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Journal articles on the topic 'Hammer rotor'
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1
Kim, Taewung, and Taehyung Kim. "Optimization of Hammer Peening Process for Gas Turbine Rotor Straightening." Machines 10, no. 10 (2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100950.
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Some rotors are bent permanently due to high operating temperatures, repeated transition periods, and so on. Rotors with large deformations often require straightening processes. The goal of this study is to develop a method to determine the optimal locations and strengths of hammer peening for straightening gas turbine rotors. A set of parametric hammer peening simulations were performed for various dimensions of straight rotors and peening locations. The deformed geometries of the rotor from the parametric simulations were presented as curvature vectors. These curvature vectors were fitted using an empirical function. For a given initial geometry of the rotor and hammer peening plans, the post-peening geometry of the rotor was predicted by superimposing the initial curvature and newly induced curvature. An optimization statement was defined to determine a set of hammer peening locations and strengths. Constraints were imposed to exclude areas where hammer peening could not be performed such as locations for bearings. The proposed method provides an optimal hammer peening plan for the given runout data. The proposed method was validated against a series of hammer peening test results for a simple shaft. The developed method can be applied to other types of rotor straightening methods such as hot spotting.
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Liu, Bao, Dong Xing Zhang, and Li Zong. "Investigation on the Motion States of the Hammers while Hammer Mill Steady Running by High-Speed Photography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.317.
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Actual motion states of the hammers while hammer mill steady running is an important analysis basis for the dynamic characteristics of the hammer mill rotor and the wear mechanism between hammers and hammer pivots. To investigation the actual motion states of hammers, a high-speed photography was used in this paper to record the instantaneous states of the hammers. And comparison analysis on the pictures recorded at three different working speeds was made, the results showed that, for each hammer on the hammer mill, there exists random static deflection phenomenon; and for all hammers, there exist chaos phenomena with relative rest positions in range of a certain angle.
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MARIAN, Ovidiu, Ioan DROCAȘ, Ionel BUDÄ‚CAN, Dumitru POP, and Mircea MUNTEAN. "Influence of Sieve Openings Size for Hammer Mills on the Degree of Shredding and Grinding Energy Consumption for Wheat." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (2013): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9825.
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Hammer mills are machines used in agriculture to obtain concentrated fodder mix. The hammer mills grinding materials is produced upon impact of the hammer material and crushing plate located inside the grinding chamber. Depending on the hammers rotor assembly mode, the following types of mills can be used: hammer mills articulated and fixed hammer mills. The finesse of the flour obtained is directly influenced by the type of hammer and sieve used.
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Moiceanu, Georgiana, Gigel Paraschiv, Edmond Maican, Mirela Dincă, Iulia Găgeanu, and Vlad Nicolae Arsenoaia. "Aspects regarding FEM simulation of stress in hammer mill working tool." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203018.
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Considering the need for development and improvement of biomass processing equipment, researchers bring contribution by making suggestions to design also through simulation and modelling of different stresses that occur on equipment’s working tools. In this paper the stress in hammer mill working tools was analysed using FEM simulation with the help of SolidWorks 2016 Premium, projecting the geometric model and FEM simulation for a MC 22 hammer mill. The hammer mill has a four bolts rotor on which are the hammer disposed. The hammer mills rotor frequency is about 2940 rot/min. An important result in FEM simulation was the fact that the maximum reaction in the hammer joint was 11635 N. After FEM simulation experimental research were done using shredded miscanthus and energetic willow, the mill being equipped alternately with 4 types of hammers, with corners processed differently.
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Muntean, Mircea Valentin. "The Influence of Hammer Type Used in Grinding Mills on Grist Fineness." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 70, no. 1 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:9355.
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Hammer mills are machines used in agriculture graded to obtain concentrated fodder mix and food industry for grinding vegetable raw materials necessary for obtaining various types of flours. The hammer mills grinding materials is produced upon impact of the hammer material and crushing plate located inside the grinding chamber. Depending on the hammers rotor assembly mode, the following types of mills can be used: - Hammer mills articulated; - Fixed Hammer mills. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of moisture during the operation of grinding wheat on hammer mills using the same sieve.
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Bulatov, S. Yu, N. N. Pushkarenko, P. A. Savinyh, A. G. Sergeev, and A. Marczuk. "Effect of the height of grain layer in the feed hopper on pressure created by hammers in the grinding chamber." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012036.
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Abstract Hammer crushers are used for grinding grain due to the simplicity of their designs and reliability. When crusher rotor rotates in the grinding chamber, air flows are created, which, due to the forces of air aerodynamic resistance, pick up particles of the crushed raw materials. The hammer crusher with an increased separating surface, where the working chamber is formed by two end sieves and one peripheral sieve, was developed in the laboratory of SBEI HE Nizhniy Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University. Hammers shaped as longitudinally bent steel plates straight hammers and a combination of straight hammers and angled blades installed between them were used as the working parts of the hammer crusher.
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Soldatenko, L., A. Shipko, and I. Shipko. "DIRECTION OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE WORKING BODIES OF HAMMER." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 2 (2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i2.1766.
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Among the many types of grinding machines used in enterprises of grain processing, food and other industries, an important place belongs to hammer crushers. This is explained by the possibility of their use for grinding materials of various origins (plant, animal, mineral, as well as various wastes of food production), various particle size distribution (lumpy, briquetted, granular, fibrous), having different strength properties (hard, medium hard, soft, brittle, viscous), capable of being crushed once or requiring double sequential crushing. In addition, hammer crushers are characterized by relative simplicity of design, and most importantly - they destroy materials in the most rational way - by impact loading as a result of two successive strokes: a hammer on a particle and particles on the surface of the deck. The execution of these attacks at right angles creates the conditions for the intensification of the destruction process. However, the wear of the hammers leads to a rounding of their impact faces, which makes the angles of attack in the active zone of the hammers significantly different from the direct one. Under the influence of shock-frictional loads, their working surfaces quickly wear out, which leads to a decrease in productivity and crushing efficiency, to an increase in energy consumption, a disturbance in the balance of hammer rotors, an increase in the vibroacoustic activity of crushers, and other negative consequences The invention of the “Hammer of the crusher” provides for the use of ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers, the durability of which, when using traditional materials and conventional heat treatment, is increased by 4...5 times, eliminates the need for periodic rearrangement of hammers, stabilizes the operation of crushers. The possibility of self-sharpening ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers after reversing the hammer rotor simplifies the maintenance of crushers, eliminates personnel errors when replacing worn hammers. If multi-toothed hammers are subjected to liquid non-electrolysis boration and heat treatment using an optical quantum generator, then their durability can increase by more than ten times.
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Bespoldenov, R. V., I. Ya Fedorenko, T. N. Zemlyanukhina, L. I. Shevtsova, M. V. Polkovnikova, and A. V. Ishkov. "Mechanical and physical aspects of the theory of interaction between a crusher hammer and an air-grain layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2573, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2573/1/012011.
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Abstract When crushing various raw materials of mineral, vegetable and animal origin hammer crushers of various designs are widely used, in which the rotor with hammers attached to it can be located both horizontally and vertically. During the operation of a hammer crusher with a vertical axis, a stable air-grain layer is formed near its deck, upon contact with which the crusher hammers wear out, and the wear itself depends on the contact stresses acting in the layer and the path (stay time) of the hammers in it. The problem posed is similar to the well-known problem of applied physics about a rotating disk, with the difference that tensile stresses act on the disk, and compressive stresses act on the air-grain one. The article obtained a theoretical expression for the linear wear of the crusher hammer, which depends on the characteristics of the layer, the properties of the crushed material and the grinding time, and in a complex way - from the distance from the edge of the hammer to the axis of its suspension. A comparison of the theoretical wear curves with the real outlines of worn hammers shows their identity.
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Paraschiv, Gigel, Georgiana Moiceanu, Gheorghe Voicu, et al. "Optimization Issues of a Hammer Mill Working Process Using Statistical Modelling." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020973.
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Our paper presents the hammer mill working process optimization problem destined for milling energetic biomass (MiscanthusGiganteus and Salix Viminalis). For the study, functional and constructive parameters of the hammer mill were taken into consideration in order to reduce the specific energy consumption. The energy consumption dependency on the mill rotor spinning frequency and on the sieve orifices in use, as well as on the material feeding flow, in correlation with the vegetal biomass milling degree was the focus of the analysis. For obtaining this the hammer mill was successively equipped with 4 different types of hammers that grind the energetic biomass, which had a certain humidity content and an initial degree of reduction ratio of the material. In order to start the optimization process of hammer mill working process, 12 parameters were defined. The objective functions which minimize hammer mill energy consumption and maximize the milled material percentage with a certain specific granulation were established. The results obtained can serve as the basis for choosing the optimal working, constructive, and functional parameters of hammer mills in this field, and for a better design of future hammer mills.
10
Savinykh, Petr A., Nikolay V. Turubanov, Aleksey V. Aleshkin, and Vladimir A. Suhlyaev. "The Effect of Air Pressure on the Technological Process of Grinding in the Grain Hammer Mill." Engineering technologies and systems 35, no. 1 (2025): 60–83. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.035.202501.060-083.
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Introduction. The main problem of the grain hammer mill is over-grinding of grain caused by untimely removal of the final product from the grinding chamber. A way to effect the air flow arrangement in the grain hammer mill is to change the air pressure around the grinding chamber. Therefore, the study of the effect of air pressure around the grain hammer mill on the quality and energy indicators of its operation is an urgent task today.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at determining the effect of air pressure around the grinding chamber on the air flow motion pattern in the grain hammer mill and its energy indicators.Materials and Methods. For a theoretical study of the air flow circulation in the grinding chamber, there was constructed a geometric model of the rotor placed in the grinding chamber. The Reynolds averaged equations of a continuous medium motion was the basis for the mathematical model of air motion. The calculation results were used to construct the velocity fields for the air flow. To conduct experimental studies, there was designed a pressure chamber that allows changing the air pressure in the grain hammer mill.Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it has been determined that the pressure decrease in the grinding chamber by 10 times reduces the power consumption by 112 watts. Experimental studies have shown that when the pressure in the grinding chamber decreases, the power consumed by the engine for all types of rotors decreases too. Also, an increase in air pressure in the grinding chamber leads to a change in the amount of grinded grain remains on the sieve to 0 mm: for the blade and hammer rotors, the amount of remains decreases, and for the hammer-blade rotor it increases.Discussion and Conclusions. The results of theoretical and experimental studies have shown that decreasing the air pressure around the grinding chamber can decrease the energy costs for the technological process and air flow motion inside the grinding chamber, and reduce the over-grinding of grain. The study results make it possible to design the grinding chambers for grain hammer mills taking into account the air flow motion.
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Gimaltdinov, Il'dus, Bulat Ziganshin, Ilgiz Galiev, Andrey Dmitriev, Al'bert Muhametshin, and Aleksandr Gricenko. "PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR CRUSHING EQUIPMENT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 3 (2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-71-76.
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The research was carried out in order to develop a mathematical model and a diagnostic complex to determine the residual life of the rotor bearings of hammer crushers. Residual life information is essential for proactive maintenance and to prevent equipment crashes. To achieve this goal, Kazan State Agrarian University (Republic of Tatarstan) carried out calibration studies of the dependence of the diagnostic parameters of vibration on the value of the radial clearances of the bearings. 3610 bearings with different radial clearances (0.02 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.27 mm) were alternately installed on the rotor of the KD-2 hammer mill, from the drive pulley side and from the fan side) and recorded the vibration parameters. The information was read using a piezoelectric sensor. Signal processing was performed using a VVM-201 vibrometer. The results of mathematical processing of these data are presented in earlier publications. To determine the change in the value of the radial clearance from the operating time in hours, retrospective studies were carried out directly in the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan: “Shaimurzinskoe agricultural enterprise named after A.Sh. Abdreev” of Drozhzhanovskiy region, JSC “Kiyatskoe”of Buinskiy region, the agricultural production complex “Ural”of Kukmorskiy region, etc. The average operating time of the bearings of the rotor of the hammer-type KD-2 forage grinder before the onset of a pre-failure state on the drive side was 1900 ... 2000 hours, on the fan side - 2000 ... 2100 h. Based on the results of the research, the values of the radial clearances and vibration parameters of the rolling bearings of the rotor of hammer crushers were experimentally established, the regularities of the change in the radial clearance of the rolling bearings of the rotor of hammer crushers were revealed depending on the operating time. The developed mathematical models for determining the radial clearance in the rotor bearings of the hammer crusher by vibration parameters and calculating the residual life are implemented in a diagnostic complex consisting of a commercially available VVM-201 vibrometer and a residual life attachment
12
Yarovoy, Mikhail, Roman Druzhinin, and Andrey Kornev. "Theoretical foundations for determining the energy of movement of the annular layer in a hammer crusher." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 50 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202122222.
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In the course of a comprehensive analysis of the theory of the working process of hammer crushers, the insufficiency of theoretical studies of the processes occurring in the crushing chamber was revealed. One of the areas of theoretical research considered in this article is the determination of the displacement energy of the annular layer in a hammer crusher. Keywords: HAMMER CRUSHERS, ANNULAR LAYER, PASSABLE PARTICLES, ENERGY, SPEED, HAMMER, ROTOR, WORK OF DEFORMATION, POWER
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Savinykh, Petr, Николай Турубанов, Aleksey Aleshkin, and Vladimir A. Suhlyaev. "The Effect of Air Pressure on the Technological Process of Grinding in the Grain Hammer Mill." Engineering Technologies and Systems 35, no. 1 (2025): 60–83. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.035.202501.060-083.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Introduction.</strong> The main problem of the grain hammer mill is over-grinding of grain caused by untimely removal of the final product from the grinding chamber. A way to effect the air flow arrangement in the grain hammer mill is to change the air pressure around the grinding chamber. Therefore, the study of the effect of air pressure around the grain hammer mill on the quality and energy indicators of its operation is an urgent task today.<strong>Aim of the Study.</strong> The study is aimed at determining the effect of air pressure around the grinding chamber on the air flow motion pattern in the grain hammer mill and its energy indicators.<strong>Materials and Methods.</strong> For a theoretical study of the air flow circulation in the grinding chamber, there was constructed a geometric model of the rotor placed in the grinding chamber. The Reynolds averaged equations of a continuous medium motion was the basis for the mathematical model of air motion. The calculation results were used to construct the velocity fields for the air flow. To conduct experimental studies, there was designed a pressure chamber that allows changing the air pressure in the grain hammer mill.<strong>Results.</strong> Based on the results of theoretical studies, it has been determined that the pressure decrease in the grinding chamber by 10 times reduces the power consumption by 112 watts. Experimental studies have shown that when the pressure in the grinding chamber decreases, the power consumed by the engine for all types of rotors decreases too. Also, an increase in air pressure in the grinding chamber leads to a change in the amount of grinded grain remains on the sieve to 0 mm: for the blade and hammer rotors, the amount of remains decreases, and for the hammer-blade rotor it increases.<strong>Discussion and Conclusions.</strong> The results of theoretical and experimental studies have shown that decreasing the air pressure around the grinding chamber can decrease the energy costs for the technological process and air flow motion inside the grinding chamber, and reduce the over-grinding of grain. The study results make it possible to design the grinding chambers for grain hammer mills taking into account the air flow motion.
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Tamborrino, Antonia, Claudio Perone, Gianluca Veneziani, et al. "Experimental Investigation of a New Modular Crusher Machine Developed for Olive Oil Extraction Plants." Foods 11, no. 19 (2022): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193035.
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The crushing system is crucial in the virgin olive oil (VOO) mechanical extraction process. The use of different crusher machines can highly influence the quality of the final product, mainly due to the phenolic and volatile content responsible for VOO sensory and health properties. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of the geometric features of a new model of crusher machine for olives. The crusher machine consists of interchangeable rotors: a rotor with hammers and a rotor with knives. The evaluation was carried out with the same fixed grid in stainless steel with 6 mm diameter circular holes. An evaluation was carried out on the impact of the crusher tools on the pit particle size and on the distribution of energy and temperature. The performance of the plant was also assessed in terms of process efficiency and olive oil quality. The results showed that the specific energy released by the tool per unit of product, calculated through both energy conservation and comminution theory, is about 25–27% higher in the case of hammers. Since the impact energy is mainly dissipated in the product as heat, the temperature reached during milling operations with the hammer crusher was also higher by the same percentage with respect to the knife crusher. This has important consequences on the quality of the product: the new knife rotor used in the crushing phase produced an improvement in VOO quality, relating mainly to sensory attributes and the health-enhancing properties of the final product. The ability of the crusher to break cell walls and vacuoles, thus releasing the oil contained therein, is comparable for the two different rotors.
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Kučera, Ondřej, Václav Píštěk, Oleksij Fomin, Pavel Kučera, and Sergii Sagin. "Measuring Device for More Precise Mistuning Identification of Integrated Bladed Discs." Symmetry 17, no. 5 (2025): 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050717.
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In integrated turbine wheel designs, small deviations, known as mistuning, often occur in the modal properties of individual blades due to manufacturing tolerances and material inhomogeneity. During operation, this mistuning can cause some rotor blades to be subjected to significantly higher loads than predicted for an ideal rotor. The degree of rotor mistuning can only be determined using methods of experimental modal analysis. However, the manual use of the modal hammer cannot ensure precise repeatability of the force impulse’s location and timing, leading to inaccuracies. This article introduces a mechanism that replaces manual modal hammer operations, guaranteeing consistent impact location and timing while eliminating double strikes. The device was verified on bladed discs of various sizes, and its usability is demonstrated in this article on a turbine wheel of a marine engine turbocharger. The developed mechanism automates modal hammer strikes, ensuring precisely repeatable force courses and positioning for each impact. This automation reduces the measurement time and significantly improves the accuracy. The results of this research showed that even with careful manual operation of the modal hammer by an experienced operator, statistically significant differences arise in the repeated measurements of a bladed disc mistuning, whereas with the use of the presented measuring device, the results of the repeated measurements are practically identical.
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Ämmälä, Ari. "Comparison of Pin Mill and Hammer Mill in the Fine Grinding of Sphagnum Moss." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052437.
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Dried sphagnum moss was ground using a pin mill and a hammer mill under various operating conditions, i.e., changes in the rotor frequency and feed rate. The specific energy consumption of the size reduction was recorded. The ground powder was characterized by median particle size, width of size distribution (span), loose and tapped bulk densities, and the Hausner ratio. Pin milling used less energy for size reduction than hammer milling, especially when the target size was below 100 μm. In both milling methods, the specific energy consumption was mainly caused by the rotor frequency used. However, in pin milling, the specific energy consumption was also dependent on the production rate: the higher the rate, the higher the energy consumption. No such dependence was observed with the hammer mill. The span was wider in pin milling than hammer milling in the intermediate product size range although the difference decreased at the fine and coarse ends. A similar pattern was found for bulk densities. However, the flowability of powder, as characterized by the Hausner ratio, was comparable between the grinding methods.
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Lan, Yu, X. Zhang, Zh Zhai, L. Zhao, and H. Zhao. "Reliability Analysis and Optimization of Hammer Rotor Vibration." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 53, no. 6 (2024): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1052618824701346.
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Stojičić, Ivan, Miljan Gomilanović, Daniel Kržanović, Stefan Milanović, and Tanja Stanković. "Selection of the optimal feeding variant for hammer crushers in order to achieve the designed parameters of crushed coal." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 1 (2025): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.5937/mmeb2501041s.
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The process of coal crushing for the Kostolac "B" Thermal Power Plant is carried out at the "Drmno" crushing plant using two hammer crushers of Czechoslovak production (PSP Engineering a.s. Prerov), type KDV 1137, with a nominal capacity of 1350 t/h, an electric motor power of 1000 kW, and a rotational speed of n = 593 min⁻¹ (the circumferential-peripheral speed of the hammers is approximately 49 m/s). This type of crusher requires a specific feeding regime, meaning that the material must be delivered to a designated space between the impact rollers and the rotor. Additionally, the height from which the material falls into the crusher is limited to 2.2 times the rotor diameter. It is crucial that the feeding speed of the crusher remains below 2 m/s and that the material falls precisely into the designated crushing zone. This study examines the selection of the optimal variant for uniform crusher feeding to reduce the uneven wear of the hammers.
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Hechavarría-Pérez, José Ramón, Alfredo L. Coello-Velazquez, Fernando Daniel Robles Proenza, and Juan María Menendez-Aguado. "Energy efficiency in the zeolite impact crushing plant of San Andrés (Holguín, Cuba)." DYNA 82, no. 193 (2015): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n193.46085.
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The present work deals with the impact crusher energy efficiency at San Andres Zeolitic Plant. Varying the operational parameters levels (rotor velocity, hammer row number and crusher capacity) were carried up two experimental series: First series was aimed to obtain the influence of the operational parameters on the power consumed by the crusher motor; the second series evaluated the crusher specific energy consumption behavior. First series empirical model obtained describes the influence of operational parameters on power consumption. Also the relationship among specific energy consumption and crusher speed and capacity were obtained. The most efficient operational regimen corresponded to 1100 rpm of the rotor velocity, 2 hammer row numbers and 15 t/h of crusher capacity.
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Obolenskiy, N. V., S. Yu Bulatov, and M. S. Vandysheva. "Influence of design and technological parameters of forage shredder on the specific work of shredding." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 4 (2015): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65442.
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Results of theoretical researches revealing the dependence of specific work of forages shredding on design and technological parameters of a shredder are presented. A formula is obtained; on its basis diagrams of specific work alteration depending on rotor hammer offset are constructed. It is revealed that rotor radius has the greatest influence on shredding process.
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Boekhoff, Sandra, Harald Zetzener, and Arno Kwade. "Effect of Joining Mechanism on the Mechanical Recycling of Polymer–Metal Composite Parts." Recycling 9, no. 6 (2024): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling9060106.
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In order to be able to recycle composite components made of polymer and metal, which are used in the automotive industry, the joints must be broken. The success of the separation is influenced by the stress and also by the joining mechanism between the polymer and the metal. Here, force-fit and form-fit connected components are produced and crushed in a rotor impact mill with two different rotors. The results show that the crushing results differ significantly for the different rotors and for the various joining processes. In short, the hammer-type rotor provides much finer and better-separated fragments and the force-fit joints enable a better separation of metal and polymers. The additional cooling of the samples also changes the result in a way, where deep cooling significantly improves the separation of the metal and the polymer. Different types of polymers also led to a different separation result with both rotors.
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Dominguez, E. N., and C. P. Basquial. "Development of a multi-commodity hammer mill for small-scale milling operation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1477, no. 1 (2025): 012051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1477/1/012051.
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Abstract Size reduction is essential in agricultural commodities for efficient feed utilization in animal consumption. Oyster shells and corn (including charcoal) are some of the common feed ingredients in poultry production in the Philippines which requires a maximum of 1,100 N (average 606 N) force and 280 N (average 151.2 N) force, respectively, to break. One of the common machines used in the size reduction of agricultural commodities for animal feed is the hammer mill. Common hammer design of hammer mills is a strong, hard, and thin steel vertically oriented (90°) which is attached to a shaft that utilizes mostly impact, shear, and attrition forces when it collides with the commodity. The study aimed to design and evaluate the performance of the three-rotor hammer mill machine with slanted hammers (45°) to increase the impact forces during milling. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to aid the design of the hammers and computer-aided drafting (CAD) was used in the drawing of the machine. Results of the performance evaluation showed that a 90°-45°-90° hammer design and arrangement is the most advantageous in milling oyster, corn, and charcoal when operating at a hammer speed of 2,450 RPM and fan speed of 4,295 RPM with an air inflow of 4.5 m/s and air outflow of 6.0 m/s. The machine has a noise level of 94.7 dB and an electrical energy consumption of 1,173 watts. The milling capacity of the machine is 29.57 kg/hr for oyster shell, 13.52 kg/hr for corn, and 62.51 kg/hr for charcoal with particle size output of 3.00 mm, 4.47 mm, and 1.07 mm, respectively. The cost analysis of the machine revealed a break-even point (BEP) of 46,090 kg/yr for milling oyster shell, 9566 kg/yr for milling corn, and 55793 kg/yr for milling charcoal with an operating cost of ₱2.44/kg, ₱5.33/kg and ₱1.15/kg, respectively.
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Xu, Bing, Qingliang Cui, Lina Guo, and Lirong Hao. "Design and Parameter Optimization of a Combined Rotor and Lining Plate Crushing Organic Fertilizer Spreader." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081732.
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To address the inefficient crushing of fertilizer during the mechanized spreading process caused by the caking of high-humidity organic fertilizer, a fertilizer spreader with a combined rotor and lining plate crushing mechanism was proposed in this paper. With the introduction of the basic structure and working principle of the spreader, a particle group model for an organic fertilizer consisting of both caked and bulk fertilizer was built, based on the Hertz–Mindlin model with bonding and the Hertz–Mindlin model with JKR contact, in EDEM to construct an organic fertilizer-crushing-and-spreading model. With the rotor speed, the axial distance of the hammer, and the number of circumferential hammer groups as the experimental factors and the maximum broken bond rate of the caked organic fertilizer and the minimum coefficient of variation of spreading uniformity as the experimental indices, the Box–Behnken test method was employed to establish regression equations for response surface analysis and multi-objective optimization of the test results. The results indicated that, when the rotor speed was 6.47 Hz, the axial distance of the hammer was 90.30 mm, the number of circumferential hammer groups was five, the broken bond rate reached 90.86%, and the coefficient of variation was 21.45%. Verification tests under these conditions showed a broken bond rate of 90.03% and a coefficient of variation of 22.12%, which were consistent with the optimization results. Therefore, our research provides a reference for the structural design of an organic fertilizer spreader and the optimization of its working parameters.
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Ziganshin, Bulat, Sergey Bulatov, Konstantin Mironov, Valentina Rukavishnikova, and Nikolay Shkilev. "DETERMINATION OF THE WORKING AREA OF THE EDGE SIEVE OF GRAIN CRUSHER WITH INCREASED SEPARATING SURFACE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-87-91.
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Hammer crushers are widely used for the destruction of grain in feed preparation. When they work in the grinding chamber, as a result of the rotor’s rotation, air flows arise that involve particles of crushed material and whole grains in motion, thereby creating an air-productive layer. These air flows are influenced by the shape and geometrical parameters of the blades, their location, rotor diameter and speed, and the parameters of the separating surface. Under the conditions of Knyagininskiy University, a hammer crusher with an enlarged separating surface was developed, the working chamber of which was formed by two end and one peripheral sieves. Angle hammers, straight hammers, or a combination of straight hammers and corner blades placed between them were installed on the rotor as working units. The study was carried out to study the effect of the type of working units and the area of overlapping of the edge sieve on the direction of air flows in the grinding chamber and to determine the working area of the edge sieve. Angle hammers are characterized by the movement of air flows in the axial direction and their following distribution: suction into the grinding chamber in the central part of the end sieve and ejection along the outer circumference of the sieve. Based on this, the entire area of the end sieve can be divided into three parts: the suction zone, the ejection zone and the transition zone. An increase in the length of the angular blades leads to an increase in the working area of the end screens, therefore, the use of combined working units is rational. Installation of working units in the form of straight hammers is impractical, since the working area of the end screens is minimal. It is also irrational to use working units in the form of angle hammers, since they are characterized by the maximum area of the retraction zone and a small working area of the end sieves
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Li Ya and Hu Jiming. "Design Optimization of Hammer Blade Crusher to Improve the Crushing Performance." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 25, no. 6 (2023): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i6930.
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China is a large agricultural country, each year will produce a large number of straw. The recycling of straw to China's agricultural development and environmental protection are very helpful, the recycling of straw is mainly energy, fertilizer, feed several uses, different uses need different crushing fineness, so adjust the crushing fineness can improve the recycling rate of straw. This paper mainly on the impact of straw crushing fineness factors for This paper focuses on the theoretical analysis and study of the factors affecting the fineness of straw crushing, and provides a general design plan for the crushing chamber.Firstly, the effect of different hammer and sieve gaps on the pulverisation fineness is studied and the straw pulverisation fineness is changed by changing the hammer and sieve gaps. The effect of hammer blade material, structure, arrangement, distribution density and hammer blade speed on the fineness of the straw is studied. Study the effect of the aperture size and arrangement of the sieve on the fineness of the crushing, and adjust the fineness of the crushing by changing the aperture size of the sieve. The study of the material in the crushing process generated by the "ring flow layer" mechanism, and by changing the shape of the crushing chamber structure to destroy the "ring flow layer" on the impact of the crushing performance of the crusher.Secondly, according to the production requirements of the hammer mill, the structure and material of the hammer blade and screen plate are designed and selected, and the hammer blade is analysed statically using Ansys, the rotor is analysed modally, a complete model of the crushing chamber is designed, and a three-dimensional model of the crushing chamber is built using SolidWorks.Finally, after simulation calculations, the design of the rotor headquarters structure is reasonable. An adjustable hammer and sieve clearance was achieved, reducing costs and improving the efficiency of the pulveriser crushing.
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Khankelov, T. K., K. J. Rustamov, M. Irisbekova, and D. K. Sabirova. "Substantiation of the main parameters of a hammer crusher for grinding municipal solid waste." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451503019.
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The scientific novelty of the research lies in the determination and substantiation of the rational values of the main parameters of a hammer crusher designed for grinding organic components of municipal solid waste. A method has been developed for calculating the speed and effort, as well as the maximum elastic-plastic deformation of the components of the waste due to the collision of the waste against each other, against the wall of the working chamber of the crusher, as well as against knives welded on the walls of the working chamber at different heights at an angle of 120 degrees with each other. The aim of the study is to develop a hammer crusher design with low energy and material consumption with increased technical and operational performance. As a result of the experimental studies, the dependences of the crusher performance on the number of revolutions of the rotor shaft, on the light area of the grates, and on the diameter of the rotor were obtained. The processing of the obtained experimental data made it possible to obtain a mathematical model that adequately describes the process of crushing the organic components of the waste in a hammer crusher. Design and production of hammer crushers with rational parameters will reduce energy and material consumption by approximately 1.5-2.0 times compared to traditional designs.
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КУЛИКОВА, Е. Г., С. Я. ЛЕВЕНСОН, and А. В. МОРОЗОВ. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SHAPE OF THE IMPACT ELEMENTS OF THE INERTIAL IMPACT HAMMER ROTOR." Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/ftprpi20230310.
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Приведен краткий аналитический обзор средств механизации, применяемых для оборки откосов карьеров. Описан инерционно-ударный метод разрушения породного массива в сравнении с послойным фрезерованием. Рассмотрено устройство для разработки откосов карьеров, рабочим оборудованием которого является молотковый ротор, реализующий инерционно-ударное разрушение. Представлена методика и результаты численных и лабораторных исследований динамики такого оборудования, позволившие определить рациональный диапазон значений угла заострения каждого молотка, а также предпочтительную частоту наносимых ими ударов, обеспечивающие минимальные энергозатраты на привод молоткового ротора и наименьшую передачу сил реакции породного массива на поддерживающие элементы ротора при сохранении производительности процесса разрушения. A brief review of machines for pit wall scaling is given. The inertial impact technique is compared with the surface miner operation. The authors describe an inertial impact machine with a hammer rotor for pit wall scaling. The procedure and data of the numerical and lab-scale testing of the machine are presented. The tests produced the rational range of lip angles for hammer plates and the preferable impact frequency, which ensure the minimized energy intake of the rotor motor and the least counterforce of rock mass to the bearing seat of the rotor at the preserved efficiency of fracture process.
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Vlasenko, D. A. "Estimating the Efficiency of a Hammer Mill with Combined Methods for Suspending Hammers by a Rotor." Steel in Translation 53, no. 9 (2023): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223090188.
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Akash Santosh Pawar. "Design and Analysis of Rotor Assembly of Hammer Mill Machine`." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.4.
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The project deals with the Manufacturing with Design and Analysis of Hammer Mill Machine and Rotor Assembly of Machine of Capacity of 200 Kg/hr. Which is due to providing the transmission power of 5 HP to the machine.
 In this project, the Hammer mill machine body structure, Angle Frame and foundation frame for machine is designed using Catia. Also each and every part or component is required for machine is designed. In the present work by using standard design procedures, Diameter of the rotor of shaft of machine has been designed. Theoretical calculations done by using PTC Mathcad software for new learning experience and ease. When the shaft of the rotor is rotated at the given speed (rpm i.e. 1728 rpm) and the load applied to the shaft it should not bend during rotation. When the shaft is rotated under free conditions deflections will be created due to critical speed of the shaft.
 After Designing process, some of required drawings are converted into Ansys supported format i.e. drawings are imported into Ansys for further analysis. Meshing of the shaft model was done and the loads, stresses that were applied for the shaft to be checked out that the design should be safe one. The design should be safe when the values obtained from the design procedure were compared with the standard values and result obtained from the analysis using Ansys.
 As per the designing, the required parts are fabricated such as side plates, bearing support, doors, hinge supports by using conventional methods like gas cutting, welding, drilling, shaft turning, slotting, milling, etc. and some hardware materials buy from stores which is used for further assembly process. At the final step all parts are assembled according as per requirements. At the end actual capacity of machine is calculated by using conventional method.
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Adigamov, Nail R., Rafis R. Shaikhutdinov, Ildus H. Gimaltdinov, Rishat R. Akhmetzyanov, and Rafik S. Basyrov. "Determining the residual resource of the hammer crushers’ rotor bearings." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700239.
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The practice of operating machinery and equipment that are used in animal husbandry and in the processing of its products has shown low reliability of feed crushers. As of 01.01.2019, in the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan there are about 1200 machines for grinding feed, of which 800 pcs. are hammer crushers. Most of these crushers have a service life of 10 to 13 years and are objects with low reliability. Mostly emergency stops occur due to the destruction of the rotor bearings. In the event of a sudden failure, unplanned repairs and a decrease in production efficiency occur. At the Department of Operation and Repair of Machines of Kazan State Agrarian University, research was carried out and a scientific result was obtained, which was implemented in the adapter to the vibrometer to determine the residual life of rolling bearings. Input data for this device were obtained during operational research and further analysis of the data.
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Hakim, Legisnal, Japri, and Abrar Ridwan. "Perancangan Mesin Penghalus Tempurung Biji Buah Kelapa Sawit(Endocarp Crusher Hammer Mill) Untuk Komposisi Bahan Bakar Alternatif." Jurnal Surya Teknika 6, no. 1 (2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v6i1.1868.
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Pellet biomassa adalah suatu batangan yang mudah terbakar serta dapat mempertahankan nyala api dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar untuk penyalaan ketel uap mini. Dalam pembuatan pellet biomassa yang berkualitas sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi bahan yang terdiri atas campuran 80% fiber kelapa sawit dan 20% hancuran kulit tempurung buah kelapa sawit yang dipress dengan menggunakan screw press. Kendala yang didapatkan pada saat memproduksi pellet biomassa adalah partikel size untuk pecahan kulit tempurung buah kelapa sawit yang masih memiliki ukuran yang besar sehingga tidak menghasilkan kriteria pellet biomassa yang diharapkan, maka dilakukan perancangan untuk unit mesin yang dapat memperkecil ukuran pecahan kulit tempurung buah kelapa sawit, alat ini dinamai dengan endocarp crusher hammer mill. Mesin ini menggunakan gaya impact dari hammer mill untuk memukul pecahan kulit tempurung buah kelapa sawit menggunakan energy dari elektrik motor kapasitas 0,5 HP putaran rotor untuk hammer mill adalah 800 rpm dengan nilai hancuran kulit tempurung kelapa sawit adalah 7 mesh
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Glazyrin, Gleb, Yury Kazantsev, and Nikolay Tverdokhlebov. "The Transient Processes Simulation of Kaplan Turbine Operating in Propeller Modes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.655.
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In this paper simulation of basic elements of hydropower plant (penstock, turbine, and generator) is considered. A new integral method of water hammer effect representation with elastic water column is proposed. The model of Kaplan turbine in propeller modes, considering the change of rotor speed during the transient process, is developed in Simulink simulation environment and tested for the case of real experimental data.
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Liu, Mei Ying, Rui Yang, and Xiu Wen Chu. "The Optimal Design of Vertical Hammer Mill Based on Pro/E." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.407.
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Vertical hammer mill is widely used in food and feed processing factory. It contains the rotor, sieve plate, machine body, feeding device, discharge device, diver device and etc. Traditional design method used two-dimensional drawings to express three-dimensional information of parts, which was abstract and difficult to be modified. This research utilized 3D software Pro/E to carry out three-dimensional designing, modeling, virtual assemble and motion simulation, and used structural mechanics analysis module Pro/Mechanical to carry out finite element analysis of key parts to optimize design of vertical hammer mill. In the designing process designer can easily modify the parameters, and directly observe the shape, location and movement of parts, which can greatly improve the design efficiency and level.
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Roig, R., O. De La Torre, E. Jou, B. Mulu, and X. Escaler. "Experimental and numerical modal analysis of a reduced scale Kaplan turbine model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1037, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1037/1/012006.
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Abstract This paper presents an experimental modal test of a Kaplan turbine model and provides the corresponding analysis of the results. The modal test of the rotor including the runner, the shaft and the generator was performed using, as exciters, an impact hammer and a shaker and, as sensors, several accelerometers. Additionally, numerical models of the rotor with the runner surrounded by air (dry condition) or submerged in water (wet condition) were also built. By comparing the numerical and experimental results, the main modes of vibration of a runner blade in dry conditions and of the rotor shaft both in dry and wet conditions have been identified and discussed. The most significant deviations between experimental and numerical natural frequencies were found around 10% for the rotor shaft and around 6% for the runner blade. Moreover, it was observed that the fourth mode of vibration presents the highest added mass effect with a Frequency Reduction Ratio of about 6.7% and the second mode of vibration shows the lowest damping ratios in both dry and wet conditions with values of about 1.5 and 2.1%, respectively.
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Novikov, Mikhail, Victor Smelik, Ildus Gimaltdinov, Talgat Ilyasov, Adel Yakushev, and Alexandr Andronov. "Method for automated diagnostics of the technical condition of a feed crusher." BIO Web of Conferences 105 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410503001.
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The material of the scientific article represents a separate stage of research on a topical topic dedicated to increasing the economic efficiency of feed mills. The solution to this problem significantly depends on the technical condition and quality of the work process carried out by technological equipment. Based on an analysis of the state of the issue on the topic under consideration, it was established that the most important and energy-intensive operation of the feed preparation process is grinding, performed in feed crushers. A study of the operating conditions of hammer crushers revealed the least reliable working element - the grinding rotor, the technical condition of which is determined by wear of the support bearings, increased vibration and imbalance. In order to substantiate the method of automated diagnostics of rotor malfunctions during operation, determine the accuracy of manufacturing crushers at factories, and assess the quality of service and repair at service enterprises, a scheme for static and dynamic loading of the rotor has been developed.
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Braginets, Sergey V., Oleg N. Bakhchevnikov, and Aleksandr S. Alferov. "Experimental Data of Grinding Dried Fibrous Plant Materials." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 4 (2021): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.591-608.
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Introduction. Developing a method for energy-efficient grinding of fibrous vegetable raw materials to avoid the clogging of grids remains an urgent task. The aim of the research is to study the process of grinding dried fibrous plant materials and to estimate the influence of the device operating characteristics on the quality of grinding and the process energy intensity. Materials and Methods. The experimental apparatus is a rotor grinder. Its working bodies are alternate knives and hammers. When a hammer is in motion, its triangle side creates the reduced pressure area. There was studied the influence of the linear velocities of knife motion and of feed of raw materials on fractional composition of the grinded materials, grinder productivity, and grinding specific energy capacity. Results. It is found that the change in the fractional composition of the grinded product occurs when the speed of the rotor knives increases. Optimal range of knife speed for producing the product of the required fractional composition is 55‒75 m/s. The increase in the speed leads to increasing productivity, but is accompanied by the growth of specific power intensity. If the rotor speed is constant, the increase of raw material feed increases the grinder productivity, but only up to a certain value. After that, the productivity decreases because of excessive filling of the working chamber with raw materials and clogging of the grates. For each value of the knife speed, there is an optimal feed that ensures the maximum productivity. High values of knife speed lead to significant energy intensity of the process and overgrinding of raw materials. Therefore, the optimal range of knife speed is 55‒65 m/s. Discussion and Conclusion. Effective grinding of raw materials is achieved through lower energy capacity of grinding process and absence of grate clogs resulted from separating particles from the surface of plants to be grinded.
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Michael, Volkhonov, Abalikhin Anton, Krupin Alexander, and Maximov Ivan. "STUDYING THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF THE CENTRIFUGAL-IMPACT FEED GRAIN CRUSHER OF THE NEW DESIGN." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 1 (107) (2020): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212994.
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Crushing feed grain involves hammer crushers, which are characterized by high specific energy consumption and its uneven fractional composition. It is possible to obtain high-quality shredded grain with less energy when using a centrifugal-impact crusher of the new design with a hole in the loading neck to supply the chopping chamber with additional air at a rate of up to 4.8 m/s. An additional hole provides a 1.8...13-time increase in the airspeed through the unloading neck when the rotor’s rotation frequency changes from 3,750 to 2,250 min<sup>–1</sup>, thereby enabling the timely evacuation of the shredded material from the crusher. The regression equations have been derived to determine the structural and regime parameters of the shredder, which ensure the maximal performance and minimal unit energy costs. The greatest impact on crusher productivity is exerted by the diameter of the sieve holes and the area of the bunker’s unloading window. The greatest effect on the specific energy intensity of the grinding process is exerted by the diameter of the sieve holes. The maximal performance of the crusher, 1,440 kg/h, and the minimal energy capacity, taking into consideration the achieved grinding degree, of 2.1 W∙s/(kg∙grinding degree unit), are observed when using a sieve with the holes’ diameter of 7 mm, the rotor’s rotation frequency of 3,500 min<sup>–1</sup>, and the maximally open unloading window of the bunker, at F=1.458 m<sup>2</sup>·10<sup>–3</sup>. The specific energy consumption for chopping barley is less by 1.22...1.89 times than that of the hammer crushers RVO 35, DB-5, KD-2A. The dust-like fraction is less than 5.74 %, which is half the amount of the hammer crusher DM-6. The rational crusher operation modes have been determined in order to prepare feed grain for feeding farm animals of different species and ages
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Киприянов, Ф. А., А. В. Палицын, В. А. Сухляев, and С. А. Белозеров. "Substantiation of Hammer Crusher Design with Possibility of Adjusting Parameters of Artificially Created Working Atmosphere." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 4(56) (December 30, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2021.56.4.013.
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Молотковые дробилки, используемые в настоящее время при измельчении зерна, являются достаточно энергоёмкими. Обоснование и оптимизация параметров искусственно создаваемой рабочей атмосферы в дробильной камере позволяет обеспечить снижение энергопотребления молотковой дробилки. Целью исследования является разработка конструкции молотковой дробилки с возможностью регулирования параметров искусственно создаваемой рабочей атмосферы для повышения энергоэффективности процесса измельчения зерна. Изменение частоты вращения ротора в экспериментальной дробилке, использование радиальной подачи зерна в дробильную камеру и различных диаметров отверстий для просева измельчённого материала (4 мм и 5,5 мм) способствуют снижению затрат энергии при приготовлении кормов. Проведённая серия экспериментов позволила определить оптимальные сочетания рабочих органов и вариации запланированных режимов работы для осуществления эффективного измельчения материалов в соответствии с требованиями технологии кормления и показателями гранулометрического состава измельчаемого продукта. Наиболее предпочтителен пятизаходный роторный питатель, обеспечивающий линейность характеристики подачи зернового материала в широком диапазоне частот вращения, а также высокую равномерность подачи. Это связано с наличием пяти каналов для дозирования зернового материала, которые выполнены по внешней винтовой линии ротора с небольшим перекрытием конца одного канала началом следующего, что при вращении питателя создаёт непрерывный поток зернового материала из питающего бункера в дробильную камеру. Переустановка питателя зернового материала с осевой на радиальную подачу приводит к снижению затрат мощности на привод ротора дробилки, что связано с сокращением вентиляторного эффекта ротора и изменением движения воздушного потока внутри дробильной камеры. Оценка работы измельчителя с комбинацией различных факторов, влияющих на процесс, позволила определить его эффективность с сохранением оптимальных параметров измельчаемого зерна. Hammer crushers currently used in grain grinding are quite energy-intensive. Substantiation and optimization of parameters of artificially created working atmosphere in beater chamber allows to reduce power consumption of hammer crusher. The aim of the research is to develop a design of a hammer crusher with the possibility of adjusting the parameters of an artificially created working atmosphere to increase the energy efficiency of the grain grinding process. Changing the rotor speed in the experimental crusher, using radial grain supply to the beater chamber and various diameters of holes for sifting ground material (4 mm and 5.5 mm) reduce energy consumption in the preparation of feed. A series of experiments made it possible to determine the optimal combinations of operating devices and variations in the planned operating modes for effective grinding of materials in accordance with the requirements of feeding technology and indicators of the grain size distribution of the ground product. Most preferred is a five-start rotary feeder, which provides linearity of the grain material feed characteristic over a wide range of rotation speeds, as well as high uniformity of feed. This is due to the presence of five channels for dosing grain material, which are made along the outer screw line of the rotor with a slight overlap of the end of one channel at the beginning of the next which when the feeder rotates, creates a continuous flow of grain material from the feed hopper to the beater chamber. Reinstalling the grain material feeder from axial to radial feed results in a reduction in the power consumption of the crusher rotor drive, which is associated with a reduction in the fan effect of the rotor and a change in the movement of the air flow inside the crushing chamber. Evaluation of the operation of the grinder with a combination of various factors affecting the process made it possible to determine its effectiveness while maintaining the optimal parameters of the ground grain.
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Goeva, V. V. "METHOD OF DETERMINING WEAR OF FAN BLADES CRUSHER GRAIN." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 2 (2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66270.
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It is scientifically proven that the main factors affecting the productive potential of the animals, are the structure of fodder farms, the quality of feed and methods of feeding. It is known that concentrated fodder are an important component in the diet of animals and contribute to a stronger manifestation of their productive potential. For grinding grain into livestock is usually used crusher with different working bodies. The most widely is spread hammer mill grain crusher. This happens due to the simplicity of their construction and relatively high resource of working bodies. Currently, for farmers are of great interest the small-sized feed factories and units, which include crusher grain with a fan. However, along with the obvious advantages of hammer crusher, like with forced feeding of material and with pneumatic, have a number of disadvantages, one of which is the increased wear of their working bodies: hammers, screens, fan blades. The greatest interest from the point of reducing wear represent fan blades, as changing their shape, it is possible to reduce or increase the intensity of wear. In addition, they are more prone to wear, since all of the crushed material passes through them with great speed, while in the grinding chamber, the amount of grain distributed over a larger number of hammers, and the relative velocity of grains in it decreases. The analysis showed that the intensity of wear of working surfaces of the blades of the fan depends on the coefficient of friction of grains on the blade, the angle of the blade to the radius of the rotor disc, and the greatest influence on friction force has a peripheral speed of the blades. To increase the service life of the blades and reduce the intensity of wear and tear it should be choosen the correct form of the smallest possible radius of curvature. The method is proposed on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the amount of wear of fan blades, taking into account its aerodynamic characteristics.
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Bucham, Justine O., Mustapha Muktar, and Mukhtar D. Hassan. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Direct Drive Electric Powered Hammer Mill Machine." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 2 (2022): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i2.794.
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This research designed, fabricated and tested a direct drive electric powered hammer mill machine. A 3 HP electric motor with speed of 1800 rpm was used to power the mill. The fundamentals of machine design, mechanics of machine and basic workshop technology were applied in manufacturing the mill. The calculated design values for maximum centrifugal force of the beaters mounted on the rotor and the maximum machine shaft diameter of the mill are 27 KN and 12 mm respectively. The working principle of the mill is based on repeated combined hammers (beaters) impacts and collisions of the materials being milled with the housing of the milling compartment. Tests were carried out on the mill using dry maize, dry millet, dry stock fish and the combination of dry maize, dry millet and dry stock fish as samples to determine the mill productivity and milling efficiency. In determining the productivity and milling efficiency of the mill, the initial masses of the samples were made equal. The dry stock fish sample produced the highest mill productivity and milling efficiency. The actual mill productivity of 45.05 kg/h and milling efficiency of 91.12 % were obtained by averaging the mill productivities and milling efficiencies obtained when the samples were tested. From the calculated values of the actual mill productivity and milling efficiency, the mill performance is satisfactory.
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Sadov, Viktor, and Sergey Sorokin. "INFLUENCE OF GRAINFEED METHOD RELATIVE TO ROTOR AXIS POSITION ON TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF HAMMER CRUSHER." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta 231, no. 1 (2024): 91–95. https://doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2024-231-1-91-95.
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Okojie, G. &. Agbonkhese K. "A Performance Evaluation of an Improved Palm Kernel Cracker from Locally Sourced Materials." Journal of Science and Technology Research 5, no. 3 (2023): 119–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8312971.
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<em>This paper presents the design and fabrication of an improved palm kernel cracker using available local materials and evaluate its performance. In designing and selecting of materials for the machine, consideration was given to the techno-economic status of micro and small-scale palm kernel processors who would be the intended users of the machine. The convectional palm kernel cracker which uses long rotating hammer for cracking nuts were discovered to be less efficient since it misses any nut that are not in line of action or axis of rotation. Also, by virtue of its design, cracked shell continually hint the drum (cracking house) that would lead to wear of the drum. Hence, this paper modified palm kernel cracker with a cracking equi-angularly space of three hammers welded to the rotor and housed in steel rods constructed into a cylindrical cage that has a gap between successive steel rods such that the whole kernel cannot passed through it. But only allowed cracked shell and kernel itself to pass and as such capable of making contact with every nut and thus cracking nearly all the nuts with an efficiency of74.2%,a throughput capacity of 75.6Kg/hr has been successfully and economically designed and fabricated using locally available sourced materials. </em>
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Polari, Juan J., David Garcí-Aguirre, Lucía Olmo-García, Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo, and Selina C. Wang. "Impact of industrial hammer mill rotor speed on extraction efficiency and quality of extra virgin olive oil." Food Chemistry 242 (March 2018): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.003.
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Luo, Man, Jian Hong Yang, and Huai Ying Fang. "An Investigation on Sand Production of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Using EDEM." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1226.
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Discrete element modeling (DEM) is the most suitable modeling technique to simulate the mass flow of particles in chamber recently, which is an important part of VSI to break rock. DEM is presented in this message to predict sand production within a US7 vertical shaft impact crusher. Sand production is one of important parameters to judge the productiveness of VSI. Despite complicated particle movements in vertical shaft impact crusher, it is a necessary work to study the sand production of VSI. Vertical shaft impact crusher is simulated under different conditions in EDEM software.In order to investigate effects of different parameters on sand production, four parameters which include rotor rotation, inputs, radius of particle and interval between the rock bed and throwing material hammer were separately set into simulation tests.
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Laçaj, Endri, Pascal Jolly, Jean Bouyer, and Pascal Doumalin. "Elastic and damping characterization of open-pore metal foams filled or not with an elastomer for vibration control in turbomachinery." Mechanics & Industry 25 (2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2024021.
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In this work, an experimental investigation into vibration damping of elastomer filled open-pore metal foams and their effectiveness as a bearing support in turbomachinery is presented. The polyurethane fillers known for their high-energy absorption capacity were chosen to enhance the damping performance of the metal skeleton. Aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and nickel-chromium foams (NiCr), with different relative density and pore size were tested dynamically using a dedicated device based on a single degree-of-freedom model. The results indicate that the storage modulus and the loss factor for foam-polymer composites were greater than the combined contribution of both phases taken separately. Foam morphology plays an important role in this effect and it is shown that the increase in performance was more significant for higher specific surface area. Fillers with different properties were also considered. The optimal combination of foam and polymer was selected and tested on a rotor kit test bench. Annular shaped samples were placed between the external race of the ball bearing and the housing. The tests were carried out using a flexible rotor configuration where the vibration amplitudes of the rotor were monitored for foam and foam-polyurethane composites for rotational speeds up to 100 Hz while hammer impact tests were performed using a semi-rigid shaft configuration due to higher resonance frequencies. In the first case, no significant difference was observed between the foam, foam composite and the bearings-only set-up. In the second case, the foam composite resulted with the highest energy dissipation capacity.
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De Ramos, Jose, Engelbert Peralta, Kevin Yaptenco, Delfin Suministrado, and Marife Santiago. "Optimization of Parameters in the Production of Turmeric Powder Using a Hammer Mill-Type Pulverizer." Philippine Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 13, no. 1 (2017): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.48196/013.01.2017.01.
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The effect of moisture content, rotor blade tip speed and grinding screen perforation diameter on the performance of a hammer mill-type pulverizer was studied. One hundred sixty five kilograms of turmeric rhizomes were washed, sliced, dried to different moisture contents and ground by the pulverizer. The experiment used the Box-Behnken design and the parameters were optimized using the Surface Response Methodology approach. ANOVA showed that all the control parameters significantly influenced the response variables input grinding capacity, grinding recovery, and overall average particle diameter. Input grinding capacity decreased as moisture increased from 5% to 15%, increased at high RBTS and large SPD. Blade tip speed played a significant role in the efficiency of grinding; recovery was high at high speeds (>35 m s-1 ). The average particle sizes of the turmeric powder ranged from 0.449 to 1.10 mm. Second-order polynomial models were developed to predict responses for different control variable settings. Optimum machine performance can be obtained at MC of 7.4%, RBTS of 49.1 m s-1 and SPD of 1.0 mm. At these settings, predicted values of grinding capacity, grinding recovery, and APD are 142.3 kg h-1 , 100% and 0.494 mm, respectively. End-user requirements for fine grinding and good machine performance can be obtained at these settings
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Breńkacz, Łukasz. "The Experimental Identification of the Dynamic Coefficients of two Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings Operating at Constant Rotational Speed and Under Nonlinear Conditions." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 4 (2017): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0142.
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AbstractHydrodynamic bearings are commonly used in ship propulsion systems. Typically, they are calculated using numerical or experimental methods. This paper presents an experimental study through which it has been possible to estimate 24 dynamic coefficients of two hydrodynamic slide bearings operating under nonlinear conditions. During the investigation, bearing mass coefficients are identified by means of a newly developed algorithm. An impact hammer was used to excite vibration of the shaft. The approximation by means of the least squares method was applied to determine bearing dynamic coefficients. Based on the performed research, the four (i.e. two main and two crosscoupled) coefficients of stiffness, damping and mass for each bearing were obtained. The mass coefficients add up to the complex shaft weight. These values are not required for modeling dynamics of the machine because the rotor mass is usually known, however, they may serve as a good indicator to validate the correctness of the stiffness and damping coefficients determined. Additionally, the experimental research procedure was described. The signals of displacements in the bearings and the excitation forces used for determination of the bearing dynamic coefficients were shown. The study discussed in this article is about a rotor supported by two hydrodynamic bearings operating in a nonlinear manner. On the basis of computations, the results of bearing dynamic coefficients were presented for a selected speed.
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Косолапов, В. М., С. И. Тютюнов, А. Э. Ставцев, and С. В. Зверев. "Optimization of hammer grinder for white lupine “Dega” processing." Кормопроизводство, no. 2(2021) (March 25, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25685/krm.2021.2021.2.007.
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Исследования проведены в 2019 году в лаборатории «Технология и техника мукомольно-крупяного производства» ВНИИ зерна и продуктов его переработки – филиала ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова» РАН. В качестве объекта исследований использовали зерно белого люпина сорта Дега. Эксперименты по изучению условий измельчения зерна проводились на лабораторной молотковой дробилке с регулируемой частотой вращения ротора. Рассматривалось влияние влажности зерна, скорости молотков и диаметра отверстий рабочего сита дробилки на выход крупки и содержание в ней недоруша (зёрен и частиц с остатками оболочки, крупных частей неотвеянной оболочки). Использование простой технологической схемы обрушения зерна белого люпина на базе молотковой дробилки позволило получить до 70% крупки с повышенным содержанием белка и низким содержанием клетчатки. С ростом скорости молотков и уменьшением диаметра отверстий рабочего сита дробилки выход крупки снижался, что объяснимо ростом доли мелкой фракции, которая отвеивается при пневмосепарации. Крупка представляет из себя частицы ядра с недорушем, а относы являются смесью дроблёной оболочки с мучкой — мелкой фракцией дробленого ядра. Основная доля мучки ядра была сосредоточена во фракции меньше 1,5–2,0 мм, в которой содержится больше белка. Данная фракция составляла около половины массы относов или около 15% от массы зерна. Наличие недоруша в крупке повышало содержание в ней клетчатки и снижало содержание белка. С ростом влажности и диаметра отверстий рабочего сита дробилки содержание недоруша возрастало, а при росте скорости — падало. При фиксированной влажности содержание недоруша можно снизить за счёт повышения скорости удара (увеличения числа оборотов) или уменьшения диаметра отверстий рабочего сита дробилки, но и тот и другой метод повышают энергозатраты. При возрастании скорости удара росла и производительность. The research was conducted in 2019. Hammer grinder with adjustable rotor speed was used to crush the grain of white lupine “Dega”. The effects of grain water content, crushing speed and sieve size were analyzed on grain crushing and hulling as well as the proportion of unhulled grain. This technology resulted in up to 70% of crushed hulled grain rich in protein but poor in fiber. Increase in hammer speed and decrease in sieve size negatively affected the proportion of crushed grain due to the high content of fine fractions discarded further via pneumatic separation. Crushed hulled grain is normally combined with unhulled grain. The mixture of crushed hulls and fine particles of crushed grain are to be separated. Most of the bran was found in the fraction of 1.5–2.0 mm containing more protein. This fraction amounted to 15% of grain mass and 50% of the mass to be discarded. Unhulled grain mixed with crushed hulled grain increased fiber content in the mixture but reduced protein concentration. Higher grain water content and larger sieve size increased the amount of unhulled grain, while higher hammer speed decreased its fraction. Higher hammer speed as well as smaller sieve size reduce the content of unhulled grain but increased energy costs under constant grain water content. Increase in hammer speed improved the capacity of the grinder.
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Astanakulov, Komil, Fakhriddin Karshiev, Shokir Gapparov, Dilshod Khudaynazarov, and Shavkat Azizov. "Mini crusher-shredder for farms." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404038.
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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a mini crusher-shredder for processing coarse feed stalks in farms. The feasibility of using a mini crusher-shredder for processing coarse feed in the conditions of farms and farms with a small number of animals, which has a rotary-type shredder that combines the operations of grinding and crushing, is justified. The research uses the laws and rules of mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments, and the methods given in existing regulatory documents. Experimental studies were carried out to study the influence of the rotor parameters of the mini crusher-shredder on its quality performance. A compact crusher-shredder has been developed, which has good visibility of the working bodies, high reliability, and quality of work due to zootechnical requirements. Experimental studies have established that when using a hammer of a flat-turned shape with a lower sharpening and a rotation angle of 60 or more, high-quality grinding of the stems is provided.
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Quliyev, Zakir V., Kamal G. Yaqubov, and Elman M. Aliev. "Optimizing the Parameters of a Universal Unit for Fodder Grinding." Engineering technologies and systems 35, no. 1 (2025): 121–38. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.035.202501.121-138.
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Introduction. The diversity of the fodder base and livestock in farming enterprises requires various processing lines and technological tools for fodder preparation. Most commonly, a high cost of these technological tools makes their use economically unfeasible. Therefore, an urgent task is to create compact technological tools for mechanizing the main processes of fodder preparation in farming enterprises.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at investigating the main structural-and-technological factors affecting the fodder grinding by a hammer-segment grinding tool with more efficient energy consumption indicators.Materials and Methods. The subject of the study is an experimental setup of a universal grinder with a combined hammer-segment grinding tool. During the study, optimization criteria were found and key factors influencing the grinding process were identified. There was investigated the influence of key factors, such as the rotor rotation speed and the rate of raw material feeding into the grinding chamber, on such optimization criteria as energy consumption and grinding process quality. The experimental studies were analyzed to determine the optimal combination of parameters. During the experiments, the rotor rotation speed was adjusted through changing the supply voltage frequency and the feeding of raw material of a specific mass was carried out at regular intervals. The quality of grinding was determined by the granulometric composition and the average length of the fodder particles, while the energy consumption of the grinding process was measured using an alternating current power meter. To construct a mathematical model, there was used a central composite rotatable design of the second order for two factors.Results. Based on the obtained data, there have been identified optimal parameter combinations for effective fodder grinding in accordance with zootechnical requirements and at minimal energy consumption for the grinding process.Discussion and Conclusion. The main factor affecting the energy consumption of thegrinding process is the fodder supply into the grinding chamber. The primary reason forthe increase in energy consumption is the increase in grinding force in each segment of the working tool caused by increasing the density of fodder passing through the grinding tool per each unit of time. The data obtained during the experimental study make it possible to optimize the working process of the developed universal grinder for fodder grinding to feed cattle in livestock farms.