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Journal articles on the topic 'Halo implants'
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Banaszeski da Silva, Mauricio, Thiago H. Both, Hans P. Tuinhout, Adrie Zegers-van Duijnhoven, Gilson I. Wirth, and Andries J. Scholten. "A Compact Statistical Model for the Low-Frequency Noise in Halo-Implanted MOSFETs: Large RTN Induced by Halo Implants." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 66, no. 8 (August 2019): 3521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2019.2924819.
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Nicholas, G., B. De Jaeger, D. P. Brunco, P. Zimmerman, G. Eneman, K. Martens, M. Meuris, and M. M. Heyns. "High-Performance Deep Submicron Ge pMOSFETs With Halo Implants." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 54, no. 9 (September 2007): 2503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.902732.
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Felch, S. B., M. A. Foad, C. Olsen, F. Nouri, Y. Matsunaga, and N. Natsuaki. "90 nm device validation of the use of a single-wafer, high-current implanter for high tilt halo implants." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 237, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.04.076.
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Mondal, Chandrima, and Abhijit Biswas. "Studies on Halo Implants in Controlling Short-Channel Effects of Nanoscale Ge Channel pMOSFETs." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 59, no. 9 (September 2012): 2338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2012.2204062.
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de Sousa, Lucíola Lucena, Deborah Gouvêa Prado, Mariny Fabiéle Cabral Coelho, Virgilio Pereira Ricci, Guilherme Vilela Ferreira, Eliana C. da S. Rigo, Mérilin Cristina dos Santos Fernandes, and Neide Aparecida Mariano. "Evaluation of the Bactericidal Properties of the Biomimetic Coating of Ha Doped with AgNO3." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.362.
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Commercially pure titanium and its alloys have been widely applied as implant materials with excellent long-term results and present benefits compared to other metal biomaterials because of the good mechanical strength and modulus of elasticity with values close to those of the bone. Titanium implants coated with hydroxyapatite give the metal a bioactive surface, which induces a direct connection between the implant and the bone tissue. As a consequence, the time for osseointegration, and hence the total treatment time, may be reduced. This paper aimed at studying the bactericidal effect of silver nitrate at 10 ppm and 100 ppm, incorporated in the layer on the surface of commercial titanium. The results showed efficiency in both osseointegration and bactericidal effect, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and corrosion tests. The bacterial culture tests, by means of the halo inhibition tests, indicate that the doping with AgNO3in concentrations 10 and 100 ppm did not present significant variation.
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Ali, Syed Asif, Asad Ali Ch, Ahmad Sarfraz Humayun, Usman Zafar Dar, and Syed Muhammad Awais. "EXPERIENCE OF HALOPELVIC TRACTION IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE SPINE DEFORMITY: A CASE SERIES." Annals of King Edward Medical University 21, no. 4 (January 8, 2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v21i4.778.
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AbstractBackground:Severe and rigid scoliosis and kyphosis are difficult to treat but with the advent of new spinal operative techniques and implants, it has become man-ageable in expert hands. However these implants are too expensive for developing countries like us. The Halo-pelvic traction is a relatively cheaper device sys-tem used to treat such deformities. Moreover, rapid curve correction and one stage surgery may lead to permanent neurological deficit.Objective:To evaluate treatment outcome of Halo-pelvic Traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphosis.Methodology:This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Orthopedics surgery and traumatology unit I, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital Lahore from September 2010 to August 2012. The patients with severe spinal deformity which could not be corrected at a single stage were included. A Performa was made for each patient and results were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Results:Total no. of 07 patients were treated, out of them 04 scoliosis patients having mean Cobbs angle of 77.25 5.31 before treatment, improved significantly to 45 5.35 after surgery (p?0.0001), 03 kyphosis patients with mean Kyphus angle of 96.67 24.66 improved to 58.33 17.56 (p?0.0001). Two major complications i.e. one paraplegia which recovered incompletely and one had CSF discharge from cranial pin that was also revived thoroughly after changing the position of the pin.Conclusion:Halopelvic traction device can help in treating the patients of severe scoliosis and kyphosis.Keywords:Kyphosis, Halo-Pelvic, Kyphus angle, Cobbs angle.
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Fathipour, Morteza, Ehsanollah Fathi, Behrouz Afzal, and Ali Khakifirooz. "An improved shift-and-ratio Leff extraction method for MOS transistors with halo/pocket implants." Solid-State Electronics 48, no. 10-11 (October 2004): 1829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.021.
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Baino, Francesco, Sergio Perero, Marta Miola, and Monica Ferraris. "Antibacterial Nanocoatings for Ocular Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 102 (October 2016): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.102.24.
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Bacterial issues in ophthalmic applications, with particular reference to postoperative infection of ocular implants, cause significant problems that often require additional, stressful and expensive treatments for the patients. In this work we applied silver-containing antibacterial costings on two kinds of polymeric ocular devices, i.e. silicone scleral buckles for retinal detachment surgery and poly(methyl methacrylate) artificial eyes for enucleated patients. The coatings (thickness around 50 nm), constituted by silver nanoclusters embedded in a silica matrix, were produced by RF co-sputtering and investigated by SEM and EDS. The antibacterial effect of the coating was confirmed by the in vitro formation of an inhibition halo against Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the most common pathogens involved in ocular infections. The approach proposed in this study for treating implant-related ocular infections can have a significant impact in the field of ophthalmic biomaterials, suggesting a valuable alternative to the administration of antibiotics that may become ineffective towards resistant bacterial strains.
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Eng, Chee-Wee, Wai-Shing Lau, David Vigar, and James Yong-Meng Lee. "An Improved Shift-and-Ratio Effective Channel Length Extraction Method for Metal Oxide Silicon Transistors with Halo/Pocket Implants." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 42, Part 1, No. 5A (May 15, 2003): 2621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.42.2621.
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van Meer, H., K. Henson, J. H. Lyu, M. Rosmeulen, S. Kubicek, N. Collaert, and K. De Meyer. "Limitations of shift-and-ratio based L/sub eff/ extraction techniques for MOS transistors with halo or pocket implants." IEEE Electron Device Letters 21, no. 3 (March 2000): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.823579.
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Akaishi, Leonardo, Rodrigo Vaz, Graziela Vilella, Rodrigo C. Garcez, and Patrick F. Tzelikis. "Visual Performance of Tecnis ZM900 Diffractive Multifocal IOL after 2500 Implants: A 3-Year Followup." Journal of Ophthalmology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/717591.
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Purpose. To evaluate visual performance for near, intermediate, and distant vision; complaints of photic phenomena, and patient satisfaction with the new diffractive multifocal IOL used in eyes which underwent phacoemulsification.Methods. Two thousand and five hundred consecutive eyes undergoing Tecnis ZM900 multifocal IOL implantation were included in this retrospective analysis. The minimum followup of 3 months was required after the surgery. Patients were assessed for uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at a fixed distance (33 cm), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 60 cm, and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA). Using a subjective questionnaire, patients satisfaction, their independence from using glasses, and the perception of glare and halo phenomena were also evaluated at the last follow-up.Results. Two thousand and five hundred eyes of 1558 patients underwent cataract surgery and Tecnis ZM900 multifocal IOL implantation. Four hundred and eighty seven patients (31.3%) were men, and 1071 (68.7%) were women. The mean age of the patients was 66.17 years. A UDVA of 20/30 or better was achieved by 85% of eyes. A UNVA of J1 was achieved by 93.7% of eyes and that of J2 or better was achieved by 98%. A UIVA of J4 or better was achieved by 65% and J5 or better was achived by more than 82.8% of the eyes in the study. Glare and halos were reported as severe by only 6.1% and 2.12% of patients, respectively. Ninety seven percent reported complete spectacle independence and 88% stated that they are totally satisfied with their quality of vision and would choose to have the same lens implanted again after the first implant. Five percent of the eyes in the study needed a second procedure (enhancement) to achieve a better visual result. No patient underwent lens exchange.Conclusion. Excellent near, intermediate, and distant vision was observed in patients implanted with the Tecnis ZM900 diffractive multifocal IOL. Spectacle independence and a minimum occurrence of photic phenomena make this IOL an excellent option in patients with cataract.
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Termeie, Deborah, Perry R. Klokkevold, and Angelo A. Caputo. "Effect of Implant Diameter and Ridge Dimension on Stress Distribution in Mandibular First Molar Sites—A Photoelastic Study." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): e165-e173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00008.
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The long-term clinical success of a dental implant is dependent upon maintaining sufficient osseointegration to resist forces of occlusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implant diameter on stress distribution around screw-type dental implants in mandibular first molar sites using photoelastic models. The design included models with different buccal-lingual dimension. Twelve composite photoelastic models were assembled using 2 different resins to simulate trabecular and cortical bone. Half of the models were fabricated with average dimensions for ridge width and the other half with narrower buccal-lingual dimensions. One internal connection implant (13 mm length) with either a standard (4 mm), wide (5 mm), or narrow (3.3 mm) diameter was embedded in the first molar position of each photoelastic model. Half the implants were tapered and the other half were straight. Full gold crowns in the shape of a mandibular first molar were fabricated and attached to the implants. Vertical and angled loads of 15 and 30 pounds were applied to specific points on the crown. Wide-diameter implants produced the least stress in all ridges while narrow-diameter implants generated the highest stress, especially in narrow ridges. It may be that the volume and quality of bone surrounding implants influences stress distribution with a greater ratio of cortical to trabecular bone, thus providing better support. Models with wide-diameter implants loaded axially had a more symmetrical stress distribution compared to standard and narrow diameter implants. A more asymmetrical stress pattern developed along the entire implant length with angled loads. Implant diameter and ridge width had considerable influence on stress distribution. Narrow-diameter implants produced more stress than wide diameter implants in all conditions tested.
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Jimbo, R., P. G. Coelho, M. Bryington, M. Baldassarri, N. Tovar, F. Currie, M. Hayashi, et al. "Nano Hydroxyapatite-coated Implants Improve Bone Nanomechanical Properties." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 12 (October 8, 2012): 1172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512463240.
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Nanostructure modification of dental implants has long been sought as a means to improve osseointegration through enhanced biomimicry of host structures. Several methods have been proposed and demonstrated for creating nanotopographic features; here we describe a nanoscale hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implant surface and hypothesize that it will hasten osseointegration and improve its quality relative to that of non-coated implants. Twenty threaded titanium alloy implants, half prepared with a stable HA nanoparticle surface and half grit-blasted, acid-etched, and heat-treated (HT), were inserted into rabbit femurs. Pre-operatively, the implants were morphologically and topographically characterized. After 3 weeks of healing, the samples were retrieved for histomorphometry. The nanomechanical properties of the surrounding bone were evaluated by nanoindentation. While both implants revealed similar bone-to-implant contact, the nanoindentation demonstrated that the tissue quality was significantly enhanced around the HA-coated implants, validating the postulated hypothesis.
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Rosifini Alves Rezende, Maria Cristina, Bruna Cabrera Capalbo, Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada, André Luiz Reis Rangel, Luciano Ângelo Cintra, João Augusto Guedes de Oliveira, Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho, Cristiane Mayumi Wada, and Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro. "Osseointegration of Ti-30Ta Implants without Primary Stability: Effect of Tranexamic Acid." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.918.
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A large clot formed between the inside of the bony wall of the extraction socket and the immediate implant surface may have premature breakdown . Tranexamic acid (TXA) is fibrinolysis inhibitor and an analog of the amino acid lysine. In this paper the influence of tranexamic acid on the osseointegration of Ti-30Ta implants without primary stability was investigated. Were fabricated 32 implants of CP Titanium Grade 4 and 32 implants of Ti-30Ta alloy with dimensions of 2.1 x 2.8mm Ø. Bone defects of 2.5x3.2 mm Ø were created in right tibia of 64 Wistar male-rats using a small round bur. They were divided (n=16) into: Group I (CP-Ti machined implant), Group II (CP-Ti machined implant/ tranexamic acid), Group III (Ti-30Ta implant) and Group IV (Ti-30Ta implant/ tranexamic acid). The surgical defects of the Group II and Group IV were bathed with 20 ml of the tranexamic acid solution. The animals were euthanized at 45 days postoperative. In the right tibia of half each group (8 animals/8 tibiae) the maximum torque value necessary for manual removal of each implant was measured in Newton centimeters (Ncm). The right tibia of other half each group was subjected to non-decalcified histology processing (Stevenel's blue/Alizarin red). Data were analyzed statistically (Kruskal-Wallis Analyses) and demonstrated significant differences (P<0.05) among groups. The values of group I were significantly lower than group III and IV, but without significant difference than group II both removal torque and peri-implant bone healing. The results suggest that: a) peri-implant bone formation occurred more rapidly around the Ti-30Ta implant; b) tranexamic acid favored the stabilization of blood clot and bone formation around Ti-30Ta implants and not influenced bone formation around Ti-CP implants.
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Frankenberger, Thomas, Constantin Leon Graw, Nadja Engel, Thomas Gerber, Bernhard Frerich, and Michael Dau. "Sustainable Surface Modification of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants by Hydroxyapatite/Silica Coating—An In Vivo Animal Study." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164589.
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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has the potential to overcome some of the disadvantages of titanium interbody implants in anterior cervical and discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, PEEK shows an inferior biological behavior regarding osseointegration and bioactivity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to create a bioactive surface coating on PEEK implants with a unique nanopore structure enabling the generation of a long-lasting interfacial composite layer between coating material and implant. Seventy-two PEEK implants—each thirty-six pure PEEK implants (PI) and thirty-six PEEK implants with a sprayed coating consisting of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (ncHA) embedded in a silica matrix and interfacial composite layer (SPI)—were inserted in the femoral condyles of adult rats using a split-side model. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the femur bones were harvested. Half of the femur bones were used in histological and histomorphometrical analyses. Additionally, pull-out tests were performed in the second half. Postoperative healing was uneventful for all animals, and no postoperative complications were observed. Considerable crestal and medullary bone remodeling could be found around all implants, with faster bone formation around the SPI and fewer regions with fibrous tissue barriers between implant and bone. Histomorphometrical analyses showed a higher bone to implant contact (BIC) in SPI after 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Pull-out tests revealed higher pull-out forces in SPI at all time points (p < 0.01). The presented findings demonstrate that a combination of a bioactive coating and the permanent chemical and structural modified interfacial composite layer can improve bone formation at the implant surface by creating a sustainable bone-implant interface. This might be a promising way to overcome the bioinert surface property of PEEK-based implants.
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Pereira, Paulo Henrique de Souza, Marina Amaral, Kusai Baroudi, Rafael Pino Vitti, Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, and Laís Regiane da Silva-Concílio. "Effect of Implant Platform Connection and Abutment Material on Removal Torque and Implant Hexagon Plastic Deformation." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 03 (July 2019): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700662.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the plastic deformation of the hexagonal connection, and the removal torque of the implant-abutment joint of two dental implants combined with internal or external hexagonal connection implants after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods Twenty-four dental implants were used in the study. Half of the implants had internal hexagonal connections (IH; Titamax II Plus) and the other half had external hexagonal connections (EH; Titamax Ti Ex). Four groups of two types of dental implant abutments (titanium: Ti, UCLA II Plus and zirconia: Zr, fabricated by CAD/CAM; n = 6) were investigated. The abutments received a metallic crown and the settings were submitted to mechanical cycling (MC; 106 cycles, axial load, 120N). The connection surface area was measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The removal torque was evaluated and the plastic deformation of the hexagonal surface of the implant was measured by comparing the images before and after MC. Statistical Analysis Paired-t test was used to analyze the data statistically at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results The torque values decreased for all groups after MC, and the hexagonal surface area decreased due to plastic deformation for IH and EH associated with Zr abutments. Conclusions Zirconia abutments showed the worst plastic deformation of the implant connection surface and torque loosening when associated with IH implant.
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Ayukawa, Yasunori, Wakana Oshiro, Ikiru Atsuta, Akihiro Furuhashi, Ryosuke Kondo, Yohei Jinno, and Kiyoshi Koyano. "Long Term Retention of Gingival Sealing around Titanium Implants with CaCl2 Hydrothermal Treatment: A Rodent Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101560.
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We previously reported that CaCl2 hydrothermal-treated (Ca-HT) titanium (Ti) implants induced a tight sealing at the interface between the implant and peri-implant epithelium (PIE) after implantation. However, it is not clear how long this improved epithelium sealing can be maintained. We subsequently investigated whether the positive effect of Ca-HT to promote sealing between the PIE and implant was sustained longer term. Maxillary molars were extracted from rats and replaced with either Ca-HT implants (Ca-HT group), distilled water-HT implants (DW-HT group) or non-treated implants (control group). After 16 weeks, the majority of implants in the Ca-HT group remained at the maxillary with no apical extension of the PIE. Conversely, half the number of control implants was lost following down-growth of the PIE. The effect of Ca-HT on migration and proliferation of rat oral epithelial cells (OECs) was also investigated. In OECs cultured on Ca-HT Ti plates, protein expression in relation to cell migration decreased, and proliferation was higher than other groups. Surface analysis indicated HT enhanced the formation of surface TiO2 layer without altering surface topography. Consequently, Ca-HT of Ti reduced PIE down-growth via tight epithelial attachment to the surface, which may enhance implant capability for a longer time post-implantation.
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Giro, Gabriela, Nick Tovar, Charles Marin, Estevam A. Bonfante, Ryo Jimbo, Marcelo Suzuki, Malvin N. Janal, and Paulo G. Coelho. "The Effect of Simplifying Dental Implant Drilling Sequence on Osseointegration: An Experimental Study in Dogs." International Journal of Biomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230310.
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Objectives. To test the hypothesis that there would be no differences in osseointegration by reducing the number of drills for site preparation relative to conventional drilling sequence.Methods. Seventy-two implants were bilaterally placed in the tibia of 18 beagle dogs and remained for 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Thirty-six implants were 3.75 mm in diameter and the other 36 were 4.2 mm. Half of the implants of each diameter were placed under a simplified technique (pilot drill + final diameter drill) and the other half were placed under conventional drilling where multiple drills of increasing diameter were utilized. After euthanisation, the bone-implant samples were processed and referred to histological analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone-area-fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM ANOVA at 95% level of significance considering implant diameter, timein vivo,and drilling procedure as independent variables and BIC and BAFO as the dependent variables.Results. Both techniques led to implant integration. No differences in BIC and BAFO were observed between drilling procedures as time elapsedin vivo.Conclusions. The simplified drilling protocol presented comparable osseointegration outcomes to the conventional protocol, which proved the initial hypothesis.
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Seong, Wook-Jin, Michael Barczak, Jae Jung, Saonli Basu, Paul S. Olin, and Heather J. Conrad. "Prevalence of Sinus Augmentation Associated With Maxillary Posterior Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 39, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00122.
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Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus limits the quantity of alveolar bone available for implant placement and may result in a lack of primary stability and difficulty in achieving osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a group of patients who had implants placed in the posterior maxilla, calculate the prevalence of sinus augmentation, and identify factors related to sinus augmentation. With institutional review board approval, dental records from a population of patients who had implants placed in the maxillary posterior region between January 2000 and December 2004 were used to create a database. Independent variables were classified as continuous (age of the patient at stage 1 implant surgery [S1], time between extraction and S1, time between extraction and sinus augmentation, and time between sinus augmentation and S1) and categorical (gender, implant failure, American Society of Anesthesiologists system classification, smoking, osteoporosis, residual crestal bone height, implant position, implant proximity, prostheses type, and implant diameter and length). The dependent variable was the incidence of a sinus augmentation procedure. Simple logistic regression was used to assess the influence of each factor on the presence of sinus augmentation (P < .05). The final database included 502 maxillary posterior implants with an overall survival rate of 93.2% over a mean follow-up period of 35.7 months. Of 502 implants, 272 (54.2%) were associated with a sinus augmentation procedure. Among variables, residual crestal bone height (P < .001), implant position (P < .001), implant proximity (P < .001), prosthesis type (P < .001), implant failure (P < .01), and implant diameter (P < .01), were statistically associated with sinus augmentation. Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the results suggest that more than half (54.2%) of the maxillary posterior implants were involved with a sinus augmentation procedure. The prevalence of sinus augmentation increased with decreased residual crestal bone height, more posterior implant locations, and complete or partial edentulism. Sinus augmentation was significantly associated with implant failure and wide implants.
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Hell, Anna K., Ingrid Kühnle, Heiko M. Lorenz, Lena Braunschweig, Katja A. Lüders, Hans Christoph Bock, Christof M. Kramm, Hans Christoph Ludwig, and Konstantinos Tsaknakis. "Spinal Deformities after Childhood Tumors." Cancers 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123555.
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Childhood tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and other entities affecting the spine are rare. Treatment options vary from surgical biopsy to partial, subtotal, and total resection, to radiation, to chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate spinal deformity and subsequent surgical interventions in this patient cohort. A retrospective review at our institution identified children with CNS tumors, spinal tumors, and juxta-spinal tumors, as well as spinal deformities. Tumor entity, treatment, mobilization, and radiographic images were analyzed relative to the spinal deformity, using curve angles in two planes. Conservative or surgical interventions such as orthotic braces, growth-friendly spinal implants, and spinal fusions were evaluated and analyzed with respect to treatment results. Tumor entities in the 76 patients of this study included CNS tumors (n = 41), neurofibromatosis with spinal or paraspinal tumors (n = 14), bone tumors (n = 12), embryonal tumors (n = 7), and others (n = 2). The initial treatment consisted of surgical biopsy (n = 5), partial, subtotal, or total surgical resection (n = 59), or none (n = 12), followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both (n = 40). Out of 65 evaluated patients, 25 revealed a moderate or severe scoliotic deformity of 71° (range 21–116°), pathological thoracic kyphosis of 66° (range 50–130°), and lordosis of 61° (range 41–97°). Surgical treatment was performed on 21 patients with implantation of growth-friendly spinal implants (n = 9) as well as twelve dorsal spinal fusions (two with prior halo distraction). Surgical interventions significantly improved spinal deformities without additional neurological impairment. With the increasing number of children surviving rare tumors, attention should be focused on long-term problems such as spinal deformities and consequent disabilities. A significant number of children with CNS tumors, spinal tumors or juxta-spinal tumors required surgical intervention. Early information about spinal deformities and a close follow-up are mandatory for this patient group.
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Dal Carlo, Luca, Marco Pasqualini, Mike Shulman, Franco Rossi, Giorgio Comola, Pierangelo Manenti, Valentina Candotto, Dorina Lauritano, and Paolo Zampetti. "Endosseous distal extension (EDE) blade implant technique useful to provide stable pillars in the ipotrophic lower posterior sector: 22 years statistical survey." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 33 (January 2019): 205873841983809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738419838092.
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The aim of this issue is to describe endosseous distal extension (EDE) surgical technique. This implant technique was conceived and applied since 1993 by Dr Luca Dal Carlo, as an evolution of the classical ramus blade implant technique. With this technique, you attain great stability of the blade implant, due to the following difference compared with the classical blade implant technique: the hard and soft tissues lying behind implant abutment are not being destroyed at all. A slot is made on the upper side of the bone ridge, and the blade is inserted into it and pushed backwards, so that the implant is embedded under untouched tissues. Using blade implants specially drawn for this particular surgery, the slot’s length turns out to be about half of the implant’s length. Piezo bistoury is useful to facilitate surgical proceedings. If we compare the regenerated bone on the mesial part of the implant and the bone that had remained untouched on the distal side, we will see a difference in the tissue density even after a long time. EDE technique is suitable for those cases in which the lower distal sector is characterized by scarceness of cancellous bone. Data collected during 22 years of clinical practice (97.7% 5-year success rate) allow to suggest employing this technique with asymmetric blades to treat D3-D4 narrow ridges located in the posterior mandible. Soft tissue response results are very good.
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Davó, Ruben, Simonas Bankauskas, Remigijus Laurincikas, Ismail Doruk Koçyigit, and José Eduardo Mate Sanchez de Val. "Clinical Performance of Zygomatic Implants—Retrospective Multicenter Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020480.
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The main objective of this analysis was to evaluate (1) implant survival, (2) biologic complications, and (3) demographics associated with zygomatic implants placed according to the zygomatic anatomy-guided approach (ZAGA). This retrospective multicenter study reviewed data from the charts of 82 consecutive patients who had received 182 zygomatic implants. Patients were fully edentulous (62.2%), partially edentulous (22.0%), or had failing dentition (15.9%). Most patients (87.5%) did not have previous sinusitis and 11.3% had been previously treated for it. Additionally, about half of the patients (53.8%) did not present periodontal pathology, and one-third (36.3%) did, but were subsequently treated. Most implants (93.8%) were loaded immediately, i.e., within 48 h of placement. Implants were followed for 10.5 ± 7.2 months, and all were recorded as surviving and stable at last follow-up. Post-operative complications were infrequent and included sinusitis (10.1%) and peri-implant hyperplasia (0.8%). The low complication rate and 100% implant survival and stability indicate that zygomatic implants offer a viable treatment option when performing graftless restoration of severely resorbed maxilla, including immediate loading protocols.
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Maya, Rafael Ribeiro, Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino, and Julio de Araujo Gurgel. "Effect of vertical placement angle on the insertion torque of mini-implants in human alveolar bone." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 5 (December 2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.047-052.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present ex-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of the vertical placement angle of mini-implants on primary stability by analyzing maximum insertion torque (MIT). Methods: Mini-implants were placed in 30 human cadavers, inserted at either a 90° or 60° angle to the buccal surface of the maxillary first molar. Out of 60 self-drilling mini-implants used, half were of the cylindrical type and half were of the conical type. Primary stability was assessed by means of measuring the MIT. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls tests. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The MIT was higher for both mini-implant types when they were placed at a 90° angle (17.27 and 14.40 Ncm) compared with those placed at a 60° angle (14.13 and 11.40 Ncm). Conclusions: MIT values were differed according to the vertical mini-implant placement angle in the maxillary posterior area. Regardless of the type of mini-implant used, placement at a 90° angle resulted in a higher MIT.
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Kivovics, Márton, Dorottya Pénzes, Orsolya Németh, and Eitan Mijiritsky. "The Influence of Surgical Experience and Bone Density on the Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery in Edentulous Jaws Using a Mucosa-Supported Surgical Template with a Half-Guided Implant Placement Protocol—A Randomized Clinical Study." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 5759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245759.
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The aim of our randomized clinical study was to analyze the influence of surgical experience and bone density on the accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) in edentulous jaws using a mucosa-supported surgical template with a half-guided implant placement protocol. Altogether, 40 dental implants were placed in the edentulous jaws of 13 patients (novice surgeons: 18 implants, 6 patients (4 male), age 71 ± 10.1 years; experienced surgeons: 22 implants, 7 patients (4 male), age 69.2 ± 4.55 years). Angular deviation, coronal and apical global deviation and grey level measurements were calculated for all implants by a blinded investigator using coDiagnostiX software. 3DSlicer software was applied to calculate the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) for each site of implant placement. There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups in either of the primary outcome variables. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between angular deviation and both grey level measurements (R-value: −0.331, p < 0.05) and BV/TV (R-value: −0.377, p < 0.05). The results of the study suggest that surgical experience did not influence the accuracy of implant placement. The higher the bone density at the sites of implant placement, the higher the accuracy of static CAIS.
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Lee, Chunui, Seung-Mi Jeong, Hyun-Woo Yang, and Byung-Ho Choi. "Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Comparative Histomorphometric Study in Canine Models." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124216.
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Recent studies have focused on achieving sound osseointegration applying methods of surface reprocessing of dental implants using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. However, there have been few reports on the effect of UV irradiation on osseointegration in both the short and long term, and experimental studies using the canine model do not exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the short- and long-term degree of osseointegration of dental implants according to UV irradiation using a histometric analysis in canine models. Four beagles were used for this study and 24 dental implants were placed. Six implants were inserted with flapless protocols in each mandible. Half of the implants were UV-irradiated prior to implantation. UV-treated and untreated implants were placed one after the other; implant stability was recorded using the implant stability test (IST) immediately after implantation and every seven days thereafter. Two of the beagles were sacrificed after four weeks and the other two after 12 weeks. The implants were removed in block sections and were evaluated histomorphologically and statistically. As a result, we found no statistically significant differences in the mean IST values and in bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in all groups at 4 and 12 weeks.
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Peters, Walter. "Current Status of Breast Implant Survival Properties and the Management of the Woman with Silicone Gel Breast Implants." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 8, no. 2 (April 2000): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030000800201.
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The survival properties of silicone gel breast implants are dependent on their vintage (year of manufacture), duration in situ and manufacturer. A total of 527 gel implants have been explanted and analyzed in the author's laboratories. Of the 28 first-generation implants (1963 to 1972), 27 (96.4%) remained intact after 14 to 28 years in situ (mean 20.8 years). Of the 216 second-generation implants (1973 to mid-1980s) that were explanted from 1992 to 1998, 158 (73%) had disrupted. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated significantly different survival properties among second-generation manufacturers. Surgitek implants were by far the least durable. After 14 years, all second-generation Surgitek implants had disrupted. By contrast, after 20 years, about half of the Dow Corning and Heyer-Schulte implants remained intact. Among third-generation implants (mid-1980s to 1992), 43 of 46 (93.4%) remained intact after a mean of 6.3 years (range three to 12 years). The three disruptions were Surgitek implants. Implants from other manufacturers remained intact. However, the disruption frequencies of third-generation implants have yet to be measured over the relevant periods of time. Survival patterns appeared to be related to the thickness of the elastomeric shell of the three generations of implants. Mechanical strength analyses of the elastomeric shells of explants have exhibited little or no large scale material degradation, even after as long as 28 years in situ. The mechanism of implant disruption likely involves the ‘fold flaw’ theory, whereby an internal abrasion can develop over time at the site of a fold in the implant wall. Diagnosis of disruption is difficult. Mammography is helpful only if there has been extravasation of silicone gel into breast tissue. Extravasation was observed in only 4.2% of second-generation implants removed from 1992 to 1998. It was not seen with first- or third-generation implants. Ultrasound analyses are not generally helpful to predict disruption because they are very operator dependent and because capsular contracture causes folds in the implant wall, which result in false positives. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate imaging modality to detect implant disruption. However, this technology is not indicated for monitoring implant status because it is too costly and time consuming, and because it has significant limitations, particularly with first-generation and textured implants. Careful explantation and direct visual examination are the standards for diagnosing gel implant disruption. Many implant disruptions are likely ‘silent’, with no specific symptoms or clinical findings. After disruption, none of the following are elevated above the levels seen in control women without implant exposure: serum autoantibodies, blood and serum silicon, and the incidence of breast cancer, autoimmune disease or any other medical disease. There is no evidence to support the existence of any ‘novel’ or ‘atypical’ syndrome associated with gel implants. Women over 30 years of age with breast implants require regular monitoring for breast cancer detection. This should include monthly breast self examination and annual clinical breast examination. In addition, women over 50 years old require annual eight-view mammographic assessment using the implant displacement technique. Even then, breast implants have been shown to interfere with complete imaging, particularly if the implants are subglandular, large or associated with significant capsular contracture. A logical approach to explantation should involve consideration of a patient's personal concerns and anxiety, her implant vintage, the plane of insertion of her implants, her current clinical status and whether she chooses to replace her gel implants. Women requesting explantation require extensive information before deciding on surgery. At explantation, capsulectomy seems to be indicated if there is capsular calcification or major capsular thickening. (Pour le résumé, voir page suivante)
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Al Saleh, Fatma, Moosa AbuZayeda, Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, and Alexander Milosevic. "Survey of Dental Implant and Restoration Selection by Prosthodontists in Dubai." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8815775.
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Background. With various surgical and prosthetic component designs being introduced in dental implants, decisions have to be made when choosing a system and a certain prosthodontic protocol. A survey of implant prosthodontic specialists has not been previously performed in the Middle East. Aim. This study aimed to determine selection criteria and choice of dental implants and restorations by prosthodontic specialists in the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods. A validated 16-item questionnaire was used in the survey which included demographic information, implant training and experience, implant treatment planning, implant restoration, and implant system preference. The research protocol was approved by the Research and Ethics Committees of Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine and Dubai Health Authority. Prosthodontists were identified from regulatory authority websites and contacted by e-mail with the questionnaire attached. Results. A total of 84.6% (77) of the registered prosthodontists in Dubai completed the questionnaire with 66.2% reported practicing implant dentistry. Out of which, 54.9% reported surgically placing dental implants and 45.1% restore them only prosthetically. Prefabricated metal abutments were the most commonly selected abutments for single crowns (76.0%) and for fixed dental prostheses (66.7%). Screw retention is preferred mostly for single crowns (68.0%) and fixed dental prostheses (74.0%). Locators were the most commonly selected type of attachment for implant-retained/supported overdentures (49.0%). Conventional loading was the most selected type of loading in all oral conditions. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that most prosthodontists in Dubai practice implant dentistry and more than half surgically place dental implants. Prefabricated metal abutments are the most selected type of abutments. Most prosthodontists use screw-retained implant restorations and prefer locator attachments for implant-retained/supported overdentures. Conventional loading is the most preferred implant loading method in all oral conditions. Implant company/system selections are various and there is no major preference for a certain system. The majority of prosthodontists select implant systems based on implant features, literature review, and simplicity of restorative kit.
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Rismanchian, Mansour, Farshad Bajoghli, Tabakhian Gholamreza, and Mohamad Razavi. "Dental Implants: Early Versus Standard Two-Stage Loading (Animal Study)." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00202.
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Direct bone formation on the implant surface is a treatment goal in implant dentistry. It was always thought that a healing period of 3 months for the lower jaw and 5–6 months for the upper jaw was required for osseointegration to occur. Recent studies, however, show that with the early loading protocol, osseointegration is possible as well. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric parameters of implants with early loading protocols and implants that did not undergo the early loading protocol. In this experimental study, the first to the fourth premolar teeth were extracted from the lower jaws of 3 dogs. After a healing period of 3 months, 12 BioHorizons internal implants 4.5 × 10.5 mm were placed in the mandible of the dogs. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded. After 3 weeks, half of the implants were exposed, and after recording ISQ, polycarbonate crowns were placed on them and occlusion was adjusted so that there was no contact in centric occlusion and no lateral movement with the opposing teeth. After 3 months, the ISQs were recorded for all the implants. Bleeding upon probing and pocket depths were measured for the early loading implants. All the implants were removed using a trephine bur, and cross-sections of 150 μm were prepared, from which the bone implant contact (BIC) and the type of bone around them were obtained. Statistical analysis was conducted with independent t test, paired t test, and repeated analysis of variance. The BIC for the early loaded group was 46.17% ± 12.89%, and for the unloaded group was 44.4% ± 10.45%. This difference was not statistically significant (P = .811). The ISQ for the implants in the early loaded group (before they were removed) was 71 ± 7.35 and that of the unloaded group was 66.75 ± 11.86 .These differences were statistically insignificant. With regard to the result of this study, and the fact that the 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences in a number of major aspects, such as BIC and ISQ, it seems possible to load implants with an earlier than usual protocol with no adverse effects on implant success. It is necessary, however, to follow certain protocols for this type of loading.
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Tang, Weiwei, Qilong Liu, Xianshang Zeng, Jiali Yu, Dalong Shu, Guorong Shen, Weiguang Yu, Xiangzhen Liu, and Guixing Xu. "Accuracy of half-way mucosa-supported implant guides for edentulous jaws: a retrospective study with a median follow-up of 2 years." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (March 2021): 030006052199973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060521999739.
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Objective To assess the accuracy of half-way digital mucosa-supported implant guides (HDMIGs) for edentulous jaws. Methods Ninety-five consecutive patients (859 implants) with edentulous jaws who underwent implant placement using an HDMIG from July 2012 to June 2018 were retrospectively identified. The primary endpoint was implant-related complications (nerve injury and unexpected perforation), and the secondary endpoints were the faciolingual distance, mesiodistal distance, buccolingual angle, and mesiodistal angle. Follow-ups occurred at 1 month, 2 months, and then every 2 months following implant placement. Results Twenty-seven (28.4%) patients met the exclusion criteria, leaving 68 eligible patients (636 implants) for the final analysis. The median follow-up was 24 months (range, 18–27 months). No patients developed nerve injury, revision, or unexpected perforation. At the final follow-up, the mean faciolingual distance was 0.65 ± 0.16 mm, the mean mesiodistal distance was 1.16 ± 0.61 mm, the mean buccolingual angle was 4.04° ± 2.26°, and the mean mesiodistal angle was 3.75° ± 2.56°. In the comparison of the first month after surgery and the last follow-up, no significant differences were detected in any of the four measured variables. Conclusion Use of an HDMIG may be a convenient and safe method to ensure correct implantation.
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Jovic, Marko, Ivan Radosavljevic, Jovan Mihaljevic, Jelena Jeremic, and Milan Jovanovic. "Breast implant rupture 37 years after breast augmentation." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210401069j.
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Introduction Silicone implants have been used ever since the second half of the 20th century. Over that period several generations of implants have been developed that differed in thickness of the shell and viscosity of the silicone gel. Development of these generations of implants was accompanied with different complication rates. The first-generation implants had the lowest tendency to rupture, but were more prone to capsular contracture and calcification formation. Case outline An 81-year-old female patient had her silicone implants placed in 1983. After a chest injury in 2015. on the lateral aspect of the left breast a tumefaction becomes palpable and she complains of pain. She denies any subjective problems before the injury. After pertinent diagnostic procedures and clinical examination, silicone implant rupture was suspected. Surgical findings confirmed ruptures of both implants so that they were extracted, capsulectomy was performed and the surrounding tissue imbibed with silicone removed. Samples were sent for histopathological examination. Conclusion Implant rupture is one of late complications of breast augmentation. The incidence of ruptures has changed with development of newer generations of silicone implants. We believe that our patient had the first-generation silicone implants, knowing the time from their placement to the occurrence of symptoms and macroscopic appearance of the shell after extraction. The fact is that these implants have proved to be very durable, but regardless of the lack of symptoms, current guidelines recommend regular screening for rupture, while possible preventive extraction, particularly in case of so old implants should be considered.
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Choudhury, Natasha, and Joe Marais. "Use of Porous Polyethylene Implants in Nasal Reconstruction." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 4, no. 2 (2011): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1075.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Patients undergoing complex rhinoplasty, following previous trauma or cartilage deteriorating disease processes, present a surgical challenge. The availability of septal cartilage maybe limited, and alternative graft materials should be considered. Methods A retrospective study of our experience using the porous polyethylene (Medpor®) implant in nasal reconstruction was conducted. The indications for surgery are reviewed and the surgical outcomes noted. We also review the literature on available nasal implants and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Results A total of 22 Medpor® nasal implants were used for augmentation rhinoplasty over a 6 and half years period. Three patients experienced a surgical complication, including one slipped dorsal implant, and two patients with graft extrusion. Both of these two patients had concomitant disease processes that would have resulted in a poor tissue microenvironment, which may have contributed to their graft failures. Conclusion In our experience, the Medpor® implant has proved very successful in patients requiring complex rhinoplasty, in a normal host tissue microenvironment.
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Cheemala, Sulakshana Sony, Rama Lakshmi Koripella, and Bala Murali Krishna Perala. "Bacterial Aetiological Agents in Infected Orthopaedic Implants - A Cross Sectional Study from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 25 (June 21, 2021): 2203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/412.
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BACKGROUND Orthopaedic implant site infection is one of the major problems of surgical site infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. As implants are commonly used in orthopaedic procedures and especially when preceded by trauma, orthopaedic procedures are more prone for surgical site infections. We wanted to study the aerobic bacterial aetiology of infected orthopaedic implants. METHODS This was a cross sectional study carried out over a period of one and half years. The study group comprised of 100 patients who had undergone orthopaedic prosthetic implant surgeries and presented with signs and symptoms of infections. The demographic data were recorded, type of surgery, the time of infection during postoperative period and risk factors were noted. Serous / purulent discharge adjacent to infected implants were processed in the laboratory as per the standard protocol. RESULTS Among the 100 samples studied, 79 % were culture positive and 21 % culture sterile. 55.7 % were Gram-positive cocci isolated in pure, 29.1 % were Gramnegative bacilli (GNB) isolated in pure and 15.2 % were a mixture of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus 45 (80.4 %) was the predominant isolate followed by Coagulase Negative staphylococci 11(19.6 %). Among the GNB (35), the predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (28.6 %) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 8 (22.9 %). Infections occurred during the early post-operative period in 63 % cases. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were 53.4 % and 35 % were extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) among Enterobacteriaceae strains. CONCLUSIONS Orthopaedic implant site infections are common during early post-operative period. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus and ESBL strains were high. This study of aerobic bacterial analysis and their current antibiogram of orthopaedic implant infections would greatly help the orthopaedic surgeons in selecting appropriate antibiotics for prophylaxis as well as better management of patients. KEYWORDS Orthopaedic Implants, MRSA, ESBL, Orthopaedic Implant Infections, Biofilm
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Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, Furqan A. Shah, Lars Ericson, Aleksandar Matic, Anders Palmquist, and Peter Thomsen. "Electropolished Titanium Implants with a Mirror-Like Surface Support Osseointegration and Bone Remodelling." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1750105.
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This work characterises the ultrastructural composition of the interfacial tissue adjacent to electropolished, commercially pure titanium implants with and without subsequent anodisation, and it investigates whether a smooth electropolished surface can support bone formation in a manner similar to surfaces with a considerably thicker surface oxide layer. Screw-shaped implants were electropolished to remove all topographical remnants of the machining process, resulting in a thin spontaneously formed surface oxide layer and a smooth surface. Half of the implants were subsequently anodically oxidised to develop a thickened surface oxide layer and increased surface roughness. Despite substantial differences in the surface physicochemical properties, the microarchitecture and the composition of the newly formed bone were similar for both implant surfaces after 12 weeks of healing in rabbit tibia. A close spatial relationship was observed between osteocyte canaliculi and both implant surfaces. On the ultrastructural level, the merely electropolished surface showed the various stages of bone formation, for example, matrix deposition and mineralisation, entrapment of osteoblasts within the mineralised matrix, and their morphological transformation into osteocytes. The results demonstrate that titanium implants with a mirror-like surface and a thin, spontaneously formed oxide layer are able to support bone formation and remodelling.
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Gholami, Gholam Ali, Milad Karamlou, Reza Fekrazad, Farzin Ghanavati, Neda Hakimiha, and Georgios Romanos. "Comparison of the Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser and Super-Saturated Citric Acid on the Debridement of Contaminated Implant Surfaces." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2018.46.
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Introduction: Several techniques such as using citric acid, plastic curettes, ultrasonic devices, and lasers have been suggested for debridement of contaminated implant surfaces. This comparative investigation aimed to assess and compare the effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and super-saturated citric acid on the debridement of contaminated dental implant surfaces. Methods: In this in-vitro study, 12 contaminated failed implants were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups (6 in group A, and 6 in group B). Also, one implant was considered as the control. The implants were horizontally sectioned into coronal and apical portions and subsequently irradiated by Er, Cr: YSGG laser in coronal and citric acid in apical in group A and the opposite in group B. In order to evaluate the effect of water spray on the laser section, half the laser portion of the implants was irradiated using water, while the other half was irradiated without water with an irradiation time of 1 minute. Results: Results revealed that calculus and plaque removal was greater in the laser part of both groups (with and without water) compared to citric acid parts and the correlation between calculus removal and surface roughness were statistically significant. Furthermore, the surface roughness in the citric acid parts was significantly higher than in laser parts. Water spray during irradiation had a very small influence on understudy factors. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Er, Cr: YSGG laser was more effective in calculus removal and caused less surface roughness compared with citric acid application.
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Pfitzer, Anne, Jacqueline Wille, Jonesmus Wambua, Stacie C. Stender, Molly Strachan, Christine Maricha Ayuyo, Timothy F. Kibidi Muhavi, Valentino Wabwile, Supriya D. Mehta, and Elizabeth Sasser. "Contraceptive implant failures among women using antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study." Gates Open Research 3 (January 14, 2020): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12975.2.
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Background: Women living with HIV have the right to choose whether, when and how many children to have. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contraceptives, including implants, continues to increase in Kenya. Studies have reported drug-drug interactions leading to contraceptive failures among implant users on ART. This retrospective record review aimed to determine unintentional pregnancy rates among women 15-49 years of age, living with HIV and concurrently using implants and ART in western Kenya between 2011 and 2015. Methods: We reviewed charts of women with more than three months of concurrent implant and ART use. Implant failure was defined as implant removal due to pregnancy or birth after implant placement, but prior to scheduled removal date. The incidence of contraceptive failure was calculated by woman-years at risk, assuming a constant rate. Results: Data from 1,152 charts were abstracted, resulting in 1,190 implant and ART combinations. We identified 115 pregnancies, yielding a pregnancy incidence rate of 6.32 (5.27–7.59), with 9.26 among ETG and 4.74 among LNG implant users, respectively. Pregnancy incidence rates did not differ between EFV- and NVP-based regimens (IRR=1.00, CI: 0.71-1.43). No pregnancies were recorded among women on PI-based regimens, whereas pregnancy rates for efavirenz and nevirapine-containing regimens were similar, at 6.41 (4.70–8.73) and 6.44 (5.13–8.07), respectively. Pregnancy rates also differed significantly by implant type, with LNG implant users half as likely to experience pregnancy as ETG implant users (0.51, CI: 0.33-0.79, p>0.01). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the implications of drug-drug interaction on women’s choices for contraception.
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Fayzullin, Alexey, Semyon Churbanov, Natalia Ignatieva, Olga Zakharkina, Mark Tokarev, Daniil Mudryak, Yana Khristidis, et al. "Local Delivery of Pirfenidone by PLA Implants Modifies Foreign Body Reaction and Prevents Fibrosis." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080853.
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Peri-implant fibrosis (PIF) increases the postsurgical risks after implantation and limits the efficacy of the implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS). Pirfenidone (PF) is an oral anti-fibrotic drug with a short (<3 h) circulation half-life and strong adverse side effects. In the current study, disk-shaped IDDS prototype combining polylactic acid (PLA) and PF, PLA@PF, with prolonged (~3 days) PF release (in vitro) was prepared. The effects of the PLA@PF implants on PIF were examined in the rabbit ear skin pocket model on postoperative days (POD) 30 and 60. Matching blank PLA implants (PLA0) and PLA0 with an equivalent single-dose PF injection performed on POD0 (PLA0+injPF) served as control. On POD30, the intergroup differences were observed in α-SMA, iNOS and arginase-1 expressions in PLA@PF and PLA0+injPF groups vs. PLA0. On POD60, PIF was significantly reduced in PLA@PF group. The peri-implant tissue thickness decreased (532 ± 98 μm vs. >1100 μm in control groups) approaching the intact derma thickness value (302 ± 15 μm). In PLA@PF group, the implant biodegradation developed faster, while arginase-1 expression was suppressed in comparison with other groups. This study proves the feasibility of the local control of fibrotic response on implants via modulation of foreign body reaction with slowly biodegradable PF-loaded IDDS.
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Maia F., A. L. M., J. L. da Silva, F. P. M. do Amaral, A. A. Martin, A. O. Lobo, and L. E. S. Soares. "Morphological and chemical evaluation of bone with apatite-coated Al2O3 implants as scaffolds for bone repair." Cerâmica 59, no. 352 (December 2013): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132013000400007.
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The clinical challenge in the reconstruction of bone defects has stimulated several studies in search of alternatives to repair these defects. The ceramics are considered as synthetic scaffolds and are used in dentistry and orthopedics. This study aimed to evaluate by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), the influence of uncoated and apatite-coated Al2O3 implants on bone regeneration. Twelve samples of Al2O3 implants were prepared and half of this samples (n = 6) were apatite-coated by the modified biomimetic method and then the ceramic material were implanted in the tibia of rabbits. Three experimental groups were tested: Group C - control, surgery procedure without ceramic implant, Group Ce - uncoated Al2O3 implants (n = 6) and Group CeHA - apatite-coated Al2O3 implants (n = 6). The deposition of bone tissue was determined by measuring the weight content of Ca and P through surface mapping of bone-implant interface by µ-EDXRF and through point analysis by EDS. It was observed after thirty days of treatment a greater deposition of Ca and P in the group treated with CeHA (p <0.001) compared to group C. The results suggest that ceramic coated with hydroxyapatite (CeHA) can be an auxiliary to bone deposition in tibia defect model in rabbits.
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Palmquist, Anders, Kathryn Grandfield, Birgitta Norlindh, Torsten Mattsson, Rickard Brånemark, and Peter Thomsen. "Bone–titanium oxide interface in humans revealed by transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 67 (August 17, 2011): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0420.
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Osseointegration, the direct contact between an implant surface and bone tissue, plays a critical role in interfacial stability and implant success. Analysis of interfacial zones at the micro- and nano-levels is essential to determine the extent of osseointegration. In this paper, a series of state-of-the-art microscopy techniques are used on laser-modified implants retrieved from humans. Partially laser-modified implants were retrieved after two and a half months' healing and processed for light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed osseointegration, with bone tissue growing both towards and away from the implant surface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an intimate contact between mineralized bone and the laser-modified surface, including bone growth into the nano-structured oxide. This novel observation was verified by three-dimensional Z-contrast electron tomography, enabling visualization of an apatite layer, with different crystal direction compared with the apatite in the bone tissue, encompassing the nano-structured oxide. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the nano-scale osseointegration and bonding between apatite and surface-textured titanium oxide. These observations provide novel data in human specimens on the ultrastructure of the titanium–bone interface.
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Montero, Javier, Abraham Dib, Yasmina Guadilla, Javier Flores, Beatriz Pardal-Peláez, Norberto Quispe-López, and Cristina Gómez-Polo. "Functional and Patient-Centered Treatment Outcomes with Mandibular Overdentures Retained by Two Immediate or Conventionally Loaded Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163477.
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This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes (functional and subjective) of mandibular overdentures retained on two implants with or without an immediate loading protocol. In this randomized clinical trial, twenty fully edentulous patients were treated with a mandibular two-implant-retained overdenture and a complete new maxillary denture. In half of the sample, the implants were loaded immediately by means of VulkanLoc® abutments after emplacement of the implant, but in the counterparts, these VulkanLoc® abutments were connected to implants two months after the surgery (conventional protocol), and until that time the dentures were retained by healing abutments. Treatment outcomes were assessed at two, six, and twelve months after surgery. Functional outcomes were calculated according to masticatory performance, estimated by the mixed fraction of a two-coloured chewing gum after five, ten, and fifteen chewing strokes, by the occlusal force recorded by pressure-sensitive sheets, and by the bioelectrical muscular activity. The subjective outcomes of the treatment were assessed using both the oral satisfaction scale (visual analogue scale) and the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20). The findings of the present study show that new complete dentures resulted in significant improvements in chewing ability, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life and that subsequent implant-retained overdentures produced further and faster significant improvements. The loading protocol may influence those positive self-reported outcomes rather than the objective functional evaluations.
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Krizan, K. E., D. Lew, B. B. Farrell, J. E. Laffoon, and J. C. Keller. "Tissue Response to Bone Substitute Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008205.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the biological response to two bone substitute materials, hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) and demineralized bone (DMB), when placed in canine cranial bone. The implants were surgically positioned in 15 mm diameter defects created in the parietal plate, harvested en bloc at 3 months (m) and 6m postop, and fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol to preserve the xylenol orange bone label. Half of each implant site was processed into paraffin and the other half into Spurr plastic resin. In order to evaluate the osseoinductive properties of DMB, implants were also surgically placed in the rectus femorous muscle, harvested en bloc at 3m post op, fixed in 0.1 M Na phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, decalcified in 5% EDTA, pH 7.2, and embedded in plastic. All implants were evaluated with light microscopy (LM), radiography, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tissue for LM was routinely decalcified with SFFA, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin/eosin, and viewed with a Zeiss transmitted-light photomicroscope [Figs. 1, 2, 5].
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Fouda, Shaimaa M., Passant Ellakany, Marwa Madi, Osama Zakaria, Fahad A. Al-Harbi, and Maha El Tantawi. "Do Morphological Changes in the Anterior Mandibular Region Interfere with Standard Implant Placement? A Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Cross-Sectional Study." Scientific World Journal 2020 (December 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861301.
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Objective. To determine the morphological features in the anterior mandibular region, the presence of lingual foramen and canal dimensions in Saudi subjects that would interfere with standard implant placement. Methods. CBCT scans of patients seeking implant treatment were examined. Based on the dentition status, patients were categorized into edentulous (group I) and dentulous (group I). On the panoramic view, the distance between the two mental foramina was divided into vertical segments of 10 mm width. In each segment, vertical bone height and buccolingual thickness at three levels (alveolar crest, 5 mm, and 10 mm apical to the crest) were assessed. The lingual foramen prevalence and canal features were assessed as well. Comparisons between the two groups regarding the assessed parameters were performed using the t-test. The percentage of edentulous mandibles with thickness <6 mm corresponding to the standard implant diameter was also calculated. Results. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, group I consisted of 45 subjects and group II comprised 26 subjects. Bone height and thickness at the crestal level were significantly less in edentulous (I) than dentate mandibles (II) ( P < 0.0001 ). The lingual foramen was detected in 90% of patients. In both groups, males had significantly greater mandibular height than females ( P = 0.02 and 0.005). At the crestal level, the thickness was <6 mm in 50% of the anterior mandibular segments. Conclusion. Half of the edentulous patients may receive normal size implants in the anterior interforaminal segments, while the other half will be limited to narrow implants (3.5 mm and less). The lingual foramen location, canal size, and position may represent another limitation for implant placement in that segment.
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Godoy-Santos, Alexandre Leme, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Lauren Roberts, Taylor Cabe, Jonathan Deland, and Mark Drakos. "TL 18095 - The use of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implants in the lesser metatarsal heads. Is it safe?" Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, Supl 1 (November 11, 2019): 78S. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1057.
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Introduction: Treatment of lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthritis is challenging, and surgical options are scarce. The use of synthetic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implants in the treatment of lesser MTPJ arthritis may provide symptomatic relief. An essential technical limitation is that only 8 mm and 10 mm implants are currently available, potentially limiting their use in the lesser metatarsals. Objective: to evaluate the average dimensions of the lesser metatarsal heads using CT scans and anatomical dissections and to perform drilling of the heads, aiming to assess the largest implant that could be safely used. Methods: The height and width of all lesser metatarsals were measured on CT and during anatomic dissection. Sequential reaming of the second to fourth metatarsals was performed. The maximum reaming size, largest implant inserted, and failure of the metatarsal head were recorded. Metatarsal head sizes were compared, and a multiple regression analysis evaluated measurements that influenced maximum drilling and implant size. Results: CT and anatomical measurements demonstrated a significant correlation (ICC range, 0.63 to 0.85). Mean values for the height and width of the metatarsal heads respectively were as follows: second (14.9 mm and 9.9 mm), third (14.8 mm and 8.8 mm), fourth (14.0 mm and 8.7 mm) and fifth (12.3 mm and 9.3 mm). All the second, third and fourth metatarsal heads could be safely drilled up to 7.5 mm, preserving an intact bone rim. During 80% of the time, the heads could be safely drilled up to 8.0 mm. The height of the metatarsal heads was the only factor to significantly influence the size of maximum reaming and the introduced implant. In 20%, 40% and 50% of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal heads, respectively, neither 8 mm nor 10 mm PVAH implants could be used. Conclusion: Our cadaveric study found that even though the majority of the lesser metatarsal heads could be safely drilled up to 8 mm, the smallest PVAH implant size currently available in most countries (8 mm) could be inserted in most of the second but only in about half of the third and fourth metatarsal heads. The remaining bone rim around the inserted implants was considerably thin, usually measuring less than 1 mm. To optimize the use PVAH in lesser metatarsal heads, smaller implant options are needed.
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Berley, Joel, Seiichi Yamano, and Cortino Sukotjo. "The Effect of Systemic Nicotine on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in the Rat Femur." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00050.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether high levels of plasma nicotine, delivered via subcutaneously placed mini-osmotic pumps, had an effect on bone development and osseointegration of a titanium implant in rat femurs in both the short and long term. In this study, we hypothesized that systemic nicotine may not affect bone development, but may affect osseointegration in both the short and long term. Thirty rats were assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) was subdivided into 2 groups, which both received nicotine during the duration of the experiment. Half of the group (n = 5) was sacrificed at 2 weeks after implant placement, and the other half (n = 5) was sacrificed at 4 weeks after implant placement. Group 2 (n = 10) was treated identically; however, this group was given saline placebo rather than nicotine. Nicotine/saline was administered via subcutaneous mini-osmotic pumps. Serum analysis was assessed biweekly and weight was assessed weekly. Implant placement consisted of mini-implant placement in the femur of the rats under general anesthesia. After sacrifice, the femurs were harvested and analyzed. Biomechanical push-in test was used to determine the degree of osseointegration by evaluating the breakpoint load. Micro-CT was performed on the femurs of the remaining 10 rats to determine the bone density and architecture. Micro-CT showed no significant difference in bone morphometric analysis. Push-in test showed significant difference in axial load force required to dislodge the implant between the nicotine-treated and control rats both at 2 and at 4 weeks after implant placement. The evidence indicates that while there was no significant difference in bone development and remodeling with exposure to systemic nicotine, there was a significant difference in bone wound healing, specifically with the osseointegration of titanium implants at both 2 and 4 weeks after implant placement. In conclusion, systemic nicotine may have a significant impact on the osseointegration of implants in the rat femur. Additional studies need to be conducted to further understand the specific way in which nicotine adversely affects wound healing on the molecular level.
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Guastaldi, Fernando P. S., Daniel Yoo, Charles Marin, Ryo Jimbo, Nick Tovar, Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa, and Paulo G. Coelho. "Plasma Treatment Maintains Surface Energy of the Implant Surface and Enhances Osseointegration." International Journal of Biomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/354125.
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The surface energy of the implant surface has an impact on osseointegration. In this study, 2 surfaces: nonwashed resorbable blasting media (NWRBM; control) and Ar-based nonthermal plasma 30 days (Plasma 30 days; experimental), were investigated with a focus on the surface energy. The surface energy was characterized by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method and the chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Five adult beagle dogs received 8 implants (n=2per surface, per tibia). After 2 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and half of the implants (n=20) were removal torqued and the other half were histologically processed (n=20). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated on the histologic sections. The XPS analysis showed peaks of C, Ca, O, and P for the control and experimental surfaces. While no significant difference was observed for BIC parameter (P>0.75), a higher level for torque (P<0.02) and BAFO parameter (P<0.01) was observed for the experimental group. The surface elemental chemistry was modified by the plasma and lasted for 30 days after treatment resulting in improved biomechanical fixation and bone formation at 2 weeks compared to the control group.
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Rivero, M. Jordana, Luis Araya, Marcelo Oyarzo, Andrew S. Cooke, Sarah A. Morgan, and Veronica M. Merino. "Efficacy of Hormonal Growth Promoter Implants on the Performance of Grazing Steers of Different Breeds in Southern Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 9135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169135.
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Increasing demands for land is necessitating the optimisation of grazing land used for livestock production. Hormonal growth promoter implants (HGPI) are widely used to improve cattle performance and thus land-use efficiency. However, there is limited information on their efficacy in grazing systems. Forty grazing steers, 10 of each breed (Angus, Hereford, Holstein, Overo Colorado), had growth rates monitored for 85 days after which half received HGPI and half continued as a control. Growth rates were monitored for an additional 61 days and performance between the groups compared. Implants had a significant impact on liveweight gain (LWG; p = 0.013), and whilst breed did not (p = 0.65), there was an interaction effect of breed × treatment (p = 0.029). For three of the four breeds, the LWG was greater in the implant group (mean +14.3%). The exception was for Holstein steers which did not respond to the implant. In general, HGPI were found to be effective in increasing LWG of grazing cattle and thus has the potential to increase yield densities and relieve pressures of land use and competition. The efficacy may be affected by breed and other extraneous factors not covered in this study. Furthermore, the use of HGPI must be carefully considered in a wider context since its use might have secondary impacts.
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Peters, Walter. "The Evolution of Breast Implants." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 10, no. 5 (December 2002): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030201000508.
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The present review traces the evolution of breast implants over the past 50 years. During the early years (from 1951 to 1962), a number of different sponges were used for breast augmentation. The first of these was Ivalon, a polyvinyl alcohol sponge. Other sponges were introduced subsequently, including Etheron (a poly-ether sponge popularized by Dr Paule Regnault in Montreal) and Polystan (fabric tapes that were wound into a ball). Subsequently, polyethylene strips enclosed in a fabric or polyethylene casing were also used for breast augmentation. All of these materials had similar outcomes. Although the initial results were encouraging, within one year of augmentation, breasts became very firm and lost over 25% of their volume. This was due to capsular contracture, a process that would lead to the collapse of the sponge and would continue to plague plastic surgeons and their patients for the next 50 years. In 1963, Cronin and Gerow introduced the silicone gel ‘natural feel’ implant, which revolutionized breast augmentation surgery. Approximately 10 companies have manufactured many types of silicone gel breast implants over the years. They obtained their raw materials for gels and shells from a similar number of other companies that entered and left the market at intervals. Many of the suppliers and manufactures changed their names and ownership over the years, and most of the companies no longer exist. No formal process of United States Food and Drug Administration premarket testing was in effect until 1988. There have been three generations of gel implants and a number of other lesser variations. First-generation implants (1963 to 1972) had a thick gel and a thick wall. They have generally remained intact over the years. Second-generation implants (1973 to the mid-1980s) had a thin gel and a thin wall. They have tended to disrupt over time. Third-generation implants (mid-1980s to 1992) had a thick wall and a thick gel. Except for those made by Surgitek, these implants remain intact. The breast implant business was competitive and companies introduced changes such as softer gels; barrier low-bleed shells; greater or lesser shell thickness; surface texturing; different sizes, contours and shapes; and multiple lumens in search of better aesthetics. Ultimately, more than 240 styles and 8300 models of silicone gel breast implants were manufactured in the United States alone. Inflatable breast implants were introduced in Toulons, France in 1965 (the Simaplast implant). There have been three main eras of inflatable implants: seamed, high-temperature vulcanized and room temperature vulcanized implants. In 1973, spontaneous deflation rates of 76% to 88% over three years were reported for many types of inflatable implants. Because of this, most plastic surgeons abandoned their use. From 1963 until the moratorium on gel implants (January 6, 1992), about 95% of all breast implants inserted were silicone gel filled. Only 5% were saline filled. Since the moratorium, this ratio has been reversed and 95% of all implants have been saline-filled, with only 5% being gel filled. Polyurethane-coated (PU) silicone gel implants were introduced in 1968. Over the next 20 years, they were shown to reduce the prevalence of capsular contracture to 2% to 3%. Other forms of surface texturing (Biocell, Siltex, multistructured implant) also appear to reduce capsular contracture with gel implants, but the reduction has been much less dramatic than that seen with PU implants. Contoured (anatomical) shaping appears to have advantages in some patients with gel implants. No such advantage has been seen for texturing or shaping with saline-filled implants. The story of gel implants has culminated in the largest class action lawsuit in medical history, with US$4.2 billion being awarded to women with silicone gel implants. During the past decade, there has been a tremendous amount of research on the reaction of a woman's body to gel implants. A plethora of studies have demonstrated that silicone gel implants are not associated with the development of any medical diseases. Silicone gel-filled implants have therefore been approved for use under Health Canada's Special Access Program. Silicone gel-filled implants may now be used in certain patients in whom they would provide advantages over saline implants. Silicone gel implants have not been approved for unrestricted general use. The evolution of breast implants occupies the past half century. It has been a stormy course, with many exciting advances and many bitter disappointments. The universe of breast implants is large and the variation among the implants is substantial. The purpose of the present review is to trace the evolution of breast implants over the past 50 years.
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Montero, Javier. "A Review of the Major Prosthetic Factors Influencing the Prognosis of Implant Prosthodontics." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040816.
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Background: The treatment plan of prosthetic restorations supported by dental implants requires comprehensive scientific knowledge to deliver prostheses with good prognosis, even before the implant insertion. This review aims to analyze the main prosthetic determinants of the prognosis of implant-supported prostheses. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted with a PICO (Patient Intervention Comparison Outcomes) question: “For partially or complete edentulous subjects treated with implant-supported prostheses, which prosthetic factors could affect clinical outcomes?”. A literature search was performed electronically in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Cochrane Library with the following equation [PROGNOS * OR RISK] FACTOR IMPLANT DENTAL, and by hand search in relevant journals and throughout the selected papers. Results: This revision was carried out based on 50 papers focused on several prosthodontics-related risk factors that were grouped as follows: implant-connection, loading protocol, transmucosal abutments, prosthetic fit, provisionalization, type of retention, impression technique, fabrication technique, and occlusion. More than a half of the studies were systematic reviews (30%), meta-analysis (16%), or prospective evaluations of prosthesis with various kinds of events (18%). However, narrative reviews of literature (14%) and in vitro/animal studies (16%) were also found. Conclusions: The current literature provides insufficient evidence for most of the investigated topics. However, based on the accumulated data, it seems reasonable to defend that the best treatment approach is the use of morse taper implants with transmucosal abutments, recorded by means of rigidly splinted copings through the pick-up technique, and screwed by milled prosthesis occlusally adjusted to minimize functional overloading.
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Gehrke, Sergio Alexandre, Silvio Taschieri, Massimo Del Fabbro, and Paulo Guilherme Coelho. "Positive Biomechanical Effects of Titanium Oxide for Sandblasting Implant Surface as an Alternative to Aluminium Oxide." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00019.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and the in vivo host response of a surface sandblasted with particles of titanium oxide (TiO2) followed by acid etching as an alternative to aluminium oxide. Thirty titanium disks manufactured in the same conditions as the implants and 24 conventional cylindrical implants were used. Half of the implants had a machined surface (Gcon) while in the other half; the surface was treated with particles of TiO2 followed by acid etching (Gexp). Surface characterization was assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), profilometry, and wettability. For the in vivo test, 12 implants of each group were implanted in the tibia of 6 rabbits, and were reverse torque tested after periods of 30 or 60 days after implantation. Following torque, SEM was utilized to assess residual bone-implant contact. The surface characterization by SEM showed a very homogeneous surface with uniform irregularities for Gexp and a small amount of residues of the blasting procedure, while Gcon presented a surface with minimal irregularities from the machining tools. Wettability test showed decreased contact angle for the Gcon relative to the Gexp. The Gexp removal torque at 30 and 60 days was 28.7%, and 33.2% higher relative to the Gcon, respectively. Blasting the surface with particles of TiO2 represents an adequate option for the surface treatment of dental implants, with minimal risk of contamination by the residual debris from the blasting procedure.
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Tyler, Richard S. "Patient Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Tinnitus Treatments." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 02 (February 2012): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.2.6.
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Purpose: There will likely be several different tinnitus treatments necessary, and it is important to understand patient preferences and factors that might contribute to treatment acceptability. This study explores the acceptability of a wide range of different tinnitus treatments, from noninvasive wearable devices to surgically implanted devices in the brain. Understanding how tinnitus sufferers consider and rank such options and how they might be influenced by their own perception of the severity of their tinnitus could help clinicians, researchers, and companies plan future efforts for approaching new treatments. Data Collection and Analysis: 197 tinnitus self-help group attendees rated their acceptance of treatments on a scale from 0 (not acceptable) to 100 (fully acceptable). The treatments included external devices, medications, cochlear implants, an implant on the brain surface, and an implant in the brain. They were also asked how much they would pay for successful treatments. Results: There was a significant correlation between loudness and annoyance (r = .78). To reduce tinnitus by half, an “acceptable” response between 91 and 100 was reported by 30% of the respondents for devices, by 52% for pills, by 25% for cochlear implants, by 13% for implants on the brain surface, and by 13% for implants in the brain. To reduce tinnitus completely, a 91–100 acceptable response was reported by 42% for devices, by 62% for pills, by 38% for cochlear implants, by 21% for implants on the brain surface, and by 19% for implants in the brain. To reduce tinnitus completely, participants most commonly selected to pay at least $5000, and 20.3% were willing to pay as much as $25,000. The ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance were positively correlated with the likelihood of using any treatment. Surprisingly, there was a weak relationship between annoyance and the amount they were willing to pay. Conclusions: Tinnitus patients are prepared to accept a wide variety of treatments. Medications are the most acceptable. Invasive procedures can also be acceptable to many, particularly if they provide complete relief.
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Abbassian, Ali, Balarama Datla, and RA Brooks. "Detection of Orthopaedic Implants by Airport Metal Detectors." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 3 (April 2007): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588407x179026.
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INTRODUCTION We performed a questionnaire study to establish the frequency and consequences of the detection of orthopaedic implants by airport security and to help us advise patients correctly. All published literature on this subject is based on experimental studies and no ‘real-life’ data are available. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 200 patients with a variety of implants were identified. All patients were sent a postal questionnaire enquiring about their experience with airport security since their surgery. RESULTS Of the cohort, 154 (77%) patients responded. About half of the implants (47%) were detected, but the majority of patients (72%) were not significantly inconvenienced. When detected, only 9% of patients were asked for documentary evidence of their implant. We also found that patients with a total knee replacement (TKR) had a greater chance of detection as compared to those with a total hip replacement (THR; 71% versus 31%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS All patients, and in particular those with a TKR, can be re-assured that, although they have a fair chance of detection by airport security, a major disruption to their journey is unlikely. We advise that documentation to prove the presence of an orthopaedic implant should be offered to those who are concerned about the potential for inconvenience, but such documentation is not required routinely.