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Journal articles on the topic 'Halstead metrics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Khan, Bilal, and Aamer Nadeem. "Evaluating the effectiveness of decomposed Halstead Metrics in software fault prediction." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (November 27, 2023): e1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1647.

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The occurrence of faults in software systems represents an inevitable predicament. Testing is the most common means to detect such faults; however, exhaustive testing is not feasible for any nontrivial system. Software fault prediction (SFP), which identifies software components that are more prone to errors, seeks to supplement the testing process. Thus, testing efforts can be focused on such modules. Various approaches exist for SFP, with machine learning (ML) emerging as the prevailing methodology. ML-based SFP relies on a wide range of metrics, ranging from file-level and class-level to me

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Horobets, Yuliia, and Marek Miłosz. "The concept, models and metrics of software quality – an overview." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 4 (September 30, 2017): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.600.

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The article presents analysis of existing models and metrics measurement and software quality assessment. For comparison were chosen following models of software quality: McCall, Boehm, Boeing, FURPS, Dormey, ISO / IEC 9126, ISO / IEC 25000: 2005 and software metrics: SLOC, McCabe, Halstead.

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Bozó, István, Zoran Budimac, Smiljana Knežev, Gordana Rakić, and Melinda Tóth. "Evaluation of a recursion aware complexity metric." Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae. Sectio computatorica 57 (2024): 201–18. https://doi.org/10.71352/ac.57.201.

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Software metrics are heavily used to measure the complexity, readability, understandability, and maintainability of the source code. However, the accuracy of these metrics could be improved by considering different new aspects. In our previous research, we have introduced the Overall Path Complexity metric that takes into account recursion during the calculation of the metrics. The metric was integrated into the RefactorErl tool and evaluated for the functional programming language, Erlang. It was found that the OPC looked into new information that had not been evaluated before. In this paper,

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Balogun, Ghaniyyat Bolanle, Muhideen Abdulraheem, Peter Ogirima Sadiku, Olawale Debo Taofeek, and Adebisi Adewale. "Halstead’s Complexity Measure of a Merge sort and Modified Merge sort Algorithms." Jambura Journal of Informatics 5, no. 2 (2023): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jji.v5i2.21995.

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Complexity measuring tools in computer science are deployed to measure and compare different characteristics of algorithms in order to find the best one in solving a particular problem or that suits a particular situation. In view of this, Halstead’s complexity metrics is deployed to compare the efficiency of two external sorting methods; the Merge sort and the Modified Merge sort algorithms. The methodology used in achieving this, lies in the extraction of operators and operands from the C_sharp (C#) implemented program of the two algorithms. Six Halstead metrics are evaluated using these ope

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Krishna, K. V., and K. V. Ganesh. "An Assessment of Halstead Metrics on Health Management Software." Sun International Journal of Engineering and Basic Sciences 02, no. 03 (2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30558/ijebs.20190203001.

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Naveed, Muhammad Shumail. "Comparison of C++ and Java in Implementing Introductory Programming Algorithms." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering Science & Technology 19, no. 1 (2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1901.14.

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Computer programming is the heart of computer science and C++ and Java are the most popular and widely used languages. The performance of C++ and Java programming languages has been benchmarked using robotics, numerical, genetic and evolutionary algorithms, but not using introductory programming algorithms. This article examined C++ and Java by analysing the implementation of novice algorithms of introductory programming courses by evaluating the difficulty, effort, time and delivered bugs of programs with Halstead software metrics. The study identified that Java is more difficult than C++ in

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Maina, Nevy Kimani, Geoffrey Muchiri Muketha, and Geoffrey Mariga Wambugu. "A Literature Survey of Complexity Metrics for Object-Oriented Programs." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 11, no. 05 (2022): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea1105.1003.

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Software complexity refers to the factors that determine the complexity level of a software project. High complexity is caused by the many attributes used in the system and the complex logic relationships among these attributes and features. The increased complexity of software is undesirable and affects maintenance. Over the years, Software Engineering scholars recommended several metrics like Halstead metric, cyclomatic complexity, and line of code metrics to deal with the complexity. With the complexity increasing as time goes by, there is a need for better metrics that can evaluate softwar

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Korznikov, Artem O., and Natalya N. Datsun. "Program Realization for Code Metrics Calculation in Object-Oriented Programming Language." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 3 (62) (2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2023-3-76-84.

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All groups of software product lifecycle processes executed by developers are complicated to implement. The code generation possibility and a requirement of evaluation for each participant contri-bution in case of teamwork also should be considered. A quantitative estimation for various aspects of software is proposed by code metrics calculation. The work purpose is development of a program for calculating the metrics of a software product for various object-oriented programming languages. The tasks are development of metrics exploitation approaches for evaluating and comparing code and imple-

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Onyango, Kevin, Jackson Kamiri, and Geoffrey Muketha. "A comparative study of the lexicographical complexity of Java, Python and C languages based on program characteristics." Journal of Innovation, Technology and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (2023): 42–67. https://doi.org/10.70868/rpgb7573.

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In software engineering, software complexity measures how complicated it is to design, test, maintain, and comprehend a system or a program. Metrics have been appreciated over time as a measure of various attributes of software products. Some of the most well-known languages for scientific, object-oriented, and imperative programming are Python, Java, and C, respectively. However, it is not easy to distinguish the structural complexity of these programming languages and the existing studies have overlooked this issue. This study, therefore, uses a technique based on Halstead Software Science t

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Arnould, Arthur, Rita Hendricusdottir, and Jeroen Bergmann. "The Complexity of Medical Device Regulations Has Increased, as Assessed through Data-Driven Techniques." Prosthesis 3, no. 4 (2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis3040029.

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Medical device regulations are dynamic, as they need to cover an ever changing landscape. In Europe this has led to a new set of regulations (both for Medical Devices and In Vitro Diagnostics), which replaced the old rules. This study is interested in how the complexity of these medical regulations changed over time and if additional time-based metrics can be associated with any of the complexity metrics. Complexity is defined in terms of readability of the text and it is computed using established linguistic measures, as well as Halstead complexity scores. It was shown that the regulatory com

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Adhav, Asst Prof Pratik. "Comparative Study of Java and Python Languages with Reference to Data Science." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38298.

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This research provides a comprehensive comparison & analysis between Java and Python, focusing on their application in data science. Key aspects such as encapsulation, AI capabilities, software complexity metrics (Halstead), data statistics, and algorithmic performance (Bubble Sort) are analyzed. This study aims to guide developers in choosing the appropriate language for their data science projects by evaluating performance, memory management, multithreading, and ecosystem richness. The findings are supported by empirical data, benchmarks, and detailed analysis, emphasizing when and how e

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Bin Usman, Bashar, and Ibrahim Abdullahi, Okeyinka Aderemi Elisha. "Analysis of Complexity of Some Combinatorial Algorithms Using Halstead Metrics and Time Measures." American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics 12, no. 3 (2024): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajams-12-3-4.

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Bin, Usman Bashar, Ibrahim Abdullahi, and Elisha Okeyinka Aderemi. "Analysis of Complexity of Some Combinatorial Algorithms Using Halstead Metrics and Time Measures." American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 2024 12, no. 3 (2024): 66–69. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-12-3-4.

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Al-Batah, Mohammad Subhi, Nouh Alhindawi, Rami Malkawi, and Ahmad Al Zuraiqi. "Hybrid Technique for Complexity Analysis for Java Code." International Journal of Software Innovation 7, no. 3 (2019): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2019070107.

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Software complexity can be defined as the degree of difficulty in analysis, testing, design and implementation of software. Typically, reducing model complexity has had a significant impact on maintenance activities. A lot of metrics have been used to measure the complexity of source code such as Halstead, McCabe Cyclomatic, Lines of Code, and Maintainability Index, etc. This article proposed a hybrid module which consists of two theories which are Halstead and McCabe, both theories will be used to analyze a code written in Java. The module provides a mechanism to better evaluate the proficien

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Bin, Usman Bashar Bin, Kanoma Saminu Isah, Zakariyau Ibrahim, Niwuro Hashimu Abubakar, and Rilwan Adebayo Ademola. "Exploring Heuristic Algorithms for the Knapsack Problem: A Comparative Analysis of Program Complexity and Computational Efficiency." Kasu Journal of Computer Science 1, no. 2 (2024): 412–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13991658.

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The knapsack problem is an optimization problem in computer science which involves determining the mostvaluable combination of items that can be packed into a knapsack (a container) with a limited capacity (weight orvolume); the goal is to maximize the total profit of the items included in the knapsack without exceeding its capacity.This study extensively analyzes the knapsack problem, exploring the application of three prevalent heuristics:greedy, dynamic programming, and FPTAS algorithms implemented in Python. The study aims to assess how thesealgorithms perform differently, focusing on prog

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Abdulkareem, Sabah A., and Ali J. Abboud. "Evaluating Python, C++, JavaScript and Java Programming Languages Based on Software Complexity Calculator (Halstead Metrics)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1076, no. 1 (2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1076/1/012046.

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Sanusi, B.A., S.O. Olabiyisi, A.O. Afolabi, and A.O. Olowoye. "Development of an Enhanced Automated Software Complexity Measurement System." Journal of Advances in Computational Intelligence Theory 1, no. 3 (2020): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3597631.

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<em>Code Complexity measures can simply be used to predict critical information about reliability, testability, and maintainability of software systems from the automatic measurement of the source code. The existing automated code complexity measurement is performed using a commercially available code analysis tool called QA-C for the code complexity of C-programming language which runs on Solaris and does not measure the defect-rate of the source code. Therefore, this paper aimed at developing an enhanced automated system that evaluates the code complexity of C-family programming languages an

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Durga and Dr. Anupa Sinha. "Enhancing Software Reliability through Intelligent Fault Prediction Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 3 (2025): 945–56. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit25113376.

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Software fault prediction plays a crucial role in enhancing software quality and reliability by enabling early detection of defect-prone modules. This study proposes a machine learning-based predictive framework to identify software faults using historical software metrics and defect data. The objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of various machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Networks—for their effectiveness in fault detection. Public benchmark datasets comprising object-oriented metrics such as CK, Halstead, and McCabe w

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Usman, Bashar Bin, Saminu Isah Kanoma, Ibrahim Zakariyau, Hashimu Abubakar Niworu, and Adebayo Ademola Rilwan. "Exploring Heuristic Algorithms for the Knapsack Problem: A Comparative Analysis of Program Complexity and Computational Efficiency." Kasu Journal of Computer Science 1, no. 2 (2024): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/kjcs/2024.1.2.0017.

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The knapsack problem is an optimization problem in computer science which involves determining the most valuable combination of items that can be packed into a knapsack (a container) with a limited capacity (weight or volume); the goal is to maximize the total profit of the items included in the knapsack without exceeding its capacity. This study extensively analyzes the knapsack problem, exploring the application of three prevalent heuristics: greedy, dynamic programming, and FPTAS algorithms implemented in Python. The study aims to assess how these algorithms perform differently, focusing on

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Hernández-Molinos, María José, Angel J. Sánchez-García, Rocío Erandi Barrientos-Martínez, Juan Carlos Pérez-Arriaga, and Jorge Octavio Ocharán-Hernández. "Software Defect Prediction with Bayesian Approaches." Mathematics 11, no. 11 (2023): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112524.

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Software defect prediction is an important area in software engineering because it helps developers identify and fix problems before they become costly and hard-to-fix bugs. Early detection of software defects helps save time and money in the software development process and ensures the quality of the final product. This research aims to evaluate three algorithms to build Bayesian Networks to classify whether a project is prone to defects. The choice is based on the fact that the most used approach in the literature is Naive Bayes, but no works use Bayesian Networks. Thus, K2, Hill Climbing, a

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Ardito, Luca, Luca Barbato, Riccardo Coppola, and Michele Valsesia. "Evaluation of Rust code verbosity, understandability and complexity." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (February 26, 2021): e406. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.406.

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Rust is an innovative programming language initially implemented by Mozilla, developed to ensure high performance, reliability, and productivity. The final purpose of this study consists of applying a set of common static software metrics to programs written in Rust to assess the verbosity, understandability, organization, complexity, and maintainability of the language. To that extent, nine different implementations of algorithms available in different languages were selected. We computed a set of metrics for Rust, comparing them with the ones obtained from C and a set of object-oriented lang

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Idrisov, Baskhad, and Tim Schlippe. "Program Code Generation with Generative AIs." Algorithms 17, no. 2 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a17020062.

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Our paper compares the correctness, efficiency, and maintainability of human-generated and AI-generated program code. For that, we analyzed the computational resources of AI- and human-generated program code using metrics such as time and space complexity as well as runtime and memory usage. Additionally, we evaluated the maintainability using metrics such as lines of code, cyclomatic complexity, Halstead complexity and maintainability index. For our experiments, we had generative AIs produce program code in Java, Python, and C++ that solves problems defined on the competition coding website l

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Kartika, Luh Gede Surya, Putu Kussa Laksana Utama, I. Dewa Gede Budiastawa, and Komang Rinartha. "Comparison of the Sentiment Analysis Model's Code Complexity and Processing Time." Sinkron 8, no. 1 (2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i1.11894.

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Text processing, which includes sentiment analysis, obviously demands a lot of resources. The extent to which resources are used to promote environmental conservation is directly impacted by code complexity or computational time. Twitter users' responses on the Indonesian Language of religious moderation and tolerance are used to test the model. The phases of doing the research include determining the research's needs, gathering data, text preprocessing (case folding, tokenizing, stopword removal, and stemming), word weighting with TF/IDF, and classification with Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB)

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Fajfar, Iztok, Žiga Rojec, Árpád Bűrmen, et al. "Imperative Genetic Programming." Symmetry 16, no. 9 (2024): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16091146.

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Genetic programming (GP) has a long-standing tradition in the evolution of computer programs, predominantly utilizing tree and linear paradigms, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Despite the rapid growth of the GP field, there have been disproportionately few attempts to evolve ’real’ Turing-like imperative programs (as contrasted with functional programming) from the ground up. Existing research focuses mainly on specific special cases where the structure of the solution is partly known. This paper explores the potential of integrating tree and linear GP paradigms to develop an e

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Samina Azeem, Muhammad Shumail Naveed, Muhammad Sajid, and Imran Ali. "AI vs. Human Programmers: Complexity and Performance in Code Generation." VAWKUM Transactions on Computer Sciences 13, no. 1 (2025): 201–16. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtcs.v13i1.2043.

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Large language models, such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated the capability to perform diverse tasks across various domains, significantly enhancing efficiency. However, their growing adoption raises concerns about potential job displacement, especially in technical fields. While numerous studies have explored the performance of large language models in technical domains, a notable gap exists in evaluating their capabilities in programming. This study addresses that gap by comparing ChatGPT (GPT-4) with human experts in the programming domain to assess whether ChatGPT has reached a level where it

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Ogunkan, Stella Kehinde, Peter Olalekan Idowu, Elijah Olusayo Omidiora, and Christopher Akin Oyeleye. "First Fit Algorithm: A Graph Coloring Approach to Conflict-Free University Course Timetabling." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 17, no. 5 (2024): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5443.

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Aims: Tackling scheduling issues with the most optimal graph coloring algorithm has consistently posed significant difficulties. The university scheduling problem can be expressed as a graph coloring problem, where courses are depicted as vertices and the connections between courses that have common students or teachers are represented as edges. Subsequently, the task at hand is to assign the vertices with the minimum number of colors. In order to accomplish this task, this paper present a graph coloring technique to conflict free university course timetabling using first fit algorithms.

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Berghel, H. L., and David L. Sallach. "Computer Program Plagiarism Detection: The Limits of the Halstead Metric." Journal of Educational Computing Research 1, no. 3 (1985): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0yum-n42t-bw7g-6d5e.

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Masoud, Fawaz Ahmed. "Applying Halstead's Metric to Oberon Language." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 4 (December 1, 1999): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol4iss0pp45-53.

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Oberon is a small, simple and difficult programming language. The guiding principle of Oberon was a quote from Albert Einstein: "Make it as simple as possible, but not simpler". Oberon language is based on few fundamental concepts that are easy to understand and use. It supports two programming paradigms: the procedural paradigm, and the object-oriented paradigm This paper provides the application of Halstead's software science theory to Oberon programs. Applying Halstead's metric to the Oberon language has provided the analysis and measurements for module and within module maintenance complex

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Sehgal, Rajni, and Deepti Mehrotra. "Predicting Faults before Testing Phase using Halstead's Metrics." International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 9, no. 7 (2015): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.7.14.

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McElvogue, Molly M., Lori Steffes, Anna Burke, Ashley M. Stokes, and George P. Prigatano. "56 Predictors of Finger Tapping Variability in Older Adults Evaluated for a Neurodegenerative Memory Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723007270.

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Objective:Patients with early Alzheimer Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment of the Amnestic type (MCI-A) have been reported to show large variability of tapping scores. Factors that contribute to that variability remain undetermined. This preliminary study aimed to identify predictors of finger tapping variability in older adults evaluated for a neurodegenerative memory disorder. Based on earlier research with normally functioning adults, we predicted that the number of “invalid” tapping responses (i.e. failure of the index finger to adequately lift off the tapping key once it is depres

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Wijaya, Ryan Aji, and Karmilasari Karmilasari. "Pengukuran Kualitas Website Pengurus Cabang NU Depok Menggunakan Software Metric." Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) 10, no. 3 (2021): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v10i3.1267.

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Website Pengurus Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama (PCNU) Depok dibuat sebagai sarana penyimpanan dan pengelolaan data dalam organisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kualitas website PCNU Depok dilihat dari maintainability, flexibility dan testability. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan : analisis modul website, instalasi website PCNU, instalasi composer, instalasi PHPMetrics, menjalankan aplikasi PHPMetrics untuk mengukur kualitas website PCNU, menganalisis hasil pengukuran dari PHPMetrics.Penelitian kualitas website dengan metode maintainability index mehasilkan nilai 63,57 yang dikl

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Kazimov, Tofig, and Tamilla Bayramova. "Development of a hybrid method for calculation of software complexity." System research and information technologies, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2022.2.02.

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The use of code metrics allows software developers and project managers to evaluate various features of the software (to be built or already in existence), predict workload, determine software complexity and reliability, and quantify the quality of software systems being developed. Articles written in recent years have proposed various methods for solving this problem. However, there is still no very effective approach to measuring software complexity. This article provides a brief overview of existing software complexity metrics and proposes a new hybrid method for computing software complexi

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Пудовкіна, Лариса Федорівна, та Вадим Вікторович Сіняєв. "ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕМПІРИЧНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ І МЕТРИК ХОЛСТЕДА ДЛЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДОДАТКІВ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 86 (14 лютого 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.86.14.

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The application of empirical models and Halsted metrics to evaluate software quality is considered. The subject of the study are methods of measuring the reliability of software and its calculation model. The purpose of the work is to perform a promising direction for further research of analytical and empirical models of software reliability. The object of the study is the process of evaluating the quality of the soft-ware, which requires a large number of tasks. This leads to a variety of approaches, methods and tools. Objectives: to carry out comparative analysis of analytical and empirical

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Singh, Gurdev, Satinderjit Singh, and Monika Monga. "Code Comprehending Measure (CCM)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 1 (2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v2i1.6733.

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Software complexity, accurately, plays a vital role in life cycle of the software. Many metrics have been proposed in the past like LOC, McCabes cyclomatic measure, Halsteads measures and cognitive measures. This paper proposes a new method to measure the software complexity, by not only taking into account the internal structure of the algorithm in terms of the total cognitive weights of the basic control structures but also by quantifying the flow of data between the various basic control structures and data volume factor (variables and perators) used within basic control structure. The prel

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Katims, Phoebe A., Robert M. Bilder, and Kristen D. Enriquez. "1 Race, Ethnicity, Education, Sex and Gender Effects on Neuropsychological Test Scores: Limitations of Current Evidence and Impact on Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723007646.

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Objective:Interpretation of neuropsychological (NP) tests depends on the quality of the normative standards available for the tests. Co-norming across tests is necessary when interpreting differences between scores on different tests. The relevance of specific norms for an individual examinee further depends on multiple design features of the standardization studies, including: when the studies were conducted, sampling strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, age, sex/gender, education, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and region. This paper examines the standardization studies of the

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Pang, Ensheng, and Licao Dai. "Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures." Entropy 27, no. 6 (2025): 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060600.

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Within the scope of digital transformation in nuclear power plants (NPPs), task complexity in human–computer interaction (HCI) has become a critical factor affecting the safe and stable operation of NPPs. This study systematically reviews and analyzes existing complexity sources and assessment methods and suggests that complexity is primarily driven by core factors such as the quantity of, variety of, and relationships between elements. By innovatively introducing Halstead’s E measure, this study constructs a quantitative model of dynamic task execution complexity (TEC), addressing the limitat

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Syifa, Fauziah Nur, Trisana Nurul Anzali Nabil, Derrel Hendi Arifin, and Rangga Sidik. "Uji Kualitas Website Admin Travel Booking Menggunakan Halstead’s Metric dan Equivalence Partitioning." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 11, no. 1 (2025): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.25077/teknosi.v11i01.2025.67-72.

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Tripease is a travel booking admin website designed to enable admins with management roles for train tickets, hotel tickets, and user data. Blackbox testing ensures the software meets the set requirements and specifications and detects functional and performance errors. Whitebox testing is done to check the software's logical path by examining the software's logical structure and detecting errors, such as logical errors and script understanding errors. This research discusses testing the travel booking admin website using two methods: Halstead's Metric and Equivalence Partitions. This research

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Yakovyna, Vitaliy S., and Ivan I. Symets. "Towards a software defect proneness model: feature selection." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 4, no. 4 (2021): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/aait.04.2021.5.

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This article is focused on improving static models of software reliability based on using machine learning methods to select the software code metrics that most strongly affect its reliability. The study used a merged dataset from the PROMISE Software Engineering repository, which contained data on testing software modules of five programs and twenty-one code metrics. For the prepared sampling, the most important features that affect the quality of software code have been selected using the following methods of feature selection: Boruta, Stepwise selection, Exhaustive Feature Selection, Random

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Airlangga, Gregorius. "Integrating LightGBM and XGBoost for Software Defect Classification Problem." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 8, no. 1 (2024): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v8i1.7267.

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Software defect classification is a crucial process in quality assurance, pivotal for the development of reliable software systems. This paper presents an innovative approach that synergizes traditional software complexity metrics with advanced machine learning algorithms, namely Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of software defect classification. Leveraging a dataset characterized by McCabe's and Halstead's metrics, this study embarks on meticulous data preprocessing, feature engineering, and hyperparamet

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Mazomenos, Evangelos B., Ping-Lin Chang, Alexander Rolls, et al. "A Survey on the Current Status and Future Challenges Towards Objective Skills Assessment in Endovascular Surgery." Journal of Medical Robotics Research 01, no. 03 (2016): 1640010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424905x16400109.

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Minimally invasive endovascular interventions have evolved rapidly over the past decade, facilitated by breakthroughs in medical imaging and sensing, instrumentation and most recently robotics. Catheter-based operations are potentially safer and applicable to a wider patient population due to the reduced comorbidity. As a result endovascular surgery has become the preferred treatment option for conditions previously treated with open surgery and as such the number of patients undergoing endovascular interventions is increasing every year. This fact coupled with a proclivity for reduced working

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BARMAK, ALEXANDER, VIKTOR KUDRIAVTSEV, YRII FORKUN, and OKSANA YASHYNA. "SOFTWARE CODE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE OF SOFTWARE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-25-29.

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The paper presents the results of research of various standards, rules and methods of writing software code and analysis of their impact on software quality and the likelihood of technical risks associated with information processes within the system. Most of the risks that arise while developing software products are due to errors in building the system architecture or writing code. As a solution for such problems, it is proposed to apply the developed set of rules and methods to build the system architecture and assess the quality of writing software objects. Metrics have been developed to e

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Priyalakshmi, G., and R. Latha. "Evaluation of Software Reusability Based on Coupling and Cohesion." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 28, no. 10 (2018): 1455–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194018500420.

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Code reuse has become very popular among software developers in recent times since it saves time and resources. One of the significant difficulties to software reuse is the time pertaining to assess the fitness of the reusable code components. Over the recent years, code search engines have made momentous advancement in establishing the semantic suitability of software components for new usage scenarios. But the issue of evaluating software components based on their nonfunctional suitability has been overlooked to a large extent. The maintenance and reusability of software systems are highly i

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Hashmi, Mustafa. "On Modelling Process Aspects With Deontic Event-Calculus." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.297498.

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Intuitive and faithful modelling the compliance requirements about the process aspects is a prerequisite for their automated compliance checking. Several formalisms with varying degrees of expressiveness for modelling compliance requirements have been reported in the literature. Deontic Event-Calculus (DEC) is a normative variant of Event-Calculus (EC) formalism with predicates to modelled normative requirements. However, currently, DEC does not support capturing normative requirements about the process aspects. In this paper, we extend DEC with new deontic predicates to model process aspects

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Ali, Liaqat, Muhammad Shah, Mohammad Shahzad, Faiza Hayat, Mohammad Hanif, and Nasir Orakzai. "Simulation in Urological Training: The Hybrid Model of Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar A Comparative Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 12 (2022): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221612320.

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Background:"I fear the man who has practised one kick 10,000 times." Lee Bruce This aphorism highlights the growing importance of simulation in postgraduate urology training, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, when all teaching and training activities were stopped, jeopardising postgraduate residents' education. Postgraduate residents must perform hours of surgical training to overcome urological learning curves. According to study, residents educated on simulators boost their summative scores. By introducing simulation to urology training in a way comparable to the well-known Halsted ap

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Zasada, Andrea, Mustafa Hashmi, Michael Fellmann, and David Knuplesch. "Evaluation of Compliance Rule Languages for Modelling Regulatory Compliance Requirements." Software 2, no. 1 (2023): 71–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/software2010004.

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Compliance in business processes has become a fundamental requirement given the constant rise in regulatory requirements and competitive pressures that have emerged in recent decades. While in other areas of business process modelling and execution, considerable progress towards automation has been made (e.g., process discovery, executable process models), the interpretation and implementation of compliance requirements is still a highly complex task requiring human effort and time. To increase the level of “mechanization” when implementing regulations in business processes, compliance researc

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Adinda, Ayu Puspita Ramadhani Radityo Adi Nugroho Mohammad Reza Faisal Friska Abadi Rudy Herteno. "The impact of software metrics in NASA metric data program dataset modules for software defect prediction." June 24, 2024. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v22i4.25787.

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This paper discusses software metrics and their impact on software defect prediction values in the NASA metric data program (MDP) dataset. The NASA MDP dataset consists of four categories of software metrics: halstead, McCabe, LoC, and misc. However, there is no study showing which metrics participate in increasing the area under the curve (AUC) value of the NASA MDP dataset. This study utilizes 12 modules from the NASA MDP dataset, where these 12 modules are being tested into 14 relationships of software metrics derived from the four existing metric categori

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Muriana, Bello, and Ogba Paul Onuh. "COMPARISON OF SOFTWARE COMPLEXITY OF SEARCH ALGORITHM USING CODE BASED COMPLEXITY METRICS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i05.003.

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Measures of software complexity are essential part of software engineering. Complexity metrics can be used to forecast key information regarding the testability, reliability, and manageability of software systems from study of the source code. This paper presents the results of three distinct software complexity metrics that were applied to two searching algorithms (Linear and Binary search algorithm). The goal is to compare the complexity of linear and binary search algorithms implemented in (Python, Java, and C++ languages) and measure the sample algorithms using line of code, McCabe and Hal

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"Software Product Quality Management Methodology & the Quantitative Assessment of Analyzability Indicators." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 6 (2020): 2403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f7780.038620.

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The research paper developed a new software metric methodology for evaluating the analyzability indicator for software products. The proposed research methodology provided an objective and quantitative assessment in accordance with the requirements, limitations, purpose and specific features of software products. Forty-one (41) java programs were analyzed to extract and evaluate the software metrics described in ‘Halstead metrics. The mathematical classification model was developed to replace the expert output in the evaluating process as related to the software metric indicators. The output o

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Parvinder, Singh Sandhu, Singh Salaria Dalwinder, and Singh Hardeep. "A Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy, Neuro-Fuzzy and Fuzzy-GA Based Approaches for Software Reusability Evaluation." March 23, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1085750.

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Software Reusability is primary attribute of software quality. There are metrics for identifying the quality of reusable components but the function that makes use of these metrics to find reusability of software components is still not clear. These metrics if identified in the design phase or even in the coding phase can help us to reduce the rework by improving quality of reuse of the component and hence improve the productivity due to probabilistic increase in the reuse level. In this paper, we have devised the framework of metrics that uses McCabe-s Cyclometric Complexity Measure for Compl

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Onyango, Kevin Agina, and Geoffrey Wambugu Mariga. "Comparative Analysis on the Evaluation of the Complexity of C, C++, Java, PHP and Python Programming Languages based on Halstead Software Science." International Journal of Computer and Information Technology(2279-0764) 12, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.24203/ijcit.v12i1.294.

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Quality plays center stage in any software development industry. Software metrics have proven over time as the best measure to be used to assess and assure the software developers of the quality of their products. Halstead software science is an essential technique for measuring software complexity at the source code. In this study, we present a comparative study using this technique to help the developer by evaluating the code complexity by considering the structural composition of a programming language. In this study, an experiment was done using Halstead metrics to evaluate the complexity

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