Academic literature on the topic 'Han mo quan shu'

The Sleeping Dragon’s Elegy: An Example of Occasional Verse in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms This article examines one example of occasional verse in the classic Chinese novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo yanyi 三国演义, Luo Guanzhong, 14th century), with a focus on the historical situation in which the poem is placed and the political implications ascribed to it. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a work of tremendous cultural impact. Its retelling of historical events during the late Han dynasty continues to shape the general understanding of this period, regardless of the narrative being widely accepted as fiction based on history. The poem discussed here is one example of fictional occasional verse that highlights the importance of the practice during the period in question as well as during the early Ming dynasty when the novel was written. The novel takes place during a time in Chinese history called the “Three Kingdoms” period when the Han dynasty was falling apart into smaller, independent states. The three states of Wei, Wu, and Shu, their internal struggles and the wars between them, form the centre of the narrative. Crucial to an appreciation of the poem is the Battle of Red Cliff, a naval confrontation that took place in the year 208 AD, when the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei managed to overcome the otherwise stronger enemy. The battle brought together Shu military strategist Zhuge Liang, the “author” of the poem according to the novel, and the poem’s subject – Wu commander-in-chief Zhou Yu. In 210, upon hearing about Zhou Yu’s early demise, Zhuge Liang decides to attend his funeral despite hostile sentiments among Wu generals. He presents the poem – an elegy retelling Zhou Yu’s life and accomplishments – to persuade the Wu generals of his innocence in the matter of Zhou Yu’s death.

Mo Xia Zhuan (1922/1933) es la primera traducción china de la novela clásica española Don Quijote de la Mancha (1603/1988). Fue traducida por Lin Shu (1852-1924), un traductor monolingüe, en colaboración con Cheng Jialin, utilizando como texto intermedio la traducción inglesa de P. A. Motteux (1663-1718). Por tanto, durante el proceso de traducción, se produjeron muchos cambios en contraste con el texto original. En el año 2021, Alicia Relinque (1960- ) ha traducido esta versión de vuelta al español para representar los encuentros culturales que hay detrás del texto, así como para ver qué elementos culturales se “activaron” y cuáles se “oscurecieron”. A modo de estudio piloto, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar un caso particular de retrotraducción, centrándose en los cambios de identidad y las relaciones de los personajes para averiguar qué alteraciones se han producido y sus posibles razones durante el proceso de traducción, lo que puede llevar a caracterizar el fenómeno de la retrotraducción y dotar de mayor complejidad la naturaleza de la traducción en general.

The success of lead halide perovskites as active materials in optoelectronic technologies is often associated with the unique properties of their optical excitations. Specifically, the photo-generated excitons in perovskites are responsible for the large absorption coefficients close to their band gap, reaching as high as 105 cm-1. Due to the advent of nanotechnology, perovskite materials can be readily fabricated into nanoscale configurations with different dimensionalities, and more importantly, the corresponding excitonic effects could be further enhanced. On the other hand, at length scales down to the nanoscale regime, surface features as well as quantum confinement effects, become dominant in regulating the advanced material properties of perovskite materials. [1, 2] In recent years, our group focused on the synthesis and characterization of metal halide perovskites with different forms, ranging from bulk film, microplate, and nanosheet, to nanowire. The corresponding physical properties and device applications were also systematically studied based on their widely tunable dimensionality, morphologies, and compositions. For perovskite bulk films, surface defects and bulk structural order significantly affect device performance. Through optimizing processing techniques, self-assemble quasi-2D perovskite films with graded phase distribution were successfully prepared by our group. [3] Gradient type-II band alignments along the out-of-plane direction of perovskites with spontaneous separation of photo-generated electrons and holes are obtained, which is further employed to construct self-powered vertical-structure photodetectors for the first time. Without any driving voltage, the device exhibited impressive performance with responsivity up to 444 mA/W and ultrashort response time down to 52 µs. In addition, to probe the intrinsic material properties of crystalline perovskites, freestanding MAPbI3 nanosheets, and lead-free Cs3Sb2I9 microplates were fabricated by two-step chemical vapor deposition method, in which excellent optoelectronic performance (e.g., responsively of MAPbI3 nanosheet is measured to be 40 A/W) together with ultra-fast response speed (down to 58 µs) and superior thermal stability were obtained. [4, 5] For nanostructured perovskites, understanding the dimensional features and their impact on the materials and devices is becoming increasingly important. For the first time, we reported the direct vapor-liquid-solid growth of single-crystalline all-inorganic lead halide perovskite (i.e., CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, or I) NWs using Sn as catalyst seeds. [6] These NWs exhibited high-performance photodetection with the responsivity exceeding 4489 A/W and detectivity over 7.9 × 1012 Jones toward the visible light regime. Field-effect transistors based on individual CsPbX3 NWs were also fabricated to show the impressive carrier mobility of 3.05 cm2/Vs, being higher than other all-inorganic perovskite devices. After that, the Au catalyst seeds were used to avoid the Sn-related impurity doping, by which lower dark current and higher detectivity were achieved in Au-seeded CsPbI3 NWs. Besides, the realization of high-mobility CsPbBr3 NW devices is reported via a simple surface charge transfer doping strategy. [7] After MoO3 decoration and device fabrication, the hole mobility of CsPbBr3/MoO3 core-shell NW device is significantly enhanced to 23.3 cm2/Vs. All these results provide important guidelines for the further improvement of these perovskite nanostructures for practical utilization. References [1] Meng Y.†, Li F.†, Lan C., Bu X., Kang X., Wei R., Yip S., Li D., Wang F., Takahashi T., Hosomi T., Nagashima K., Yanagida T., Ho J.C.*, Science Advances, 6, eabc6389, 2020. [2] Li D., Lan C., Manikandan A., Yip S.P., Zhou Z., Liang X., Shu L., Chueh Y.L., Han N.,* Ho J.C.*, Nature Communications, 10, 1664, 2019. [3] Lai Z., Meng Y., Zhu Q., Wang F., Bu X., Li F., Wang W., Liu C., Wang F., Ho J.C.*, Small, 17, 2100442, 2021. [4] Lan C., Dong R., Zhou Z., Shu L., Li D., Yip S.P., Ho J.C.*, Advanced Materials, 29, 1702759, 2017. [5] Shil S.K.†, Wang F.†,*, Lai Z., Meng Y., Wang Y., Zhao D., Hossain M.K., Egdo K.O., Wang Y., Yu K.M.*, Ho J.C.*, Nano Research, 14, 4116-4124, 2021. [6] Meng Y., Lan C., Li F., Yip S.P., Wei R., Kang X., Bu X., Dong R., Zhang H., Ho J.C.*, ACS Nano, 13, 6060-6070, 2019. [7] Meng Y., Lai Z., Li F., Wang W., Yip S.P., Quan Q., Bu X., Wang F., Bao Y., Hosomi T., Takahashi T., Nagashima K., Yanagida T., Lu J., Ho J.C.*, ACS Nano, 14, 12749-12760, 2020.

RESUMENNuestra investigación se centra en las descripciones relacionadas con el mobiliario escolar, más concretamente con el pupitre –instrumento utilizado para el acomodo del alumno–, que se describen en la narrativa de las memorias de prácticas que redactaron, entre 1939 y 1948, los estudiantes de las Escuelas Normales de las Islas Baleares (España). A la hora de acotar nuestro estudio, realizado en base al método histórico aplicado al campo de la Historia de la Educación, hemos optado por analizar las 97 memorias pedagógicas que describen prácticas de enseñanza realizadas en escuelas públicas de las Islas Baleares, ubicadas en zonas rurales y urbanas. La documentación nos ha permitido acercarnos a algunas de las principales características y tipologías de pupitres que formaron parte de la escenografía del aula. Gracias a estas fuentes hemos podido detectar algunas de las características del mobiliario del momento, así como la superposición de distintas concepciones en torno a cómo debía ser el pupitre escolar, principal artefacto encargado de evitar la fatiga del alumno durante la jornada escolar. Este hecho lo podemos ligar a la superposición de distintas culturas escolares que, tal y como han demostrado algunas investigaciones recientes, coexistieron en España durante los primeros años de la dictadura franquista. Este artículo pone en evidencia que, tal y como sucede en la actualidad, los cambios en el día a día de la escuela tienen un ritmo propio, el cual no siempre va ligado a las transformaciones que acontecen en el ámbito político. Palabras clave: Memorias de prácticas. Mobiliario escolar. Islas Baleares.O mobiliário escolar na Espanha durante os primeiros anos do franquismo: testemunhos para seu estudoRESUMONossa investigação se centra nas descrições relacionadas com o mobiliário escolar, mais especificamente a carteira escolar – instrumento utilizado para acomodar o aluno – descritas em narrativas de memórias de práticas redigidas entre 1939 e 1948, por estudantes das Escolas Normais das Ilhas Baleares (Espanha). Quanto a delimitação do estudo, pautado no método historiográfico aplicado ao campo da História da Educação, optamos por analisar 97 memórias pedagógicas que descrevem práticas de ensino realizadas em escolas públicas localizadas nas zonas rural e urbana das Ilhas Baleares. A documentação permitiu aproximar-mo-nos de algumas das principais características e tipologias de carteiras escolares que fizeram parte da cenografia das salas de aula. Graças a estas fontes foi possível detectar algumas das características do mobiliário daquele período, bem como, a sobreposição de distintas concepções sobre como deve ser a carteira escolar, principal artefato destinado a evitar a fadiga do aluno durante a jornada escolar. Este fato pode estar ligado a sobreposição de distintas culturas escolares que, como demonstram algumas pesquisas recentes, coexistiram na Espanha durante os primeiros anos da ditadura franquista. Este artigo coloca em evidencia que, tal como acontece na atualidade, as mudanças do dia a dia da escola têm um ritmo próprio, o qual nem sempre está ligado às transformações que acontecem no âmbito político.Palavras-chave: Memórias de práticas. Mobiliário escolar. Ilhas Baleares.School furniture in Spain during the early years of the Francoism: Sources for his studyABSTRACTOur research focuses on the descriptions related to school furniture, more specifically with the school desk –an instrument used to accommodate the student– which are described in the narrative of the teacher’s training practice reports written between 1939 and 1948 by the students of the Teacher’s Training Centres of the Balearic Islands (Spain). In order to limit our study, which was carried out using the historical method applied to the field of the History of Education, we have chosen to analyze the 97 practice reports that describe teaching practices carried out in state schools in the Balearic Islands, located in rural and urban areas. The documentation has allowed us to approach some of the main characteristics and typologies of school desks that formed part of the classroom setting. Thanks to these sources we have been able to detect some of the characteristics of the furniture of the time, as well as the superimposition of different conceptions of what the school desk should look like, the main device responsible for preventing student fatigue during the school day. This fact can be linked to the overlapping of different school cultures which, as some recent research has shown, coexisted in Spain during the first years of the Franco’s dictatorship. This article shows that, as it happens today, the changes in the daily life of schools have their own rhythm, which is not always linked to the transformations that took place in the political sphere.Keywords: Teacher’s training practice reports. School furniture. The Balearic Islands.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 王念孫遺稿《淮南子韻譜》以古韻分部編排，列出《淮南》一書叶韻韻字。此稿旨在研究西漢古音而不在《淮南》之研究。本文嘗試依《淮南子》正文編排，標出《韻譜》所收用韻之部分，俾便治《淮南》學者查檢；而偶有《韻譜》脫漏未足者，試作補訂。Wang Nien-sun 王念孫 (1744-1832) left behind manuscripts on ancient Chinese phonology, amongst which is a work on the rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu arranged according to finals, known as Tabulated Rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu (淮南子韻譜). This was not accessible to scholars until its publication as an appendix by Lo Ch'ang-p'ei 羅常培 and Chou Tsu-mo 周祖謨 in their Han Wei Chin Nan-pei-ch'ao Yun-pu Yen-pien Yen-chiu Book I 漢魏晉南北朝韻部演變研究，第一分冊 (pp. 246-266) (Peking, 1958). The present work is an attempt at re-arrangement and expansion of Wang's work. The reason why it is necessary to do so is twofold. First, the manuscript Wang left behind is in a draft stage. There are numerous rhymes in the Huai-nan tzu which have been left out. There are cases of discrepancy between the Yun-p'u and the section of his Tu-shu tsa-chih 讀書雜志 on the Huai-nan tzu. Second, the Yun-p'u is a study of ancient Chinese phonology, and not, in the first instance, of the Huai-nan tzu. Thus the arrangement does not have the student of the Huai-nan tzu in mind and it is troublesome to locate the passages where rhymes actually occur. By contrast, the present compilation aims at helping the reader in his study of the Huai-nan tzu. It, therefore, carries the full text with all the rhymes marked, including those overlooked by Wang. It is hoped that this will not only highlight the rhyming passages but also be of help, at times, to the solution of textual as well as punctuational problems.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 王念孫遺稿《淮南子韻譜》以古韻分部編排，列出《淮南》一書坂韻韻字。《韻譜》旨在研究西漢古音而不在研究《淮南》。本文嘗試依《淮南子》〈繆稱〉、〈齊俗〉正文編排，標出《韻譜》所收用韻之部分，俾便治《淮南》學者查檢；而《韻譜》有所脫漏未足者，試作補訂。Wang Nien-sun 王念孫(1744-1832) left behind manuscripts on ancient Chinese phonology, amongst which is a work on the rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu arranged according to finals, known as Tabulated Rhymes of the Huai-nan tzu (淮南子韻譜 Huai-nan tzu yun-p’u ). This was not accessible to scholars until its publication as an appendix by Lo Ch’ang-p’ei 羅常培 and Chou Tsu-mo 周祖謨 to their Han Wei Chin Nan-pei-ch’ao Yun-pu Yen-pien Yen-chiu Book I 漢魏晉南北朝韻部演變硏究，第一分冊 (pp.246-266) (Peking, 1958). The present work is an attempt at rearrangement and expansion of Wang's work. The reason why it is necessary to do so is twofold. First, the manuscript Wang left behind is in a draft stage. There are numerous rhymes in the Huai-nan tzu which have been left out. There are cases of discrepancy between the Yun-p’u and the section of his Tu- shu tsa-chih 讀書雜志 on the Huai-nan tzu. Second, the Yun-p’u is a study of ancient Chinese phonology, and not, in the first instance, of the Huai-nan tzu. Thus the arrangement does not have the student of the Huai-nan tzu in mind and it is troublesome to locate the passages where rhymes actually occur. By contrast, the present compilation aims at helping the reader in his study of the Huai-nan tzu. It, therefore, carries the full text with all the rhymes marked including those overlooked by Wang. It is hoped that this will not only highlight the rhyming passages but also be of help, at times, to the solution oi textual as well as punctuational problems.