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Journal articles on the topic 'Halophytic mangrove forest'
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Sulistiyono, N., C. P. Tarigan, A. F. Daulay, S. A. Hudjimartsu, and Y. U. Putri. "Identification of mangrove forests using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery in Medan Belawan District, Medan City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (2024): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012051.
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Abstract Mangroves are a forest ecosystem tolerant to salt (halophytic) and influenced by sea tides. Mangrove forests are producers of ecosystem services that all living things need. The use of remote sensing can be used to identify mangrove forests in large areas in a short time. Sentinel-1 is a satellite product widely used to monitor land cover, including mangrove forests. The research objective was to identify mangrove forests in the Medan Belawan District using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery. Land cover classification in digital images was done using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood and random forest method. The results showed that random forest methods are more accurate than the maximum likelihood of identifying mangrove forests in Medan Belawan. The kappa accuracy value of the digital satellite image classification using the random forest method is 85.09%, and the maximum likelihood method is 77.4%. Based on the random forest method, the mangrove forest area is 1,325.81 hectares or 43.64% of the Belawan District area.
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Ayyappan, D., and K. C. Ravindran. "Utilization of Halophytes as a Source of Organic Manure." International Letters of Natural Sciences 17 (June 2014): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.17.162.
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Organic farming is a holistic production management system that promotes and enhances environmental quality including biodiversity, bio-geo-chemical cycles and soil floral and faunal activities. One of the energy resources developed during recent years are the application of organic sources such as biogas slurry, blue green algae, compost, green manure farmyard manure, vermicompost and seaweed liquid fertilizer. During decomposition, these organic manures yield many organic compounds and organic acids as well as antibiotic substances as an intermediate product. Mangrove/Halophytes forest has an important ecological and socio economic value to man. In India, Tamil Nadu has a coastline of 950 km. Extensive mangrove wetlands are located in Pichavaram of Cuddalore district and Muthupet of Thanjavur district. It is reported that the nutrient values of halophytes were higher when compared to green manures (glycophytes). The objective of the present study is to highlight the efficacy of halophytic compost which are normally available in coastal areas on growth and yield parameters in pulse varieties. Various combinations of halophytic composts used, Suaeda compost + farmyard manure + phosphate solubilising bacteria treatment showed an increased in biomass and yield, number of root nodules and microbial activities when compared other halophytic compost and control. This study shows the feasibility of using halophytic composts in the coastal area to improve soil fertility and productivity.
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Ayyappan, D., and K. C. Ravindran. "Utilization of Halophytes as a Source of Organic Manure." International Letters of Natural Sciences 17 (June 30, 2014): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-3jx8s6.
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Organic farming is a holistic production management system that promotes and enhances environmental quality including biodiversity, bio-geo-chemical cycles and soil floral and faunal activities. One of the energy resources developed during recent years are the application of organic sources such as biogas slurry, blue green algae, compost, green manure farmyard manure, vermicompost and seaweed liquid fertilizer. During decomposition, these organic manures yield many organic compounds and organic acids as well as antibiotic substances as an intermediate product. Mangrove/Halophytes forest has an important ecological and socio economic value to man. In India, Tamil Nadu has a coastline of 950 km. Extensive mangrove wetlands are located in Pichavaram of Cuddalore district and Muthupet of Thanjavur district. It is reported that the nutrient values of halophytes were higher when compared to green manures (glycophytes). The objective of the present study is to highlight the efficacy of halophytic compost which are normally available in coastal areas on growth and yield parameters in pulse varieties. Various combinations of halophytic composts used, Suaeda compost + farmyard manure + phosphate solubilising bacteria treatment showed an increased in biomass and yield, number of root nodules and microbial activities when compared other halophytic compost and control. This study shows the feasibility of using halophytic composts in the coastal area to improve soil fertility and productivity.
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Dr., Sayantani Nath (Bhadra). "Mangroves of Indian Sunderbans Depleting Alarmingly Over the Past Few Decades." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 1936–50. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14464.
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Indian Sundarbans is tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. It is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats, and small islands of salt tolerant mangrove forests. A variety of habitats have developed to accommodate the wildlife, including beaches, estuaries, permanent and semi permanent swamps, tidal flats, tidal creeks, coastal dunes, back dunes and levees Shapiro and Ari 2016 . Besides a high number of mangrove tree species, additional plant species can be found here. The forest cover of the study area also provide a vital buffer against cyclones that are common in that part of the world and has been called a natural safeguard for people Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2017 . The lives of the study area residents are frequently affected by human animal conflicts a few tiger and crocodile attacks every year are common. Because of issues such as deaths and injuries due to human animal conflict, over fishing and deforestation, the state imposed several restrictions on livelihood strategies. The state forest department have tried to reduce the local peoples dependency on the forest for their livelihood by taking several management practices on infrastructure development projects such as building roads and jetties, excavating irrigation channels and ponds, providing solar lamps and establishing a few medical facilities Ghosh and Priyanka 2015 . Studies have shown that majority of population understand and support the conservation of mangroves and it ecosystems. However, perceived socio demographic factors such as severe poverty, lack of political commitment, and absence of community level institutions are often barriers to the successful implementation of conservation policies Das and Mandal 2016 . Dr. Sayantani Nath (Bhadra) "Mangroves of Indian Sunderbans Depleting Alarmingly Over the Past Few Decades" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14464.pdf
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Banerjee, S., T. Bhadra, A. Saha, et al. "Genus Level Classification of the Mangroves in Indian Sundarbans using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1382, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1382/1/012011.
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Abstract Mangroves are the most productive ecosystems that provide stabilization to the coastlines, help in carbon sequestration, reduce storm surges, defend the coastal inhabitants and play a role in sustaining the local economy. Mangroves are halophytic in nature that typically thrive along tropical and subtropical coastlines in the saline intertidal zone. This paper explores the potentiality of Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery in separating different mangrove genus that has been evaluated using different classification algorithms like Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC), Mahalanobis Distance (MD), Minimum Distance (MD), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), knowledge-based classifier such as Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The estimated accuracy is higher for Random Forest (88.50%) followed by Support Vector Machine (85.30%) and Maximum Likelihood Classifier (85.10%) as compared to Mahalanobis Distance (81.10%), Spectral Angle Mapper (71.20%), and Minimum Distance (75.30%). The result showed that Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery can efficiently discriminate 15 different mangrove genera distributed in the entire Indian Sundarbans and can simultaneously replace the barriers in terms of cost and availability of the spaceborne and airborne hyperspectral sensors.
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Lakshmi, K. Prasanna, and G. M. Narasimha Rao. "Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) Against Selected Pathogens." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 09 (2023): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2023.v08i09.003.
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This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of halophytic plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) against, some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of S. portulacastrum were collected from the mangrove habitats of Coringa Reserve Forest near Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against some gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloace and Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal species (Candida albicans, Mucar recemosus, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The hexane, chloroform extracts showed minimum antimicrobial activity when compared to methanolic and water extracts. Water extract of S. portulacastrum showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains. It reveals that this halophytic species has antimicrobial compounds which can act against microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Haque, Md Anwarul, Ashish Kumar Sarker, Mohammad Sayful Islam, Md Ajijur Rahman, Md Akter Uzzaman Chouduri, and Md Anwar Ul Islam. "In vitro Insecticidal and Time-Kill Profile of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Marine Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Sundarbans, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17, no. 2 (2015): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22332.
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The marine soil and sediment samples were collected from different locations of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh the largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. A total of twenty nine Actinomycete strains (AIAH-1 to AIAH-29) were isolated by serial dilution method using isolation media. Among twenty nine strains, AIAH-10 was selected for further study due to its potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacterial strains. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical studies, the strain AIAH-10 was assigned to Streptomyces sp. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro insecticidal and time-kill profile of ethyl acetate extracts of marine Streptomyces sp. A dose dependent mortality was observed against the larvae of Sitophilus oryzae. The larval mortality was recorded as 100% in the concentration of 80 mg/ml and higher concentrations, LC50 was found as 11.48 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded as 8 to 32 mg/ml against six different pathogenic bacterial strains. Average Log10 reductions in viable cell counts for the extracts ranged from 1.91 Log10 and 2.86 Log10 cfu/mL after 3 h interaction and 2.10 Log10 and 2.93 Log10 after 6 h interaction at MIC, 2 × MIC, 3 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations. This investigation reveals that the Streptomyces species isolated from Sundarbans, Bangladesh may be interesting source for the isolation of potent bioactive compounds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22332 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(2): 151-156, 2014
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Pandiangan, P., M. Basyuni, R. Amelia, et al. "Structure and composition of rehabilitated mangrove in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (2024): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012065.
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Abstract Mangroves are generally distributed in tidal zones along tropical and subtropical coasts and are known as woody halophytes. Mangroves are one of the most productive and efficient long-term natural carbon sinks. Deforestation and mangrove degradation produced substantial carbon emissions that account for the majority and salt marshes emissions. Mangroves play an important role in protecting against storms and sea level rise, preventing coastline erosion, regulating coastal water quality, providing habitat for commercial interests. This study was conducted to measure the diversity, structure and composition of forests in the rehabilitation of abandoned pond mangrove forests in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The method used was to conduct a census in a 1.6 ha restoration forest by measuring the overall diameter, height and species found. Fourteen species were found, namely Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Acrostichum aureum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tags, Exoecaria agallocha, Finlaysonia maritimea, Nypa fruticans Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Sesuvium portulacastrum.
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Jagdish Prasad. "Status Review of the Mangroves Forest in India." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 1252–54. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst25123230.
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Mangroves, are woody salt tolerant halophytes. They are highly productive economic bio-resources. The mangroves ecosystem currently represent less than 1% of the global tropical forest area. They supports a variety of organism both in coastal and marine ecosystems. They provide essential breeding grounds for many aquatic animal species, crustaceans, amphibian and mammals. They act as carbon sink that provide protection against more carbon, contamination and coastal erosion. Many genera depend on mangrove for their survival. Mangroves offers a wide range of ecosystem services and commercially valuable products. Over the past 50 years, this unique ecosystem has been threatened by a variety of natural causes and anthropogenic pressure. Natural causes of mangrove forest degradation are the changes in hydrology, natural disasters, global warming, climate change, and coral reef destruction. They face threats due to habitat loss, expansion of aquaculture, pollution, timber loss. The extinction and loss of biological diversity is another challenge in the mangrove forest. India continuously loosing mangrove area and about 40% mangrove area has disappear in the last century due to anthropogenic pressure. Therefore, it is essential to assess the status and trends of mangroves in India. The mangrove forest areas are promising, but using all these areas requires some challenges to answer.
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Kumar Mallick, Jayanta. "A review and field verification of avian diversity and habitat use in the greater Sundarbans of India, Bangladesh and their hinterland." Probe - Animal Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/pas.v5i1.1778.
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<p>The world-famous greater Sundarbans, the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world and endangered ecosystem located in the Bengal delta, is now confined to 10,277 km<sup>2</sup>conservation areas in India (4260 km<sup>2</sup>) and Bangladesh (6017 km<sup>2</sup>) over 250 odd-islands, designated as the Natural World Heritage-cum-Ramsar Sites of ornithological importance. The Sundarbans is fringed by 11,936.26 km<sup>2</sup> reclaimed agricultural fields/human settlements [‘Sundarbans Transition Zone’ (STZ), India and Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) plus Sundarbans Impact Zone (SIZ), Bangladesh]. This highly productive ecosystem provides diverse and abundant floral and faunal food resources, having high caloric concentrations, for the aves. A comprehensive study was conducted during 2019–2022 to bridge the knowledge-gaps of the avian diversity and habitat use through structural review of published and grey literature as well as field-based rapid assessment in the potential sites. 598 species, classified under 23 orders, 85 families and 277 genera, including seven extinct and about 40 old records, have been recorded in the study area. The terrestrial, arboreal and aquatic habitats are conveniently utilised by 32% resident and 68% migratory (summer and winter) birds for meeting their biological needs. 32.27% of them are commonly sighted and 67.73% rarely confronted. Considering the present biotic and abiotic threats, the rare birds are of high priority for future conservation actions.</p>
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Hashim, Tengku Mohd Zarawie Tengku, Mohd Nazip Suratman, Harinder Rai Singh, Jasmee Jaafar, and Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar. "Status and Sustainability of Mangrove Forests: A Case Study from Merbok Mangrove Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1019, no. 1 (2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1019/1/012023.
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Abstract Mangroves comprise of a complex combination of halophytic trees, shrubs and other plants that exist and grow in the coastal zone throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove ecosystems provide significant socioeconomic benefits to the local communities such as fish, timber and tourism opportunities. Understanding how they perceive on mangrove ecosystems and services is crucial for incorporating this information into decision making process and conservation, this study was conducted to study the awareness and knowledge of local community towards the trend and status of mangrove resources in Merbok Mangrove Reserve (MMR) and, to identify factors that influence the survival of mangroves in the study area. A survey was conducted in MMR using questionnaires as a main tool for data collection. A total of 300 respondents live near and around MMR were selected which involved a total of 10 villages. From the study, 95% of the respondents perceived that mangroves are very important resources to the local community. About 95.7% of respondents agree that the loss of mangroves will have negative impacts to the environment and the economics of the livelihood. Furthermore, the majority of respondents perceived that illegal clearing and aquaculture practices have significant impact to the degradation of mangroves in the area. They agree that replanting of mangroves could be the best management option to ensure the survival of this ecosystem. The information from this study may provide useful input for future research and can be crucial tools for the government and stakeholders to pave way for an effective decision making for the sustainability of mangrove resources.
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Rao, G. M. Narasimha, and K. Lohitasyudu. "Mangroves and Associated Flora of Vashista Godavari Estuary from Darbharevu to Biyyaputippa, West Godavari District, AP, India." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 11 (2024): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2024.v09i11.001.
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Mangrove ecosystem is one of the productive ecosystems in aquatic environment. Mangrove populations occurring along the Vashista branch of Godavari River were studied using line transect with 16 m² quadrates and the quadrate samples were analyzed. In the present investigation a total of 16 mangrove species were reported, out of which four are true mangrove species, six associated mangroves and six halophytes were reported. Transect studies revealed that mangroves were distributed up to 10 to 20 meters in Darbharevu and 30 to 40 meters in Biyyaputippa region. Most of the forest in Darbharevu is in form of long strip and in Biyyaputippa forest extends and density of species was high than Darbharevu. In both study sites (Darbharevu and Biyyaputippa) the species with the highest density was Suaeda monoica whereas the species with lowest density was Sonneratia caseolaris. The maximum height in these two stations varied from 5 to 10 meters only. Percentage frequencies of DBH (Density at Breast Height) classes were estimated. In the present study only two diameter classes in Darbharevu and 4 classes in Biyyaputippa were reported. This is an indicative of the small and bushy mangrove vegetation in station 1 and little bit larger canopy was reported in station 2. Anthropogenic and aqua industry play a critical impact on the survival of this mangrove ecosystems.
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Alongi, Daniel M. "Present state and future of the world's mangrove forests." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 3 (2002): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000231.
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Mangroves, the only woody halophytes living at the confluence of land and sea, have been heavily used traditionally for food, timber, fuel and medicine, and presently occupy about 181 000 km2 of tropical and subtropical coastline. Over the past 50 years, approximately one-third of the world's mangrove forests have been lost, but most data show very variable loss rates and there is considerable margin of error in most estimates. Mangroves are a valuable ecological and economic resource, being important nursery grounds and breeding sites for birds, fish, crustaceans, shellfish, reptiles and mammals; a renewable source of wood; accumulation sites for sediment, contaminants, carbon and nutrients; and offer protection against coastal erosion. The destruction of mangroves is usually positively related to human population density. Major reasons for destruction are urban development, aquaculture, mining and overexploitation for timber, fish, crustaceans and shellfish. Over the next 25 years, unrestricted clear felling, aquaculture, and overexploitation of fisheries will be the greatest threats, with lesser problems being alteration of hydrology, pollution and global warming. Loss of biodiversity is, and will continue to be, a severe problem as even pristine mangroves are species-poor compared with other tropical ecosystems. The future is not entirely bleak. The number of rehabilitation and restoration projects is increasing worldwide with some countries showing increases in mangrove area. The intensity of coastal aquaculture appears to have levelled off in some parts of the world. Some commercial projects and economic models indicate that mangroves can be used as a sustainable resource, especially for wood. The brightest note is that the rate of population growth is projected to slow during the next 50 years, with a gradual decline thereafter to the end of the century. Mangrove forests will continue to be exploited at current rates to 2025, unless they are seen as a valuable resource to be managed on a sustainable basis. After 2025, the future of mangroves will depend on technological and ecological advances in multi-species silviculture, genetics, and forestry modelling, but the greatest hope for their future is for a reduction in human population growth.
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Kulkarni, Narendra, and Leela J. Bhosale. "Mangroves of Maharashtra State (India): Diversity and Sustainability." Plantae Scientia 4, no. 3 (2021): 178–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v4i3.178-207.
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Mangroves are defined as tropical and sub-tropical forests with a diverse floristic composition bordering the sea on muddy or peaty low lands periodically submerged or influenced by the tides. Maharashtra is one of the coastal states of India, with many rivers emerging from Sahyadri ranges and meeting the Arabian Sea. The coast line available for Maharashtra state is 720 km. Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Raigad, Thane and Mumbai are the five coastal districts of the state of Maharashtra. All the districts together have more than 55 small, medium and large estuaries. It is found that estuaries like Vijaydurg shows maximum mangrove area of and estuaries like Kelye shows minimum area. It also reveals that the species like E. agallocha, A. ilicifolius, R. mucronata, A. officinalis and A. marina show maximum percentage of occurrence as compared to the species like X. granatum, C. iripa, B. cylindrica, S. caseolaris, H.fomes and T. gallica. The studies on mangrove biodiversity in five districts show the major variations. The study found 20 typical mangroves, 10 halophytic species, 13 border line mangroves and 15 mangrove associates from all these districts. Among these the uncommon and threatened greet pied Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) have been found at some sites. Some of the common crab species are Uca roseus, Uca lactea annulipes and Uca vocans. The species like Scylla serrata and Portunus pelagius are edible. In the present study 13 sp. of Molluscs, 25 species of edible fish, 9 species of Reptilia, 45 sp. of birds and 10 species of Mammalia are found. It is found that out of twenty-four species analyzed, some species are analyzed as Critically Endangered (CR), some are found Endangered (EN). From this study it is found that all sites being under human pressure the natural zonation pattern is not seen. The existing zonation pattern is a result of natural distribution and human disturbances.
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Suryanarayanand, T. S., and V. Kumaresan. "Endophytic fungi of some halophytes from an estuarine mangrove forest." Mycological Research 104, no. 12 (2000): 1465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756200002859.
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Nelson, David R., Amphun Chaiboonchoe, Khaled M. Hazzouri, et al. "Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes Outline Halophyte Adaptive Strategies in the Gray Mangrove (Avicennia marina)." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092030.
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Avicennia marina forests fulfill essential blue carbon and ecosystem services, including halting coastal erosion and supporting fisheries. Genetic studies of A. marina tissues could yield insight into halophyte adaptive strategies, empowering saline agriculture research. We compare transcriptomes from A. marina pneumatophores, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, and transcriptomes across four widely divergent environments in the Indo-Pacific (Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, Bay of Bengal, and Red River Delta) to decipher the shared and location-, tissue-, and condition-specific functions. On average, 4.8% of transcripts per tissue were uniquely expressed in that tissue, and 12.2% were shared in all five tissues. Flowers’ transcript expression was the most distinct, with domain-centric gene ontology analysis showing high enrichment for stimulus-responsive processes, as well as genes implicated in flowering (hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase, TPM = 3687) and floral scent biosynthesis (e.g., benzoyl_coenzyme_A, 2497.2 TPM). Pneumatophores highly expressed antioxidant genes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST, TPM = 4759) and thioredoxin (TRX, TPM = 936.2), as well as proteins in the GO term ‘Hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity’ (enrichment Z = 7.69, FDR-corr. p = 0.000785). Tissue-specific metabolic pathway reconstruction revealed unique processes in the five tissues; for example, seeds showed the most complete expression of lipid biosynthetic and degradation pathways. The leaf transcriptome had the lowest functional diversity among the expressed genes in any tissue, but highly expressed a catalase (TPM = 4181) and was enriched for the GO term ‘transmembrane transporter activity’ (GO:0015238; Z = 11.83; FDR-corr. p = 1.58 × 10−9), underscoring the genes for salt exporters. Metallothioneins (MTs) were the highest-expressed genes in all tissues from the cultivars of all locations; the dominant expression of these metal-binding and oxidative-stress control genes indicates they are essential for A. marina in its natural habitats. Our study yields insight into how A. marina tissue-specific gene expression supports halotolerance and other coastal adaptative strategies in this halophytic angiosperm.
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Mello, Tainara Fernandes, and João Carlos Ferreira Melo Júnior. "Variação temporal de respostas fenotípicas foliares de Rhizophora mangle (Rizophoraceae) em manguezal degradado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 5 (2021): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.5.p2998-3007.
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O manguezal é um ecossistema halófito, com cerca de 54 espécies de plantas superiores em toda a sua distribuição no globo. Em virtude do contínuo processo de ocupação humana, são alvo de considerável impacto. Objetivou-se caracterizar temporalmente a plasticidade fenotípica da espécie Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) em um bosque de manguezal degradado no município de Joinville, SC. Foram selecionados vinte indivíduos de R. mangle nos anos de 2018 e 2019 em um bosque de manguezal no contexto da Baía Babitonga. Nutrição do solo e salinidade foram obtidas por meio de análise química do sedimento. Atributos funcionais das plantas contemplaram caracteres morfoanatômicos. Médias, desvios-padrão e índice de plasticidade foram calculados. A comparação de médias foi realizada por teste t de Student, juntamente com a Análise de Componentes Principais em ambiente R. Os resultados evidenciaram elevação da capacidade de troca catiônica, H + Al e teor de matéria orgânica. Observou-se também variação estrutural temporal em R. mangle, indicando um incremento temporal na resistência mecânica e provável longevidade foliar na espécie. Temporal variation of leaf phenotypic responses of Rhizophora mangle (Rizophoraceae) in degraded mangroves in Santa Catarina, Brazil A B S T R A C TMangrove is a halophyte ecosystem, with about 54 superior plant species throughout its distribution on the globe. Due to the continuous process of human occupation, they are subject to considerable impact. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotypic plasticity of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) species in a degraded mangrove in Joinville, SC. Twenty individuals of R. mangle were selected in 2018 and 2019 in a degraded mangrove forest in the context of Babitonga Bay. Soil nutrition and salinity were obtained by chemical analysis of the sediment. Functional attributes of the plant included morphoanatomic characters. Means, standard deviations and plasticity index were calculated. The comparison of means was performed by Student's t-test, together with Principal Component Analysis in R environment. The results show an increase in cation exchange capacity, H + Al and organic matter content. It was also observed temporal structural variation in R. mangle, which indicates a temporal increase in mechanical resistance and probable leaf longevity in the studied species.Keywords: Babitonga Bay, coastal ecosystem, functional attributes, mangrove, structural adjustments.
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Thongmuang, Pimporn, Kanittada Thongkao, Robert Wyn Owen, and Yuttana Sudjaroen. "Root of Seablite (Suaeda maritima), the Medicinal Halophyte for Skincare Application." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 3 (2024): S2709—S2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_421_24.
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ABSTRACT Background: Seablite (Suaeda maritima) grows near mangrove forests and shrimp farms on the coast of the Thai Gulf and South of Thailand. Extracts of S. maritima root can relieve or treat some skin symptoms or diseases, and it can be possessed. Methods: The aim of this study was to screen phytochemical constituents of S. maritima root extract (SMRE) to determine their in vitro biological activities related to skincare properties. Results and Discussion: Qualitative phytochemical screening was positive for tannins and triterpenes. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 191.3 ± 3.55 mg of GAE/g and 21.2 ± 2.09 mg of QE/g, respectively. SMRE inhibited the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) radical (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.2 mg/ml) and lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 2.61 ± 0.5 mg/ml). Human skin fibroblasts were increased by 26.58 ± 5.91% after treatment with SMRE (1.0 mg/ml) and exhibited wound healing capacity by narrowing the gap between skin fibroblast clusters. Conclusion: This study confirms the potential of SMRE for skincare protection which meets the need for traditional uses of plant-derived products for skincare applications.
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Yannick, D., S. Oberbauer, C. Staudhammer, J. Cherry, and G. Starr. "Carbon Dynamics of a Coastal Wetland Transitioning to Mangrove Forest." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 129, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jg007991.
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AbstractCoastal wetlands play a vital role in the global carbon cycle and are under pressure from multiple anthropogenic influences. Altered hydrology and land use change increase susceptibility of wetlands to sea‐level rise, saltwater intrusion, tidal flood events, and storm surges. Flooding from perigean spring tides and storm surges rapidly inundates coastal wetlands with saline waters, quickly surpassing vegetation tolerances, leading to shifts in soil microbial respiration, peat collapse, and plant mortality, followed by establishment of salt‐tolerant vegetation. The Southeast Saline Everglades (SESE) is facing many of these pressures, making it a model system to examine the impacts of ecosystem state transitions and their carbon dynamics. Saltwater flooding from Hurricane Irma (2017) initiated a transitional state, where less salt‐tolerant vegetation (e.g., Cladium jamaicense) is declining, allowing halophytic species such as Rhizophora mangle to colonize, altering the ecosystem's biogeochemistry. We utilized eddy covariance techniques in the SESE to measure ecosystem fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in an area that is transitioning to an alternative state. The landward expansion of mangroves is increasing leaf area, leading to greater physiological activity and higher biomass. Our site was presented initially as a small C source (47.0 g C m−2) in 2020, and by 2022 was a sink (−84.24 g C m−2), with annual greenhouse carbon balance ranging from −0.04 to 0.18. Net radiative forcing ranged from 2.04 to 2.27 W m−2 d−1. As the mangrove landward margin expands, this may lead the area to become a greater carbon sink and a potential offset to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
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Chaitanya, Kovvali Sri Krishna, Jinka Rajeswari, D. V. V. Satyanarayana Raju, and Viswanadham Allada. "Fluoride Resistant Bacillus paralicheniformis (MSO5) Isolated from Halophytic Zone of Coringa Mangrove Wildlife Sanctuary." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.19.1.48.
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Fluoride contamination in water sources represents a persistent and grave global issue with severe health implications. Microorganisms are known to demonstrate tolerance to various pollutants, enabling their survival in diverse and adverse environments. In this study, we aimed to identify potential bacterial isolates capable of resisting and removing fluoride from contaminated water, and can be used for bioremediation of fluoride contaminated water The unique Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, a mangrove forest, served as a collection site for soil, sludge and water samples due to its distinctive ability to host halotolerant and halophilic bacteria, setting it apart from other plant species in naturally saline conditions. This exceptional microbial community within mangroves established them as a valuable source of fluoride resistant bacteria. A total of 46 bacterial isolated from sludge, soil, and water samples within the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary belonged to the families Bacillaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Predominantly, sludge samples yielded the highest number of isolates (41%), followed by soil (33%) and water (26%). All isolates demonstrated varying degrees of fluoride resistance, with 57% tolerating concentrations up to 2000 mg/L. Further screening showed that 22% of isolates tolerated 10,000 mg/L fluoride, while none survived at 20,000 mg/L. Notably, strain MSO5 exhibited growth on 12,500 mg/L fluoride containing medium within 24 hours. Based on 16S rRNA molecular studies identified the fluoride-resistant isolate MSO5 as Bacillus paralicheniformis. This study marks the first report of strain MSO5 belonging to the Bacillus sp. exhibiting tolerance to 10% salt concentration, temperature 55 °C and resistance to fluoride upto 12,500 mg/L concentration. This research lays the foundation for isolating fluoride resistant bacteria capable of removing fluoride, providing valuable prospects for microbial remediation of contaminated water sources.
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Fatema, Kaniz, Mansura Akter Hawa, Sabiha Masnoon, et al. "Microplastic pollution in surface waters and sediments matrices of the Sundarbans – the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world." Regional Studies in Marine Science, September 2023, 103226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103226.
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David, Nelson. "Data for: Tissue-specific transcriptomes outline halophyte adaptive strategies in the gray mangrove, Avicennia marina." July 4, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6793097.
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<em>Avicennia marina</em> forests fulfill essential blue carbon and ecosystem services, including halting coastal erosion and supporting fisheries. They endure high abiotic stress to inhabit a broad range of Indo-Pacific coastlines; despite human dependence and serving as model halotolerant angiosperms, genetic studies are scarce for this organism. We compare transcriptomes from <em>A. marina</em> roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, and transcriptomes across four widely divergent environments in the Indo-Pacific (Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, Bay of Bengal, Red River Delta) to decipher shared and location-, tissue- and condition-specific functions. On average, 4.8% of transcripts per tissue were uniquely expressed in that tissue, and 12.2% were shared in all five tissues. Flowers’ transcript expression was the most unlike the other tissues, and domain-centric gene ontology analysis showed heavy enrichment towards various stimulus-responsive processes. Tissue-specific metabolic pathway reconstruction revealed unique processes in the five tissues; for example, flowers showed evidence of only fatty acid biosynthesis but stems expressed only fatty acid degradation enzymes. The leaf transcriptome had the lowest functional diversity among expressed genes in any tissue. Metallothioneins (MTs) were the highest-expressed genes in all tissues and from specimens of all locations; the dominant expression of these metal-binding and oxidative-stress control genes indicates they are essential for <em>A. marina</em> in its natural habitats. Our study lays a foundation for tissue-specific <em>A. marina</em> transcriptomes and how they support its resilient, seafaring lifestyle.
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Al-Thani, Roda F., and Bassam T. Yasseen. "Microbial Ecology of Qatar, the Arabian Gulf: Possible Roles of Microorganisms." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (August 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.697269.
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The Arabian Gulf ranks among the world’s most arid and warm regions; the land has high salinity levels with many Sabkhas and receives little precipitation. This region holds about one-third of the world’s oil supply. Qatar is the leading gas producer worldwide, which raises many concerns about the pollution of the sea, groundwater, and soil. Thus, the Arabian Gulf area has paid particular attention to environmental studies since the environmental status of this region imposed unique biological diversity, and microbial ecology has gained special importance following the identification of promising roles of microorganisms. This review article discusses the microbial ecology at the main habitats of the State of Qatar. We discuss important principles for successful ecological restoration and future perspectives of using biological approaches to solve many problems related to health, the economy, and agriculture. There are at least five microbial communities that have been recognized at the Qatari habitats: marine environment, salt marshes and mangrove forests, the arid lands (including dune communities), wetlands (including pond communities), and Rawdahs (including the Ghaf tree communities). Although, the environmental conditions of this region are almost the same, these habitats are compared with those at other countries of the Arabian Gulf whenever necessary, as each habitat has its own peculiar characteristics. Some case studies are presented to describe the biochemical characterizations of bacterial isolates from soils and leaf surface of native plants, including halophytes and xerophytes at these habitats. These studies rarely went beyond the general identification at species levels. There is a discussion about the possible roles of microorganisms at the rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere, and phyllosphere, and using plant exudates to control microbial activity. However, modern approach (culture-independent methods) addressing these topics has opened the door for deeper investigations, and to explore the roles played by microorganisms at these habitats. These methods have already begun during the last decade as serious step to solve many environmental issues. In the future, it is very likely that microorganisms will be used to tackle many pollution issues, as well as health, agricultural, and economic problems.