Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hammett equation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hammett equation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Hammett equation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

Liu, Lei, Yao Fu, Rui Liu, Rui-Qiong Li, and Qing-Xiang Guo. "Hammett Equation and Generalized Pauling's Electronegativity Equation." Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 44, no. 2 (2004): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci0342122.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Reis, Jo�o Carlos R., Manuel A. P. Segurado, and Jaime D. Gomes De Oliveira. "Plurilinear improvement of the Hammett equation." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8, no. 10 (1995): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610081006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

P., K. BISWAS, and C. LAHIRI S. "Correlation of the Hammett Equation with the Solubility and Dissociation Constants of Benzoic Acid in Aquo-ethanolic Solutions." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, Sep 1994 (1994): 551–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5896208.

Full text
Abstract:
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235 <em>Manuscript received 18 February 1993, accepted 29 July 1993</em> The correlation of solubility and the dissociation constants of benzoic acids with Hammett equation in aquo-ethanolic solutions has been attempted. The poor correlation of the solubilities with the Hammett equation arises from the difference in the factors responsible for solubilisation processes. The dissociation constants in aquo-ethanolic mixtures can be well correlated with the Hammett equation and p is found to vary linearly with the percentage of the organi
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Linert, W., R. Schmid, and AB Kudrjawtsev. "Concerning the Problem of the Isokinetic Relationship. III. The Temperature-Dependance of the hammett Equation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 5 (1985): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9850677.

Full text
Abstract:
It is shown that the temperature-dependence of the Hammett equation is, in contrast to tradition, both physically and experimentally better described by means of temperature-dependent σ and temperature- independent ρ (termed ρo). The relationship between ρo and the customary (temperature dependent) ρ is ρT = ρo(1/T-1/Tbiso)/(1/T-1/Tbiso) where Tbiso , is the isoequilibrium temperature of the benzoic acid ionization, for which the present analysis suggests a value of -255 K, and T is 298 K. In these terms, the temperature variation of the Hammett equation can be evaluated by supplying merely E(
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Vandanapu, Jagannadham, та Sanjeev Rachuru. "Effect of Hetero Atom on the Hammett’s Reaction Constant (ρ) from the Physical Basis of Dissociation Equilibriums of (Dithio) Benzoic Acids and (Thio) Phenols and Its Application to Solvolysis Reactions and Some Free Radical Reactions". Advances in Physical Chemistry 2012 (3 липня 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/598243.

Full text
Abstract:
The emergence of putative Hammett equation in mid 1930s was a boon to physical-organic chemists to elucidate the reaction mechanisms of several organic reactions. Based on the concept of this equation several hundreds of papers have emerged in chemical literature in the last century on the effect of structure, on reactivity, and very few on thermodynamic stability and kinetic reactivity of intermediates. In this article an attempt is made to explain the effect of hetero atom on Hammett’s reaction constant (ρ) taking the dissociation equilibriums of benzoic acids, dithiobenzoic acids, phenols,
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bartoletti, Antonella, Simona Bartolini, Raimondo Germani, Gianfranco Savelli, and Clifford A. Bunton. "Hammett equation and micellar effects upon deacylation." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 4 (1994): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29940000723.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pytela, Oldřich, Jiří Kulhánek, Miroslav Ludwig, and Václav Říha. "Chemometrical Analysis of Substituent Effects. III. Additivity of Substituent Effects in Dissociation of 3,4-Disubstituted Benzoic Acids in Organic Solvents." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940627.

Full text
Abstract:
Sixteen 3,4-disubstituted benzoic acids (with all combinations of CH3O, CH3, Cl/Br, and NO2 substituents) have been synthesized and their dissociation constants measured in seven organic solvents (methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, pyridine, 1,2-dichloroethane). The effect of disubstitution and the validity of additive correlation relationships based on the Hammett equation have been analyzed by means of the analysis of variance, comparison of overall residual standard deviations of correlation equations of additive and additive multiplicative type, and app
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Alunni, Sergio, Sergio Clementi, Cynthia Ebert, et al. "Use of the Hammett equation in substituted thiophenes." J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, no. 4 (1985): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29850000485.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Schwan, Adrian L. "Do our students really understand the Hammett equation?" Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 12 (1993): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p1001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Shorter, John. "ChemInform Abstract: The Prehistory of the Hammett Equation." ChemInform 31, no. 33 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200033287.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

HIPOLITO, FABIO C. "Avaliação das metodologias de análise de sistemas de tubulações de vapor sujeitas a carregamentos do tipo Steam Hammer." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26938.

Full text
Abstract:
Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-21T18:18:35Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-21T18:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Carregamentos transientes termo hidráulicos do tipo Steam Hammer são eventos comuns em sistemas de tubulações de vapor com grandes potenciais de catástrofes em plantas de geração de energia. Uma vez iniciado o evento, ondas de pressões são geradas com amplitudes, geralmente, de grande magnitude ocasionando altas pressões no sistema, ruídos, deformações, fadiga, com possibilidade de danos materiais e econ
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pham, Van Thang. "Contributions à la commande prédictive des systèmes de lois de conservation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT051/document.

Full text
Abstract:
La Commande prédictive ou Commande Optimale à Horizon Glissant (COHG) devient de plus en plus populaire dans de nombreuses applications pratiques en raison de ses avantages importants tels que la stabilisation et la prise en compte des contraintes. Elle a été bien étudiée pour des systèmes en dimension finie même dans le cas non linéaire. Cependant, son extension aux systèmes en dimension infinie n'a pas retenu beaucoup d'attention de la part des chercheurs. Ce travail de thèse apporte des contributions à l'application de cette approche aux systèmes de lois de conservation. Nous présentons tou
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

Ghidaoui, Mohamed Salah. Accuracy, stability and development of water hammer equations. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Hammett Equation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5769.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zhao, Zixiang, Zhongdi Duan, Hongxiang Xue, Yuchao Yuan, and Shiwen Liu. "Effects of Inlet Conditions on the Two-Phase Flow Water Hammer Transients in Elastic Tube." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_81.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractTwo-phase flow water hammer events occur in the pipelines of the nuclear power systems and lead to transient and violent pressure shock to tube structures. For the sake of operation safety, the occurrence and severity of the two-phase water hammer should be carefully assessed. This paper presents a parameter analysis of the inlet conditions on the two-phase flow water hammer transients, with considering the elastic effect of the tube walls. A numerical model is established for the vapor-liquid two-phase flow based on the two-fluid six-equation modelling approach, with incorporating cor
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Khater, Khaled R., and Mohamed A. Baset. "Equations to Correct SPT-N Values Obtained Using Non-standard Hammer Weight and Drop Height – Part III." In Sustainable Thoughts in Ground Improvement and Soil Stability. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34184-8_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Hammett equation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_5681.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Maskill, Howard. "Correlation analysis: quantitative relationships between molecular structure and chemical reactivity." In Structure and Reactivity in Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198558200.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter evaluates quantitative relationships between molecular structure and chemical reactivity. An appreciation of the relationship between structure and reactivity is central to modern organic chemistry, and qualitative notions are introduced from the earliest stages. Consequently, organic chemists can usually predict whether there has been the replacement of a hydrogen by a methyl, for example, or whether a chlorine by a fluorine in a compound will be rate-increasing or rate-decreasing in a particular reaction. Correlation analysis is a technique which facilitates quantification of su
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

"Reactivity Models in Organic Chemistry." In Reactivity and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837670970-00054.

Full text
Abstract:
In Chapter 2 we introduce transition state theory as a general framework for the discussion of organic reactivity phenomena and also analyze its relationship to potential energy surfaces and simple rate equations. This includes the discussion of selected kinetically controlled or thermodynamically controlled reactions. On this basis we then develop more specific reactivity concepts commonly used in organic chemistry textbooks, such as the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle, Marcus theory, the “hard and soft acids and bases“ (HSAB) principle, Hammett correlations, the Mayr–Patz equation, and “frontie
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Addition–Elimination Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives." In The Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837670888-00331.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter focuses on the addition–elimination reactions of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen nucleophiles to carboxylic acids and their derivatives, as well as to carbonic acid derivatives. The esterification of carboxylic acids is discussed, and the Hammett equation and its parameters are introduced to discuss the relationship between reaction rates and equilibrium constants for some reactions of benzoic acid and derivatives. The acidic and basic hydrolysis of carboxylic acid derivatives is discussed, and the Principle of Microscopic Reversibility is introduced. The preparation and hydrolysis o
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"2 Basic equations." In Water Hammer in Pipe-Line Systems. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5648(08)70992-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"3 Solution of the basic equations." In Water Hammer in Pipe-Line Systems. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5648(08)70993-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

"4 Parameters of the basic equations." In Water Hammer in Pipe-Line Systems. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5648(08)70994-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

Zhang, Yifan, Zeyu Yan, Pradeepkumar Ashok, Dongmei Chen, and Eric van Oort. "Drilling Hard Abrasive Rock Formations with Differential Hydraulic Hammers: Dynamic Modeling of Drillstring Vibrations for ROP Optimization." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208670-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In deep oil, gas, and geothermal well construction, percussion drilling is sometimes used to improve rate of penetration (ROP) and promote drilling efficiency when breaking hard abrasive rocks (with a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) &amp;gt; 25 kpsi). Down-the-hole (DTH) differential pressure hydraulic hammers can be used to convert the hydraulic energy of the drilling mud into the percussion energy necessary for rock destruction. The appeal of using DTH hammers for deep hard rock drilling is that this is a highly mature, low-cost, and proven technology. Lacking, however, is a goo
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Leishear, Robert A. "Derivations for Hoop Stresses Due to Shock Waves in a Tube." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26722.

Full text
Abstract:
Equations describing the hoop stresses in a pipe due to water hammer have been presented in the literature in a series of papers, and this paper discusses the complete derivation of the pertinent equations. The derivation considers the pipe wall response to a water hammer induced shock wave moving along the inner wall of the pipe. Factors such as fluid properties, pipe wall materials, pipe dimensions, and damping are considered. These factors are combined to present a single, albeit rather complicated, equation to describe the pipe wall vibrations and hoop stresses as a function of time. This
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Prica, Sanja, Vladimir Stevanovic, and Blazenka Maslovaric. "Numerical Simulation of Condensation Induced Water Hammer." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49404.

Full text
Abstract:
A numerical model for the simulation and analyses of condensation induced water hammer is presented and applied to the prediction of intensive pressure waves propagation in a two-phase pipe system. The modelling approach is based on the one-dimensional homogeneous two-phase flow model, tracking of the water column–steam bubble interface and modelling of the direct steam condensation on the subcooled liquid. The mass, momentum and enthalpy conservation equations are solved with the method of characteristics. The explicit time integration is performed along the three characteristic paths, where
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jafri, Syed Muhammad Mohsin, and Phayak Takkabutr. "Dynamic Stresses in a Driven Pile During Installation-Classical Wave Equation Model Solution Using Partial Differential Equations." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24669.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper derives and solves the governing dynamic wave equation of motion of a driven pile during the installation phase, when the driven pile is subjected to hammer blows. The pile is assumed as an elastic solid body. The equation of motion is a partial differential equation in space (axial coordinate) and time. The governing partial differential equation of motion is solved for installation boundary conditions, and simplified soil resistance models. The solution of the governing equation yields important design parameters, such as stress variation at any cross-section along the pile length
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Walters, Trey W., and Robert A. Leishear. "When the Joukowsky Equation Does Not Predict Maximum Water Hammer Pressures." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84050.

Full text
Abstract:
The Joukowsky equation has been used as a first approximation for more than a century to estimate water hammer pressure surges. However, this practice may provide incorrect, non-conservative, pressure calculations under several conditions. These conditions are typically described throughout fluid transient text books, but a consolidation of these issues in a brief paper seems warranted to prevent calculation errors in practice and to also provide a brief understanding of the limits and complexities of water hammer equations. To this end, various issues are discussed here that result in the cal
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chua, K. M., S. Gardner, and L. L. Lowery. "Wave Equation Analysis of a Vibratory Hammer-Driven Pile." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5396-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhang, Qinfen, and Bryan Karney. "Pipe Systems With Micro-Turbines: Water Hammer Considerations." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45259.

Full text
Abstract:
Micro and small turbines, as a means of producing clean and renewable energy by transforming hydropower to electricity, can be used extensively in pipe systems. With respect to hydraulic transient modeling, governed turbines have two additional features compared to the more familiar pump boundary condition: namely, wicket gate adjustments and more complicated device characteristics. Based on head balance (or nodal flow balance) considerations, torque (or speed change) relations, and the governor equation, a numerical model of the turbine boundary condition in a pipe system is established. The
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jia, Yi, Ezequiel Me´dici, Frederick Just-Agosto, David Serrano, and Luciano Castillo. "Water Hammer Induced Vibration of a Fluid Filled Pipe." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81762.

Full text
Abstract:
The objectives of this study are to analyze the behavior of a pipe under different valve open and closure times and to predict water hammer-induced transient maximum pressure, deflection and frequency of vibration in a fluid filled pipe. The model that integrated a classical formulation of water hammer problem and beam vibration equation was developed and a numerical simulation including frictional losses has been carried out. The MacCormak and Runge-Kutta methods were used to solve governing partial differential equations in order to investigate water hammer induced vibration of a fluid fille
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dao-Xun, Liao, Lu Yong-Zhong, and Huang Xiao-Cheng. "Theory and Method of Dynamic Modeling for Multilayer Vibration Isolation System." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14078.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The multilayer vibration isolation system has been widely applied to isolate vibration in dynamic devices of ships, high-speed vehicles forging hammer and precise instruments. The paper is based on the coordinate transformation of space general motion for mass blocks (rigid bodies) and Lagrangian equation of multilayer vibration isolation system. It gives a strict mathematical derivation on the differential equation of the motion for the system with six degrees of freedom of relative motion between mass blocks (including base). The equations are different from the same kind of equatio
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Carvalho, Raphael, Helcio Orlande, Marcelo Colaco, and Italo Madeira. "APPLICATION OF WAF-TVD SCHEME FOR WATER HAMMER EQUATIONS." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0080.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Hammett equation"

1

Rushing, John, Lulu Edwards, Haley Bell, and Margarita Ordaz. Rapid assessment tools for estimating trafficability of low volume roads. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49560.

Full text
Abstract:
Rapid assessment of low-volume road surfaces remains a challenge when attempting to forecast allowable vehicle crossings. Variations in soil type, compaction effort, and moisture content of the soil can greatly affect trafficability, and predictive equations for soil deformation under vehicle loads often have reduced reliability for low-strength materials. Portable tools to characterize soil stiffness and corresponding relationships to load-induced deformation are needed. In this effort, researchers performed comparative testing of multiple rapid assessment tools as potential devices for givin
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Hammett equation' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography