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Journal articles on the topic 'Halogen esters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Lear, Yvonne, and Tony Durst. "Synthesis of regiospecifically substituted 2-hydroxybenzocyclobutenones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 6 (1997): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-098.

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Regiospecifically substituted 2-hydroxybenzocyclobutenones were synthesized from the corresponding TBS protected 2-bromo-mandelate esters via halogen–metal exchange, cyclization, and subsequent deprotection. Keywords: 2-hydroxybenzocyclobutenones, halogen–metal exchange, benzocyclobutenediones, 2-bromomandelate esters.

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2

Sun, Jiaqiong, Yunliang Guo, Jiuli Xia, Guangfan Zheng, and Qian Zhang. "Catalyst-Free Trans-Selective Oxyiodination and Oxychlorination of Alkynes Employing N–X (Halogen) Reagents." Molecules 28, no. 21 (2023): 7420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217420.

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β-halogenated enol esters and ethers are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, which has attracted increasing attention. In this study, we report the facile trans-oxyiodination and oxychlorination of alkynes, leading to the direct construction of versatile halogenated enol esters and ethers. This transformation features an easy operation, optimal atomic economy, a strong functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and excellent trans-selectivity. Employing highly electrophilic bifunctional N–X (halogen) reagents was the key to achieving broad reaction generality. To our knowle

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3

Grossert, J. Stuart, Pramod K. Dubey та Tom Elwood. "The reactions of some α-halo-β-ketosulfones with hard and soft nucleophiles. A preparation of sulfinate esters". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, № 6 (1985): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-215.

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The α-halo-β-ketosulfonyl functionality was attacked by ethanethiolate at the halogen which, in the presence of a proton source, usually resulted in reduction to the β-ketosulfone. A range of other soft nucleophiles did not react, whereas hard nucleophiles invariably attacked at the carbonyl, with subsequent cleavage to α-halosulfones. Ambident arylsulfinate anions usually attacked at halogen to form the sulfonyl halide, which reacted with excess sulfinate to give an intermediate that is readily attacked by alcohols. This reaction resulted in the formation of alkyl arylsulfinate esters in reas

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4

Rajakumar, K., D. A. Zherebtsov, S. А. Nayfert, A. А. Osipov, S. A. Adonin, and D. V. Spiridonova. "Structure of inorganic compounds halogen bonds in derivatives of 2,5-diiod-1,4-dimethylbenzene." Kristallografiâ 69, no. 4 (2024): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0023476124040062.

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The synthesis of 1,4-di(bromomethyl)-2,5-diiodo-benzene (1), diacetate of 2,5-diiodo–1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)benzene (2) and diiodide of 1,1’-[(2,5-diiodo-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene)]dipyridinium (3) is described and their crystallographic data are given. All three crystal structures are characterized by the stacked packing of planar molecules and the presence of halogen bonds I–Br, I–O, and I–I, respectively. The number of halogen bonds is maximum in compound 1: two I–Br bonds for each halogen atom. Compounds 2 and 3 contain one halogen bond per halogen atom, but they are significantly shorter

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5

Kamal, Kulsoom, Hardesh K. Maurya, Atul Gupta та Prema G. Vasudev. "Crystal structures of four δ-keto esters and a Cambridge Structural Database analysis of cyano–halogen interactions". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, № 10 (2015): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615017106.

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The revived interest in halogen bonding as a tool in pharmaceutical cocrystals and drug design has indicated that cyano–halogen interactions could play an important role. The crystal structures of four closely related δ-keto esters, which differ only in the substitution at a single C atom (by H, OMe, Cl and Br), are compared, namely ethyl 2-cyano-5-oxo-5-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C19H22N2O3, (1), ethyl 2-cyano-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C20H24N2O4, (2), ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyano-5-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C19H21ClN2O3, (3), and t

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6

Kamble, Vidya Viswas, and Nikhil Babruvan Gaikwad. "FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES IN EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F.: A VULNERABLE MEDICINAL PLANT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 9 (2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.13804.

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ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to identify the functional group present in the crude powder and various solvent extracts of Embelia ribesBurm. f. stem, leaves, and berries through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Methods: Different plant parts of E. ribes were collected shade dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether. Theseextracts were used to detect the characteristic peak values and their functional groups using FTIR method on a OMNI sampler attenuated totalreflectance accessory on a JASCO FTIR spectrophotometer (FTIR‐4600).Result

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7

Anitha, Mandala, та K. C. Kumara Swamy. "Highly functionalised (γ-azido/γ-fluoro-β-iodo/)vinyl derivatives from phosphorus based allenes or allenoates: I⋯O halogen bonding interactions". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, № 23 (2019): 5736–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00715f.

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γ-Azido/γ-fluoro-β-iodo-vinyl phosphine oxides/phosphonates/esters/sulphone and a γ-diodoallene were synthesised from phosphorus-based allenes or allenoates or a sulphur based allene; in many cases, I⋯O halogen bonding is observed in the solid state.

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8

Pattison, Graham, and George R. A. Garratt. "Formation of Boron Enolates by Nucleophilic Substitution." Synlett 31, no. 17 (2020): 1656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707181.

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Enolates have proven to be one of the key building blocks available to the synthetic chemist. Here we summarize a novel strategy for their preparation, involving the addition of α-borylated nucleophiles to esters to yield boron enolates. The enolates prepared by the addition of lithiated geminal bis(boron) compounds to esters can be trapped with two equivalents of halogen and alkyl electrophiles to yield α,α-difunctionalized compounds.1 Introduction2 Ketone Difunctionalization3 Boron Enolates by Coupling4 Towards Sequential Trapping5 Summary and Outlook

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9

Semak, Vladislav, Thomas A. Metcalf, Mary Ann A. Endoma-Arias, Pavel Mach, and Tomas Hudlicky. "Toluene dioxygenase mediated oxidation of halogen-substituted benzoate esters." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 10, no. 22 (2012): 4407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ob25202c.

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10

Agafonova, Anastasiya V., Ilia A. Smetanin, Nikolai V. Rostovskii, Alexander F. Khlebnikov, and Mikhail S. Novikov. "Easy Access to 2-Fluoro- and 2-Iodo-2H-azirines via the Halex Reaction." Synthesis 51, no. 24 (2019): 4582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690200.

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A simple gram-scale method for the preparation of esters and dialkylamides of 2-(fluoro/iodo)-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acids via the halogen exchange (Halex) reaction of 2-bromo-substituted analogues is reported. The method operates with inexpensive and safe reagents, Bu4NF and potassium iodide, providing high product yields. Alternatively, 2-fluoro-2H-azirine-2-carboxylates can be prepared from 2-iodo- and 2-chloro-analogues. The latter compounds can be obtained in practically quantitative yield by treating the 2-iodo- and 2-bromo-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic esters with Bu4NCl.

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11

Yoshida, Yasushi, Tatsuya Ao, Takashi Mino, and Masami Sakamoto. "Chiral Bromonium Salt (Hypervalent Bromine(III)) with N-Nitrosamine as a Halogen-Bonding Bifunctional Catalyst." Molecules 28, no. 1 (2023): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010384.

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There has been a great focus on halogen-bonding as a unique interaction between electron-deficient halogen atoms with Lewis basic moieties. Although the application of halogen-bonded atoms in organic chemistry has been eagerly researched in these decades, the development of chiral molecules with halogen-bonding functionalities and their utilization in asymmetric catalysis are still in the\ir infancy. We have previously developed chiral halonium salts with amide functionalities, which behaved as excellent catalysts albeit in only two reactions due to the lack of substrate activation abilities.

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12

Dikusar, E. A. "Halogen-containing Aromatic Azomethines Derived from Vanillin and Vanillal Esters." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 75, no. 12 (2005): 1939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11176-006-0018-y.

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13

Sun, Binlong, Xiaoyu Tian, Sen Yang, et al. "TBPEH-TBPB Initiate the Radical Addition of Benzaldehyde and Allyl Esters." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (2022): 13704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213704.

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Tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate (TBPEH) and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) promote the radical acylation of allyl ester with benzaldehyde to synthesize new carbonyl-containing compounds under solvent-free and metal-free conditions. This reaction is compatible with electron-donating and halogen groups and has excellent atom utilization and chemical selectivity. Furthermore, the synthetic compounds can further apply to the preparation of lactone, piperidine, tetrazole and oxazole.

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14

Palermo, Valeria, Diego M. Ruiz, Juan C. Autino, Patricia G. Vázquez, and Gustavo P. Romanelli. "Simple halogen-free synthesis of aryl cinnamates using Mo-Keggin heteropoly acids as catalyst." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 3 (2011): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-06-05.

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A convenient chlorine-free procedure for the direct esterification of cinnamic acids with phenols is described. The method does not require stoichiometric activation of the carboxyl group with thionyl chloride or condensing reagents. The methodology is very simple, environmentally friendly, and high-yielding for both electron-releasing and -withdrawing substituted phenols. The Keggin heteropoly acids H3PMo12O40 and H4SiMo12O40 were employed as catalyst in simple bulk form. The effects of temperature, reaction time, and amount of the catalyst used on the ester yield were checked. Suitable condi

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15

Yoshida, Yasuo, Osamu Furusawa, and Yoshikazu Kimura. "A convenient synthesis of fluorobenzoic acid esters via direct halogen exchange." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 53, no. 2 (1991): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)82349-0.

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16

Cao, Yu-Qing, Bao-Hua Chen, and Ben-Gao Pei. "CYANIDATION OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS AND ESTERS CATALYZED BY PEG400 WITHOUT SOLVENT." Synthetic Communications 31, no. 14 (2001): 2203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-100104474.

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17

DeWeese, Adam D., and T. Wayne Schultz. "Structure-activity relationships for aquatic toxicity toTetrahymena: Halogen-substituted aliphatic esters." Environmental Toxicology 16, no. 1 (2001): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<54::aid-tox60>3.0.co;2-m.

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18

Pan, Shixiang, Wenhao Li, Yaoguo Qin, et al. "Discovery of Novel Potential Aphid Repellents: Geranic Acid Esters Containing Substituted Aromatic Rings." Molecules 27, no. 18 (2022): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185949.

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Aphids are one of the most damaging agricultural pests. For the sake of novel eco-friendly compounds with good activity for aphid control, a series of novel geranic acid esters containing substituted aromatic rings were designed by inverting ester groups of lead compounds. All compounds were characterized by HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. In order to identify the effect of inversion ester groups on activity, a bioassay was conducted. The results showed that the repellent activity against Acyrthosiphon pisum (A. pisum) and the binding affinity with the odorant-binding protein 9 from A. pisum (ApisO

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19

Matsumoto, Akikazu, Toshihiro Tanaka, Takashi Tsubouchi, Kohji Tashiro, Seishi Saragai та Shinsuke Nakamoto. "Crystal Engineering for Topochemical Polymerization of Muconic Esters Using Halogen−Halogen and CH/π Interactions as Weak Intermolecular Interactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, № 30 (2002): 8891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0205333.

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20

Kapadia, Pradeep P., Dale C. Swenson, and F. Christopher Pigge. "Influence of Halogen Bonding Interactions in Crystalline Networks of Tetraarylethylene Halobenzoyl Esters." Crystal Growth & Design 12, no. 2 (2012): 698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg200986v.

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21

Cooke, Manning P. "Metal-halogen exchange-initiated intramolecular conjugate addition reactions of conjugated acetylenic esters." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 24 (1993): 6833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00076a053.

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22

Cooke, Manning P., and D. Gopal. "Tandem metal-halogen exchange-initiated conjugate addition reactions of conjugated acetylenic esters." Journal of Organic Chemistry 59, no. 1 (1994): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00080a048.

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23

Liu, Zixuan. "Michael addition reaction and its examples." Applied and Computational Engineering 24, no. 6 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/24/ojs/20230669.

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Michael addition reaction refers to the conjugate addition reaction of carbocation to α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitrile, nitro compounds, etc. The reaction is an essential organic reaction, and it is used in organic synthesis to grow carbon chains and synthesize organic compounds with various functional groups. As one of the most valuable organic synthesis reactions, it is one of the most common ways to construct carbon-carbon bonds. This paper analyzes the mechanisms and the theories of some common Michael addition reactions. It also includes an example of

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24

Liu, Zixuan. "Michael addition reaction and its examples." Applied and Computational Engineering 24, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/24/20230669.

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Michael addition reaction refers to the conjugate addition reaction of carbocation to , -unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitrile, nitro compounds, etc. The reaction is an essential organic reaction, and it is used in organic synthesis to grow carbon chains and synthesize organic compounds with various functional groups. As one of the most valuable organic synthesis reactions, it is one of the most common ways to construct carbon-carbon bonds. This paper analyzes the mechanisms and the theories of some common Michael addition reactions. It also includes an example of t

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25

Yurawecz, Martin P. "2-Chloroethyl Fatty Acid Esters as Indicators of 2-Chloroethanol in Black Walnuts, Seasoning Mixes, and Spices." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 6 (1987): 1011–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.6.1011.

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Abstract Residues of 2-chloroethyl fatty acid esters (CEEs) and 2-chloroethanol (ECH), by-products of ethylene oxide fumigation, were determined in black walnuts, seasoning mixes, and spices. Extracts containing ECH and CEE were cleaned up by previously described procedures, and residue levels were quantitatively determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a halogen-selective electrolytic conductivity detector. All food products that contained CEE residues also contained ECH. ECH residues ranged from &lt;0.2 to 880 ppm and were &lt;0.2-7 times the CEE levels found.

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26

YOSHIDA, Y., O. FURUSAWA, and Y. KIMURA. "ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Fluorobenzoic Acid Esters via Direct Halogen Exchange." ChemInform 23, no. 13 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199213169.

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27

Cao, Yu-Qing, Bao-Hua Chen, and Ben-Gao Pei. "ChemInform Abstract: Cyanidation of Halogen Compounds and Esters Catalyzed by PEG400 Without Solvent." ChemInform 32, no. 45 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200145067.

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28

Chotana, Ghayoor, Tayyaba Shahzadi, and Rahman Saleem. "Facile Synthesis of Halogen Decorated para-/meta-Hydroxybenzoates by Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Oxidation." Synthesis 50, no. 21 (2018): 4336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610538.

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Hydroxybenzoates are an important class of phenols that are widely used as preservatives and antiseptics in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this report, a facile preparation of 2,6- and 2,3-disubstituted 4/5-hydroxybenzoates by iridium-catalyzed borylation of respective disubstituted benzoate esters followed by oxidation is described. This synthetic route allows for the incorporation of halogens in the final hydroxybenzoates with substitution patterns not readily accessible by the traditional routes of aromatic functionalization.

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29

Guha, Somraj, and Govindasamy Sekar. "Metal‐Free Halogen(I) Catalysts for the Oxidation of Aryl(heteroaryl)methanes to Ketones or Esters: Selectivity Control by Halogen Bonding." Chemistry – A European Journal 24, no. 53 (2018): 14171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201801717.

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30

Khlebnikov, Alexander F., Mikhail S. Novikov, and Rafael R. Kostikov. "Ylides from dihalocarbenes and esters of N-benzhydrylidene amino acids: halogen-dependent reaction pathways." Mendeleev Communications 7, no. 4 (1997): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc1997v007n04abeh000797.

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31

Chuvatkin, N. N., and L. S. Boguslavskaya. "Specific features of selective fluorination of bromosubstituted esters by halogen fluorides and the system." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 58, no. 2-3 (1992): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80822-2.

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32

COOKE, M. P. JUN. "ChemInform Abstract: Metal-Halogen Exchange-Initiated Intramolecular Conjugate Addition Reactions of Conjugated Acetylenic Esters." ChemInform 25, no. 12 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199412084.

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33

COOKE, M. P. JUN, and D. GOPAL. "ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Metal-Halogen Exchange-Initiated Conjugate Addition Reactions of Conjugated Acetylenic Esters." ChemInform 25, no. 23 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199423062.

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34

Wang, Fei, Yoshihiro Nishimoto та Makoto Yasuda. "Indium-Catalyzed Formal Carbon–Halogen Bond Insertion: Synthesis of α-Halo-α,α-disubstituted Esters from Benzylic Halides and Diazo Esters". Organic Letters 24, № 8 (2022): 1706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00343.

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35

Panagopoulos, Anastasios, Konstantina Alipranti, Kyriaki Mylona, et al. "Exploration of the DNA Photocleavage Activity of O-Halo-phenyl Carbamoyl Amidoximes: Studies of the UVA-Induced Effects on a Major Crop Pest, the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci." DNA 3, no. 2 (2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dna3020006.

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The DNA photocleavage effect of halogenated O-carbamoyl derivatives of 4-MeO-benzamidoxime under UVB and UVA irradiation was studied in order to identify the nature, position, and number of halogens on the carbamoyl moiety that ensure photoactivity. F, Cl, and Br-phenyl carbamate esters (PCME) exhibited activity with the p-Cl-phenyl derivative to show excellent photocleavage against pBR322 plasmid DNA. m-Cl-PCME has diminished activity, whereas the presence of two halogen atoms reduced DNA photocleavage. The substitution on the benzamidoxime scaffold was irrelevant to the activity. The mechani

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36

Skomorokhov, M. Yu, and Yu N. Klimochkin. "ChemInform Abstract: Halogen Addition to Esters of 7-Methylenebicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-en-3-ol." ChemInform 33, no. 17 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200217078.

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37

De Buyck, L., H. De Pooter та N. Schamp. "Hexachlorodimedone: Ring opening and intramolecular substitution of halogen. Preparation of γ,δ-Diketoacids and Esters". Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 97, № 5 (2010): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19880970509.

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38

Dar'in, D. V., А. Yu Ivanov, and P. S. Lobanov. "Cyclocondensation of Ethyl (imidazolidine-2-ylidene)acetate with Aromatic Esters Bearing Labile Halogen inortho-Position." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 52, no. 4 (2014): 1192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2229.

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39

van Alphen, J. "Substituted 2-phenylazocrotonic acid esters: (The reaction between α-halogen ketones and phenylhydrazine derivatives II )". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 64, № 11 (2010): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19450641103.

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40

Levshin, Igor B., Alexander Y. Simonov, Sergey N. Lavrenov, et al. "Antifungal Thiazolidines: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Mycosidine Congeners." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050563.

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Novel derivatives of Mycosidine (3,5-substituted thiazolidine-2,4-diones) are synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation and reactions of thiazolidines with chloroformates or halo-acetic acid esters. Furthermore, 5-Arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones and their 2-thioxo analogs containing halogen and hydroxy groups or di(benzyloxy) substituents in 5-benzylidene moiety are tested for antifungal activity in vitro. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit high antifungal activity, both fungistatic and fungicidal, and lead to morphological changes in the Candida yeast cell wall. Based on the use of limi

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41

Dembitsky, V. M., G. A. Tolstikov та M. Srebnik. "Boranes in Organic Chemistry 1. α-Carbonylalkyl- and β-Oxyalkylboranes in Organic Synthesis". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, № 2 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj522.

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<p>This review is devoted to the synthesis of a-carbonylalkyl- and β-hydroxy-alkyl boranes and their use in organic synthesis. a-Carbonyl-alkylboranes include several heteroatomic compounds, in particular, [1.2.3]-diazaborinines, uracyl boronic acids, and [1.2.3.4]-diaza-diboretes. The latter type has been obtained by the ketene aminoborations. The reactions of halogenboranes with diazoesters and sulfur ylides resulting in formation of a-carbonyl alkylborates containing diazofunction or ylide structural fragment are described. Amino and halogen boration of acetylenic acid esters was also

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42

KHLEBNIKOV, A. F., M. S. NOVIKOV, and R. R. KOSTIKOV. "ChemInform Abstract: Ylides from Dihalocarbenes and Esters of N-Benzhydrylidene Amino Acids: Halogen-Dependent Reaction Pathways." ChemInform 28, no. 49 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199749056.

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43

Li, Peng-Fei, Elisa I. Carrera, and Dwight S. Seferos. "Synthesis of Diphenylchalcogenophene Diboronic Acid Bis(pinacol) Esters and Halogen Photoelimination from Tellurium by Triplet-Triplet Annihilation." ChemPlusChem 81, no. 9 (2016): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201600335.

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44

Lee, Ai-Wei, Pao-Lung Chang, Shien-Kuei Liaw, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen. "Inflammation-Responsive Nanovalves of Polymer-Conjugated Dextran on a Hole Array of Silicon Substrate for Controlled Antibiotic Release." Polymers 14, no. 17 (2022): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173611.

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Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were tethered on a silicon surface possessing a 500-nm hole array via atom transfer radical polymerization after the modification of the halogen group. Dextran-biotin (DB) was sequentially immobilized on the PMAA chains to obtain a P(MAA-DB) brush surrounding the hole edges on the silicon surface. After loading antibiotics inside the holes, biphenyl-4,4′-diboronic acid (BDA) was used to cross-link the P(MAA-DB) chains through the formation of boronate esters to cap the hole and block the release of the antibiotics. The boronate esters were disassociated wi

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45

Tănase, Constantin, Lucia Pintilie, and Raluca Elena Tănase. "Lactones in the Synthesis of Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Analogs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041572.

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In the total stereo-controlled synthesis of natural prostaglandins (PGs) and their structural analogs, a vast class of compounds and drugs, known as the lactones, are encountered in a few key steps to build the final molecule, as: δ-lactones, γ-lactones, and 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-macrolactones. After the synthesis of 1,9-PGF2α and 1,15-PGF2α lactones, many 1,15-lactones of E2, E3, F2, F3, A2, and A3 were found in the marine mollusc Tethys fimbria and the quest for understanding their biological role stimulated the research on their synthesis. Then 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-PG lactones of the drugs

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Lutter, Michael, and Klaus Jurkschat. "Aryl(dimethylaminomethyl)phosphinic Acid Esters: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions with Halogen Hydrogen Acids, Tin Halides, and Trimethyl Halosilanes." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2018, no. 30 (2018): 3481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800343.

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Dar'in, D. V., A. Yu Ivanov, and P. S. Lobanov. "ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocondensation of Ethyl (Imidazolidine-2-ylidene)acetate with Aromatic Esters Bearing Labile Halogen in ortho-Position." ChemInform 46, no. 49 (2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201549168.

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Dembitsky, Valery M. "Biological Activity and Structural Diversity of Steroids Containing Aromatic Rings, Phosphate Groups, or Halogen Atoms." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145549.

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This review delves into the investigation of the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids. The study encompasses various natural compounds, such as steroids with aromatic ring(s), steroid phosphate esters derived from marine invertebrates, and steroids incorporating halogen atoms (I, Br, or Cl). These compounds are either produced by fungi or fungal endophytes or found in extracts of plants, algae, or marine invertebrates. To assess the biological activity of these natural compounds, an extensive examination of referenced literature sources was con

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Khlebnikov, Alexander F., Mikhail S. Novikov, Yelizaveta G. Gorbunova, et al. "Isoxazolium N-ylides and 1-oxa-5-azahexa-1,3,5-trienes on the way from isoxazoles to 2H-1,3-oxazines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (August 14, 2014): 1896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.197.

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Theoretical and experimental studies of the reaction of isoxazoles with diazo compounds show that the formation of 2H-1,3-oxazines proceeds via the formation of (3Z)-1-oxa-5-azahexa-1,3,5-trienes which undergo a 6π-cyclization. The stationary points corresponding to the probable reaction intermediates, isoxazolium N-ylides, were located by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level only for derivatives without a substituent in position 3 of the isoxazole ring. These isoxazolium N-ylides are thermodynamically and kinetically very unstable. According to the calculations and experimental result

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Maltese, Federica, Frank van der Kooy, and Robert Verpoorte. "Solvent Derived Artifacts in Natural Products Chemistry." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 3 (2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400326.

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Solvents play an important and critical role in natural product chemistry. They are mainly used during the extraction and purification of metabolites from a biological matrix. To a lesser extent, solvents are also used as reagents or catalysts to perform chemical reactions. This review focuses on the most important classes of solvents, including alcohols, halogen-containing solvents, esters, ethers, acids and bases. The chemical reactions associated with the use of these solvents to form the so-called “artifacts” are discussed and the most common contaminants found in these solvents are also r

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