Academic literature on the topic 'Hand breadth'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hand breadth"
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Zahor, Swafaa. "Hand Anthropometry; Sex Determination from Hand Dimensions in Adult Tanzanians." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000288.
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Background: Personal identification through sex determination is an essential element of medico-legal examinations done by forensic scientists, clinical anatomists, clinical radiologists, anthropologists and orthopedic surgeons. The hand dimensions are sexually dimorphic and exhibit potential for sex discrimination. Aim: To determine the cut-off values of hand dimensions that could discriminate between sexes in Adult Tanzanians. Materials and Method: 384 students (192 males and 192 females) aged 18-59 years were studied. Hand length and breadth measurements were taken to estimate Hand Index, then statistically analyzed by the use of SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The average hand length and breadth were found to be about 1.6 cm and 0.7 cm greater in males than in females respectively. Cut off points to differentiate between male and female for hand length, breadth and index were 18.92 cm, 9.21 cm and 48.86 respectively. Conclusion: Hand length showed the highest accuracy in the determination of sex followed by hand breadth and lastly hand index. The study clearly demonstrates that the predictive accuracy of sex estimation varies within each population, hence emphasizes the significance of generating population-specific standards to accurately estimate sex.
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Urmi, Tamanna Mahmud, Uttam Kumar Paul, AHM Mazharul Islam, Afroj Zahan, Sk Amin Mohiuddin, and Tahmina Akter. "Hand Length and Hand Breadth and their Correlation with Stature in Bangladeshi Male Medical Students." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 18, no. 1 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v18i1.75527.
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Background: Dimensional relationship among various body parts and stature has been the focus of anatomists, forensic medicine specialists, anthropologists and orthopedicians.Standard radiographic measurements can provide accuracy in measurement of bony dimensions. Thus, the present study was performed to calculate hand length and hand breadth from digital radiographs of hand and wrist joints and to find out their correlation with stature. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine hand length and hand breadth from digital radiograph of hand and wrist joint (P/A view), to evaluate stature and also to find out the correlation of hand length and hand breadth with stature. Materials and Methods: Digital radiographs of hand and wrist joint (P/A view) were taken from 50 male students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka within the age of 20-25 years of age. Stature of study subjects were measured by stadiometer. Then the radiographs were imaged and transferred to computer according to scale. Finally, hand length and hand breadth were measured by using MB ruler software. Correlation betweenhand length and hand breadth with stature was observed by using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient test. Results: The mean ± SD of stature was 169.72 ± 5.06 cm.The mean ± SDof hand length was 19.08 ± 0.75 cm (range 17.7 - 21.3 cm) and the mean ± SD of hand breadth was 6.89 ± 0.40 cm. Hand length ( r = .414) and hand breadth ( r = .563) both had significant positive correlation with stature ( p<0.001). Conclusion: Stature has significant positive correlation with hand length and hand breadth was concluded. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2020, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 7-11
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Shweta, Jha, and Sethi Ruchira. "Prediction of Stature from Hand Dimensions in Undergraduate Medical Students." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 513–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14219831.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Stature estimation from different body segments is a very important tool for identification purposes. This has very important implications in modern world to identify bodies in natural disasters, terrorist attacks and accidents. Literature proves that the regression formula and multiplication factor to calculate stature from hand dimensions differs for every region. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To measure stature and hand dimensions of undergraduate medical students. To calculate standard equation derived from hand length and hand breadth to calculate stature in North Indian population. <strong>Material And Methods:</strong> Height (in cms), Right hand length (RHL), Left hand length (LHL), Right hand breadth(RHB ) and Left Hand breadth(LHB) were measured for undergraduate medical students in North India. Descriptive statistics was used to expressed quantitative variable as mean±S.D. Independent t test was used to compare hand dimensions and stature in male and female. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find correlation between the variables. Regression equation to calculate stature from hand dimensions was derived. <strong>Results And Conclusions: </strong>Mean value for stature for all subjects was 163±8.92 cms. For males, it was 173.88 ± 7.599 cms whereas for females it was 159.47 ± 5.874 cms. Mean value for RHL for all subjects was 18.76±1.17 cms, for males it was 19.792 ± 1.28 cms and females it was 18.413 ± 0.90 cms. Difference between all values was statistically significant. Right hand breadth (RHB) for all subjects was 7.5±0.6 cms, for males it was 8.307 ± 0.56 cms and females it was 7.234 ± 0.492 cms difference between two genders was statistically significant. (p<0.001). Left hand breadth (LHB) for all subjects was 7.48± 0.66 cms for males it was 8.19 ± 0.523 cms and for females it was 7.244 ± 0.522cms. Correlation coefficient of RHL, LHL, RHB and LHB with height was 0.75,0.73,0.72 and 0.46 respectively. Regression equation for stature estimation from hand dimensions was calculated. Hand length was found to be a better predictor of stature as compared to handbreadth.
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Varu, Pratik R., Prince J. Manvar, H. M. Mangal, Hetal C. Kyada, Divyesh K. Vadgama, and Shailesh D. Bhuva. "Determination of stature from hand dimensions." Journal of Medical Research 1, no. 3 (2015): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2015.1310.
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Background: Due to increase events of mass disaster and brutal murders, dismembered body parts are sent to postmortem examination every now and then. Determination of stature from dismembered body parts can play vital role for identification of person. This study can be helpful there to determine stature from Hand length and Hand breadth. Aims and Objectives: To derive Regression formula and multiplication factor to determine stature from Hand length and Hand breadth for population in and around Rajkot region of Gujarat. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 100 male cases and 100 female cases randomly selected from cadavers brought for post-mortem examination at mortuary of P. D. U. Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. Stature was measured with measuring tape and Hand dimensions were measured by Sliding caliper after breaking Rigor mortis, if developed. Statistics: Collected data were statistically analysed using software like Epi info 7 and Microsoft excel. Results: Hand length and Hand breadth of right as well as left sides were positively and significantly correlated to stature (r ranging from 0.423 to 0.639, p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in Hand length of both sides (p>0.05), however Hand breadth of right side wassignificantly higher than left side (p<0.05). Stature, Hand length and Hand breadth of male were significantly greater than of female (p<0.05). Regression formula were showing standard error of estimate (SEE) ranging from ±4.70 to ±5.99. Hand length was showing less SEE than Hand breadth, making it more useful for determination of stature. Conclusion: Hand length and Hand breadth are showing good correlation with stature. It was found from the study that regression formula can measure stature more precisely than multiplication factor, moreover regression formula derived from Hand length predicts stature more accurately than from Hand breadth. Regression formula and multiplication factor derived by present study for population in and around Rajkot region can be used for identification purpose in medico-legal cases.
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G. Taura, Magaji, Lawan H. Adamu, Abdullahi Y. Asuku, et al. "Potential and Accuracy of Hand Length and Hand Breadth in Sex Determination: An Insight into Hausa Population of Nigeria." Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine 2, no. 2 (2020): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/vmoy2714.
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The identification of an individual in mass disasters and traffic accidents is a fundamental goal in forensic investigations. However, it is suggested that every population needs anthropological reference data. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential and accuracy of hand length and hand breadth in sex determination among the Hausa population of Nigeria. Random sampling was employed to select 204 male and 194 female subjects aged 18-30 years. Hand length and hand breadth were measured using standard protocols. Two-sample t-test, binary logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics curve, and Youden’s index were used for determining sex using hand dimensions. Posterior probability and likelihood ratio were used to determine the favor odds of each category of hand dimension in sex discrimination.A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in hand length and hand breadth with higher mean values in males. The variance of sex explained by hand parameters ranges from 38.50/51.35% (lower/upper limits) to 52.98/70.66%, which were exhibited by right hand length and left hand breadth respectively. The overall prediction and percentage accuracy of sex discrimination ranges between 80.40 to 86.70 % that were exhibited by right hand length and handbreadth respectively. We observed that left hand breadth exhibited higher Younden’s index with an area under curve (AUC) ranging from 91.60% to 96.05%. We found that hand length of > 189.99 mm was indicative of male origin and hand breadth of > 79.99 mm was indicative of male origin.
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Akter, Mst Taslima, Nahid Farhana Amin, and Ahsan Arif. "Association of the dominant handgrip strength with the hand dimensions of adult Bangladeshi female laborers." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 7, no. 3 (2021): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v7i3.56133.
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The handgrip strength determines the overall physical health and muscle function of the hand. Nowadays in Bangladesh, female laborers are an important source of work force in many industries. Laborers require more handgrip strength to perform their daily work efficiently. Besides, hand is the part of the body that directly related with handgrip strength, so, the hand dimensions are deemed essential to investigate. Therefore this study is to investigate the association of the dominant handgrip strength with the hand dimensions like hand length, hand breadth, hand span, palm length, palm breadth and wrist breadth of adult Bangladeshi female laborers. Hundred (100) adult female laborers aged between 18 to 45 years, residing in different slums in Dhaka city of Bangladesh were the participants of the present research. Six selected hand dimensions of the right side were measured using the digital slide caliper by direct physical procedure and dominant handgrip strength was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer. The associations of the dominant handgrip strength with the selected six hand dimensions were tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. The mean value of the dominant handgrip strength of the laborers was 25.6 kg. In present research, the dominant handgrip strength was positively associated with the six selected hand dimensions (hand length, hand breadth, hand span, palm length, palm breadth and wrist breadth). However, the association of dominant handgrip strength with the breadth of hand, palm and wrist reached up to significant level individually. Besides, to get desired success in work of a female laborer, it is important to see the hand anthropometry and handgrip strength, because, better handgrip strength lead to better performance in work. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (3), 230-237
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Bhagat, Prachi, Vivek Singh, and Arun Kumar Singh. "Estimation of Sex from Hand Dimension in Nepalese Population." Civil Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (2025): 29–32. https://doi.org/10.59338/cmj.21.
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Introduction: Identification of a dead person is important from both humanitarian and criminal investigation reasons. Identification of dead person in grossly mutilated body may pose a problem. In such instances measurement of skeletal remains can be of great help. Objective: To determine sex from hand dimension in Nepalese population. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, Makwanpur, during April and May 2023. Convenience sampling technique was used for sample collection. A total of 200 students (100 male and 100 female) from various colleges of Makwanpur were selected for the study. Measurements were taken separately for right and left hands using digital vernier caliper in centimeters. Only right handed person were selected to avoid the influence of handedness on data standards. The age group above 18 years and above was selected because ossification of hand bones completes by this age. Population with deformities, injuries, fractures, amputations, history of surgical interventions for the hands or fingers. Hand length, breadth was measured and hand index was estimated. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using MS Excel. The Student’s t-test was performed to compare the hand length, breadth and hand index; in the two hands and between both sexes. Results: The dimension of hand length and hand breadth was found to be greater in males as compared to females. The difference was found to be statistically significant with p value < 0.001. Conclusions: Hand dimension can be used used for determination of sex with fair accuracy in Nepalese population.
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Afrin, Tamanna, Monira Khatun, Sharmin Akhter Sumi, and Mahfuza Chowdhury. "A Comparative Study of Anthropometry between Right and Left Hand of Bangladeshi Male Potters." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 16, no. 2 (2018): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v16i2.75506.
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Context: Anthropometry is a series of systematized measuring techniques that quantitatively express the dimensions of the human body and skeleton. The study was aimed to measure the length, breadth, thickness and span of right and left hand of Bangladeshi male potters. Materials and Methods: One hundred adult Bangladeshi male potters age ranging from 25-55 years were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements, e.g. hand length, breadth, thickness and span were measured with the help of anthropometric equipments such as digital slide calipers and ruler. The measurements were made by same person on both hand for three times. The median value was taken for reliable values. Results: Hand breadth and span were significantly higher (p<0.05) in right hand than left hand of Bangladeshi male potters. Conclusion: In the present study significantly higher value of breadth and span in right hand than left hand was found in male potters of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2018, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 43-45
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Joshi, A., A. Kataria, R. Singh, et al. "Stature Estimation from Dimension of Hands and Hand Prints in Dehradun Population." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 11 (2022): 4232–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329397.
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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong> <strong>Background: </strong>Stature estimation by hand dimension is one of the common parameters in anthropometry but using the handprints for the same and its positive correlation with height of the subject, makes it a more useful parameter for identification of suspects who have left hand prints at the crime scene.<sup>[1]</sup>. <strong>Methodology</strong>: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 (75 males and 75 females) healthy subjects after taking voluntary informed consent. Stature was measured by stadiometer and hand and hand print dimension were measured by vernier caliper. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. <strong>Results</strong>: All parameter’s measurement were higher in male as compared to female subjects and shown range of weak to strong but positive correlation with height. Maximum positive correlation was observed in total population whereas minimum positive correlation was observed in between left hand breadth and left hand print breadth with height in female subjects. All the parameters were shown statistically significant correlation with height as p value was less than 0.05. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The regression models thus formed is able to predict stature would be beneficial in challenges of identification of humans.
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Sertel Meyvaci, Seda, Rengin Kosif, Murat Diramali, and Tugce Baki. "Investigation of the relationship of the morphometric measurements of the hands and fingers with the personality traits of leadership." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v8i1.29310.
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Background: The hand is a functionally critical organ at the distal end of the upper extremity. Also, the creases in the hands and the digital flexion creases on the fingers are the important external anatomical landmarks.Objectives: There are no studies found in the literature, linking solely the leadership personality traits with the anthropometric measurements of the hand.Methods: This descriptive study was to investigate the relationship between the 44 anthropometric measurements about hand, and the leadership personality traits in young adults from both genders.Results: When the leadership frames were compared by the scores, human resource leadership scores were significantly higher in the females. The charismatic leadership frame scores positively correlated with the parameters in males; including the breadth of the right hand, the breadth of the left hand, the index finger length of the left hand, and the distal phalanx length of the index finger on the left hand. The transformational leadership score was positively correlated with the left hand width and with the distal phalanx of the index finger on the left hand. In females, it was found out that the frames of human leadership and charismatic leadership correlated negatively with the length of the right thumb.Conclusions: According to the results of our study, we concluded that the breadth of the hand and the measurements of the thumb and the index fingers can provide opinion on leadership personality traits.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hand breadth"
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Xiao, Guofang. "3-D free-hand ultrasound imaging and image analysis of the breast." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393987.
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Erickson, Sarah J. "Clinical Translation of a Novel Hand-held Optical Imager for Breast Cancer Diagnosis." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/407.
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Optical imaging is an emerging technology towards non-invasive breast cancer diagnostics. In recent years, portable and patient comfortable hand-held optical imagers are developed towards two-dimensional (2D) tumor detections. However, these imagers are not capable of three-dimensional (3D) tomography because they cannot register the positional information of the hand-held probe onto the imaged tissue. A hand-held optical imager has been developed in our Optical Imaging Laboratory with 3D tomography capabilities, as demonstrated from tissue phantom studies. The overall goal of my dissertation is towards the translation of our imager to the clinical setting for 3D tomographic imaging in human breast tissues. A systematic experimental approach was designed and executed as follows: (i) fast 2D imaging, (ii) coregistered imaging, and (iii) 3D tomographic imaging studies. (i) Fast 2D imaging was initially demonstrated in tissue phantoms (1% Liposyn solution) and in vitro (minced chicken breast and 1% Liposyn). A 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target at 1:0 contrast ratio was detectable up to 2.5 cm deep. Fast 2D imaging experiments performed in vivo with healthy female subjects also detected a 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target superficially placed ~2.5 cm under the breast tissue. (ii) Coregistered imaging was automated and validated in phantoms with ~0.19 cm error in the probe’s positional information. Coregistration also improved the target depth detection to 3.5 cm, from multi-location imaging approach. Coregistered imaging was further validated in-vivo, although the error in probe’s positional information increased to ~0.9 cm (subject to soft tissue deformation and movement). (iii) Three-dimensional tomography studies were successfully demonstrated in vitro using 0.45 cm3 fluorescence targets. The feasibility of 3D tomography was demonstrated for the first time in breast tissues using the hand-held optical imager, wherein a 0.45 cm3 fluorescent target (superficially placed) was recovered along with artifacts. Diffuse optical imaging studies were performed in two breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The images showed greater absorption at the tumor cites (as observed from x-ray mammography, ultrasound, and/or MRI). In summary, my dissertation demonstrated the potential of a hand-held optical imager towards 2D breast tumor detection and 3D breast tomography, holding a promise for extensive clinical translational efforts.
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Radhakrishnan, Vijayakumar. "THE EFFECT OF HAND CATCHING AND MACHINE CATCHING METHODS ON BROILER BREAST MEAT QUALITY." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04162007-104024/.
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Mechanical and hand catching of broilers were performed to determine if differences existed in breast meat quality among catching methods. Meat quality results were summarized using a two-prong approach to investigate if average differences existed in meat quality through the determination of ultimate pH, rapid pH decline, color, water holding capacity, and tenderness within each treatment and by pinpointing individual quality problems within treatments. Two trials were conducted and revealed greater variation in meat quality during summer in comparison to winter within treatments in both catching methods. In winter, there was a lower incidence (p<0.05) of paleness in birds that were crated for 2h prior to euthanasia in comparison to birds immediately euthanized after catching within both hand and machine catching methods. Mechanical catching and crating for 2 hours was conducive to slightly better quality meat than hand catching in respect to averages and individual quality problems.
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Van, Tassel William Edward. "An evaluation of pocket-model, numerical readout breath alcohol testing instruments." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1159.
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Eight small-scale breath alcohol measurement devices were tested for accuracy, precision and the ability to not yield false positive and false negative readings. These pocket-sized breath testers (PMBTs), which provided numerical readout of BrAC to the 100th of a percent, were smaller than evidential and preliminary breath test instruments (EBTs and PBTs). The smallest devices were approximately the same size of a cigarette lighter. Designed to provide drinkers feedback about their individual alcohol levels, the PMBTs ranged in price from $40-100 USD.
The devices were first tested under laboratory conditions with alcohol solution simulators providing the alcoholic samples. They were then tested with human drinkers, under controlled field conditions. Each device was tested at multiple alcohol levels.
Two of the eight PMBTs failed to complete all levels of testing and were excluded from the study. All PMBTs demonstrated the ability to not yield false positive and false negative readings. No device met NHTSA performance criteria for accuracy (systematic error) in testing EBTs at every alcohol level tested. An interaction between PMBTs and the alcohol test levels was found. Thus, accuracy was found to be dependent upon the alcohol level at which the devices were tested. No device met NHTSA performance criteria for precision in testing EBTs at every alcohol level tested. Precision varied depending on the testing condition. There was less precision under controlled field conditions than under laboratory conditions. Five of the six PMBTs that completed the testing overestimated BrAC; only one device read below actual BrAC.
Ramifications of the findings are discussed, regarding the overestimation and underestimation of BrAC and the possibility of manufacturers intentionally calibrating the devices to overestimate BrAC. Potential PMBT users are discussed and areas for future research are addressed.
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Martinez, Sergio L. "Performance Enhancement In Accuracy and Imaging Time of a Hand-Held Probe-Based Optical Imager." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/397.
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The Optical Imaging Laboratory has developed a hand-held optical imaging system that is capable of 3D tomographic imaging. However, the imaging system is limited by longer imaging times, and inaccuracy in the positional tracking of the hand-held probe. Hence, the objective is to improve the performance of the imaging system by improving imaging time and positional accuracy. This involves: (i) development of automated single Labview-based software towards near real-time imaging; and (ii) implementation of an alternative positional tracking device (optical) towards improved positional accuracy during imaging. Experimental studies were performed using cubical tissue phantoms (1% Liposyn solution) and 0.45-cc fluorescence target(s) placed under various conditions. The studies demonstrated a 90% reduction in the imaging time (now ~27 sec/image) and also an increase from 94% to 97% in the positional accuracy of the hand-held probe. Performance enhancements in the hand-held optical imaging system have improved its potential towards clinical breast imaging.
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Andrews, Stephanie H. "Understanding pain in people who have had breast cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10023/.
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Background: The number of people surviving breast cancer is increasing. Pain is rarely a symptom of breast cancer and for many individuals their first experience of cancer pain is during treatment. Individuals who have been treated for cancer may experience ‘long-term effects’, symptoms which arise from treatment but persist into remission, or ‘late effects’, symptoms which commence after remission. This is an emerging area in the cancer literature and the prevalence, degree and management of these effects are currently being explored. Electronic pain monitoring offers a potential solution to the clinical issue of managing pain in survivors of breast cancer, but at present pain in breast cancer survivors is not routinely monitored. It is yet to be found exactly which information and at what frequency will be most reliable, tolerable and useful. Aims: Therefore this study aimed to compare pain diaries completed either when pain occurred (pain event driven) or at specific times (time driven). These online pain diaries included rating pain on a pain scale, its interference with daily activities and a requirement to predict pain for the following 12 hours. The study also explored how the individuals experienced using the online diaries and the pain scales. Design & methods: The study used a mixed methods case series design consisting of visual analysis, correlation and thematic analysis. Ten participants were recruited who had all previously been diagnosed with breast cancer and were at least 2 years post-surgery and currently cancer-free, having received a number of different treatments. Participants were required to complete pain diaries, including predicting their pain, over a 12 day period switching between pain event driven and time driven (twice daily) schedules according to a predetermined pattern. Participants then took part in a semi-structured interview and a scaling task involving the 10 point pain scale. Results: Pain levels and interference from pain varied greatly within and between individuals. The total number of diaries completed by each participant varied from four to seventeen. There were no significant differences in responses between the two diary types, and participants did not express a strong preference for one over another. The majority of predictions made were either ‘same as today’ or ‘don’t know’. It was not possible to determine prediction accuracy in most cases. Thematic analysis of interview data generated three meta-themes: (1) making sense of experiences, (2) uncertainties about the future and (3) research is beneficial. Conclusions: This technology has shown great promise as an engaging, practical way to monitor pain. Predicting pain remains a difficult yet interesting task for participants. Limitations and wider implications are discussed.
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Becker, Genevieve. "Assessing health worker performance in assisting a mother to learn the skills of hand expression of breast milk." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1231/.
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Breastfeeding is important in the health of children and their mothers, and expressed milk is particularly important when the infant is ill or unable to breastfeed. Mothers may not receive effective assistance to learn skills of milk expression. This study was undertaken to examine if a mother-centred framework could be used to develop a method to assess a lactation consultant student’s performance in assisting a mother in learning skills for hand expression. As there was no apparent research on techniques of hand expression, a three-round Delphi exercise was conducted with experts from three continents, in conjunction with a review of educational materials and observation of mothers expressing. This resulted in a composite list of knowledge and skills that a mother needed. A review of educational methods indicated that adult learning and self-efficacy techniques could be used effectively for assisting the mother’s learning. These techniques were in line with expected professional practice of student lactation consultants. The skills of expression were blended with the skills of assisting learning to develop an instrument to facilitate assessment by observation in a real workplace encounter. Gathering the views of the mother, of the student assisting, and of an examiner, facilitates feedback to the student as well as an assessment score. The instrument and assessment process underwent a validation process involving panels composed of students, mothers and examiners and educators. The evidence from this validation indicated that the instrument was representative and relevant to the expected behaviours of assisting the mother, that it was useable by the three groups, and that it was likely to pick up a poorly performing student. The three panels’ views indicated that all items should meet a minimum level to pass, that the views of the mother, the student and the examiner should all have value, and that a visual analogue scale provided an acceptable means to mark the performance. A passing standard was determined that can be used for pilot testing of the instrument and process, and for testing of reliability. The instruments and assessment process are brought to readiness for pilot testing with students to determine their performance as well as the feasibility of multi-source assessment that is mother-centred and values the views of the mother. It potentially provides a means of effectively assessing one area of clinical practice and could be extended to assess other areas.
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Webber, Susan. "Living with the experience, making meaning since having had breast cancer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0004/MQ44785.pdf.
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Gonzalez, Jean. "Development and Testing of a Second Generation Hand-held Optical Imager." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/596.
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Hand-held optical imagers are developed towards clinical breast cancer imaging. Herein, a Gen-2 hand-held optical imager has been developed with unique features: (i) image curved breast tissues with ~86% surface contact, and (ii) perform reflectance and transillumination imaging using the novel forked probe heads. Extensive phantom studies were performed using 1% Liposyn solution (background, ~ 300 ml and 1000 ml volumes) and 0.45 cc India Ink (absorption) targets, under different target:background contrast ratios and target depths. Two-dimensional surface images detected target(s) up to 2.5 cm deep via reflectance imaging, and up to 5 cm deep via transillumination imaging. Preliminary studies on gel-based breast phantoms (~700 ml) detected targets via reflectance and transillumination imaging. Preliminary in-vivo reflectance studies on normal and cancerous breast tissues also detected targets, although with artifacts. In future, the portable Gen-2 imager has potential for clinical breast imaging via reflectance and transillumination approach after extensive in-vivo studies.
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Lewis, Reaby Linda, and n/a. "Post-mastectomy self-perceptions and breast restoration decision- making in women who wear external breast prostheses and women who have had breast reconstructions : implications for health professionals." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.091439.
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Women diagnosed with breast cancer and who have the disease surgically treated by
mastectomy experience a health crisis. This thesis focused on the behaviours, feelings
and attitudes of women during their breast cancer and mastectomy experiences. The
overall purpose was to identify therapeutic factors that can be used by health
professionals to improve the psychological and physiological well-being of women with
this disease. The conceptual scaffolding for the thesis was drawn from the fields of
perceptual psychology and decision-making.
The thesis was supported by a study that examined specific areas concerning the breast
cancer and mastectomy experience. These areas were self-perceptions, the
psychological milieu resulting from a breast cancer diagnosis, and post-mastectomy
breast restoration decision-making. The population included: a prosthesis group of 64
women who had mastectomies and wore external breast prostheses, a reconstruction
group of 31 women who had mastectomies and underwent breast reconstructions, a
control A group of 75 women who had not experienced mastectomy, and a control B
group of 65 women who also had not experienced mastectomy.
Self-perceptions:
The perceptions of the prosthesis, reconstruction and control A groups regarding their
body-image, self-concept, total self-image, and self-esteem were compared by using
Polivy's (1977) Body-Image Scale and Rosenberg's (1965) Self-Esteem Scale. The
body-image, total self-image, and self-esteem mean scores indicated that the prosthesis
and reconstruction groups had more positive feelings regarding their bodies than did the
control group. There were no significant differences in self-concept among the three
groups. These findings challenge a common assumption that mastectomy automatically
results in psychiatric morbidity caused by an altered body-image and suggest that health
professionals should not make assumptions about how a woman will psychologically
respond to mastectomy.
Quality of life perceptions were compared among the prosthesis, reconstruction and
control B groups using the Ferrans and Powers (1985) Quality of Life Index. The mean
scores of the prosthesis and reconstruction groups were higher than the control group's
scores, with higher scores indicating more positive quality of life perceptions. The
findings suggest that the women in the mastectomy samples had found ways to cope
with their health crises. Over time, they learned not to define all existence in terms of a
cancer diagnosis and had gained or maintained a positive perspective on life.
Post-mastectomy attitudes in the prosthesis and the reconstruction groups were
compared. Using the Mastectomy Attitude Scale the results indicated that both groups
were satisfied with their bodies, had a positive outlook towards their lives, implied that
sexuality entailed more than having breasts, and felt that mastectomy treatment was
necessary to save their lives. Neither group concealed that they had a mastectomy, nor
were the women prone to discuss their mastectomy experiences. The findings from the
study indicate that the women post-mastectomy already had or developed positive
attitudes towards themselves and life in general and the method chosen for breast
restoration had no apparent impact on these attitudes.
The self-perception data indicated that women do adjust and cope with breast cancer
surgically treated by mastectomy. These women should be encouraged by health
professionals to develop a helping relationship with other women who are newly
diagnosed with the disease. This alliance could engender hope in those women who are
beginning their journey along a similar road to survival. More hope for these women
and less fatalism would decrease their sense of crisis and facilitate their abilities to take
an active part in the decision-making processes relating to their treatment.
Psychological Milieu:
The women in the prosthesis and the reconstruction groups were interviewed about their
breast cancer and mastectomy experiences. The findings supported the premise that
receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer plunged the women into a health crisis and caused
an instant disruption to their lives. The women found that they had to suddenly deal
with several complex issues all at the same time, such as what must be done in the
immediate future to treat the cancer, as well as the more frightening issues of the
meaning of the illness on their ultimate life expectancy. All of this turmoil played
havoc with their ability to make informed decisions regarding their breast cancer
treatment alternatives. This finding suggests the need for more individualised
interventions and support for women when they are making decisions during this
stressful period. Health professionals need to keep in mind that simply hearing the
word "cancer" often prevents a person from assimilating the complete diagnosis,
indicated treatments, and possible prognosis. Therefore, care-givers must be prepared
to repeat and elaborate upon information previously given to the affected individual and
the family.
Breast Restoration Decision-Making:
To evaluate the prosthesis and the reconstruction groups' abilities to undertake
competent breast restoration decision-making, a 5 Stage process was devised, modelled
after Janis and Mann's (1977) seven criteria for competent decision-making. Analysis
of the data revealed that both groups displayed passive information seeking behaviour
in relation to breast restoration alternatives. They had either no knowledge or limited
knowledge regarding the alternatives. Their lack of knowledge was due either to (1)
anxiety about their disease, or (2) deficiencies in the interpersonal skills of individuals
presenting information to them, or (3) the perceptions that they had insufficient time to
gather information, or (4) a combination of these factors.
Because the prosthesis and the reconstruction groups were under stress they used coping
styles to accomplish decision-making. To measure their coping styles five categories
were defined, based on Janis and Mann's (1977) conflict model of emergency decisionmaking
and Simon's (1957) notion of "bounded rationality". Two styles emerged. The
prosthesis group used the "Sideliner" style that allowed the women to make a quick,
conflict-free decision. They were not aware of alternative choices resulting in their
decision-making experience being uncomplicated and effortless. The reconstruction
group used the "Contented" style that also allowed them an uncomplicated and
effortless decision-making experience. The women decided that breast reconstruction
was their only viable option. Many of them did not even think that they had made a
decision about an alternative because of the strong salience towards breast
reconstruction.
A breast restoration decision-making model has been developed and proposed for
women to use when considering their alternatives. This model offers to health
professionals and women a realistic and useable decision-making process that can be
implemented when individuals are experiencing a health crisis. The model can be
modified and used for numerous situations that require decisions regarding treatment
alternatives.
This inquiry has demonstrated that there is a need for a specific health professional to
assist women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. This individual would assume
several roles that include one of advocacy for the women, and the important role of
ensuring that these individuals have the information and knowledge to make competent
decisions regarding their breast cancer treatments.
Books on the topic "Hand breadth"
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H, Gold Richard, and Kimme-Smith Carolyn, eds. Hand-held and automated breast ultrasound. Slack, 1986.
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Wecksler, Becky Lynn. In God's hand: One woman's experience with breast cancer. Herald Press, 1989.
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Hastings, Swede. Homemade bread simplified: Better bread baking by hand and by machine. Reflected Images Publishers, 1997.
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6
Tanavoli, Parviz. Nan va namak =: Bread and salt : Iranian tribal spreads and salt bags. Ketab Sara Co., 1991.
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Ojakangas, Beatrice A. Whole grain breads by machine or hand: 200 delicious, healthful, simple recipes. Macmillan, 1998.
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Codacci-Terlević, Giulia. Od pintadera do prehrane: Putovanje kroz prošlost s Edukacijskim Odjelom Arheološkog Muzejja Istre = Dalle pintadere all'alimentazione : un viaggio nel passato col Dipartimento Didattico del Museo Archeologico dell'Istria. Arheološki Muzej Istre, 2012.
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Judith, Blahnik, and Bread Alone (Bakery), eds. Bread Alone: Bold fresh loaves from your own hands. W. Morrow, 1993.
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Fishman, Mordekhai Yiśraʼel. Sefer Otsar ha-Shulḥan: ʻal Shu. ʻa. O. ḥ. : Hilkhot neṭilat yadayim, betsiʻat ha-pat, devarim ha-nohagim bi-seʻudah u-virkat ha-mazon : kolel tamtsit ha-shiṭot ha-muvaʼot be-Shu. ʻa. ... Mordekhai Yiśraʼel Fishman, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hand breadth"
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Vashishtha, Swapnil, and Mark Rhinard. "Big Data as a Creeping Crisis." In Understanding the Creeping Crisis. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70692-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the mass accumulation of private data in terms of a creeping crisis. The threat at hand—commonly referred to as “Big Data”—pertains to the direct compromising of personal integrity and safety. The chapter explores the driving forces behind this threat, identifies the precursor events or “flare-ups” of the deeper problem, and documents the varying levels of scientific, political, and public attention given to the problem. Our analysis reveals the breadth of the problem and the main challenge to managing it: societies’ deep dependence on the underlying technologies and systems. Addressing this creeping crisis will require substantial government intervention to regulate privacy and effective horizon scanning to track its many possible costs.
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Anh, La Thi Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Pham Thanh Hien, Tran Thi Nga, Ta Van Doanh, and Tran Minh Hieu. "Research on the Characteristics of the Length, Breadth, and Diagonal Hand Dimensions of Male Students by Indirect Measurement Method." In Advances in Asian Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91892-7_61.
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OBrien, Mary. "Breast." In Plastic & Hand Surgery in Clinical Practice. Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-263-0_7.
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Babacan, Serdar. "Chest Wall Muscles and Breast." In Clinical Anatomy of Muscle a Hand Book for Healthcare Professionals. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358862.5.
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The muscles of the chest are mostly muscles that start from the ribs and terminate either in the ribs at different levels or in the surrounding anatomical structures (especially the bones). There are muscles that assist in the movement of the upper extremity as well as muscles that assist in inspiration and expiration. Muscles located between the ribs are innervated by intercostal nerves, while other large muscles located further above these muscles are innervated by branches of the brachial plexus.The diaphragm, the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, is also responsible for respiratory movements. In addition to respiratory it has functions such as micturition, defecation, labor, and decreasing intrathoracic pressure and increasing intraabdominal pressure. Innervated by the phrenic nerve, the muscle has passages between its fibers that allow the passage of organs between the thorax and the abdominal cavity.The breast, which is located between the fasciae on the anterior chest wall, is important for women as a secondary sex character and for feeding newborns. It is important to know the structure and lymphatic drainage of the breast, especially in terms of breast cancers, which are very common among women in society.
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Lee, Kanghoon, Sang Hwa Lee, and Jong-Il Park. "Hands-Free Interface Using Breath Residual Heat." In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interaction, Visualization, and Analytics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92043-6_18.
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Luce, Edward. "Reconstruction (Hand, Upper Extremities, Axilla, Breast, Foot, Splinting)." In A Curriculum for Plastic Surgery. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62087-4_63.
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de Groot, W. P. "Cosmetic Sclerotherapy of Breasts and Hands." In Phlebology ’95. Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3095-6_297.
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Dey, Pranab. "Hard Swelling in the Right Breast." In Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9772-1_13.
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Sanchez-Vicente, Carlos, J. P. Santos, Jesús Lozano, and I. Sayago. "Hand-Held Electronic Nose to Detect Biomarkers of Diseases Through Breath." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37558-4_7.
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Avanaki, Ali R. N., Kathryn S. Espig, Albert Xthona, Tom R. L. Kimpe, Predrag R. Bakic, and Andrew D. A. Maidment. "It Is Hard to See a Needle in a Haystack: Modeling Contrast Masking Effect in a Numerical Observer." In Breast Imaging. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07887-8_100.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hand breadth"
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Guzman, Alejandro, Noah Márquez Vara, and Oliver Díaz Montesdeoca. "From hand-crafted radiomics to deep learning: evaluating breast cancer classification methods in mammograms." In Imaging Informatics, edited by Shandong Wu. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3046672.
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Chandrasegaran, Senthil, Sriram Karthik Badam, Zhenpeng Zhao, Niklas Elmqvist, Lorraine Kisselburgh, and Karthik Ramani. "Collaborative Sketching With skWiki: A Case Study." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35159.
Full textAbstract:
Sketching for conceptual design has traditionally been performed on paper. Recent computational tools for conceptual design have leveraged the availability of hand-held computing devices and web-based collaborative platforms. Further, digital sketching interfaces have the added advantages of storage, duplication, and sharing on the web. We have developed skWiki, a tool that enables collaborative sketching on digital tablets using a web-based framework. We evaluate skWiki in two contexts, (a) as a collaborative ideation tool, and (b) as a design research tool. For this evaluation, we perform a longitudinal study of an undergraduate design team that used skWiki over the course of the concept generation and development phase of their course project. Our analysis of the team’s sketching activity indicated instances of lateral and vertical transformation between participants, indicating collaborative exploration of the breadth and depth of the design space. Using skWiki for this evaluation also demonstrated it to be an effective research tool to investigate such collaborative design processes.
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Umemura, Kazuki, Ryohei Kobayashi, Tatsuya Inoue, Hirochika Tanigawa, and Katsuya Hirata. "On Control Factors for the Oscillation of a Simplified Flip-Flop Jet Nozzle." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28638.
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The authors experimentally investigate a self-excited oscillatory phenomenon of a two-dimensional confined jet with a cylinder as a downstream target, especially for the effect of a streamwise target size a. As a result, the authors find that the jet’s dominant frequency fD can be approximately predicted by the proposed empirical formula (Hirata et al., 2011), whenever the jet stably oscillates at various values of the non-dimensional streamwise target size a/b where b denotes the length scale of the jet’s breadth. The effect of a/b upon the occurrence of the stable jet oscillation is negligible for a/b ≤ 10. Then, the occurrence of oscillations can be predicted by the proposed empirical formula (Hirata et al., 2009). On the other hand, for a/b > 10, the a/b effect is not negligible. In addition, the authors conduct numerical analyses, which reveal the two-dimensionality of the concerning phenomenon.
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Joshi, Pratibha, Renu Jethi, Nirmal Chandra, M. L. Roy, Atheequlla G.A, and H. L. Kharbirkar. "Anthropometry of Indian Hill Women for Development of Agricultural Implements." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100069.
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Anthropometry deals with the measurements of physical properties which are essentials for designing any tools or equipments. For designing ergonomically sound women friendly technology and assessment of nutritional status anthropometry has the pivotal role. In the present study anthropometric measurements of 45 body dimensions of women and nutrition related measurements of body type were documented from farm women’s in hills of Uttarakhand. The aim of this study is to document the mean and percentile range of static and dynamic anthropometric measurements and to provide a comprehensive data for use by anthropologists, nutritionist and ergonomic practitioners who are engaged in designing and evaluating mechanized technologies for women. Various body dimensions in standing and sitting positions, reach measurements, determinants of body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded for hill women working in the agricultural domain. Total 100 women extensively involved in agricultural operations were chosen for the study and reference data to specify the physical dimensions for enhancing operational ability, safety, and convenience and comfort were recorded. Skinfold thickness was measured at four sites i.e. biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac. The data(mean ± Standard Deviation) in centimeters pertaining to stature 149.5 ± 9.04, Standing eye height 140.96 ± 6.89, Standing cervical height 129.33 ± 6.21, Standing shoulder height 123.63 ± 4.86 , Naval height 99.67 ± 2.02, Hip Breadth (Standing) 102.12 ± 6.11, Chest depth 85.80 ± 5.58, Chest Breadth 91.13 ± 4.48, Arm Span 57.66 ± 3.41, Elbow span 38.48 ± 2.22, Arm Length 50.12 ± 1.57, Ankle height 7.73 ± 1.01, Thigh Circumference 45.26 ± 4.28, Calf Circumference 29.54 ± 4.08, Sitting measurements, head and face, hand and foot anthropometry and reaches were incorporated. The range of biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac for farm women varied between 3.9 to 8.1 mm, 6.2 to 10.8mm, 8.4 to 15.2 mm and 7.5 to 12.5 with the average of 5.9 ± 0.9 mm, 8.08 ± 1.8 mm, 12.75 ± 1.6 mm, 10.5 ± 3.5 mm respectively. It was found that body density of subjects was ranged from 1.03 to 1.06, with mean of 1.04 ± 0.003 and percent body fat was 24.5 ± 1.4. The subjects were classified into categories of chronic energy deficient, normal and obese on the basis of Body Mass Index. It was found that 46 percent were undernourished, 33.3 percent women were normal, 18 percent low normal and only 1.6 percent overweight.
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Winter, Amos G., Mario A. Bollini, Danielle H. DeLatte, Harrison F. O’Hanley, and Natasha K. Scolnik. "The Design and Testing of a Low-Cost, Globally-Manufacturable, Multi-Speed Mobility Aid Designed for Use on Varied Terrain in Developing and Developed Countries." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87609.
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Mobility aids that are currently available in developing countries do not fully meet users’ needs. People require a device that is maneuverable within the home and that can travel long distances on rough roads. To address this problem, we have designed the Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC), a wheelchair-based mobility aid capable of navigating virtually any terrain by optimally utilizing upper body power for propulsion through a variable-speed lever drivetrain. The lever system achieves a 4:1 change in mechanical advantage, equating to leverage that ranges from 0.42X to 1.65X a standard wheelchair hand rim. In comparative trials, the LFC demonstrated capabilities that far exceed those of any mobility aid currently available in the developing world; it was able to cruise on smooth surfaces at 2m/s (5mph), climb muddy, grassy hills with a 1:3 slope, and navigate terrain with a coefficient of rolling resistance as high as 0.48. This operational flexibility should make the LFC usable on any terrain, from rural walking paths to tight indoor confines, and greatly increase the mobility of people with disabilities in developing countries. The LFC may also be attractive to wheelchair users in developed countries, as its performance breadth exceeds that of currently available products.
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Chujo, Toshiki, and Ken Haneda. "Concept Study for the Floater Type Selection on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63040.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The FOWTs (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines) projects are spreading, especially in Europe. Some of FOWTs are doing commercial activities, on the other hand, many new concepts of FOWTs are still published in the world. This may mean that there is room for the reduction of the construction cost of the floater, therefore the development of more reasonable design of the floater would give rise to big business opportunities. These new concept of FOWTs are thought to be optimized regarding the safety and economic efficiency, but there are a few studies for the comparison in the safety, economic efficiency, and parameters which effect to them between different types of floater concepts. Therefore, authors carried out the parametric study in terms of the motion in waves and wind and construction cost for the semi-submersible type and the spar type. In this study, 2, 5, 10, 15MW wind turbines are assumed to be installed on the floater, and dimensions of the floater and an inclination angle because of the maximum thrust force are set as constraint conditions. The construction cost is estimated as a product of material weight and unit cost of material. Authors found the solution regarding the relationship between the construction cost and the performance of the FOWTs through this study. the distance between the columns and the lower pontoon breadth were effective parameters to ensure he performance in waves and to reduce the construction cost of semi-submersible floater.
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Wang, Li, Qiuying Wang, Shufeng Sun, and Lige Tong. "Research on Hard-Core of the Steamed Bread Caused by Microwave Heating." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32563.
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Microwave heating has been extensively used in the area of food handling, and many investigators have been studying the effect of microwave heating on the quality of food. However, the phenomenon concerning on the hard-cores in steamed breads caused by microwave heating is poorly understood. A series of experiments are designed in this paper to investigate the impact of microwave heating on the quality of steamed breads under different heating conditions. The experiment results show that the hardness and cohesiveness can be used to measure the hard-core of steamed breads. The mechanism of hard-core caused by microwave heating is discussed. According to the results of experiments, the hardness of the steamed breads increases with the increment of the power, the duration and the times of microwave heating. The cohesiveness of the steamed breads shows a trend, which drops at first, then increases, and decreases finally with the duration of microwave heating. According to the experiment data, a hard-core in a steamed-bread appears under the following conditions: when it is heated for 50s with the power of 900W when the overheating time is 20s, for 65s with the power of 720W when the overheating time is 25s, or for 80s with the power of 540W when the overheating time is 30s. Heated twice with the same heating time, the steamed bread begins to appear hard-core phenomenon under the following conditions: when it is heated for 55s with the power of 540W, for 40s with the power of 720W, or for 30s with the power of 900W.
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Lima, Rodrigo Quevedo de, Eimi Nascimento Pacheco, Luiz Henrique Santana de Araujo, Cassio Fernando Paganini, and Katsuki Arima Tiscoski. "PLASMOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA WITH MAMMARY MANIFESTATION: A CASE REPORT." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1085.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Plasmoblastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare entity of non-Hodking lymphoma that usually occurs in the oral cavity in immunosuppressed patients. The involvement of other organs has rarely been reported. The breast can be the site of the initial manifestation of many diseases and in cases like this report, lymphomas should be considered as differential diagnoses. Case report: D.S., female, 28 years old, quality reviewer, married, two children. Carrier of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with recent treatment. Intern for investigation of liver, duodenal and breast abnormalities. She had nodules in both breasts, with progressive growth for about two months, in addition she presente nausea, vomiting, episodes of diarrhea and weight loss. On physical examination of the breasts, presence of apparent vascularization and asymmetric breast – right breast about two times the size of the contralateral. On palpation, the right breast presented with multiple hard and mobile nodules in a single left nodulation in an inferolateral quadrant measuring about 4 cm, with the same characteristics as the previous ones. No axillary lymph node enlargement, supraclavicular or infraclavicular fossae were noticed. Core biopsy was performed on both breasts with the result of undifferentiated malignancy, with a diffuse standard and numerous foci of apoptosis (compatible with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma). In the immunohistochemical study, there was positivity for LCA, MUM 1, CD10, EMA, CMYC, CD30, CD3 and Ki-67 with a proliferative índex of 95% in neoplasia. Histopathological aspects and immunohistochemical profile were compatible with plasmoblastic lymphoma. During hospitalization, the patient underwent a myelogram that showed slightly hypercellular bone marrow, hematopoiesis was present and was megaloblastic. There was moderate diffuse and a focal irregular infiltration by pleomorphic and dysmorphic plasma cells, suggesting spinal cord involvement by plasmoblastic lymphoma. In addition, oncological PET/CT was performed which showed a metabolic increase in nodular formations in the right breast and thickening of gastroduodenal transition compatible with the clinical information of lymphoproliferative disease. The patient underwent six cycles of the EPOCH polychemotherapy scheme (etoposide, prednisone, oncovinm, cyclophosphamide and ydroxideunorubicin), associated with four cycles of methotrexate at high doses, with remission of breast lesions and is currently being followed up.
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Mitroff, Stephen, Emma Siritzky, Samoni Nag, et al. "The importance of assessing both expert and non-expert populations to inform expert performance." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001486.
Full textAbstract:
Realizing the benefits of research for human factors applications requires that academic theory and applied research in operational environments work in tandem, each informing the other. Mechanistic theories about cognitive processing gain insight from incorporating information from practical applications. Likewise, human factors implementations require an understanding of the underlying nature of the human operators that will be using those very implementations. This interplay holds great promise, but is too often thwarted by information from one side not flowing to the other. On one hand, basic researchers are often reluctant to accept research findings from complex environments and a relatively small number of highly-specialized participants. On the other hand, industry decision makers are often reluctant to believe results from simplified testing environments using non-expert research participants. The argument put forward here is that both types of data are fundamentally important, and explicit efforts should bring them together into unified and integrated research programs. Moreover, effectively understanding expert performance requires assessing non-expert populations.For many fields, it is critically important to understand how operators (e.g., radiologists, aviation security officers, military personnel) perform in their professional setting. Extensive research has explored a breadth of factors that can improve, or hinder, operators’ success, however, the vast majority of these research endeavors hit the same roadblock—it is practically difficult to test specialized operators. They can be hard to gain access to, have limited availability, and sometimes there just are not enough of them to conduct the needed research. Therefore, non-expert populations can provide a much-needed resource. Specifically, it can be highly useful to create a closed-loop ecosystem wherein an idea rooted in an applied realm (e.g., radiologists are more likely to miss an abnormality if they just found another abnormality) is explored with non-experts (e.g., undergraduate students) to affordably and extensively explore a number of theoretical and mechanistic possibilities. Then, the most promising candidate outcomes can be brought back to the expert population for further testing. With such a process, researchers can explore possible ideas with the more accessible population and then only use the specialized population with vetted research paradigms and questions.While such closed-looped research practices offer a way to best use available resources, the argument here is also that it is necessary to assess non-experts to fully understand expert performance. That is, even if researchers have full access to a large number of experts, they still need to test non-experts. Specifically, assessing non-experts allows for quantifying fundamentally important factors, such as strategic vs. perceptual drivers of performance and the time course of learning. Many of the potential gains in the applied sphere come from selecting the best people to train into becoming experts; without non-expert performance it is impossible to know how to enact that selection or to divorce the effects of extensive practice and expertise from the operational environment. While there has been an, at times, adversarial relationship between research practices that use non-expert vs. expert participants, the proposal here is that embracing both is vital for fully understanding the nature of expert performance.
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Reis, Yedda Nunes, Bruna Salani Mota, Carlos Shimizu, et al. "BACKGROUND PARENCHYMAL ENHANCEMENT IN MRI EXAMINATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MAMMOGRAPHIC BREAST DENSITY AND CLINICAL AND TUMORAL CHARACTERISTICS." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2060.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and mammographic breast density (MBD) and also the association of BPE with clinical and tumoral characteristics. Methodology: The post hoc analysis from a prospective database (BREASTMRI trial) was performed. Patients with breast cancer stages 0 to III for breast-conserving surgery, from November 2014 to October 2018, were selected. All patients were evaluated with triple assessment and stratified by MBD. Then, they were randomized on a 1:1 basis in two groups whether to perform breast MRI. BPE was classified into four categories according to the ACR BI-RADS MRI (minimal, mild, moderate, and marked). The MBD was also classified according to the ACR BI-RADS (A, B, C, and D). Results: A total of 217 patients were included. The mean age was 57.4 years (33.7–81.7, SD 10.8). Of these, 25 (11.5%) patients had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 192 (88.5%) had invasive breast cancer. The MBD classification was 12 (5.5%) for A, 93 (42.9%) for B, 99 (45.6%) for C, and 13 (6%) for D. The BPE classification was 105 (48.4%) minimum, 78 (35.9%) mild, 29 (13.4%) moderate, and 5 (2.3%) marked. Both MBD and BPE were similar in 63 (29%) of 217 patients and differed in 154 (71%) of 217 patients. There is no correlation between MBD and BPE (Spearman’s rank of 0.240, p<0.001). Minimum/mild BPE breasts were more frequent in postmenopausal women (p=0.01). B3 lesions were identified significantly higher in moderate/marked BPE breasts (p=0.04). The median lesion size in breast MRI for minimum/mild BPE breasts was 2.2 cm, and the pathological median size was 2.0 cm (p=0.001, 95%CI). Conclusion: The background parenchymal enhancement does not correlate with MBD.
Reports on the topic "Hand breadth"
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Dukarski, Jennifer. Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Data in Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared Vehicles. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021019.
Full textAbstract:
Modern automobiles collect around 25 gigabytes of data per hour and autonomous vehicles are expected to generate more than 100 times that number. In comparison, the Apollo Guidance Computer assisting in the moon launches had only a 32-kilobtye hard disk. Without question, the breadth of in-vehicle data has opened new possibilities and challenges. The potential for accessing this data has led many entrepreneurs to claim that data is more valuable than even the vehicle itself. These intrepid data-miners seek to explore business opportunities in predictive maintenance, pay-as-you-drive features, and infrastructure services. Yet, the use of data comes with inherent challenges: accessibility, ownership, security, and privacy. Unsettled Legal Issues Facing Data in Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared Vehicles examines some of the pressing questions on the minds of both industry and consumers. Who owns the data and how can it be used? What are the regulatory regimes that impact vehicular data use? Is the US close to harmonizing with other nations in the automotive data privacy? And will the risks of hackers lead to the “zombie car apocalypse” or to another avenue for ransomware? This report explores a number of these legal challenges and the unsettled aspects that arise in the world of automotive data
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Tangka, Florence K. L., Sujha Subramanian, Madeleine Jones, et al. Young Breast Cancer Survivors: Employment Experience and Financial Well-Being. RTI Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0041.2007.
Full textAbstract:
The economic burden of breast cancer for women under 50 in the United States remains largely unexplored, in part because young women make up a small proportion of breast cancer cases overall. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a web-based survey to compare data from breast cancer survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis and 40–49 years of age at first diagnosis. We administered a survey to a national convenience sample of 416 women who were 18–49 years of age at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis. We analyzed factors associated with financial decline using multivariate regression. Survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis were more likely to report Stage II–IV breast cancer (P<0.01). They also quit their jobs more often (14.6%) than older survivors (4.4%; P<0.01) and faced more job performance issues (55.7% and 42.8%, respectively; P=0.02). For respondents in both groups, financial decline was more likely if the survivor had at least one comorbid condition (odds ratios: 2.36–3.21) or was diagnosed at Stage II–IV breast cancer (odds ratios: 2.04–3.51).
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Qin, Ling, Qiyu Liu, Hui Wang, and Lipeng Sun. Accuracy of ultrasound in distinguishing pathology of malignant thyroid diseases: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0072.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in distinguishing pathology of malignant thyroid diseases. Eligibility criteria: Type of study. This study will only include high quality clinical cohort or case control studies. Type of patients. The patients should be those who had undergone breast diseases. Intervention and comparison. This study compares AI with pathology for diagnosing breast diseases. Type of outcomes. The primary outcomes include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic.
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Boulin, Tiphaine, Isla Whitcroft, and Hannah Moody. HRT, menopause and breast cancer. Breast Cancer UK, 2024. https://doi.org/10.71450/45513910.
Full textAbstract:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to manage the symptoms of menopause. It has been associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer; however, this risk varies according to the type of HRT and duration of use. Evidence suggests that oestrogen-only HRT has little to no increased risk of breast cancer; however, it is generally only prescribed to people who have had a hysterectomy as it carries an increased risk of uterine cancer. Combined HRT is associated with a duration-dependent increase in breast cancer risk when used over five years. This increase in risk then reduces after combined HRT treatment is stopped, but some risk remains if used for over 10 years. To date, HRT is considered the most effective approach for managing menopausal symptoms. The decision on whether to take HRT should be an individual choice, made in consultation with a specialist healthcare practitioner based on personal symptoms, risks, benefits, treatment suitability and duration.
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Price, Roz. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) – What are They and What are the Barriers and Enablers to Their Use? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.098.
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This rapid review examines literature around Nature-based Solutions (NbS), what are NbS, the pros and cons of NbS, design and implementation issues (including governance, indigenous knowledge), finance and the enabling environment. The breadth of NbS and the evidence base means that this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the information available, and therefore does not consider all types of NbS, nor all sectors that they have been used in. Considering this limited scope, this report highlights many issues, some of which are that Covid-19 has highlighted the importance of NbS, Pros of NbS include the low cost compared to infrastructure alternatives; the flexibility in addressing multiple climate challenges; potential co-benefits such as better water quality, improved health, cultural benefits, biodiversity conservation. The literature also notes the cons of NbS including slow adaptation or co-benefits, very context specific making effectiveness difficult to measure and many of the benefits are non-monetary and hard to measure. The literature consulted suggest a number of knowledge gaps in the evidence base for NbS effectiveness including lack of: robust and impartial assessments of current NbS experiences; site specific knowledge of field deployment of NbS; timescales over which benefits are seen and experienced; cost-effectiveness of interventions compared to or in conjunction with alternative solutions; and integrated assessments considering broader social and ecological outcomes
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Deng, Chun, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhi Guo, et al. Assessment of intraoperative use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging on the number of lymph node dissection during minimally invasive gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0062.
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Review question / Objective: Whether is indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided lymphadenectomy feasible to improve the number of lymph node dissections during radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative resection? Condition being studied: Gastric cancer was the sixth most common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Radical lymphadenectomy was a standard procedure in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The retrieval of more lymph nodes was beneficial for improving the accuracy of tumor staging and the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer. Indocyanine green(ICG) near-infrared fluorescent imaging has been found to provide surgeons with effective visualization of the lymphatic anatomy. As a new surgical navigation technique, ICG near-infrared fluorescent imaging was a hot spot and had already demonstrated promising results in the localization of lymph nodes during surgery in patients with breast cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer. In addition, ICG had increasingly been reported in the localization of tumor, lymph node dissection, and the evaluation of anastomotic blood supply during radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, it remained unclear whether ICG fluorescence imaging would assist surgeons in performing safe and sufficient lymphadenectomy.
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Risk Assessment, FSA Regulated Products. Safety Assessment: Outcome of the assessment of 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) as a novel food. Food Standards Agency, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.crr177.
Full textAbstract:
The novel food is 3-FL which is intended to be used as a source of human identical milk oligosaccharides. 3-FL is manufactured by microbial fermentation using a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12, and then refined to yield the purified novel food. This new application is seeking to use the novel food within the food following categories: dairy products and analogues, bakery wares, foods for special groups, beverages, and also as a food supplement. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added 3-FL or breast milk are consumed the same day. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, 3-FL, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous and does not mislead consumers. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in the regulatory assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.
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Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303291.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks? natural vegetation. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Canaveral National Seashore (CANA). Fourteen vegetation plots were established throughout the park in April. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Canaveral National Seashore in 2022. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 176 vascular plant taxa were observed across 14 vegetation plots, including seven species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), dune greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), Elliott?s milkpea (Galactia elliottii), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), Chapman oak (Quercus chapmanii), and southern evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites). Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), saw palmetto, cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), dune greenbrier, and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Four non-native species categorized as invasive by the Florida Invasive Species Council (FISC 2019) were encountered within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. These included Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), common lantana (Lantana strigocamara), and caesarweed (Urena lobata). There were no invasive species observed in Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland plots. Two species listed as Endangered by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were encountered on the park during this monitoring effort and included hand fern (Cheiroglossa palmata) and Atlantic Coast Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var. floridana). Hand fern was observed in 30%of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots, while lantana was observed in one (10%) of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. An additional five vascular species categorized as Commercially Exploited by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were also observed in these vegetation plots. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) or South Florida slash pine (Pinus densa) and sand live oak (Quercus geminata) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands within the park; cabbage palmetto and live oak were the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands, although 11 other species large enough to be measured as trees (i.e., more than 1.37 meters (4.5 ft) in height and greater than or equal to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) in diameter at breast height (DBH) were also present within these plots. Based on these baseline findings, the most immediate threat to vegetation resources within Upland Open Woodlands of Canaveral National Seashore is related to exclusion of fire and an altered natural fire regime. These factors have likely led to a reduction of canopy species (pines) across all woody stem strata?tree, sapling, seedling?and an increase in abundance of woody shrub species (e.g., saw palmetto). These characteristics (low canopy species density and high woody shrub abundance) were observed in monitoring plots of this habitat type. The most immediate threat to Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat within the park is from potential expansion of non-native, invasive plant species, like Brazilian peppertree and cogongrass. All plots are scheduled to be resampled during the summer of 2026.
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Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, et al. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.
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Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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Risk Assessment, FSA Regulated Products. Safety Assessment: Outcome of the assessment of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-l) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a novel food. Food Standards Agency, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cmi652.
Full textAbstract:
An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in March 2021 from Glycom A/S, Denmark (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of a mixture of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-l) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a novel food. The novel food is a mixture of LNFP-l and 2'-FL which is intended to be used as a source of human identical milk oligosaccharides. LNFP-l/2'-FL is manufactured by microbial fermentation using a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12, and then refined to yield the purified novel food. This new application is seeking to use the novel food within the following food categories: dairy products and analogues, bakery wares, foods for special groups, beverages, and also as a food supplement. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added LNFP-l/2’-FL or breast milk are consumed the same day. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. The Committee concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, LNFP-l/2’-FL, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous and does not mislead consumers. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in this safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS on LNFP-l/2’-FL.