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Journal articles on the topic 'Hamstring'
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1
Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki-Mo Jang, Eunseon Kim, Hye Chang Rhim, and Hyeong-Dong Kim. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching With Strengthening Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Who Have Inflexible Hamstrings: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 1 (2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120932911.
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Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome is closely associated with muscle tightness. However, studies regarding the effects of stretching exercises on PFP patients with inflexible hamstrings are scarce. The aim of the study was to compare the effects between static and dynamic hamstring stretching in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings. Hypothesis: Compared with static hamstring stretching, dynamic hamstring stretching will improve the parameters of hamstring flexibility, knee muscle strength, muscle activation time, and clinical outcomes in this patient population. Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 46 patients (25, static stretching; 21, dynamic stretching) participated. Hamstring flexibility was assessed according to the popliteal angle during active knee extension. Muscle strength and muscle activation time were measured using an isokinetic device. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). Results: There were no differences in hamstring flexibility and knee muscle strength of the affected knees between the groups ( P > 0.05). Significantly improved muscle activation time and clinical outcomes of the affected knees were observed in the dynamic stretching group compared with the static stretching group (all Ps < 0.01 for hamstring, quadriceps, VAS, and AKPS). Conclusion: In patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings, dynamic hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises was superior for improving muscle activation time and clinical outcomes compared with static hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians and therapists could implement dynamic hamstring stretching to improve function and reduce pain in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings.
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Shahariyar Ahmed, Asifuzzaman, Gourang Kumar Padhy, and Dushyant Bawiskar. "Effectiveness of myofascial release in increasing hamstringflexibility: a brief study." BOHR International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijsshr.2023.17.
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Hamstring tightness is a common issue that affects many people. The flexibility and range of motion of the jointure both limited when this muscle is contracted. Lower back and lower extremity problems are frequently linked to poor hamstring flexibility. Active release technique and myofascial release technique can improve hamstring flexibility. The major goal of this study is to increase hamstring flexibility so that we can compare active release technique with myofascial release technique for effectiveness. The appropriate course of action for treating those with tight hamstrings to increase their hamstring flexibility can then be determined.
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Kellis, Eleftherios, Nikiforos Galanis, and Nikolaos Kofotolis. "Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio in Female Athletes with a Previous Hamstring Injury, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Controls." Sports 7, no. 10 (2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7100214.
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Muscle strength imbalances around the knee are often observed in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery and hamstring muscle injury. This study examined three hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio types (conventional, functional, and mixed) in thirteen female athletes with a history of hamstring injury, fourteen basketball players following ACL reconstruction and 34 controls. The conventional (concentric H:Q) peak torque ratio was evaluated at 120°·s−1 and 240°·s−1. The functional (eccentric hamstring to concentric quadriceps) torque ratio was evaluated at 120°·s−1. Finally, the mixed (eccentric hamstrings at 30°·s−1 to concentric quadriceps at 240°·s−1) torque ratio was calculated. Both ACL and the hamstring-injured groups showed a lower quadriceps and hamstrings strength compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, non-significant group differences in the H:Q ratio were found (p > 0.05). Isokinetic assessment of muscle strength may be useful for setting appropriate targets of training programs for athletes with a history of ACL surgery or hamstring strain. However, isokinetic evaluation of the H:Q ratio is not injury—specific and it does not vary between different methods of calculating the H:Q ratio.
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Lubis, Andri. "ACL reconstruction: Which grafts can be used if hamstring is too small?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 11_suppl6 (2019): 2325967119S0045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00458.
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Hamstring grafts are the most often grafts used for ACL reconstruction procedures. Especially in Asia, hamstrings are preferable since small incision for taking the graft, and not produce anterior knee pain during kneeling, since there is no bony part taken. However, sometimes hamstring is too small for the graft. Many literatures mention that at least 7-8 mm needed for the best result of ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon. It is not easy to predict the size of the hamstring tendon before surgery. Quadriceps tendons are good alternative as the grafts for ACL reconstruction. However, sometimes surgeons realize that hamstring is too small after they took the hamstring. The peroneus longus tendon can be added to the small hamstring. Even though peroneus longus tendon should not be used routinely, it could be considered if the hamstring that has been taken is too small.
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Shahariyar Ahmed, Asifuzzaman, and Gourang Kumar Padhy. "Effectiveness of Myofascial Release in Increasing Hamstring Flexibility: A Brief Study." BOHR International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijsshr.017.
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Hamstring tightness is a common issue that affects many people. The flexibility and range of motion of the joint are both limited when this muscle is contracted. Lower back and lower extremity problems are frequently linked to poor hamstring flexibility. Active release technique and myofascial release technique can improve hamstring flexibility. The major goal of this study is to increase hamstring flexibility so that we can compare active release technique with myofascial release technique for effectiveness. The appropriate course of action for treating those with tight hamstrings to increase their hamstring flexibility can then be determined.
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Hadi, Putra, and Faridah Faridah. "Edukasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Cedera Hamstring pada Pemain Sepak Bola di Komunitas Jambi Fun Soccer." Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) 6, no. 2 (2024): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jak.v6i2.680.
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Hamstring injury is an injury to the hamstring muscle tissue due to direct or indirect damage from being stretched beyond normal limits. This injury often occurs in the groin muscles, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscles. Hamstring injuries often occur in altitudinarians usually in one of the hamstrings muscles that are torn or stretched due to trauma and sudden movement or Movement suddenly stops. The objective of this study is to increase knowledge about handling hamstring injuries in soccer players in the Jambi Fun Soccer community. Methods: this community service is in the form of delivering material and practicing directly with the help of leaflet and presentation media as well as simulation of injury management program exercises in the form of Stretching Exercise techniques or Stretching Exercises in the Hamstring area. After this counseling is done is the increased knowledge of soccer players about hamstring strain injuries and the importance of stretching exercise in handling sports injuries. This is indicated by the ability of the players to answer questions given after counseling. Conclusion: The positive response given by the players was very diverse and on average gave a very satisfied response to the implementation of this work program.
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Paranjape, Swati, and Nishigandha Naik. "Comparison of Effectiveness of Passive Hamstring Stretching Technique and Neurodynamic Sciatic Nerve Sliding Technique in Low Back Pain." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 12 (2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211208.
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Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is a very common health problem worldwide having global point prevalence of 9.4%. Correlations have been found between decreased length of the hamstrings and LBP. It was found that improving the flexibility of hamstrings can significantly reduce chronic LBP. This study compared the effectiveness of two techniques i.e. passive hamstring stretching technique (PHS) and neurodynamic sciatic nerve sliding technique (NDS) on hamstring flexibility and pain in non-radiating LBP patients. Methods: 26 patients between the age group of 25-45 years having non-radiating LBP were recruited in the study. Group A (n=13) were given passive hamstring stretching while Group B (n=13) performed neurodynamic sciatic nerve sliding technique under guidance of the researcher. Baseline data were obtained for hamstring length and pain before and after intervention. Pain was assessed using ‘visual analogue scale’ and hamstring length was measured using ‘passive knee extension test’. Intervention was performed on alternate days for three sessions with 48 hours rest period in between each session. Results: Data were analysed for hamstring length and pain between both the groups using ‘unpaired t’ test. NDS technique was statistically significantly more effective in improving pain (p =0.03 at 95%CI= -2.07 to -0.09). There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of both techniques in improving hamstring length (p =0.08 at 95%CI= -3.4 to 0.25). Conclusions: Both the techniques are equally effective in improving hamstring length, however NDS was more effective in improving pain in low back pain patients as compared to PHS. Keywords: Low back pain; Neural sliders; Static hamstring stretch; Hamstring flexibility .
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Lempainen, Lasse, Jussi Kosola, Ricard Pruna, et al. "Central Tendon Injuries of Hamstring Muscles: Case Series of Operative Treatment." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 2 (2018): 232596711875599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118755992.
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Background: As compared with injuries involving muscle only, those involving the central hamstring tendon have a worse prognosis. Limited information is available regarding the surgical treatment of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings. Purpose: To describe the operative treatment and outcomes of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings among athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eight athletes (6 top level, 2 recreational) with central hamstring tendon injuries underwent magnetic resonance imaging and surgical treatment. The indication for surgery was recurrent (n = 6) or acute (n = 2) central hamstring tendon injury. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol, and return to play was monitored. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging found a central tendon injury in all 3 hamstring muscles (long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus) with disrupted tendon ends. In acute and recurrent central tendon injuries, full return to play was achieved at 2.5 to 4 months. There were no adverse events during follow-up. Conclusion: Central tendon injuries of the hamstrings can be successfully repaired surgically after acute and recurrent ruptures.
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Khalil, Elaaf, Ruhma Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan, Amna Khalid, Sultan Ayaz, and Hassan Javed. "Prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours Authors." International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52461/ijnms.v1i4.1040.
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Background: Hamstrings undergo adaptive shortening. It is common in healthy individuals to have a sedentary lifestyle affecting males (91.8%) more than females (78.7%). Hamstring tightness can interrupt ADL’s predisposing the person to further health problems i.e. plantar fasciitis, sacroiliac joint pain, decreased lumbar lordosis, knee pain, quadriceps malfunction, postural disturbances, overstretched lumbar ligaments, reduced muscle strength. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its effects on lower extremity function in individuals with prolonged standing. Materials and Methods: 65 participants were chosen for this cross-sectional study by convenient sampling; all were female nurses. The hamstring tightness was measured by the data collection tools i.e. lower limb task questionnaire, straight leg raise test, and active knee extension test after having the consent forms signed by the participants. The data was collected from three big hospitals in the city. Results: The results of the study conducted to see the prevalence of hamstrings tightness and its impact on lower extremity function in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours showed that only 15.38% of the sample (n=65) with a mean age of 31-35 years were found with bilateral hamstrings tightness while 84.62% were found with no hamstrings tightness. Conclusion: The prevalence of hamstring tightness in asymptomatic individuals with prolonged standing hours is low.
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Shi, Yinbin, Gengsi Xi, Mengzi Sun, Yuliang Sun, and Li Li. "Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412713.
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Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.
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Sannicandro, Italo, Giacomo Cofano, and Paolo Traficante. "Methodology and exercises to reduce the hamstring injury risk: from literature knowledges to the field." MOJ Sports Medicine 4, no. 1 (2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2020.04.00088.
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Injury prevention is a topic that has received greater attention in recent years: in fact, even if knowledge and research about prevention has increased, the injury incidence remains very high, especially as regards the hamstring district. As can be seen from the scientific literature, there are many studies that have described risk factors, but above all what strategies can be used to decrease this incidence through the prevention exercises. The exercise considered the gold standard for the hamstring injuries prevention is the Nordic hamstring although the literature highlights the particular complexity of the anatomical district of hamstrings. For these reasons, it seems simplistic and reductive to assume that one exercise is sufficient. In this study is proposed further exercises proposed in the literature that can integrate the traditional Nordic hamstring and help to activate more fully all the muscle heads that make up the hamstrings. In conclusion, in a prevention session or in a strength session, in addition to the Nordic hamstring exercise, other exercises could be included, such as the Laying Kick, the Standing Kick, the Nordic bump, the Nordic with return, the Cranes and the Cranes return.
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Ferreira, Ricardo Maia, Pedro Nunes Martins, Hugo Nunes, Luís Gonçalves Fernandes, César Ferreira Amorim, and Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira. "The Effects of the Leg Position on the Nordic Hamstring Exercise Eccentric Force: A Randomized Cross-Over Study." Muscles 3, no. 3 (2024): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/muscles3030023.
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Given the posterior chain configuration, it is anticipated that tibial positioning influences hamstring recruitment; medial hamstrings should be more activated during medial rotation, while lateral hamstrings should be more activated during lateral rotation. However, most studies showing this pattern have focused on concentric or isometric strength, leaving the influence on eccentric strength fairly unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the electromyographic response of the hamstring muscles during Nordic hamstring exercises in three leg positions: internal rotation, external rotation, and neutral. This study encompassed a randomized crossover study and used surface electromyography to analyze the activity of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles during the Nordic hamstring exercise, in the three positions. Results indicated no statistically significant differences in muscle activation between positions or sides (p > 0.05), though small effect sizes were observed for the biceps femoris in different positions (η2 = 0.01–0.03). Furthermore, the internal rotation position generally elicited the highest muscle activations. Notably, biceps femoris muscles exhibited higher activations compared to semitendinosus muscles, with the greatest differences seen in the internal rotation position. This suggests that tibial rotation influences hamstring recruitment patterns; however, it was lower than expected.
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Rusdiawan, Afif, Donny Ardy Kusuma, Awang Firmansyah, et al. "A combination of swissball hamstring curl and stiff-leg deadlift training on agility, hamstring asymmetry, and leg power in badminton athletes with hamstring asymmetry conditions." Retos 59 (August 22, 2024): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107995.
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Exercise-based physical therapy has become a crucial element of sports medicine, particularly in addressing conditions such as hamstring asymmetry in athletes. To find out the impact of 10 weeks of stiff-leg deadlift and Swiss ball hamstring curl training on the asymmetries of hamstrings, agility, and leg power in badminton athletes with asymetry conditions. The study design employed was a quasi-experimental pre-post design. The prepared programme gave the sample a combination of stiff-leg deadlift and Swiss ball hamstring curl training for 10 weeks. Data was collected twice during the pretest and posttest by measuring hamstring asymmetry using the Norboard, agility using the Illinois agility run test, and leg power using the Force Plate. Paired sample t tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the initial test results obtained before and after hamstring muscle strengthening training for 10 weeks, which resulted in a p value of less than 0.05. The Wilcoxon test results for the hamstring asymmetry variable show a p-value of 0.000, and the agility variable shows a p-value of 0.001. Meanwhile, the leg power variable using a paired sample t test resulted in a p-value of 0.035. Engaging in a 10-week training program that combines stiff-leg deadlifts and Swiss ball hamstring curls can enhance the strength of the hamstring muscles and improve agility and leg power in athletes with a hamstring asymmetry ≥ 10%. Keywords: Hamstring Asymmetry, Agility, Leg power, Badminton.
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Ebert, Dr Jay, Dr Peter Edwards, Dr Steven Cecchi, et al. "A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL ASSESSING A BRACE-FREE AND ACCELERATED WEIGHT-BEARING PROTOCOL AFTER SURGICAL REPAIR OF ACUTE PROXIMAL HAMSTRING TENDON AVULSIONS." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (2024): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.313.
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INTRODUCTION & AIMS Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion from the ischial tuberosity is a significant injury, with surgical repair advocated. After surgery, limited data exists regarding the optimal rehabilitation regime with extensive variation in published protocols. This study investigated patient outcomes following a traditionally conservative (CR) versus accelerated (AR) rehabilitation regimen after proximal hamstring tendon repair. METHODS This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) allocated 50 patients undergoing proximal hamstring tendon repair to either a braced, partial weight-bearing rehabilitation regime (CR=25) or an accelerated, unbraced regime, that permitted full weight-bearing as tolerated (AR=25). Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery, via patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The single (SHD), triple (THD) and triple crossover (TCHD) hop tests were assessed at 6 and 12 months, as was peak isometric hamstring strength and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor torque. RESULTS All PROMs improved (p&gt;0.05) and, while the AR group reported a significantly better Physical Component Score for the SF-12 at 3 months (p=0.022), as well as a lower severity of hamstring pain at 12 months (p=0.032), there were no other group differences. Peak isometric hamstrings strength and peak isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings torque symmetry were all comparable between groups (p&gt;0.05). While the AR group demonstrated significantly better (p=0.009) limb symmetry for the THD at 6 months, no other hop test differences were seen between groups. Three re-injuries have been observed (CR=2, AR=1). CONCLUSION After proximal hamstring repair surgery, post-operative outcomes following an accelerated rehabilitation regimen were largely comparable to a traditionally conservative
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Rahim, Maryam, Shahzana Khalid, Zainab Saad, and Khawar Khattak. "Effects of hamstring stretching using pressure bio feedback unit in patients with low back pain." Rehabilitation Journal 08, no. 01 (2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/trehabj.v8i01.58.
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Background: Hamstring tightness can alter lumbar posture, impact pelvic alignment, and exacerbate low back pain. It's important to research whether hamstring stretches with a pressure biofeedback unit work for those with low back pain. Objectives: To determine the effects of hamstring stretching using a pressure biofeedback unit in patients with low back pain. Methodology: A total of n=38 Male and female subjects between the ages of 25-40 years, with >3 months history of low back pain having bilateral hamstring shortening less than 70O, and (ODI) score between 20% to 40% were enrolled in the study. The data was collected from Railway General Hospital and randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A (n=18) received Active Hamstring stretch with a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). Group B (n=19) received only Active Hamstring stretch without PBU Outcome measures such as pain, hamstring length, and ODI score were measured at baseline, after the second and fourth weeks. The data was entered and evaluated by using SPSS-25. Results: The results of this study showed no significant difference between group A and group B for ODI individual items as well as ODI overall score p≥0.05. Moreover, no significant difference in NPRS score p≥0.05. however, it showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in hamstring muscle length on both legs p<0.01. Conclusion: It is concluded that hamstring stretching using a PBU causes a greater improvement in the flexibility of hamstring muscles as compared to the flexibility of hamstrings when stretched without PBU. Keywords: flexibility; hamstring muscle; low back pain; pressure bio feedback. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05059496
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Harput, Gulcan, Hasan Erkan Kılınc, Hamza Özer, Gül Baltacı, and Carl G. Mattacola. "Knee Muscle Strength Recovery in the Early Period After ACL Reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (2014): 2325967114S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00141.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstrings isometric strength at 4, 8 and 12 week time points following ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time. The primary hypothesis was that there would be significant increases in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths between the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks following ACLR. The secondary hypothesis was that the quadriceps index would be higher than hamstring index at 12th week after ACLR. Methods: Thirty patients (Mean ± SD [age, 29.1±2.3yrs; weight, 77.3±13.2kg; height, 172.1±7.1cm; BMI, 21.2±3.5kg/m2, time to surgery: 7.1±7.2 months]) who underwent ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Autograft (HTG) were enrolled in this study. The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° knee flexion angle at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery. The recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength following rehabilitation was expressed as a Quadriceps Index (QI) and Hamstring Index (HI) and calculated with the following formula:[(maximum voluntary isometric torque of the involved limb / maximum voluntary isometric torque by uninvolved limb) × 100]. Torque output of the involved and uninvolved limbs and quadriceps and hamstring indexes were used for the statistical analysis. A repeated measures of ANOVA was used to determine the strength changes of quadriceps and hamstrings over time. Results: Quadriceps and Hamstrings strengths significantly increased over time for both involved (Quadriceps: F (2,46)=58.3, p<0.001, Hamstring: F (2,46)=35.7, p<0.001) and uninvolved limb (Quadriceps: F(2,46)=17.9, p<0.001, Hamstring: F(2,46)=56.9, p=0.001 ). Quadriceps strength was higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points for the involved limb (p<0.001), and it was higher at 8th week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb, quadriceps strength was also higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 (p=0.02) and 4 week time point (p<0.001), and higher at 8 week when compared to the 4 week time point (p=0.02). Hamstring strength was higher at 12 week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points (p<0.001) and it was higher at 8 week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb hamstring strength was also higher at 12 week when compared to 4 week time point (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 week time points (p>0.05) or between the 8 and 12 week time points (p=0.07). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4th weeks (QI:57.9, HI:54.4 ) to 8th weeks (QI:78.8, HI:69.9 ) and from 8th weeks to 12th weeks (QI:82, HI:75.7 ) (p<0.001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-week time point (p=0.17). Conclusion: Isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles for the involved and uninvolved limb increased during the early period of ACLR. The results of this study could be a baseline for clinicians while prescribing a rehabilitation protocol for ACLR patients with HTG to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase.
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Abbas, Janan, Noa Reif, and Kamal Hamoud. "Is Hip Muscle Flexibility Associated with Low Back Pain Among First-Year Undergraduate Students?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (2024): 7598. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247598.
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Background/Objectives: Hip muscle lengthening is commonly associated with the normal function of the lumbar spine and lower extremities. Some evidence correlates hamstring and iliopsoas tightness with low back pain (LBP). Undergraduates are more prone to LBP as they are involved in prolonged sitting and poor posture. This study aims to assess the impact of hip muscle lengthening on LBP. Methods: This article involves a descriptive study of 70 students who were recruited from Zefat Academic College. Measurement of hamstrings and iliopsoas muscle lengthening, as well as a constructive questionnaire, were used. Results: The majority of participants (80% for hamstrings and 96% for iliopsoas) manifested normal muscle lengthening. Muscle flexibility was significantly higher among females. Logistic regression analyses revealed that hamstring lengthening (right) and stress-related study are significantly associated with LBP. Conclusions: The current study indicates that muscle length is female-dependent and right–left muscle length is symmetrical. Increased hamstring length could be related to LBP.
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Rathore, Mrithunjay, Vijayakumari j, Garima Jaiswal, and Shikha Mankotia. "Functional Anatomy of the Hamstring Muscle and Its Correlation with the Various Yogic Postures: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, no. 4 (2022): 8489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.234.
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Yoga is believed to be a safe practice; nonetheless, as the number of yoga practitioners has grown, so has the incidence of yoga-related injuries. Overall, lower extremity injuries comprised 64% of total injuries; specifically, the hip, hamstring, knee, ankle, feet and toe. Although a few research studies have quantified the hamstring muscle activities in various yoga asanas, evidence correlating it to functional anatomy is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine the literature and analyse hamstrings activity and its relationship to yogic postures, as well as yoga-related injuries, to establish which poses provide the most risk of damage, and to suggest injury-prevention techniques. The following electronic databases were used to conduct the literature search: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science. hamstring muscle injuries OR yoga and rehabilitation OR intervention AND electromyography was among the search phrases utilized. Such information is important for yoga teachers, yoga therapists to help selecting yoga posture for hamstring muscle imbalance condition and avoiding posture to prevent hamstring muscle injury. KEY WORDS: Hamstring Muscle Activation and Injuries, Yoga Posture.
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Ansari, Noureddin Nakhostin, Parisa Alaei, Soofia Naghdi, Zahra Fakhari, Shiva Komesh, and Jan Dommerholt. "Immediate Effects of Dry Needling as a Novel Strategy for Hamstring Flexibility: A Single-Blinded Clinical Pilot Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 2 (2020): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0013.
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Context: There are numerous studies on the benefits of dry needling (DN) for pain relief. No studies exist examining the effects of DN on hamstring flexibility. Objective: To determine the immediate effects of DN on hamstring flexibility in healthy subjects with shortened hamstrings. Design: A single-blinded, pretest–posttest clinical pilot study. Setting: A university physiotherapy clinic. Subjects: A total of 15 healthy subjects (female = 11; age = 23.26 [4.3] y) with shortened hamstrings participated in this study. Intervention: Subjects received a single session of DN. Three locations on the hamstring muscle group were needled, each for 1 minute. Main Outcome Measures: The active knee extension test, muscle compliance, passive peak torque, and stretch tolerance were measured at baseline, immediately, and 15 minutes after DN. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in all outcome measures immediately after DN and at the 15-minute follow-up. The effect sizes for all outcome measures were large (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.8). No serious adverse events were observed with DN. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates the beneficial effects of DN on hamstring flexibility, muscle compliance, and stretch tolerance without added stretching. The beneficial effects of DN should encourage clinicians to use DN as a novel strategy for increasing muscle flexibility.
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Rovendra, Erit. "Pengaruh Pemberian Cryoterapi Dan Stretching Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Cedera Hamstring Pada Pemain Sepak Bola Remaja Di Nagari Tandikat Selatan Tahun 2020." Journal of Health Educational Science And Technology 4, no. 1 (2021): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/htc.v4i1.3778.
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Abstrak : Cedera hamstring adalah cedera pada jaringan otot hamstringkarena kerusakan langsung atau tidak langsung akibat teregang melebihi batas normal. Cedera ini sering terjadi pada bagian groin muscles, hamstring, dan otot quadricep.Cedera ini sering terjadi pada atlet dimana salah satu otot paha belakang mengalami robekan atau peregangan akibat trauma dan gerakan mendadak atau gerakan tiba-tiba berhenti.Olahraga dengan intesitas gerakan kombinasi seperti sprint, fleksibilitas, kelincahan, dan kekuatan otot yang besar, sering mengalami cedera ini. Pada cedera hamstring para atlit biasanya mengeluh nyeri yang menyebabkan berkurangnya fleksibilitas dan kekuatan otot hamstring biasanya disertai dengan penurunan daya tahan dalam melakukan suatu aktifitas latihan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan metode pretest dan posttest. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Tandikat Selatan, Kecamatan Patamuan, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 11 pasien.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat fleksibilitashamstring dan nyeri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi mengalami perubahan. Analisis statistic penelitian ini menggunakan Shapiro-Wilkyang didapatkan hasil p = 0.0005 (p<0.05) fleksibilitashamstring, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) pada nyeri gerak, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) pada nyeri tekan, yang berarti terdapat perubahan yang signifikan pada pemberian Cryoterapi dan Stretchingexercise terhadap peningkatan fleksibilitas dan penurunan nyeri pada kasus cedera Hamstring.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Cryoterapi dan Stretchingexercise bisa meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan penurunan nyeri pada kasus cedera Hamstring. Untuk itu diharapkan kepada pasien dengan keluhan cedera Hamstring untuk dapat selalu aktif dan disiplin dalam mengikuti program terapi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan fleksibilitas dan menurunkan nyeri.
 Kata Kunci : Cryoterapi,Stretching exercise, Hamstring, fleksibilitas
 Abstrack : Hamstring injury is an injury to the hamstring muscle tissue due to direct or indirect damage due to stretching beyond normal limits. These injuries often occur on the groin muscles, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscles. It is also occurring in athletes where one of the hamstrings is torn or stretched due to trauma and sudden movement or movement stops suddenly. Sports with the intensity of combination movements such as sprints, flexibility, agility, and great muscle strength, often suffer from this injury. In hamstring injuries, athletes usually complain of pain which causes reduced flexibility and strength of the hamstring muscles and usually accompanied by decreased endurance in carrying out a training activity.It was QuasiExperiment with pretest and posttest methods. It was conducted in Nagari Tandikat Selatan, Patamuan District, Padang Pariaman Regency. By using purposive sampling,11 patients were chosen as the samples.The results of this study indicated that the average level of hamstringflexibility and pain before and after the intervention changed. The statistical analysis of this study used Shapiro-Wilk showed p = 0.0005 (p<0.05) hamstringflexibility, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) for motion pain, p = 0.003 (p<0.05) for tenderness. It means that there was a significant change of giving Cryotherapy and stretchingexercise to increase flexibility and reduce pain in cases of hamstring injury.In short, it can be concluded that giving Cryotherapy and stretchingexercises can increase flexibility and reduce pain in cases of hamstring injury. For this reason, it is hoped that patients with complaints of Hamstring injury to be active and disciplined in following an effective therapy program in increasing flexibility and reducing pain.
 Keywords : Cryotherapy, Stretching Exercise, Hamstring, Flexibility
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Sasmitha, Ni Luh Ayu, and I. Putu Kharismawan Aritama. "MANAJEMEN FISIOTERAPI PADA KASUS HAMSTRING INJURY." Kinesiology and Physiotherapy Comprehensive 1, no. 2 (2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62004/kpc.v1i2.7.
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Latar Belakang: Cedera regangan hamstring/Hamstrings strain injury (HSI) adalah cedera non-kontak yang paling umum di beberapa olahraga. Cedera hamstring biasanya terjadi selama fase ayunan akhir hingga fase kontak awal gaya berjalan di mana fleksi pinggul dan ekstensi lutut terjadi secara bersamaan. Faktor risiko cedera hamstring telah dilaporkan beragam dan termasuk usia, posisi lapangan, kelemahan otot, kurangnya fleksibilitas, ketidakseimbangan kekuatan, dan ras.
 Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk merangkum data sekunder yang berhubungan dengan cedera regangan hamstring
 Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literature dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa jurnal-jurnal yang berhubungan dengan topik cedera hamstring yang didapatkan melalui Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed.
 Hasil: Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa intervensi fisioterapi kecuali LLLT efektif dalam meningkatkan kekuatan otot, mengurangi keparahan cedera dan mempercepat waktu untuk kembali berolahraga pada atlet
 Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil dari kajian pustaka tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan memberikan intervensi berupa lengthening exercise, LLLT, Nordic curl exercise, single-leg Roman chair dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot, mengurangi keparahan cedera, dan mempercepat waktu untuk kembali berolahraga.
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Chopade, Sumedh Laxman, Mayur Ajmera, and Quazi Ibtesaam Huma. "To Compare the Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique On Hamstring Length, Pain Intensity, and Functional Performance in Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Comparative Study." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 12, no. 6 (2025): 4815–20. https://doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2024.139.
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Background: The hamstring group consists of three primary muscles at the back of the thigh: the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris. Hamstring weakness or tightness can disrupt the normal biomechanics of the knee. For instance, when the hamstrings are tight, they may limit knee joint mobility, potentially worsening patellofemoral pain. The lower extremity functions as a kinetic chain; when the hamstrings are not working effectively, they can influence the pelvis and hips. This can result in altered loading patterns on the knee, increasing stress on the patellofemoral joint. So we selected two techniques for lengthening the muscle so that the study's objective is to compare the effect of that technique in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Aim: To Investigate and compare the effect of dynamic stretching and muscle energy technique on hamstring length, pain intensity, and functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome Methodology: Twenty-six subjects enrolled in each group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria i.e. Group A Dynamic Stretching and Group B Muscle Energy Technique. Hamstring length was assessed by the 90-90 SLR, pain intensity by NPRS, and Functional performance by the LEFS on the Day 1, 3, and 9. Then, the mean and standard deviation are calculated. Study design: Comparative study Result: Both techniques show a significant on compared, on day 3 (SLR p-value = 0.0001) (NPRS p-value = 0.05) (LEFS p-value = 0.069) and on day 9 (SLR p-value = 0.0001) (NPRS p-value = 0.0001) (LEFS p-value = 0.0029) also in individual technique for dynamic stretching (p-value = 0.0001) and Muscle energy technique (p-value = 0.0047). Conclusion: Both dynamic stretching and muscle energy techniques effectively address hamstring tightness, pain intensity, and functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. KEY WORDS: Hamstring Muscle, Dynamic Stretching, Muscle Energy Technique, 90-90SLR (Straight Leg Raise), NPRS (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) and LEFS (Lower Extremity Function Scale).
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Williams, Whitney, and Noelle M. Selkow. "Self-Myofascial Release of the Superficial Back Line Improves Sit-and-Reach Distance." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 4 (2020): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0306.
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Context: Decreased hamstring flexibility can lead to a plethora of musculoskeletal injuries, including low back pain, hamstring strains, and patellofemoral pain. Lack of flexibility may be the result of myofascial adhesions. The fascia connected to the hamstrings is part of the superficial back line that runs from the cranium to the plantar aspect of the foot. Any disruption along this chain may limit the flexibility of the hamstring. Objective: To investigate if self-myofascial release (SMR) of the plantar surface of the foot in addition to the hamstring group was more effective at improving the flexibility of the hamstrings when compared with either intervention alone. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Athletic training facility. Participants: Fifteen college students (5 males and 10 females; age: 20.9 [1.4] y, height: 173.1 [10.3] cm, mass: 80.0 [24.9] kg) who were not older than 30, with no history of low back pain or injury within the past 6 months, no history of leg pain or injury within the past 6 months, no current signs or symptoms of cervical or lumbar radicular pain, no current complaint of numbness or tingling in the lower-extremity, and no history of surgery in the lower-extremity or legs. Interventions: Each participant received each intervention separated by at least 96 hours in a randomized order: hamstring foam rolling, lacrosse ball on the plantar surface of the foot, and a combination of both. Main Outcome Measures: The sit-and-reach test evaluated hamstring flexibility of each participant before and immediately after each intervention. Results: There were no significant differences found among the SMR techniques on sit-and-reach distance (F2,41 = 2.7, P = .08, ). However, at least 20% of participants in each intervention improved sit-and-reach distance by 2.5 cm. Conclusions: SMR may improve sit-and-reach distance, but one technique of SMR does not seem to be superior to another.
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Vaquero-Cristóbal, Raquel, Patricia Molina-Castillo, Pedro A. López-Miñarro, Mario Albaladejo-Saura, and Francisco Esparza-Ros. "Hamstring extensibility differences among elite adolescent and young dancers of different dance styles and non-dancers." PeerJ 8 (May 26, 2020): e9237. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9237.
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Background Hamstrings have been analyzed extensively due to their tendency to shorten and their effect in the lumbo-pelvic dynamics and the sagittal position of the spine in trunk flexion with extended knees positions. It has been demonstrated that practicing a certain sport results in long-term changes in hamstring extensibility. Despite this, adequate extensibility of the hamstring musculature is essential for the dancer’s performance. Several studies have found differences in the extensibility of the hamstrings depending on the dance style, but none have compared ballet, Spanish dance and modern dance. The purpose of the present research was to analyze the differences in hamstring extensibility among professional dance students based on dance style practiced and non-dancers. Methods The sample was comprised of 210 students from the Professional Dance Conservatory (70 for ballet, 70 for Spanish dance and 70 for modern dance) and 70 non-dancers. For the assessment of hamstring extensibility, the angle in the passive and active straight leg raise (PSLR and ASLR, respectively) test, and the scores of the pelvic tilt in sit-and-reach (SR) test and the toe-touch (TT) test were randomly conducted. Results The results showed significant differences for all the tests according to group (p < 0.001). In the PSLR and ASLR test, for both legs, and in the pelvic tilt in the SR test, the ballet dancers showed greater ranges of hamstring extensibility than the modern dancers and Spanish dancers (p ≤ 0.001). In the distance in the SR test and in the pelvic tilt in the TT test, the ballet dancers obtained higher values than the Spanish dancers (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). The modern dancers showed higher ranges of hip flexion than the Spanish dancers in the ASLR test for both legs and in the pelvic tilt in the SR test (p from 0.007 to <0.001). Dancers showed significantly higher hamstring extensibility than non-dancers in all the tests (p < 0.001). Conclusions The systematic practice of dance, regardless of the style, seems to lead to high ranges of hamstring extensibility. Ballet dancers have the greatest hamstring extensibility.
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Kukrić, Aleksandar, Nemanja Zlojutro, Robin Orr, Marko Joksimović, and Filip Kukić. "Isokinetic profiles of hamstring and quadriceps muscles in the police special force operators." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 13, no. 1 (2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.240305.
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Knee injuries are of concern to police. The aims of this study were to determine initial reference values for isokinetic knee extension and flexion in police special force operators to explore the conventional hamstring contraction (Hcon) quadriceps contraction (Qcon) ratio, and to determine the limb symmetry index of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Absolute and relative isokinetic torque of quadriceps and hamstrings were assessed in 10 police special force operators using an isokinetic dynamometer Con-Trex. Subjects performed maximal knee extension and flexion at a contraction velocity of 60°/s at 90° of knee flexion. Means, standard deviations, 95% confidence interval values, and effect sizes were calculated. A paired samples t-test was used to test the between-leg differences in absolute and relative torques of quadriceps and hamstring muscles and to test the between-leg difference in Hcon/Qcon ratios as well as strength asymmetries of quadriceps and hamstrings. Descriptive statistics revealed torque values similar to athletes, and paired sample t-tests showed no significant between-leg differences in torque values at a group level. Small effect sizes were observed between legs in both the absolute and relative peak torque of the hamstring muscles. While, on a group level, no Hcon/Qcon ratio disparity between legs or asymmetries were observed, individual results indicated a trend towards greater dispersion for the dominant leg and some individual results indicated an increased asymmetry in isometric strength of hamstrings. The study provides normative data for this unique police population and highlights the need for relative strength work in this population.
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Yılmaz, Barış, Güzelali Özdemir, Elif N. Keskinöz, Gamze Tümentemur, Kemal Gökkuş, and Bahtiyar Demiralp. "Comparing Dimensions of Four-Strand Hamstring Tendon Grafts with Native Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3795367.
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Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether or not there was any incompatibility between four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the ACL and PCL.Methods. 15 fresh frozen cadaver hamstrings were prepared as four-strand grafts and measurements made of the ACL and PCL circumferences in the midsection were made in the narrowest part of the midsection. The cross-section areas and diameters were calculated with geometric calculations used to measure the cross-sectional area of cylinders. Accepting that the geometric insertions were elliptical, the length, width, and area were calculated for entry areas.Results. A significant relationship at 96.2% was determined between the ACL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 96.7% was determined between the ACL and the hamstring mid area. A significant relationship at 96.4% was determined between the PCL mid and the hamstring diameter. A significant relationship at 95.7% was determined between the PCL and the hamstring mid area.Conclusion. For the reconstruction of ACL and PCL, it was determined that there is less incompatibility between the four-strand hamstring tendons taken from the same knee and the dimensions of the midsection PCL compared to the ACL dimensions.
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S Krishna, Harish, Shridhar Shetty, and Nayak Kruti Krishna. "Correlation Between Hamstring Flexibility and Eyes Open Stork Balance Test in Dominant Leg Among Middle Aged Adults - A Pilot Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 9 (2024): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240945.
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BACKGROUND: Balance is the ability to maintain the body’s position over its support area and is crucial for performance. It involves managing the alignment of the body against gravity and other forces. Musculoskeletal system with posture, the configuration of body joints, is essential for maintaining balance and body orientation in standing positions, which is vital for daily activities and sports. Hamstrings are particularly important in maintaining the alignment of the pelvis and lower limbs. Tightness in these muscles can reduce flexibility which affect the range of motion and alter lower body biomechanics. It is found that the prevalence of hamstring tightness is high and hamstring tightness increases from childhood to 40-49 years. This may lead to balance issue due to fatigue of intrinsic foot muscles. OBJECTIVE: To find the relationship of Hamstring flexibility with Eyes Open Stork Balance Test among middle aged adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 15 older adults from tertiary hospital in Karnataka. Hamstring flexibility was assessed Active Knee Extension (AKE) test and balance was assessed by using Eyes Open Stork Balance Test (EOSBT). RESULT: A strong positive correlation between hamstring flexibility and eyes open stork balance test (r=0.987; p<0.001) was observed and was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there is a positive correlation between Hamstring flexibility and eyes open stork balance test in dominant leg in middle aged adults. Key words: Hamstring Flexibility, Eyes Open Stork Balance Test, Balance, Hamstring tightness, Intrinsic foot muscle
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Mellemkjær, Frederik H., Pascal Madeleine, Jens E. Nørgaard, Martin G. Jørgensen, and Mathias Kristiansen. "Assessing Isometric Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength in Young Men and Women: Between-Session Reliability and Concurrent Validity." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14030958.
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This study assessed the between-session reliability of the FysioMeter H-station when measuring isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength and H/Q (hamstring/quadriceps) ratio, and the concurrent validity when compared to an isokinetic dynamometer (ID). Sixteen young males and three females (25.6 ± 1.7 years old) performed maximum quadriceps and hamstring contractions using the H-station and the Humac NORM ID over two sessions. Between-session reliability was evaluated by comparing scores from the first and the second session. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing scores from the H-station with the Humac NORM ID. The H-station showed excellent relative reliability for the quadriceps, hamstring, and the H/Q ratio with ICC2.1 ranging from 0.89 to 0.91. The relative reliability of the Humac NORM was good to moderate for the quadriceps, hamstring, and the H/Q ratio with ICC2.1 ranging from 0.89 to 0.91. Acceptable absolute reliability of the H-station was found across quadriceps, hamstring, and H/Q measures (coefficient of variance (CV) = 7.2 to 9.3%, limit of agreement (LOA) = 20.0 to 24.3%). The validity of the H-station was large for hamstring strength (r = 0.79) and moderate for quadriceps strength (r = 0.69) and H/Q ratio (r = 0.39) compared to the Humac NORM ID. Bland–Altman plots showed LOAs ranging from 37.9 to 59.5%. The results indicate that the H-station can be used to make reliable assessments of relative changes in maximum isometric quadriceps and hamstring strength.
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Manikandan, Nanthini, Srinivansan M, Shanmugananth Elayaperumal, and Abinaya Paneerselvam. "Prevalence Of Hamstring Tightness And Associated Risk Factor Among Non-Professional Football Players." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 6 (2025): 84–91. https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2844.
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Background: Hamstring tightness is a common issue among football players, particularly nonprofessionals, due to inadequate training, poor flexibility, and muscle imbalances. Tight hamstrings can lead to a higher risk of injuries, affecting performance and long-term musculoskeletal health. Identifying the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its associated risk factors can help implement targeted prevention strategies1. Aim: To determine the prevalence of hamstring tightness and its risk factors among non-professional football players. Method: This cross-sectional observational study included 50 non-professional football players aged 18-25. Participants were assessed using the Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Risk factors such as inadequate warm-up, training load, and muscle strength imbalances were evaluated using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Results: Analysis of 50 participants revealed an average SLR test score of 48.3° ± 11.4° for the right leg and 48.76° ± 10.43° for the left leg, indicating a significant prevalence of hamstring tightness. The mean LEFS score was 49.47 ± 10.83, showing functional limitations among players. Factors such as inadequate warm-up, insufficient strength training, and fatigue were significantly associated with hamstring tightness. The correlation between the lower extremity functional scale and risk factor analysis is Significant. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of hamstring tightness and associated risk factors among non-professional football players. Preventive measures, including structured warm-up routines, strength training, and flexibility exercises, are essential to reduce hamstring tightness and prevent injuries⁵.
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James, Day,, and Kasuske Kyla. "The effectiveness of dry needling on hamstring flexibility: A systematic review." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 4035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.186.
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Background: Hamstring injuries are a common problem for athletes, and hamstring tightness has been found to be a contributing factor to these injuries. Dry needling is a growing trend that poses the possibility of increasing flexibility through several mechanisms; however, there is currently no review on all of the studies done concerning the effectiveness of dry needling for improving hamstring flexibility. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling on hamstring flexibility in people with hamstring tightness. Methods: Search terms included dry needling or intramuscular stimulation, flexibility or range of motion or ROM, and hamstring. The databases searched were PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL.) Results: Ten articles were found from the initial search, and three remained after the removal of duplicates and screening the articles for abstracts and full text. Patients consisted of relatively young individuals with hamstring tightness. All studies used a stretching group for the comparison while interventions consisted of dry needling alone or dry needling with a stretching program. No studies showed a significant difference between dry needling and the control; however, all studies found that flexibility increased from baseline measurements following a dry needling treatment. Discussion: The results indicate that while dry needling may not be a better option than stretching, it could be used as a means for improving hamstring flexibility. Possible factors for the effectiveness of dry needling include increased blood flow and oxygen saturation to the muscle as well as the release of myofascial trigger points. Conclusion: Dry needling was not found to be significantly better than stretching, but poses a possibility as another method for improving hamstring flexibility. KEY WORDS: Hamstrings, Athletes, Flexibility, Tightness, Dry Needling, Stretching.
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Hermoso, Jana, Gabriel Bailey, Kenneth Bhatti, and Jason Sneed. "Osteopathic Approach to Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy-related Sciatic Nerve Entrapment (PHTrSNE): Case Report." AAO Journal 34, no. 3 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53702/i2375-5717-34.3.7.
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Abstract Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT) provides a challenging diagnosis for clinicians due to limited evidence-based research. Presenting as chronic pain originating at the ischial tuberosity, PHT can progress to entrap the sciatic nerve, resulting in proximal hamstring tendinopathy-related sciatic nerve entrapment (PHTrSNE). This case expands the understanding of PHT by describing the osteopathic assessment and treatment of a runner with PHTrSNE. A 24-year-old female marathoner presented to the neurology clinic with a unique running gait: a left leg circumduction, or “leg whip,” that presented only when running. She also reported constantly dull hamstring pain, which occasionally elicited a sharp, shooting pain from her lower gluteal muscles to mid-hamstrings. Activities such as prolonged sitting and intense running exacerbated the sharp pain. On examination, the patient displayed ischial tuberosity tenderness and positive tests for hamstring tendinopathy. Evaluation with EMG/NCS showed mild chronic denervation of the left tibialis anterior muscle. A treatment plan for the patient’s PHTrSNE was created based on the principles of the neurological model of osteopathic medicine. Patients presenting with chronic hamstring discomfort accompanied by sharp, shooting pain may benefit from the diagnostic and therapeutic approach outlined in this study.
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Ajula, Randeep, Alistair Mayne, Steve Cecchi, et al. "A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL ASSESSING TRADITIONAL VERSUS DYNAMIC REHABILITATION REGIMES FOLLOWING SURGICAL REPAIR OF A PROXIMAL HAMSTRING TENDON AVULSION." Orthopaedic Proceedings 106-B, SUPP_6 (2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2024.6.025.
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Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion from the ischial tuberosity is a significant injury, with surgical repair shown to have superior functional outcomes compared to non-surgical treatment. However, limited data exists regarding the optimal rehabilitation regime following surgical repair. The aim of this study was to investigate patient outcomes following repair of proximal hamstring tendon avulsions between a conservative (CR) versus an accelerated rehabilitation (AR) regimen.This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) randomised 50 patients undergoing proximal hamstring tendon repair to either a braced, partial weight-bearing rehabilitation regime (CR=25) or an accelerated, unbraced regime, that permitted full weight-bearing as tolerated (AR=25).Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, via patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Primary analysis was per protocol and based on linear mixed models.Both groups were matched at baseline with respect to patient characteristics. All PROMs improved (p>0.05) and, while the AR group reported a significantly better Physical Component Score for the SF-12 at 3 months (p=0.022), there were no other group differences. Peak isometric hamstrings strength and peak isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings torque symmetry were all comparable between groups (p>0.05). Three re-injuries have been observed (CR=2, AR=1).After proximal hamstring repair surgery, post-operative outcomes following an accelerated rehabilitation regimen demonstrate comparable outcomes to a traditionally conservative rehabilitation pathway, albeit demonstrating better early physical health-related quality of life scores, without an increased incidence of early re-injury.
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Sarfraz, Zainab, Dr Gulraiz Enderyas, Dr Farooq Islam, and Prof Asim Raza Thakur. "A Comparative Study to Assess Hamstring Tightness in Individuals with and without Plantar fasciitis." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 9, no. 3 (2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1621.
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Purpose: To compare hamstring tightness in individuals with and without plantar fasciitis
 Methodology: 369 individuals (male and female) was evaluated This, cross-sectional study included individuals with, and without plantar fasciitis. Data will be collected from hospitals in DHQ Wazirabad, THQ Gujranwala, Aziz Bhatti Gujrat. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Goniometer was used for measuring range of motion for active knee extension. The data was collected under the rules and regulations of ethical committee of University of Lahore.
 Findings: This study's findings show that 50.27 percent of subjects had plantar fasciitis whereas 49.73 percent did not. Active knee extension test was used to determine whether participants had tight hamstrings. The results show that among the 49.73% of participants who did not have plantar fasciitis, 37.23% had negative results, while 12.50% had positive results. In contrast, among the 50.27% of participants who did have plantar fasciitis, 11.14% had negative results, while 39.13% had positive results.
 Conclusion: The study's goal was to determine if hamstring tension contributes to the development of plantar fasciitis. According to the current study, individuals with and without PF had their hamstring tightness evaluated. An active knee extension test was used to measure the tightness of the hamstrings. Following the completion of the current study, it was shown that patients with plantar fasciitis show higher hamstring tightness than individuals without plantar fasciitis.
 Recommendations: For study, it is recommended to gather data from several cities so that the conclusions may be generalized. Future research should examine additional risk factors for plantar fasciitis. The reasons of hamstring tightness should be addressed to reduce the chance of developing plantar fasciitis.
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Medeiros, Thales M., João B. Ribeiro-Alvares, Carolina G. Fritsch, et al. "Effect of Weekly Training Frequency With the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle-Strain Risk Factors in Football Players: A Randomized Trial." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (2020): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0780.
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Purpose: To examine the differences between performing Nordic hamstring exercises once or twice a week on hamstring eccentric strength and other muscle-strain risk factors in high-level football players. Methods: In this randomized trial, 32 football players (18–23 y old) completed an 8-week Nordic hamstring exercise training program in 1 of 2 experimental groups: group 1 (once a week; n = 15) and group 2 (twice a week; n = 17). Knee-flexor/extensor peak torques and biceps femoris long-head muscle architecture were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after the training programs. Analysis of covariance, effect sizes (ESs), and t tests for percentage change were used to assess the effect of the 2 interventions on the outcome measures. Results: Group 2 demonstrated higher hamstring concentric peak torque than group 1 posttraining (155–164 vs 149–158 N·m; P = .043; ES = 0.27), although there was also a statistical trend for higher hamstring eccentric peak torque (212–234 vs 198–221 N·m; P = .098; ES = 0.37), hamstring-to-quadriceps conventional ratio (0.56–0.59 vs 0.54–0.57; P = .089; ES = 0.31), and hamstring-to-quadriceps functional ratio (0.76–0.84 vs 0.71–0.79; P = .076; ES = 0.50). No between-groups differences were found for muscle thickness (P = .864; ES = 0.12), pennation angle (P = .289; ES = 0.18), fascicle length (P = .406; ES = 0.03), and quadriceps concentric peak torque (P = .340; ES = 0.02). Conclusion: Only the Nordic hamstring exercise training program performed twice a week strengthened the hamstrings of high-level football players, while similar changes in muscle architecture occurred with both once- and twice-weekly sessions.
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Mirawati, Dita, and Asita Rohmah Mutnawasitoh. "EFFECT OF NEURODYNAMIC SLIDER ON INCREASING HAMSTRING MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY IN RANTAYA PUTRI ALUS DANCERS." Gaster 21, no. 1 (2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v21i1.1029.
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Flexibility is ability of a joint, muscles and ligaments around it to move freely and comfortably within the maximum expected range of motion. Flexibility is influenced by many factors such as anatomical condition, gender, body mass index, age, physical activity, injury, and training experience. The hamstring muscles are primarily fast-twitch and powerful movement types, so that the hamstrings are resistant to overloading but tire quickly on excessive repetitions. Excessive activity that involves contracting the hamstring muscles will cause the hamstring muscles to experience decreased flexibility. The purpose of this study was to prove the difference in the effect of giving neurodynamic slider and neurodynamic tension on increasing hamstring muscle flexibility. The method of research is experimental research with pre-test and post-test research design with control group design. The sample in this study was 32 dancers Rantaya Putri Alus at SMK N 8 Surakarta. where Group 1 given neurodynamic sliders and group 2 given nothing. Neurodynamic slider interventions were given 3 times/week for 4 weeks. Evaluation of hamstring muscle flexibility measurements using Active Knee Extension (AKE). The result in the treatment Group 1 is p = 0.000 (p <0.05) with a mean difference of 25.56 ± 7.36 with an increase in the AKE value 18.16%. Its concluded that the intervention of neurodynamic sliders can increase hamstring muscle flexibility.
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Sannicandro, Italo. "Hamstring injury prevention: the strength assessment in young soccer players." MOJ Sports Medicine 3, no. 2 (2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2019.03.00075.
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Aim: The hamstring strength training in youth soccer is relevant both for muscle injury prevention and for sprint performance increase. This study aim to assessment hamstring eccentric strength in young soccer players to know any lower limb strength asymmetries Methods: The sample is composed of male young soccer players Under 17 (n=14, 16,6±0,5 years, 175,8±7,1cm and 70,9±9,1 kg). To assess the hamstring eccentric strength and the lower limb eccentric strength asymmetry have been used a specific dynamometer (NordBord Hamstring Testing System, Vald Performance, Australia) with software. Every young soccer player performed a single repetition of the Nordic hamstring exercise with constraint to the Nord Bord; after about 10 minutes, instead, they performed 5 repetitions of the same exercise, without interruption. All values were acquired using NordBord software: for both assessments, were detected the eccentric strength and the lower limbs strength asymmetry. Results: The evaluation of the hamstring eccentric strength does not show substantial and statistically significant differences in the single test with reference to the peak parameter. In the comparison between the average eccentric strength expressed in the 5 repetitions there is a statistically significant difference between the values expressed by the two limbs (p<0-05), and an increase in the value asymmetry is observed (15,8±5,4%). Conclusion: This difference between the two tests leads us to think that the fatigue potential effect on the hamstring muscles deriving from the number of repetitions requested, can accentuate and highlight to a greater extent the differences between the hamstrings of the two lower limbs in the young player.
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Ahn, Jin-Oh, Jong-Hyuck Weon, Eun-Kyung Koh, and Do-Young Jung. "Effectiveness of hamstring stretching using a pressure biofeedback unit for 4 weeks: A randomized controlled trial." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 40, no. 02 (2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702520500092.
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Background: Stretching and length test of hamstring muscles have been performed commonly to manage lower back pain (LBP) in sports rehabilitation. Previous literatures addressed that stretching techniques and length test of hamstring muscles should be performed with the pelvic maintained in an anterior tilt position. However, there is no study to determine the effectiveness of pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) to maintain in anterior pelvic tilting (APT) on length test and stretching of hamstring muscles. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of hamstring muscles stretching using a PBU. Methods: Forty participants with shortness of hamstrings randomized into two groups. Participants performed the active knee extension (AKE) stretching without (control group) or with PBU (intervention group) for four weeks. AKE tests without and with PBU were administered three times before and after hamstrings stretching by each group. Results: The AKE test without PBU showed a significant main effect of time ([Formula: see text]) but not of group ([Formula: see text]) on the AKE angle. The AKE test with PBU showed a significant increase in the AKE angle in the post-intervention compared to the pre-intervention assessments in both groups ([Formula: see text]). The difference of AKE angle between the pre- and post-intervention results was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: We recommend the use of a PBU to maintain the pelvic anterior tilting position when performing the AKE test or AKE stretching.
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Gould, Heath, James Dreese, and Lindsay Remy. "Poster 198: Risk of Injury During Proximal Hamstring Repair: Anatomy of the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 7_suppl5 (2022): 2325967121S0075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00759.
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Objectives: Injury to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) has been described after proximal hamstring repair and fixation of ischial tuberosity avulsion fractures. Variations in the location of the PFCN and its branches have not been described. The purpose of this study was to identify the location and number of branches of the PFCN in relation to the origin of the proximal hamstring tendons. Methods: Fifteen lower torso human cadaveric specimens were dissected in prone position. Skin and subcutaneous tissues were reflected to expose the gluteal and hamstring musculature. The distances between the ischial tuberosity and lateral border of the hamstring, PFCN, perineal branch of the PFCN, and descending femoral branch of the PFCN were measured with digital calipers. Measurements were repeated 3 times and averaged. Results: The PFCN was 30.5 ±11.4 mm lateral to the central tip of the ischial tuberosity (range, 15.7 to 52.0 mm). The average longitudinal distance from the tip of the ischial tuberosity to the point where the perineal branch crossed the hamstrings was 24.1 ±15.0 mm (range, 9.9 to 52.2 mm). The average longitudinal distance to the point where the descending cutaneous branch crossed the hamstrings was 83.3 ±21.3 mm (range, 41.3 to 110.3 mm). The PFCN was nearest to the inferior border of the gluteus maximus 45.8±13.6 mm lateral to the ischial tuberosity (range, 13.6 to 62.1 mm). Eleven specimens had one identifiable perineal branch; four had two distinct perineal branches. Conclusions: The PFCN was in close proximity to the surgical approach utilized during proximal hamstring repair, with the perineal branch consistently crossing the surgical field transversely. The location of these nerves varied substantially among the specimens tested, with some nerves positioned less than 1cm from the ischial tuberosity and some specimens having two perineal branches.
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Harput, Gulcan, Volga B. Tunay, and Matthew P. Ithurburn. "Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0271.
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Objectives: To evaluate change in involved and uninvolved quadriceps and hamstring strength and limb symmetry indices (LSI) in regular intervals over the first 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: Thirty-eight male participants (mean age: 24.2 [6.4] y, mean body mass index: 23.6 [4.2] kg/m2), who underwent ACLR were included. Main Outcome Measures: Isometric strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles was performed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after ACLR. Quadriceps and hamstring peak torques for each limb and LSI were calculated. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance and paired t tests were used to evaluate changes in strength over time and between limbs, respectively. Results: Quadriceps and hamstring peak torques of the involved limb consistently increased between each time point from 1 to 6 months (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively), whereas the uninvolved limb values did not change after ACLR (P > .05). In addition, uninvolved limb peak torque values were higher than involved limb values at each time point after ACLR for both the quadriceps and hamstrings (all P < .01). At 6 months after ACLR, 28.9% of participants demonstrated LSI greater than 90% for quadriceps strength, 36.8% demonstrated LSI greater than 90% for hamstring strength, and 15.8% of participants demonstrated greater than 90% LSI for both quadriceps and hamstring strength. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated a consistent increase in quadriceps and hamstring strength of the involved limb, with no notable change in uninvolved limb strength over the 6 months after ACLR. However, at 6 months after ACLR, only approximately 16% of participants demonstrated both quadriceps and hamstring strength LSI greater than 90%, the typically recommended cutoff value for return to sport.
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Muyor, José M., Pedro A. López-Miñarro, Fernando Alacid, and Daniel López-Plaza. "Degree of Hamstring Extensibility and Its Relationship with Pelvic Tilt in Professional Cyclists." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093912.
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The cyclist’s posture is typically characterized by a trunk flexion position to reach the handlebar of the bike. The pelvis serves as the base of the spine, and its tilt has been associated with the degree of extensibility of the hamstring, particularly in flexion postures of the trunk. The aim of this study was to determine whether, in professional cyclists, the degree of hamstring extensibility influences the pelvic tilt maintained while seated on the bicycle with support from the three handlebar grips of the road bike, as well as in other positions of the bicycle. To evaluate pelvic tilt, all participants were measured using the Spinal Mouse system. The results revealed statistically significant differences in pelvic tilt among the six positions assessed (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the degree of hamstring extensibility of the hamstrings presented a strong and positive correlation with pelvic tilt in standing posture (r = 0.82), Sit-and-Reach (r = 0.76), and Toe-Touch (r = 0.88). However, the degree of hamstring extensibility showed no significant correlations with pelvic tilt in any posture maintained on the bicycle.
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sharifi ardani, behnam, hooman minoonejad, and Reza Rajabi. "Comparing the Effect of Six Weeks Active and Passive Static Stretching on Lumbar-pelvic Rhythm in Rales With Hamstring Shortness." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 10, no. 5 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.10.5.20.
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Background and Aims To compare the effect of active and passive static stretching hamstrings on flexibility and lumbar-pelvic rhythm in non-athlete men with hamstring shortness. Clinical observations have suggested that hamstring tightness influences the lumbar pelvic rhythm and may be associated with modifications in the sagittal spine curvatures during trunk flexion. Thigh hamstring can restrict hip movement, thereby increasing lumbar spine motion and causing back pain due to their influence on spino-pelvic rhythm during forward bending. Methods Hamstring muscle shortness was measured using the SLR and 90-90SLR tests. Measurements of the lumbar pelvic rhythm were recorded in the three-phase forward bending by spinal mouse. Variables include pelvic rotation, lumbar and thorasic flexion. Active and passive static stretching were respectively Jack-knife and kneeling hamstring stretching techniques. To compare pre- test and post- test values of active and passive static stretching groups was used paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Also to investigate the difference between active and passive static stretching groups was used Ancova and U-Mann Whitney tests. Results After 6 weeks of active and passive static stretching total pelvic rotation was significantly increased in contrast to total lumbar flexion (P0/05). Conclusion Active and passive static stretching could change the lumbo-pelvic rhythm to a pelvic-dominant motion, indicating that flexible hamstring are important for preventing low back pain and other problems associated with disturbance of the lumbo-lumbar rhythm.
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Alhammad, Ayman, Hussain Ghulam, Ibrahim Al Zaqrati, et al. "Comparison of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength ratios between dominant and non-dominant legs in Saudi under-17 and under-19 premier league football players: A cross-sectional study." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 21, no. 1 (2024): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.62617/mcb.v21i1.342.
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Football’s global popularity is often overshadowed by frequent lower limb injuries, particularly hamstring strains, which are linked to imbalances in the strength ratio of hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q). Research on these factors among Saudi Premier League players, specifically in Madinah City, is limited. Our study is a cross-sectional study that assessed 42 male professional football players from Ohoud Football Club, divided into Underage 17 (UD- 17) and Under age 19 (UD-19) of age groups. The Strength of muscle for hamstrings and quadriceps, as well as the H/Q ratio, was measured using handheld dynamometers (HDD), and demographic data were analyzed using SPSSv26. Results showed that UD-19 players had significantly greater quadriceps strength on both dominants (dominant and non-dominant) sides compared to UD-17 players, with no significant differences in strength of hamstring. The ratio of hamstring to quadriceps was significantly higher in UD-17 players on the dominant side compared to UD-19 players, but statistically significant differences were not found on the non-dominant side. These results suggest that quadriceps strength develops with age and training, potentially reducing injury risk, while the strength of hamstring stabilizes earlier. Tailored training programs focusing on quadriceps strength and balanced hamstring development are recommended for improving injury prevention and performance. Future research involving larger and more diverse samples could further validate these findings and provide a deeper understanding of muscle dynamics in young football players.
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Song, Mun-ku. "Isokinetic Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Strength Values in K League 1 Professional Soccer Players." Korean Journal of Sport Science 32, no. 4 (2021): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2021.32.4.472.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to present isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength values in K league 1 (K1) professional soccer players and compare these results to those of published studies.METHODS A total of 31 K1 soccer players (age 24.5±4.2) without a history of lower limb injury were included in this study. Isokinetic knee strength tests were implemented at a velocity of 60°·s-1 and 180°·s-1 for both dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) legs using a dynamometer. Strength variables included peak torque (PT), body mass normalized PT (NPT), bilateral strength difference (BD), and hamstring to quadriceps strength (H/Q) ratio.RESULTS At 60°·s-1 velocity, the NPTs of the quadriceps were 3.39N·m·kg-1 and 3.33N·m·kg-1 for D and ND legs, respectively, and those of the hamstrings were 2.00N·m·kg-1 and 1.89N·m·kg-1 for D and ND legs, respectively. At 180°·s-1 velocity, the NPTs of the quadriceps were 2.31N·m·kg-1, 2.27N·m·kg-1 for D and ND legs, respectively, and those of the hamstrings were 1.42N·m·kg-1, 1.39N·m·kg-1 for D and ND legs, respectively. At all velocities, the BDs of quadriceps and hamstring muscles ranged from 6.6–7.8%, and H/Qs ranged from 57–62%. Compared to previous studies that did not consider the history of injury, this study showed lower levels of BD (less than 10%) and higher levels of NPT.CONCLUSIONS The presented isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength values can be used as reference values for the isokinetic knee strength of K1 professional soccer players.
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Tyler, Timothy F., Brandon M. Schmitt, Stephen J. Nicholas, and Malachy P. McHugh. "Rehabilitation After Hamstring-Strain Injury Emphasizing Eccentric Strengthening at Long Muscle Lengths: Results of Long-Term Follow-Up." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 2 (2017): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0099.
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Context:Hamstring-strain injuries have a high recurrence rate.Objective:To determine if a protocol emphasizing eccentric strength training with the hamstrings in a lengthened position resulted in a low recurrence rate.Design:Longitudinal cohort study.Setting:Sports-medicine physical therapy clinic.Participants:Fifty athletes with hamstring-strain injury (age 36 ± 16 y; 30 men, 20 women; 3 G1, 43 G2, 4 G3; 25 recurrent injuries) followed a 3-phase rehabilitation protocol emphasizing eccentric strengthening with the hamstrings in a lengthened position.Main Outcome Measures:Injury recurrence; isometric hamstring strength at 80°, 60°, 40°, and 20° knee flexion in sitting with the thigh flexed to 40° above the horizontal and the seat back at 90° to the horizontal (strength tested before return to sport).Results:Four of the 50 athletes sustained reinjuries between 3 and 12 mo after return to sport (8% recurrence rate). The other 42 athletes had not sustained a reinjury at an average of 24 ± 12 mo after return to sport. Eight noncompliant athletes did not complete the rehabilitation and returned to sport before initiating eccentric strengthening in the lengthened state. All 4 reinjuries occurred in these noncompliant athletes. At time of return to sport, compliant athletes had full restoration of strength while noncompliant athletes had significant hamstring weakness, which was progressively worse at longer muscle lengths (compliance × side × angle P = .006; involved vs noninvolved at 20°, compliant 7% stronger, noncompliant 43% weaker).Conclusion:Compliance with rehabilitation emphasizing eccentric strengthening with the hamstrings in a lengthened position resulted in no reinjuries.
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Venkateshwarlu, Nallagatla, Enrico Maria Staderini, and Naveen Kumar Balne. "Study of Static Vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching of Tight Hamstrings, and Its Effect on Lower Limb Flexibility and Speed of Sprinter - A Comparative Study." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 8, no. 4 (2024): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20230415.
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Background: Hamstring injuries are one of the most common injuries seen in sprinters, leading to reduction in flexibility and speed in sprinters. The study aimed at comparing the two most appropriate methods of hamstring stretching, i.e., static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNFS), in sprinters for the management of tight hamstrings and measurement of their effectiveness on flexibility and speed. Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance and informed consent, 80 male subjects who met inclusion criteria were recruited and randomised into the SS (n = 40) and PNFS (n = 40) groups. Baseline data on age, height, weight, BMI, hamstring flexibility (knee extension deficit (KED) on active knee extension test (AKET), and speed parameters (30-metre sprint test) documented at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 12-week study period. Results and Conclusion: subjects showed variable results. Flexibility differences within groups pre- and post-intervention were statistically significant, but not between groups, indicating both methods are effective on flexibility. The differences in speed components of athletes were statistically significant within and between groups. The PNFS group has shown better improvements than the SS group on speed testing. This may be attributable to the neurological mechanism involved in the contract-relax method, where muscle is elongated and tone is stabilised during the contraction phase of PNF stretching. Keywords: static stretching, PNF Stretching, knee extension deficit, active knee extension test, 30-meter sprint test, Pheezee, Range of motion tool, Hamstrings flexibility, Hamstrings tightness.
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Opar, David A., Morgan D. Williams, Ryan G. Timmins, Nuala M. Dear, and Anthony J. Shield. "Rate of Torque and Electromyographic Development During Anticipated Eccentric Contraction Is Lower in Previously Strained Hamstrings." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 1 (2012): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512462809.
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Background: The effect of prior strain injury on myoelectrical activity of the hamstrings during tasks requiring high rates of torque development has received little attention. Purpose: To determine if recreational athletes with a history of unilateral hamstring strain injury will exhibit lower levels of myoelectrical activity during eccentric contraction, rate of torque development (RTD), and impulse (IMP) at 30, 50, and 100 milliseconds after the onset of myoelectrical activity or torque development in the previously injured limb compared with the uninjured limb. Study Design: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-six recreational athletes were recruited. Of these, 13 athletes had a history of unilateral hamstring strain injury (all confined to biceps femoris long head), and 13 had no history of hamstring strain injury. Following familiarization, all athletes undertook isokinetic dynamometry testing and surface electromyography (integrated EMG; iEMG) assessment of the biceps femoris long head and medial hamstrings during eccentric contractions at −60 and −180 deg·s−1. Results: In the injured limb of the injured group, compared with the contralateral uninjured limb, RTD and IMP was lower during −60 deg·s−1 eccentric contractions at 50 milliseconds (RTD: injured limb, 312.27 ± 191.78 N·m·s−1 vs uninjured limb, 518.54 ± 172.81 N·m·s−1, P = .008; IMP: injured limb, 0.73 ± 0.30 N·m·s vs uninjured limb, 0.97 ± 0.23 N·m·s, P = .005) and 100 milliseconds (RTD: injured limb, 280.03 ± 131.42 N·m·s−1 vs uninjured limb, 460.54 ± 152.94 N·m·s−1, P = .001; IMP: injured limb, 2.15 ± 0.89 N·m·s vs uninjured limb, 3.07 ± 0.63 N·m·s, P < .001) after the onset of contraction. Biceps femoris long head muscle activation was lower at 100 milliseconds at both contraction speeds (–60 deg·s−1, normalized iEMG activity [×1000]: injured limb, 26.25 ± 10.11 vs uninjured limb, 33.57 ± 8.29, P = .009; –180 deg·s−1, normalized iEMG activity [×1000]: injured limb, 31.16 ± 10.01 vs uninjured limb, 39.64 ± 8.36, P = .009). Medial hamstring activation did not differ between limbs in the injured group. Comparisons in the uninjured group showed no significant between limbs difference for any variables. Conclusion: Previously injured hamstrings displayed lower RTD and IMP during slow maximal eccentric contraction compared with the contralateral uninjured limb. Lower myoelectrical activity was confined to the biceps femoris long head. Regardless of whether these deficits are the cause of or the result of injury, these findings could have important implications for hamstring strain injury and reinjury. Particularly, given the importance of high levels of muscle activity to bring about specific muscular adaptations, lower levels of myoelectrical activity may limit the adaptive response to rehabilitation interventions and suggest that greater attention be given to neural function of the knee flexors after hamstring strain injury.
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Muralidharan, CK. "Comparison of Modified RAZOR Curl and Nordic Hamstring Curl Exercises in improving Hamstring Muscle Performance among Male Volleyball Players." Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202203.
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Background: Volleyball players’ lower extremity strength, power, and flexibility are more significant, and hamstrings, in particular, affect their performance. Concentric hamstring performance-enhancing methods are the most common. They may reduce hamstring flexibility and raise the risk of strain. In this study, we focused on enhancing hamstring muscle performance in volleyball players using particular hamstring eccentric training regimens that increase lower extremity performance.Method: A total of 40 volleyball players were sorted into two groups using a suitable sampling procedure based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For 12 weeks, Group A (n = 20) received modified RAZOR curl while Group B (n = 20) received Nordic hamstring curl.Results: The mean values for the 1 Repetition Maximum and 40 Yard Dash Tests were 11.6 and 1.24, respectively, with standard deviations of 1.63 and 0.31, and paired ‘t’ values of 12.86 and 3.26, indicating that Group B (Nordic hamstring curl) showed substantial gains in strength and power. However, Group A (modified RAZOR curl) improved significantly in the Superman Exercise Test from baseline, with a mean of 12.1 and a standard deviation of 1.74. In the 1 Repetition Maximum, 40 Yard Dash Test, and Superman Exercise Test, both groups had unpaired ‘t’ values of 12.86, 3.26, and 16.69.Conclusion: Both groups improved in strength and power, according to the findings of this study. Although Group B trained volleyball players improved more, modified RAZOR curl (Group A) was more pertinent to be used for functional training and increased activation of supporting muscles, especially the core muscles.
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Green, Brady, Matthew N. Bourne, and Tania Pizzari. "Isokinetic strength assessment offers limited predictive validity for detecting risk of future hamstring strain in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 5 (2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098101.
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ObjectiveTo examine the value of isokinetic strength assessment for predicting risk of hamstring strain injury, and to direct future research into hamstring strain injuries.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesDatabase searches for Medline, CINAHL, Embase, AMED, AUSPORT, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2017. Manual reference checks, ahead-of-press and citation tracking.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective studies evaluating isokinetic hamstrings, quadriceps and hip extensor strength testing as a risk factor for occurrence of hamstring muscle strain.MethodsIndependent search result screening. Risk of bias assessment by independent reviewers using Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Best evidence synthesis and meta-analyses of standardised mean difference (SMD).ResultsTwelve studies were included, capturing 508 hamstring strain injuries in 2912 athletes. Isokinetic knee flexor, knee extensor and hip extensor outputs were examined at angular velocities ranging 30–300°/s, concentric or eccentric, and relative (Nm/kg) or absolute (Nm) measures. Strength ratios ranged between 30°/s and 300°/s. Meta-analyses revealed a small, significant predictive effect for absolute (SMD=−0.16, P=0.04, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.01) and relative (SMD=−0.17, P=0.03, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.014) eccentric knee flexor strength (60°/s). No other testing speed or strength ratio showed statistical association. Best evidence synthesis found over half of all variables had moderate or strong evidence for no association with future hamstring injury.Summary/ConclusionDespite an isolated finding for eccentric knee flexor strength at slow speeds, the role and application of isokinetic assessment for predicting hamstring strain risk should be reconsidered, particularly given costs and specialised training required.
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Sunil Nayee, Khushbu, and Apeksha Vaghasiya. "Immediate Effect of Active Release Technique versus Foam Rolling on Hamstring Tightness in Computer Workers." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 5 (2024): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240502.
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Background and need of research: In computer workers due to their prolonged sitting throughout the day can lead to various problems like tightness of muscle, decreased joint range of motion and decreased flexibility. As hamstring is a key component of flexibility in the lower body and it is more prone to get tightened. Due to prolonged sitting in Computer workers, the hamstring muscles are in shortened position (posterior pelvic tilt & knee 90° flexion) which causes the tightness of the hamstring muscles. Therefore, the objective of study is to find out the immediate effect of active release technique versus foam rolling on hamstring tightness in computer workers. Methods: 32 computer workers with age of 20-35 years, were taken through purposive sampling technique and randomly divided in two equal groups. Group A received Active Release Technique and Group B received foam rolling. Active knee extension test was used to measure Pre and post intervention measurements. Ethical approval has been taken. Result: For data analysis, SPSS Version 23 software was used. A Paired t-test was used for within-group analysis and showed a significant difference in Active Knee Extension for both groups. The unpaired t-test was used for between-group analysis, and it showed that ART has a superior effect on hamstrings tightness than the Foam Rolling. The significance level was kept at p<0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that ART is more effective than Foam Rolling in reducing hamstring tightness in computer workers. Key words: Active Release Technique, Foam Rolling, Hamstring Tightness, Computer Workers.
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Burgess, T., T. Vadachalam, K. Buchholtz, and J. Jelsma. "The effect of the contract-relax-antagonist-contract (CRAC) stretch of hamstrings on range of motion, sprint and agility performance in moderately active males: A randomised control trial." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2019/v31i1a6091.
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Background: Although stretching is done routinely to prevent injury during explosive sport activities, there is some concern that effective stretching might negatively impact on performance.
 Objectives: This study’s main objective was to investigate the impact of a specific stretch (CRAC), in which the muscle to be stretched, hamstrings, is actively contracted then relaxed. This is then followed by the antagonist muscle (quadriceps) contracting. Secondly, the impact of the stretch on performance was examined.
 Methods: A randomised control trial was used. Forty healthy active males between 21 and 35 years of age were assigned to either receive three repetitions of CRAC or rest. Hamstring flexibility and the Illinois Agility Test were the primary outcome measures.
 Results: The intervention was effective in improving hamstring flexibility by 37% immediately post-application and this was maintained for eight minutes thereafter. It had no significant effect on agility or sprint times.
 Conclusions: CRAC applied to stretch the hamstring muscles of active males resulted in a large increase of active knee extension range of motion, without decreasing performance. CRAC appears to be a safe and effective method of increasing the length of the hamstrings pre-sport activity and should be utilised by sports physiotherapists if deemed necessary and beneficial following initial assessment.