinations, it is theorised that this experience is responded to in a psychologically inflexible manner: becoming a target for avoidance, control or focus, appraised as more powerful than the person experiencing the voices, and leading to actions that come at the cost of engaging in chosen life directions. Previous research on coping, cognitive models and mindfulness interventions for voice hearing point to the possibility that promoting active acceptance and changing the relationship with voices may be associated with better outcomes. This thesis investigates the role of psychological flexibility with voice hearing using correlational, single-case and experimental research designs. The first study in this thesis investigated the relationship of psychological flexibility and mindfulness with distress, disability, and behavioural responses to voice hearing, using self-report questionnaires in a sample of 50 distressed voice hearers. The findings suggest that psychological flexibility and non-judgemental acceptance, over and above appraisals of voices and thought control strategies, is related to voice hearers’ levels of general depressive and anxiety symptoms, and behavioural resistance to voices, but not to engagement with voices, voice-related distress or life disruption. The second study reports the findings of a 10-session ACT intervention for eight distressed voice hearers using multi-baseline single case design, assessing whether outcome changes following ACT are concomitant with increasing psychological flexibility. Following ACT there were group-level improvements in depressive symptoms, quality of life and social functioning, with changes in psychological flexibility (non-judgemental acceptance, independent action from voices). The third study involved 110 non-clinical participants experiencing simulated auditory hallucinations in an experimental analogue, and investigated differences in response following training in a regulation strategy (acceptance, reappraisal or suppression). This study did not show any significant differences between groups; the potential explanations for this lack of expected difference include the features of simulated voices, sample characteristics, and participants’ degree of adherence to the coping strategy. The findings of these studies are considered within the broader context of emotional wellbeing with voice hearing, functional approaches to understanding responding to voices, and potential implications for clinical and research directions.
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Gimenez, Guy. "Les hallucinations psychotiques : représentations présymboliques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10069.
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La these est fondee sur une pratique clinique aupres de patients psychotiques hallucines. Elle explore les phenomenes hallucinatoires observes dans le cadre de therapies qui se deroulent en institution psychiatrique. Le point est d'abord fait sur les recherches actuelles en psychopathologie sur l'hallucination, essentiellement dans le domaine psychiatrique et psychanalytique. Trois hypotheses sont ensuite exposees, et un expose critique de la methode est fait : du point de vue de l'interaction, de la notation du materiel clinique, de l'analyse et de la mise a l'epreuve des hypotheses. 1e) la premiere hypothese concerne trois fonctions economiques de l'hallucination : la decharge, la mise en depot et d'agrippement 2e) l'hypothese 2, d'un point de vue processuel et topique, a trait au mecanisme de rejet, puis de construction comme mise en representation presymbolique 3e) l'hypothese 3, d'un point de vue developpemental et evolutif, etudie l'evolution de l'hallucination en fonction de la dynamique du transfert : "de la presentification a la representation symbolisee".
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Hamdy, Ronald C., Amber Kinser, Tracey Kendall-Wilson, Audrey Depelteau, Rebecca Copeland, Kathleen Whalen, and J. Culp. "Visual Hallucinations and Paranoid Delusions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2736.
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Visual well-formed hallucinations, fluctuations in the level of cognition, and alertness and extrapyramidal signs are core features of dementia with Lewy bodies. Some patients realize that what they are seeing or hearing are just hallucinations and learn to accept them. Others, however experience these hallucinations as quite real and cannot be dissuaded from the firm belief that they are. In fact, efforts to dissuade them often serve only to confirm the often associated paranoid delusions and this may lead to a catastrophic ending. Hence, it is best not to contradict the patient. Instead, attempts should be made to distract the patient and change the focus of her or his attention. In this case scenario, we present a 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies. He lives with his daughter. He has visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions that worsen at night: He thinks there are people outside the house plotting to kill him. We discuss what went wrong in the patient/caregiver interaction and how the catastrophic ending could have been avoided or averted.
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Kramer, Sarah. "Language and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349434/.
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Historically, and more recently, language has been considered as a key feature in the description of schizophrenia. However, there is widespread dissatisfaction with currently available descriptions. In this study, a linguistic model is used to develop objective and comprehensive measures of the language of twelve individuals with schizophrenia as compared with twelve individuals without mental illness. The measures are shown to have high intra- and inter-rater reliability. Moreover, they are suitable for clinical practice due to the limited training required for their use, and the ease of administration of these measures. In the literature on schizophrenia, it is proposed that language and auditory hallucinations may be related. Within the study, rhis relationship is investigated, with a finding of a number of correlations between measures of language as developed earlier in the study and aspects of study participants' hallucinatory experiences. Possible cognitive explanations for the findings are discussed. Due to the significance of the linguistic difficulties and hallucinations for persons with schizophrenia, the linguistic measures developed earlier in the study are used as a basis for a therapy programme. Therapy is described for two of the study participants. The participants are shown to benefit from therapy as demonstrated in their improvement on the linguistic measures at the end of the therapy programme and in the comments by participants themselves as well as staff working with them. Participants retained some of the benefits at reassessment six weeks post therapy. It is proposed that the measures developed in the study provide the basis for the description of spontaneous discourse samples of persons with schizophrenia and possibly related disorders. It is also suggested that these measures are potentially useful as a basis for hypothesis-driven therapy for the linguistic difficulties described in persons with schizophrenia.
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Grebot, Élisabeth. "Le rôle du style cognitif dans la suggestibilité hypnotique : l'influence des capacités d'imagerie et d'absorption sur les réponses à trois suggestions d'hallucination positive." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100083.
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Ce travail doctoral est consacré à l'étude des relations entre certaines sous-capacités d'imagerie et certaines dimensions de la suggestibilité hypnotique. Dans le champ de l'imagerie, nous avons validé le questionnaire de style cognitif de Paivio (individual differences questionnaire), le questionnaire de contrôle et de vivacité de l'image de Switras (survey of mental imagery) et un questionnaire expérimental d'imagerie soutenue. Le contrôle, la vivacité et l'imagerie soutenue sont évalués dans quatre modalités : visuelle, auditive, somesthesique et kinesthésique. Lors d'une session individuelle, nous avons administré a 81 sujets trois suggestions d'hallucination selon un ordre randomisé : une suggestion d'hallucination visuelle, une suggestion d'hallucination musicale et une suggestion d'hallucination somesthesique. Trois dimensions de la suggestion sont estimées : la suggestibilité idéationnelle, la suggestibilité motrice et la suggestibilité subjective involontaire. Pour chaque suggestion, la perte de contrôle idéationnel joue un rôle moteur dans la production d'une réponse motrice involontaire aux suggestions c'est-à-dire dans la perte de contrôle moteur. Cette relation confirme la théorie néo-dissociative de la suggestibilité hypnotique et infirme la théorie idéomotrice. Entre l'imagerie et la suggestibilité, nos résultats montrent deux relations modales : premièrement, entre la vivacité et la suggestibilité idéationnelle et deuxièmement, entre la capacité d'imagerie soutenue et la suggestibilité involontaire subjective. La conception analytique de l'imagerie est confirmée puisque la vivacité et l'imagerie soutenue entretiennent des relations différentes avec les trois dimensions de la suggestibilité. De plus, la différenciation des sous-capacités d'imagerie comme la vivacité et l'imagerie soutenue semble être susceptible d'expliquer les résultats contradictoires obtenus dans la plupart des recherchesThis doctoral work studies relations between some sub-capacities of imagery and some dimensions of hypnotic suggestibility. In the domain of imagery, we have validated the inventory of cognitive style of Paivio (individual differences questionnaire), the questionnaire of controllability and vividness of Switras (survey of mental imagery. ) And an experimental questionnaire of sustained imagery capacity. The controllability, the vividness and the sustained imagery capacity were evaluated in four modalities : visual, auditory, somesthetic and kinesthesic. In an individual session, we have administered three hallucination suggestions with a randomized order to 81 subjects : a visual hallucination suggestion, an auditory hallucination suggestion and a somesthetic hallucination suggestion. Three dimensions of suggestibility are estimated : the ideational suggestibility, the motor suggestibility and the subjective involuntary suggestibility. For each suggestion, the loss of ideational control plays a motor role in the production of involuntary response to suggestions e. G. In the loss of motor control. This relation confirms the neo-dissociative theory of hypnotic suggestibility but infirms the ideomotrice theory. Between imagery and suggestibility, our results demonstrate two modal relations : first, between vividness and ideational suggestibility and second, between sustained imagery and subjective suggestibility. The analytic conception of mental imagery is confirmed because the vividness and the sustained imagery maintain distinct relations with the three dimensions of suggestibility. In addition, the differenciation of sub-capacities of imagery like vividness and sustained imagery may explain the contrasted results obtained between imagery and "hypnotic susceptibility" by most researchers
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Harrington, Scott Winslow. "Measuring hallucinations in the chronic mentally ill." Scholarly Commons, 2003. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2679.
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Hallucinations are one of the defining criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but extremely difficult to measure. This is simply because hallucinations are private events and the community does not have access to information within the skin. There are several measures of hallucinations, but most are cumbersome, expensive, and have questionable psychometric properties. This investigation attempted to look at the relationship between a clients' self-report of a hallucination and observable indicators of hallucinations. Participants in the study were chronically mentally ill individuals taking medication, but suffering from hallucinations. This study advanced a previous thesis on the same topic by revising the self-report tool, operationally defining hallucinatory behavior with a well-established instrument, and collecting reliability data. It was hypothesized that there would be a correlation between a client's self-report of hallucinations and observable indicators reported by staff (e.g., client talking to self or laughing while alone outside). The staff at a residential treatment center for the chronic mentally ill collected data on client hallucinatory behavior and correlated it with a revised self-report measure of hallucinations. The data indicated there is no relationship between a client's self-report of hallucinations and the staff report. The data did show however, that the staff reported more symptomology than the clients reported during the same time period.
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Whitehead, Daisy. "Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease : a psychological model." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415741.
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Hamdy, R. C., Amber E. Kinser, J. V. Lewis, and Rebecca Copeland. "Hallucinations Are Real to Patients With Dementia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1232.
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In this case study, we present a patient with preexistent posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosis who has been recently diagnosed with Dementia with Lewy Bodies. He is experiencing vivid hallucinations. What went wrong between him and his wife as a result of these hallucinations is presented. Alternative actions that could have been used are suggested.
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Fielding, Smith Sarah. "An ecological examination of proximal psychological mechanisms related to the experience of, and therapy for, distressing voices." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72326/.
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Voice hearing (or auditory verbal hallucinations) is a commonly reported experience across a range of psychiatric diagnoses, and is often associated with high levels of distress and disruption to everyday functioning. Many people troubled by voices see little benefit from antipsychotic medication, prompting attempts to understand and target psychological mechanisms underlying both the emergence of voices and associated distress. Research to date has typically adopted a cross-sectional approach, identifying factors associated with the tendency to hear distressing voices. However, less is known about the ‘proximal' mechanisms associated with fluctuations in voices and distress during the daily lives of voice hearers. Psychological therapies for distressing voices have demonstrated limited success in reducing voice-related distress, and it is suggested that a better understanding of the proximal mechanisms underlying voices may facilitate advancements in these interventions. The studies within this thesis utilise the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach that allows the intensive, ‘micro-longitudinal' sampling of voice hearing experiences in the natural contexts in which they are experienced. First, ESM is used to investigate the antecedent and modulating roles of stress and dissociative experiences in voice hearing (N=31). Next, the role of behavioural responses and voice appraisals in the maintenance of voice-related distress during daily life are explored (N=31). Then, a data-based illustration of the potential of ESM for delineating key psychological mechanisms underlying gains in psychological interventions for distressing voices is provided (N=2). Finally, factors associated with stress-induced depersonalisation as a proximal mechanism for voice hearing are explored (N=29). Current findings support the role of depersonalisation as a mediator in the observed relationship between daily life stress and increases in voice intensity. Findings additionally support a role for negative voice appraisals in the experience of momentary voice distress, and a role of behavioural responses in maintaining both distress and voice appraisals over time. Preliminary evidence was obtained for a range of processes involving changes in voice appraisals and emotional reactivity potentially underlying therapeutic gains during cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. These findings encourage a greater focus of interventions on targeting mechanisms associated with daily life voice hearing and associated distress, including stress-induced depersonalisation, negative voice appraisals, and maladaptive behavioural responses to voices. They also suggest a parallel use for ESM as a means of enhancing treatment efficacy within the context of psychological interventions.
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Kasper, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth). "Predictors of Compliance and Aggressive Behavior in the Presence of Command Hallucinations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279385/.
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The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change Version (SADS-C), the Social Adjustment Scale-Patient Version II (SAS-PATII) and the Command Hallucination Questionnaire (CAQ) were administered to 86 psychotic inpatients to investigate the relationship between command hallucinations, aggressive behavior, and compliance. Two SADS-C items ("severity of hallucinations" and "depersonalization") were useful as indicators of command hallucinations. Ninety-two percent had complied with their command at least once in the past month. Three SADS-C variables related to compliance with command hallucinations were identified: middle insomnia, the belief that the voice was acting in your best interest, and overt irritability. The patients' level of distortion of reality did not appear to influence compliance rates. Results also indicated that patients who experience command hallucinations were not significantly more or less dangerous than other psychotic inpatients.
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Harris, Abi. "Responsibility interpretations and safety behaviours in command hallucinations." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604286.
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Knowledge about psychological processes in anxiety disorders has contributed to understanding psychosis. Previous research has shown that safety behaviours and heightened responsibility beliefs are prevalent in people experiencing psychosis. Safety behaviours have been investigated in relation to a range of symptoms of psychosis, but not specifically in relation to command hallucinations. The study aimed to investigate responsibility interpretations and safety behaviours in people experiencing command and non-command auditory hallucinations. The study employed a cross-sectional design with two clinical groups: people experiencing command hallucinations (n = 18) and people experiencing non-command auditory hallucinations (n = 30). Both groups were drawn from a clinical population of people experiencing an acute psychotic episode. Use of safety behaviours and frequency of high responsibility interpretations of the voice-hearing experience were measured using a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire, respectively. Other variables were also measured using questionnaires, including beliefs about voices, anxiety, depression, severity of auditory hallucinations and OCD symptoms. It was found that people experiencing command hallucinations used safety behaviours to a greater extent and made high responsibility interpretations of their voice-hearing experience more frequently than people experiencing non-command hallucinations. The frequency of high responsibility interpretations was positively correlated with the use of safety behaviours across both groups. The relationship between command hallucinations and the use of safety behaviours was found to be independent of anxiety and beliefs about voice malevolence and omnipotence.
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Pickering, Laura R. "The role of attachment in paranoia and hallucinations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497152.
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Attachment relationships are considered to have a fundamental role in interpersonal relationships and psychological functioning and well-being. Indeed, insecure attachment has been implicated in the vulnerability to psychopathology in later life (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). This thesis examines the role of attachment in psychosis. The aim of the research was to investigate the role of attachment in proneness to paranoia and hallucinations in a student population. Section one examines relevant empirical and theoretical research in this area. There was a distinct lack of research conducted in this area to date, which prompted the focus of the research. The second section of the thesis consists of a quantitative study of attachment insecurity and proneness to paranoia and hallucinations. A student sample was recruited, with a total of 503 participants taking part. Participants were recruited via email and invited to complete a number of self-report questionnaires over the internet. The questionnaires consisted of measures of paranoia, hallucinations, depression, self-esteem and other measures of psychological factors already implicated in paranoia. The data was analysed using correlational analysis, hierarchical regression analysis and mediator analysis. Findings were consistent with the hypotheses demonstrating that insecure attachment was predicted by paranoia and not hallucinations. Furthermore, the results found that current predictors of paranoia mediated the relationship between attachment insecurities and paranoia. Section three consists of a critical review of the research, including reflection on the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the research, the recruitment process, the emerging findings and the general research process.
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Westacott, Mark Conway. "An investigation of psychological factors underlying auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296872.
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Haddock, Gillian. "Auditory hallucinations : cognitive processes, phenomenology and psychological treatment." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240522.
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Shergill, Sukhwinder Singh. "Studies of auditory hallucinations using functional magnetic resonance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-of-auditory-hallucinations-using-functional-magnetic-resonance(50e75d39-a466-4032-bedd-9f5ed74d254b).html.
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Ashourian, Paymon. "Behavioral impulsivity and hallucinations : insights from Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68418.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, September 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2011."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-156).
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Neurologists and neuroscientists now understand that several symptoms of the disease, including hallucinations and impulse control behaviors, stem from the dopaminergic medications used to control the motor aspects of PD. Not all patients experience these nonmotor symptoms and tools that can predict a priori which patients are likely to have an adverse response to medication do not exist. This thesis begins to fill this gap by elucidating the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of dopaminergic medications. Converging evidence from animals and humans shows that individual differences in particular genes that affect the dopamine system may alter the response of PD patients to dopaminergic medication. We examined the hypothesis that patients taking dopamine replacement therapy who carry candidate alleles that increase dopamine signaling experience a dopamine overdose, causing unwanted psychiatric symptoms.
by Paymon Ashourian.
Ph.D.
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Deschamps, Éric. "Hallucinations du sujet age : approche clinique et pathogenique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN11183.
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Novy, Daniel E. (Daniel Edward). "Programmable synthetic hallucinations : towards a boundless mixed reality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123629.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2019." Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-122).
Programmable Synthetic Hallucinations describe the utilization of the bio-physiological mechanics of hallucination generated in the human brain to display virtual information directly in the visual field. Science fiction films, television shows, and video games have trained audiences to think of holograms as luminous volumetric images that float registered in the viewer's 3D space and require no special glasses or optics to see or interact with them. The ability of users to interact with a floating aerial lightfield without the use of face-worn binocular optics is a difficult challenge and one in which a hallucinatory experience offers a solution. While we do not have the ability to activate individual neurons to recreate an neuro-electrical pattern indiscernible from the perception of reality, this dissertation shows that creating phosphenes within the visual field via the magnetic stimulation of neurons in the visual cortex is a viable first step.
By electrically stimulating the cells in the hypercolumns of V1, one can induce the perception of a pixel of light within the visual field of a user. These magnetophosphenes are visual perceptions described as luminous shapes, which can be created by time-varying magnetic fields. These change the membrane potential and trigger an action potential directly in neurons of the visual cortex. Previous TMS studies have shown evocation of phosphenes in a binary manner, with subjects reporting the presence or absence of a phosphene but not targeted to a specific location. However, to date, no information or example has been found indicating the use of cortical phosphenes, induced magnetically or otherwise, in performance or public display. Presently, commercial transcranial magnetic stimulators can only be focused to an area approaching one square centimeter, a single output channel, and require manual placement of the coil apparatus.
Novel coil designs became a central focus of this research. Further work increased the number of output channels, embedding them in a wearable apparatus with a multichannel array of induction coils. Clinical trials were undertaken at MIT's Clinical Research Center. We were able to evoke visual phenomena in 11 out of 16 test subjects in a known, targeted location. The induced magnetophosphenes were noted above the noise floor of naturally occurring retinal phosphenes and were statistically verified to be a result of the system being tested.
by Daniel Edward Novy.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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Trayman, Sara. "The experience of therapists working with clients who hear voices : an interpretative phenomenological study." Thesis, Regent's University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646049.
Full textAbstract:
My research question arose from my first therapeutic experience with a client who hears voices. I felt unprepared and uncertain about how to work with her. I wondered how other therapists experienced working with clients who hear voices. These are voices heard with no physical origin, experienced as real and which psychiatry typically describes as hallucinations. This research provides an empirical account of the individual lived experiences of seven therapists undertaking such work using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. These seven participants were recruited using snowballing emails and included four counsellors, a psychotherapist, a nurse therapist and a counselling psychologist working in various settings. The literature points to which therapeutic approaches are most useful and identifies an important role for Counselling Psychology. There is no research which explores the experience of therapists working with clients who hear voices or what it is like for them to work with such clients. The main body of the research literature focuses on what it means for people to hear voices and how therapists can help them cope. I was interested in the impact this has on the therapist and the therapeutic relationship and what the unique aspects of this work might be. The analysis gave rise to six superordinate themes which were; 'Questioning their competence', 'Relational experience of the work', 'Struggles and difficulties', 'Sense of reality and the unknown', 'Surviving and coping' and Characteristics of client and voices'. These themes are explored in the findings section and discussed in relationship to the extant literature. In gaining this phenomenological perspective this research offers an insight into some of the difficulties of work with this client group. These insights propose a useful contribution towards continuing professional development training courses, initial training programmes, guidelines for supervision and understanding of the impact on therapeutic practice.
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Pearson, Stuart. "The voice-behaviour link in command hallucinations in psychosis." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604546.
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Research into command hallucinations (CH) in psychosis has identified factors which influence behavioural responses to commands. Certain areas have not been explored, such as potential differences in individuals' experiences of CH between times of compliance and resistance. Additional research has explored cognitive processes, such as responsibility beliefs and Thought-Action Fusion, in psychosis. Such processes may be of relevance to the experience of CH, yet this has not been explored empirically. The present study aimed to address these gaps through an exploration of individuals' experiences of CH and potentially related cognitive processes. Seven individuals were included in the analysis and the data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five super-ordinate themes emerged which represented aspects of participants' experiences of CH: A struggle for control; Appraising voices and commands; Deciding how to respond; Beliefs about thoughts, voices and actions; Understanding voices in relation to self. The study suggests factors which may differ between individuals' experiences of CH at times of resistance and compliance, and suggests other factors which may influence behavioural responses to commands. Further exploration of responsibility beliefs and Thought-Action Fusion in relation to experience of CH is required. The results have implications for clinical practice when working with individuals who experience CH. Further research is needed to validate the present findings and to investigate whether they can be generalised to other individuals who experience CH.
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Abbas, Zarina. "Responsibility beliefs and thought-action fusion in command hallucinations." Thesis, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583272.
Full textAbstract:
Beliefs about voices have been shown to be more important than voice content in determining an individual's emotional and behavioural responses to command hallucinations (CH). Inflated responsibility beliefs (IRB) and thought-aCtion fusion (TAF), originally implicated in QCD, have been found in psychosis. The current study examined whether IRB and TAF are relevant in CH, and whether there is a relationship between the two constructs in voice hearers. 18 people with CH, 17 with non-CH, and 23 non-clinical controls (NCC) completed measures of IRB, TAF, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression and anxiety. People with CH were also interviewed about their responsibility beliefs for compliance with voices, using the pie chart technique commonly used in anxiety disorder treatments. For the auditory hallucination (AH) group, a significant positive relationship was found between IRB and both TAF-Moral and TAF-Likelihood, however only TAF-Moral remained significant after controlling for potential confounds. In terms of differences in IRB, the AH group scored significantly higher than NCC. The CH group had significantly higher IRB than non-CH and NCC on both measures of IRB. The non-CH group scored Significantly higher than NCC on one measure of IRB only. In terms of TAF, the AH group scored significantly higher than NCC across all TAF subscales. The CH group had a significantly higher TAF bias than NCC on all TAF subscales, and scored Significantly higher than non-CH on T AF-Moral, but not TAF-Likelihood beliefs. The non-CH group had a significantly higher TAF bias than NCC for TAF- Likelihood domains, but not TAF-Moral. The results suggested IRB and TAF are relevant in command hallucinations, which are not simply accounted for by the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further research into the role of IRB and TAF in compliance with commands is needed, as well as research into more targeted assessment and treatment approaches for command hallucinations. 3
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Rogers, Paul. "Command hallucinations and violence : risk and factors influencing compliance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/command-hallucinations-and-violence--risk-and-factors-influencing-compliance(8c6cf48e-a3f7-4fb9-b8c5-2fb5e09bd39f).html.
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Graham, Jacqueline Marie. "The hallucinations experienced by patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392462.
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Watkins, Victoria. "Auditory hallucinations : beliefs about voices and perceptions of threat." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31198.
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Objectives: There were two aims of the present study. The first aim was to explore the relationship between participants' belief about the malevolent and benevolent intentions of their hallucinatory voice and the relationship to beliefs about threat. This aim was intended to examine the relationship between two cognitive models of auditory hallucinations presented by Chadwick and Birchwood (1994) and Morrison (1998). These models both implicated beliefs about voices and misinterpretations as a central feature in individuals' responses to their voices. The second aim was to further investigate Morrison's (1998) model, which proposed a relationship between beliefs about threat and the use of safety behaviours.;Design: The study was a correlational design, prompted by the exploratory nature of the study. The following measures were used: 'Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire-Revised' (BAVQ-R; Chadwick, Lees and Birchwood, 2000); Semi-structured safety behaviour interview (Morrison & Nothard, in press) - adapted for the study; an adapted emotional Stroop test and a visual analogue scale were both used to assess for threat.;Results: Strong relationships were found between threat and malevolence and threat and benevolence, which suggested that as ratings of threat increased then malevolence scores increased and benevolence scores decreased. A strong relationship was found between threat and frequency of safety behaviour use, indicating that as threat increased then frequency decreased. Finally, a strong relationship was found between threat and ratings of distress if the safety behaviour could not be used, which suggested that as threat then distress also increased.;Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the two cognitive models had identified related beliefs in malevolence and threat and these relationships were worthy of further exploration, perhaps with a view to integrating the two models. The relationship between threat and safety behaviours was partially supported, but it is recommended that the function of the safety behaviour be explored in relation to threat, to define behaviours which serve to avoid the threat from those that help to challenge the threat.
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Mills, Joanna Mann Zhuang. "Developing better tools to detect hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13377.
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This thesis focuses on the development of two patient-centred tools in Parkinson’s disease (PD), one especially for the early detection of hallucinations and psychosis. A cross-sectional study examined the relative importance of five issues regarding PD management for people living in Australia using a self-administered survey. Survey results showed that people with PD value research more highly than other direct forms of healthcare provision including access to PD nurses, multidisciplinary facilities with allied health professionals, subsidised treatments, and better general practitioner education. In a cohort study, PD patients (n = 197) and their caregivers (n = 163) were involved in validation procedures for the novel self-completed Psychosis and Hallucinations Questionnaire (PsycH-Q). PsycH-Q was found to have concurrent and convergent validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability when analogous items were compared with three other common questionnaire measures for assessing the presence of PD hallucinations. Patients indicated the highest prevalence of positive symptoms compared to the estimates of either their caregivers or clinicians, suggesting that the sole use of clinician-rated scales may underestimate the prevalence of PD hallucinations. In light of these findings, strategies for enhancing detection of hallucinations in PD should include self- and caregiver-report tools centred on the patient’s perspective.
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Vaughan, Samantha. "Exploring the relationships between the voices that people hear and the voice-hearer : investigating the usefulness of a new measure of relating." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327209.
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Caesar, Nilsson Lina, and Birkeland Nicklas Hag. "Att leva med schizofreni : En narrativ studie baserad på självbiografier." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16847.
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Paul, Sonja Nichole. "Interpretations of auditory hallucinations in psychotic and Christian comparison groups." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427587.
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Aschebrock, Yasmin. "Different Realities: Challenging Conventional Ways of Conceptualising Delusions and Hallucinations." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/916.
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Delusions and hallucinations are typically regarded in contemporary Western societies as signs of serious mental illness - that is, as essentially meaningless surface expressions of a biological process, that are almost invariably distressing and harmful to those experiencing them. However, these conventional ways of conceptualizing delusions and hallucinations are increasingly being contested (by critical psychologists and by some of those who experience these kinds of phenomena). As part of this trend, this thesis highlights the need to move beyond traditional ways of construing delusions and hallucinations and to open up new ways of thinking about them. In Part One, I present analyses from an international survey of 58 mental health practitioners and researchers, which I conducted to investigate their understandings of delusional and hallucinatory content. I explore their views concerning the importance of attending to the content of delusions and hallucinations, and a possible relation between gender and the content of these phenomena. In Part Two, I present analyses of interviews with 11 women who have experienced delusions and hallucinations. I explore the linguistic resources available to those who experience delusions and hallucinations for talking about these kinds of phenomena, and the ways in which they may attempt to make sense of such experiences. I illustrate some of the challenges to traditional ways of conceptualising delusions and hallucinations by drawing upon the accounts of five of the women I interviewed. I aim, in this thesis, to question and disrupt conventional understandings of delusions and hallucinations and to increase the availability of some alternative (marginalised) ways of construing them. I emphasise the need to consider (and critically examine) the potential practical and moral implications of various ways of conceptualising delusions and hallucinations.
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Peloian, John H. "Voices Subjective| Understanding the Experience of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604015.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout history, experiencing auditory hallucinations has been described as highly complex and personal. Although early research was conducted in attempts to understand the process and phenomenology of auditory hallucinations, in more recent years the ontological understanding of auditory hallucinations has evolved into inconclusive neural explanations, cognitive models of pathology and psychopharmacological treatments. Despite their importance, these avenues of inquiry attempt to ameliorate auditory hallucinations as a symptom rather than understand the experience for the hearer. In order to re-visit the experiential importance, this qualitative and phenomenological dissertation explored a deeper understanding of the lived experience of auditory hallucinations in the schizophrenic individual using a psychoanalytic (i.e. Lacanian) framework.
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Yao, Nailin, and 姚乃琳. "Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease : a multi-modal MRI investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196477.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Visual hallucinations (VH) are an important non-motor complication of Parkinson’s disease (PD) which carries a negative prognosis, but their biological basis is unclear. Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate structural and functional brain mechanisms underpinning VH in PD.
Methods
To assess cerebral microstructure and resting functional activities in patients with idiopathic PD and VH, I compared PD patients with VH (PDVH) and PD patients without VH (PDnonVH), while healthy controls (HC) were also recruited for comparison. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to calculate mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Structural MRI was used to calculate voxel-based intensity of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) across the entire brain and compared among groups. Furthermore, functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, acquired during rest, was processed to calculate the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to inform a model of VH.
In addition, hippocampal volume, shape, mean diffusivity and FC across the whole brain was further examined. Hippocampal dependent visual spatial memory performance was compared between groups, and predicted correlations with hippocampal microstructural indices and VH severity were tested.
Results
In the first study, PDVH had lower FA than both PDnonVH and HC in the right occipital lobe and left parietal lobe, but increased FA in the right infero-medial fronto-occipital fasciculus and posterior inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Moreover, PDVH patients showed less GM volume compared to PDnonVH in the right lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe.
In the second study, PDVH patients compared to non-hallucinators showed lower ALFF in occipital lobes, with greater ALFF in temporo-parietal region, limbic lobe and right cerebellum. The PDVH group also showed alteration in functional connectivity between occipital region and corticostriatal regions.
Finally in the third study, although there were no gross hippocampal volume and shape differences across groups, individuals with PDVH had higher diffusivity in hippocampus than PDnonVH and HC. Both PD groups had significantly poorer visuospatial memory compared to HC. Poorer visuospatial memory was correlated with higher hippocampal diffusivity in HC and more severe VH in the PDVH group.FC between hippocampus and primary visual cortex, dorsal/ventral visual pathways was also lower in PDVH than other groups, whereas FC between hippocampus and default mode network regions was greater in PDVH group compared to others.
Conclusion
Compared to PDnonVH groups, the PDVH group had multiple structural deficits in primary and associative visual cortices. In term of hemodynamic activity, the PDVH group had lower ALFF in occipital lobe, but greater ALFF in regions that comprise the dorsal visual pathway. Moreover, this lower ALFF in the primary visual cortex was accompanied by lower functional connectivity across components of the ventral/dorsal visual pathway in the PDVH group compared to the PDnonVH group.
Moreover, evidence supporting a specific role for the hippocampus in PDVH was obtained. In the absence of gross macrostructural anomalies, hippocampal microstructure and functional connectivity was compromised in PDVH. I observed an association between visuospatial memory and hippocampal integrity and suggest that hippocampal pathology and consequent disruption in visuospatial memory plays a key contribution to VH in PD. Thus, in the PDVH group, "bottom-up" primary visual cortex and “top-down” visual association pathways and attentional networks appear to be disrupted.published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Ackland, Jill Anne. "Justifying voices : the discursive basis of attributions in auditory hallucinations." Thesis, University of East London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307481.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes, within a Discourse Analytic Framework, how a small group of individuals who hear voices, explain and account for their experiences. An analysis of the explanations they gave during individual interviews with a psychologist, illustrate the varied and functional nature of their accounts, within the context of the interviews themselves and the wider social context. The study identified a number of discourses from which the participants commonly drew their accounts, and illustrated how various themes from these were combined, in an attempt to justify their experience of hearing voices. The participants' constructions of the voices as "real" were complex; their accounts do not support the "cognitive" model which emphasizes the role of "abnormal beliefs" and "expectations", regarding the "internal" and "external" nature of experience. Individuals' attributions were understood within the context of their identity as users of psychiatric services and the predominance of the "mental illness"/"madness" discourses.
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Fletcher, C. "Taxometric analysis of hallucinations : are hallucinatory experiences dimensional or taxonic?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3027131/.
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Cochen-de, Cock Valérie. "Mécanismes des états dissociés du sommeil paradoxal : comportements oniriques, hallucinations." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066319.
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La dissociation du sommeil paradoxal peut induire hallucinations et comportements oniriques. Les troubles de la pensée au cours du syndrome de Guillain et Barré ne sont pas propre aux conditions réanimatoires mais liés à une atteinte du système nerveux central. Ils correspondent à des rêves éveillés secondaires à une dissociation majeure du sommeil, par atteinte auto-immune réversible de l’hypothalamus, associant dysautonomie et diminution de la transmission hypocrétinergique-1. La plupart des patients présentant un syndrome parkinsonien de la Guadeloupe, une tauopathie, ont des comportements oniriques. La localisation des lésions plus que leur nature (alpha-synucléine versus protéine tau) conditionnerait la survenue de comportements oniriques. Les patients parkinsoniens ne sont plus akinétiques pendant leurs comportements oniriques. Cette restauration du contrôle moteur suggère un rétablissement transitoire « levodopa-like » de la boucle des ganglions de la base pendant le sommeil paradoxal. Le syndrome parkinsonien pourrait aussi disparaître par un débrayage entre les systèmes pyramidal et extra pyramidal en sommeil paradoxal.
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Proctor, Julie. "Auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1377.
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This exploratory study examined the predictive relationship among the dimensions of auditory hallucinations and the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia. Forty seven out-patients from the Inner City Community Mental Health Service participated, all of whom had a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia and reported experiencing auditory hallucinations. The measures included the Calgary Rating Scale fur Schizophrenia, the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, the Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire and three questions relating to insight into auditory hallucinations from the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Edition. Consistent with other reports, the present study found a prevalence of depressive symptoms in over 40% of the sample. All of the dimensions of auditory hallucinations together accounted for 42% of the variance in depression scores but there was no salient individual dimension that could account for a significant proportion of the variance. It was concluded that other factors, not just auditory hallucinations, are likely to have a role in determining the presence of depression in chronic schizophrenia.
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Suryani. "Chaotic soul - messy heart : the phenomenon of experiencing auditory hallucinations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61003/1/Suryani_Thesis.pdf.
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Globally, it is estimated that 24 million people live with schizophrenia (WHO, 2008), while 1.2 million people have been diagnosed with schizophrenia in Indonesia. Auditory hallucinations are a key symptom of schizophrenia according to the DSM IV-TR (Frances, First, & Pincus, 2002). It is estimated that the prevalence of auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia range from 64.3% to 83.4% (Thomas et al., 2007). Until recently, the majority of studies were conducted in Western societies the primary focus of which, has been on the causes and treatments of auditory hallucinations (Walton, 1999) and on the biological and cognitive aspects of the phenomenon (Changas, Garcia-Montes, de Lemus & Olivencia, 2003). While a few studies have explored the lived experience of people with schizophrenia, there is little research about the experience of auditory hallucinations. Therefore, the focus of this study was on an exploration of the experience of auditory hallucinations as described by Indonesian people living with schizophrenia. Based on the available literature, there have been no published qualitative studies relating to the lived experience of auditory hallucinations as described by Indonesian people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Husserlian descriptive phenomenological approach was applied in explicating the phenomenon of auditory hallucinations in this study. In-depth audio-taped interviews were conducted with 13 participants. Analysis of participant transcripts was undertaken using Colaizzi.s (1973) approach. Eight major themes were explicated: Feeling more like a robot than a human being - feeling compelled to respond to auditory hallucinations; voices of contradiction - a point of confusion; a frightening experience, the voices emerged at times of loss and grief; disruption to daily living; tattered relationships and family disarray; finding a personal path to living with auditory hallucinations; seeking relief in Allah through prayer and ritual.
Experiencing auditory hallucinations for people diagnosed with schizophrenia is a journey of challenges as each individual struggles to understand their now changed life-world, reconstruct a sense of meaning within their illness experience, and to carve out a pathway to wellness. The challenge for practitioners is to learn from those who have experienced auditory hallucinations, to be with them in their journey of recovery and wellness, and to apply a person-centered approach to care within the context of a multidisciplinary team.
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Fovet, Thomas. "Détection automatisée des hallucinations auditives en IRM fonctionnelle et perspectives thérapeutiques dans la schizophrénie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S036/document.
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L’hallucination est une expérience subjective vécue en pleine conscience consistant en une perception impossible à distinguer d’une perception réelle, mais survenant en l’absence de tout stimulus en provenance de l’environnement externe. Les symptômes hallucinatoires, qui peuvent concerner toutes les modalités sensorielles, sont retrouvés dans divers troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques mais également chez certains sujets indemnes de toute pathologie. Dans le champ de la psychiatrie, la pathologie la plus fréquemment associée aux hallucinations reste la schizophrénie et la modalité auditive est la plus représentée, puisque 60 à 80% des patients souffrant de ce trouble sont concernés. Le retentissement fonctionnel des hallucinations auditives peut être important, altérant significativement la qualité de vie des patients.Dans ce contexte, la prise en charge de ce type de symptômes s’avère un enjeu considérable pour les personnes souffrant de schizophrénie. Pourtant, les moyens thérapeutiques actuellement disponibles (traitements médicamenteux antipsychotiques notamment) ne permettent pas toujours une rémission complète de la symptomatologie hallucinatoire et l’on considère que 25 à 30% des hallucinations auditives sont « pharmaco-résistantes ». C’est à partir de ce constat que, ces dernières années, ont émergé, pour le traitement des hallucinations auditives, des techniques de neuromodulation comme la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée ou la stimulation électrique transcrânienne par courant continu. Toutefois, les résultats de ces nouvelles thérapies sur les hallucinations auditives résistantes restent modérés et le développement de stratégies alternatives demeure un enjeu de recherche majeur.Actuellement, les travaux en imagerie fonctionnelle permettent d'affiner les modèles physiopathologiques des hallucinations auditives, mais leur intérêt pourrait aller au-delà de la recherche fondamentale, avec possiblement des applications cliniques telles que l'assistance thérapeutique. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit précisément dans le développement de l’imagerie cérébrale de « capture » des hallucinations auditives, c’est-à-dire l’identification des patterns d’activation fonctionnels associés à la survenue des hallucinations auditives.La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la détection automatisée des hallucinations auditives en IRM fonctionnelle. L’identification des périodes hallucinatoires survenues au cours d’une session d’IRM fonctionnelle est actuellement possible par une méthode de capture semi-automatisée validée. Celle-ci permet une labellisation des données acquises au cours d’une session de repos en périodes « hallucinatoires » et « non-hallucinatoires ». Toutefois, le caractère long et fastidieux de cette méthode limite largement son emploi. Nous avons donc souhaité montrer comment les stratégies d’apprentissage machine (support vector machine ou SVM, notamment) permettent l’automatisation de cette technique par le développement de classificateurs performants, généralisables et associés à un faible coût de calcul (indispensable en vue d’une utilisation en temps réel). Nous proposons également le développement d’algorithmes de reconnaissance de la période « pré-hallucinatoire », en mettant en évidence que ce type de classificateur présente aussi des performances largement significatives. Enfin, nous avons pu montrer que l’utilisation de stratégies d’apprentissage-machine alternatives au SVM (e.g, le TV-Elastic-net), obtient des performances significativement supérieures au SVM [...]Hallucination is a transient subjective experience perceived as real, but occurring in the absence of an appropriate stimulation coming from the external environment. Hallucinatory events, which can occur across every sensory modality, are observed in various neurological and psychiatric disorders but also among “non-clinical” populations. The most frequent disorder associated with hallucinations in the field of psychiatry is schizophrenia. Auditory-verbal experiences are particularly frequent, with a lifetime-prevalence of 60 to 80% in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Hallucinations may cause long-term disability and poorer quality of life.In this context, the management of auditory-verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia constitutes a major challenge. However, despite the increasing sophistication of biological and psychosocial research methods in the field, no significant therapeutic breakthrough has occurred in the last decade and a consensus exists that a significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia (i.e., around 25 %), exhibit drug-resistant auditory-verbal hallucinations. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been proposed as an option for addressing the unmet medical needs described above. However, these neuromodulation techniques show a moderate effect in alleviating drug-resistant auditory-verbal hallucinations and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies remains a major challenge.In recent years, the number of brain imaging studies in the field of auditory-verbal hallucinations has grown substantially, leading to a better pathophysiological understanding of this subjective phenomenon. Recent progress in deciphering the neural underpinnings of AVHs has strengthened transdiagnostic neurocognitive models that characterize auditory-verbal hallucinations, but more specifically these findings built the bases for new therapeutic strategies. In this regards the development of auditory hallucinations “capture" brain-imaging studies (i.e. the identification of functional patterns associated with the occurrence of auditory hallucinations), was the main topic of this thesis.The first part of this work is devoted to the automatized detection of auditory-verbal hallucinations using functional MRI (fMRI). The identification of hallucinatory periods occurring during a fMRI session is now possible using a semi-automatized procedure based on an independent component analysis applied to resting fMRI data combined with a post-fMRI interview (i.e. the patient is asked to report auditory-verbal hallucinations immediately after acquisition). This “two-steps method” allows for the identification of hallucination periods (ON) and non-hallucination ones (OFF). However, the time-consuming nature of this a posteriori labelling procedure considerably limits its use. In these regards, we show how machine-learning, especially support vector machine (SVM), allows the automation of hallucinations capture. We present new results of accurate and generalizable classifiers which could be used in real-time because of their low computational-cost. We also highlight that algorithms able to identify the "pre-hallucinatory" period exhibit significant performances. Finally, we propose the use of an alternative learning-machine strategy, based on TV-Elastic-net, which achieves slightly better performances and more interpretable discriminative maps than SVM [...]
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鄭泰然 and Tai-yin Cheng. "A phenomenological study of auditory verbal hallucination in psychosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192961.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Patients of schizophrenia experienced a cluster of symptoms known as psychosis, which were concurrent phenomena presented across multiple psychopathological dimensions, among which hallucination was one of the principal features. Auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) was the most common among other modalities (i.e. visual, olfactory, gustatory and tactile) of hallucinations and was said to occur when audible voices were heard without presence of corresponding stimuli. There were two main neurocognitive hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of the occurrence of AVH, namely the inner speech hypothesis and the top down processing hypothesis. Existing descriptive psychopathology studies were not guided by any theoretical frameworks. This study was the groundwork to examine experiences of AVH as described by patients with psychosis and other psychiatric conditions based on these two major hypotheses.
Method: This study was a retrospective case series. Comprehensive searches of AVH cases were done on biomedicine and psychology databases, in which case reports, case studies and studies with detailed descriptions of phenomenology of AVH with various aetiologies, a total of twenty cases, were selected. Four in-depth qualitative interviews were also conducted with psychosis patients for in-depth understandings of their AVH phenomena experiences.
Result: Three specific features from the two neurocognitive hypotheses were identified. (1) Form of address, (2) linguistic complexity, and (3) command hallucinations were likely interpreted by inner speech hypothesis; whereas (1) single theme and repetitive contents, (2) relations with past experience/knowledge/perceptual expectations, and (3) congruent moods were likely interpreted by top down processing bias hypothesis.
Discussion: This study has categorized AVH phenomena from twenty literature cases and four in-depth qualitative interview cases by specific features of the two mainstream hypotheses; and commented on each of the specific features on their relevancies to the two mainstream hypotheses. Conceptualisation of underlying neurocognitive mechanisms could made taxonomy easier, and as a result benefit clinical staging, better prediction of prognosis and better communications with patients and their families.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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O'Neill, Bridgette. "Hearing voices : a psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264845.
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Seurat, Alexandre. "Le roman du délire. Hallucinations et délires dans le roman européen [années 1920-1940]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030131.
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Ce travail tente de dégager le rôle de la représentation du délire dans la transformation du genre romanesque en Europe entre les années 1920 et les années 1940. L’étude s’intéresse donc aux crises d’hallucination et de délire qui ponctuent la narration dans plusieurs grands romans de langues anglaise [le chapitre 15 d’Ulysse de James Joyce et Mrs Dalloway de Virginia Woolf], allemande [Die Blendung d’Elias Canetti, Berlin Alexanderplatz d’Alfred Döblin et Le Loup des steppes de Hermann Hesse] et française [Voyage au bout de la nuit, Mort à crédit, Guignol’s band de Louis-Ferdinand Céline et Moravagine de Blaise Cendrars]. Si le délire romanesque est un enjeu dans ces années, c’est que son identification pose problème : les limites entre le réel et le délire sont en effet souvent brouillées. Dans certains romans, la prolifération du délire est telle qu’elle peut faire vaciller l’ensemble de la narration, le récit pouvant être interprété dans sa globalité comme le fruit d’un délire. Cette transformation n’est pas sans lien avec la révolution du champ de la psychopathologie qui bouleverse l’époque : les romanciers connaissent souvent assez bien les modes d’observation psychiatrique et s’intéressent de près à la psychanalyse, déjà très reconnue. Reste que le délire romanesque se dérobe aux lectures médicales : composé d’éléments hétérogènes et parfois impossibles, obéissant à des changements imprévisibles et déroutants, il échappe à une logique strictement individuelle, et ouvre à une représentation des troubles de l’époque. Introduisant une brèche dans la frontière entre fiction et réalité, il devient un espace politique où le roman s’interroge sur ses propres pouvoirsThis study highlights the role of the representation of delirium in the transformation of the European novel between the 1920s and the 1940s. Of central importance are the hallucinatory and delirious episodes that punctuate the narration in several major novels in English [chapter 15 of Ulysses of James Joyce and Mrs Dalloway of Virginia Woolf], German [Die Blendung of Elias Canetti, Berlin Alexanderplatz of Alfred Döblin and Steppenwolf of Hermann Hesse] and French [Journey to the end of night, Death on the installment plan, Guignol’s band of Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Moravagine of Blaise Cendrars]. Delirium is an issue in these years because it can no longer be easily defined: the line between reality and delirium has become blurred. In some novels, the proliferation of delirium is so prevalent that it destabilizes the narration itself, inviting the reader to interpret the whole story as the result of delirium. This transformation is doubtless linked to the revolution of psychopathology that deeply affects the period: the novelists know, often well, the methods of psychiatric observation and follow closely psychoanalysis, which by this time was well established. But fictional delirium eludes purely medical readings: composed of heterogeneous and sometimes impossible elements, submitted to unpredictable and puzzling changes, it resists a singular explanation, and serves as a window into the troubles of the time. By breaching the boundary between fiction and reality, fictional delirium becomes a political space where the novel puts into question its own powers
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Hardie, Julie. "Auditory hallucinations : an investigation of associated trauma, dissociative and schizotypal factors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24676.
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The current study aimed to explore how trauma, dissociation and schizotypy are associated with auditory hallucinations within clinical and non-clinical populations. The study used a cross-sectional design with clinical and non-clinical groups. Forty-four individuals were recruited into the study and assigned to a psychosis group, an emotional disorder group or a healthy volunteer group. All participants completed measures of auditory hallucinations (severity and predisposition), alongside measures of trauma (the Trauma, History Questionnaire), dissociation (the Dissociative Experiences Scale), and schizotypal cognitions (the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions). Between group analysis indicated significant differences between groups on the measures of trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions. The psychosis group reported significantly greater scores on the depersonalisation and derealisation subcomponent of dissociation and schizotypal cognitions than the emotional disorder group and healthy volunteer group. Across the three groups, correlation analysis indicated that trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions correlated significantly with predispositions to auditory hallucinations, whilst dissociation, schizotypy and emotional abuse correlated significantly with severity of auditory hallucinations. Of the factors measured, the depersonalisation and derealisation subcomponent of dissociation and schizotypal cognitions were found to predict predisposition to auditory hallucinations, whilst depersonalisation and derealisation was found to predict severity of auditory hallucinations. Results confirm the significant association of trauma, dissociation and schizotypal cognitions with auditory hallucinations and indicate the depersonalisation and derealisation, and schizotypal cognitions are specifically important in the development of auditory hallucinations. These findings may have theoretical implications for understanding the cognitive processes involved in psychosis and clinical implications for the treatment of auditory hallucinations within clinical settings.
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Kochuparampil, Priya Rose. "The impact of auditory hallucinations on the caregiving relationship in psychosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-auditory-hallucinations-on-the-caregiving-relationship-in-psychosis(0203f54b-a96a-4bd3-9990-bf4495cfea3e).html.
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Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations are common symptoms in psychosis conditions and will be distressing and persistent for many people. Though we are developing an improved understanding of their presentation in service users, far less is known about their impact on informal carers. Objectives: This study examines whether the presence of auditory verbal hallucinations in service users uniquely influences carers’ appraisals of caregiving and the illness, and impact on their affective functioning, coping style and experience of stigma. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. Carers (n = 52) were recruited from dedicated carer services attached to psychosis community mental health teams. The sample included 26 carers of service users who hear voices, and 26 carers of service users who do not hear voices. Participants completed self-report measures on their experience of caregiving, illness beliefs, affective disturbance and avoidant coping. Results: Overall, 35 - 60% of carers reported clinical levels of affective disturbance. Higher levels of carer distress were associated with service user difficulties unrelated to psychosis symptomatology. In direct comparisons, carers of voice hearers perceived their relatives to have more severe symptoms of psychosis compared to carers of service users who do not hear voices. No other significant hypothesised differences were found between the groups. An unexpected finding was that carers of those who do not hear voices perceived a greater need to back up the service user compared to carers of those who hear voices. Conclusions: The findings support previous literature documenting elevated mood and stress related disorders in carers of people with psychosis. However they offer minimal support, in the current sample, for the hypotheses that auditory verbal hallucinations differentially impact upon carers’ experiences, illness beliefs, affective states and levels of avoidant coping. The findings underscore the importance of a needs-based framework for improving carer interventions, over a specific approach for voice hearing. Clinical implications and areas for future research are discussed.