Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hand-portable'

The aim of the project was to investigate the acoustics of hand portable radios identifying key parameters contributing to their performance and from these findings develop a design guide. A systems engineering approach was taken with the project focus on internal and external acoustic and vibration interactions. The internal interactions investigated were between electrical and mechanical systems while the external interactions included the influence of the user and environment on the radio performance. The interactions provided quantitative verification of the Orca's perceived poor audio performance and enabled a design guide to be developed to prevent the issues from recurring. A significant proportion of the work was experimentally based and provides methodology to aid future analysis of other products. Commercially available software, LMS SYSNOISE, was utilised to implement a vibro-acoustic finite and boundary element model of the radio. The results were verified against experimental measurements. It was found that SYSNOISE was suitable as a design tool for predicting modes and trends but was unsuccessful at predicting the magnitude of acoustic radiation. The reason for this was attributed to difficulties in modelling damping. The design guide contains a design procedure and recommendations for acoustic information management. To realise the full benefit of acoustic analysis procedures need to be implemented to incorporate the information into mechanical design, electrical design and also sales and marketing.

This dissertation focuses on the development of hand-portable capillary liquid chromatography (LC) instrumentation. In this work, battery-operable nano-flow pumping systems (isocratic and gradient) were developed and integrated with portable UV-absorption detectors for capillary LC. The systems were reduced in size to acceptable weights and power usage for field operation. A major advantage of the pumps is that they do not employ a splitter, since they were specifically designed for capillary column use, thereby greatly reducing solvent consumption and waste generation. UV-absorption detectors were specifically designed and optimized for on-column detection to minimize extra-column band broadening. Initially, an isocratic nano-flow pumping system with a stop-flow injector was integrated with an on-column UV-absorption detector (254 nm). The pumping system gave excellent flow rate accuracy (<99.94%) and low percent injection carry-over (RSD 0.31%) suitable for quantitative analysis. Using sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, the detector gave an LOD (S/N = 3) of 0.13 µM, which was 12 times lower than a commercial UV-absorption detector. Reversed-phase separations of a homologous series of alkyl benzenes was demonstrated. Further miniaturization of UV-absorption detection was accomplished using a 260 nm deep UV LED. The detector was small in size and weighed only 85 g (without electronics). No optical reference was included due to the low drift in the signal. Two ball lenses, one of which was integrated with the LED, were used to increase light throughput through the capillary column. Stray light was minimized by the use of a band-pass filter and an adjustable slit. Signals down to the ppb level (nM) were easily detected with a short-term noise level of 4.4 µAU, confirming a low limit of detection and low noise. The detection limit for adenosine-5'-monophosphate was 230 times lower than any previously reported values. Isocratic separations of phenolic compounds were performed using a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monolithic capillary column. Finally, a novel nano-flow gradient generator integrated with a stop-flow injector was developed. Gradient performance was found to be excellent for gradient step accuracy (RSD < 1.2%, n = 4) and linear gradient reproducibility (RSD < 1.42%, n = 4). Separations of five phenols were demonstrated using the nano-flow gradient system. Efforts to develop a 405 nm laser diode-based UV-absorption detector for hemoglobin analysis were described.

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, September 2007 [first author]; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2006 [second author].
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71).
A portable hand powered water sterilization device was created to address a portion of the growing epidemic of global water contamination. As being more supply chain independent and having an active dose sensing component that monitors the water to insure sterilization, our device boasts far more than any current off-the-shelf devices. The device is completely hand powered via a hand crank generator. A spermicidal ultraviolet light bulb, rated at 253.7nm (UV-C), was integrated with a common NalgeneTM water bottle. Along with the bulb, UV. dose sensing electronics and a hand crank generator were incorporated as well, with the generator supplying power to both the bulb and the photodiode circuitry. Results show that eradication of common waterborne bacteria, protozoa, and viruses occurs after cranking the generator for approximately 41 seconds in clear water and up to 65 seconds in turbid water. The total weight added to the water bottle was less than a pound.
by Chandan Das and Justin Holland.
S.B.

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability with 70 to 85% of initial strokes resulting in hemiparesis. Physical imparity as a result of stroke tends to be severe and majority of impairments are upper limb-related. Impairment is usually accompanied by long term functional loss which requires dedicated post-stroke rehabilitation to regain motor function. The incidence of stroke is increasing rapidly while there remains a shortage of therapists to provide sufficient rehabilitation. There is therefore a high demand for therapists to attend to the rising number of stroke survivors. Robot-aided therapy has emerged as a beneficial tool for providing continuous rehabilitation of the upper limb and is widely being implemented. With this technology, there is great potential to reduce the ill-effects brought about by the low therapist-patient ratio which has hindered sufficient rehabilitation and consequently the effective recovery of motor function among stroke survivors. Hypothesis: The use of a portable robotic rehabilitation system, as a complementary tool, in hand therapy, would promote continuous rehabilitation by encouraging repetition of task oriented exercises which would enhance motor function of an impaired hand. Task-oriented writing practice would potentially improve hand coordination and result in better accuracy while repetitive training would potentially increase hand motor strength. Objectives: 1.To design and manufacture a portable robotic rehabilitation system. 2. To test the performance and usability of the system. Methods: The system was manufactured and its performance tested in a pilot pre-clinical trial involving three participants. The system's ease of use was assessed using a standardised usability scale. Writing accuracy and hand motor strength were also assessed and the results analysed at the end of the study. Results: The average overall score of usability for the rehabilitation system was a few points higher than the average score. The users of the system also experienced increased motivation whilst performing the repetitive and task oriented exercises. There was an improvement in the completion time of the writing accuracy test and the tasks of the trace sample test. The variation in grip strength of the non-dominant hand during the rehabilitation period was small for each of the participants. Conclusion: The rehabilitation system motivated its users to repetitively perform rehabilitative training which may have improved writing accuracy.

Wearable assistive robotics have the potential to address an unmet medical need of reducing disability in individuals with chronic hand impairments due to neurological trauma. Despite myriad prior works, few patients have seen the benefits of such devices. Following application experience with tendon-actuated soft robotic gloves and a collaborator's orthosis with novel flat-spring actuators, we identified two common assumptions regarding hand orthosis design. The first was reliance on incomplete studies of grasping forces during activities of daily living as a basis for design criteria, leading to poor optimization. The second was a neglect of increases in muscle tone following neurological trauma, rendering most devices non-applicable to a large subset of the population. To address these gaps, we measured joint torques during activities of daily living with able-bodied subjects using dexterity representative of orthosis-aided motion. Next, we measured assistive torques needed to extend the fingers of individuals with increased flexor tone following TBI. Finally, we applied this knowledge to design a cable actuated orthosis for assisting finger extension, providing a basis for future work focused on an under-represented subgroup of patients.

Eight small-scale breath alcohol measurement devices were tested for accuracy, precision and the ability to not yield false positive and false negative readings. These pocket-sized breath testers (PMBTs), which provided numerical readout of BrAC to the 100th of a percent, were smaller than evidential and preliminary breath test instruments (EBTs and PBTs). The smallest devices were approximately the same size of a cigarette lighter. Designed to provide drinkers feedback about their individual alcohol levels, the PMBTs ranged in price from $40-100 USD. The devices were first tested under laboratory conditions with alcohol solution simulators providing the alcoholic samples. They were then tested with human drinkers, under controlled field conditions. Each device was tested at multiple alcohol levels. Two of the eight PMBTs failed to complete all levels of testing and were excluded from the study. All PMBTs demonstrated the ability to not yield false positive and false negative readings. No device met NHTSA performance criteria for accuracy (systematic error) in testing EBTs at every alcohol level tested. An interaction between PMBTs and the alcohol test levels was found. Thus, accuracy was found to be dependent upon the alcohol level at which the devices were tested. No device met NHTSA performance criteria for precision in testing EBTs at every alcohol level tested. Precision varied depending on the testing condition. There was less precision under controlled field conditions than under laboratory conditions. Five of the six PMBTs that completed the testing overestimated BrAC; only one device read below actual BrAC. Ramifications of the findings are discussed, regarding the overestimation and underestimation of BrAC and the possibility of manufacturers intentionally calibrating the devices to overestimate BrAC. Potential PMBT users are discussed and areas for future research are addressed.

Depuis son émergence, la médecine nucléaire ne cesse d’évoluer. A la fois diagnostique et thérapeutique, elle occupe une place importante dans la stratégie médicale moderne. L’imagerie nucléaire consiste après injection au patient d’un radiotraceur, à détecter le rayonnement émis. Elle donne accès quantitativement à la fonctionnalité des organes ou à la localisation de structures cibles telles que des lésions tumorales. Cette imagerie a naturellement intégré les procédures chirurgicales en particulier en cancérologie (en pré et per opératoire). On parle de chirurgie radioguidée. Cette dernière permet de localiser lors du geste chirurgical les structures radiomarquées devant être retirées.Les avancées technologiques au niveau des radiopharmaceutiques et en instrumentation sont à l’origine de nouvelles stratégies de radioguidages pouvant cibler de petites structures. L’imagerie par rayonnement gamma reste la plus répandue et la mieux adaptée. On assiste au développement de dispositifs d’imagerie gamma portables miniaturisés permettant un contrôle visuel en per opératoire. Ces dispositifs sont prometteurs mais doivent être évalués.Un état des lieux des différentes procédures en chirurgie radioguidée et des imageurs utilisés en clinique est réalisé dans cette thèse.Le laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (UMR 8165) développe de longue date de nouvelles approches de détection miniaturisée pour les différents types de rayonnement. Parmi celles-ci le prototype de deuxième génération appelé TReCam.Cette mini gamma caméra présente un champ de vue de 4,9 x 4,9 cm2 et intègre des technologies d’imagerie directement issues de la physique des particules. Elle est formée d’un collimateur à trous parallèles, d’un scintillateur continu LaBr3 (Ce) lu par un photomultiplicateur multi-anode et son électronique. Le système d’acquisition donne au chirurgien un affichage en temps réel de l’image radioactive.Ce travail de thèse a consisté également à évaluer la place des imageurs portables en chirurgie radioguidée, en particulier mammaire, à travers l’évaluation de la procédure SNOLL (repérage par marquage ɣ de la tumeur (T) et des ganglions sentinelles (GS)) avec TreCam. Il a reposé sur trois parties.Un premier volet a visé l’optimisation des performances de TReCam pour favoriser la localisation de structures peu radioactives dans des temps d’exposition de l’ordre de la dizaine de secondes. Pour ce faire, différentes stratégies d’optimisation des performances ont été mises en place au niveau du collimateur, de l’électronique et des algorithmes de traitement (dont réseaux de neurones) pour améliorer l’homogénéité de la détection.Le deuxième volet visait à objectiver les performances cliniques de TReCam pour la procédure SNOLL et situer les limites de son exploitation. A l’aide de simulations menées sur la plateforme GATE et modélisant la scène opératoire au plus près de la réalité clinique, nous avons montré que TreCam peut détecter des GS jusqu’à 4,5 cm de profondeur et situé à 4 cm de la T. L’impact du temps de pose n’est pas important. Par contre, le choix de la bonne fenêtre en énergie est primordial.Enfin, le troisième volet concrétise l’ambition interdisciplinaire de cette thèse. Il est consacré à l’évaluation clinique de TReCam à travers l’étude de son apport à la procédure SNOLL mammaire. Cette étude prospective interventionnelle incluant de 47 patientes (22 procédures SNOLL utilisant TReCam aux différents temps de la procédure et 25 procédures SNOLL standard). Les résultats ont montré un intérêt qualitatif à l’utilisation de TReCam en apportant un confort visuel lors de la procédure en complément de la sonde monopixel.Ce travail a montré l’intérêt de tels imageurs en chirurgie radioguidée mais aussi situé leurs limites actuelles. Des efforts de développement doivent être poursuivis tant au niveau des détecteurs qu’au niveau des radiopharmaceutiques utilisés pour le repérage
Since its emergence in the middle of the twentieth century, nuclear medicine continues to evolve. At the same time diagnostic and therapeutic, it occupies an increasingly important place in the modern medical strategy. Nuclear imaging consists of injecting the patient with a radio-tracer to detect the radiation emitted. It provides quantitative access to the functionality of organs or the location of target structures such as tumor lesions. This imaging has been naturally integrated into surgical procedures, particularly in oncology (preoperatively and then intraoperatively). It is called radio-guided surgery. It makes possible to locate the radioactive target which will be removed during surgery.Technological advances in radiopharmaceutical instrumentation are driving new strategies that can target small structures. Gamma-ray imaging remains the most widespread and the most suitable. We are witnessing the development of miniaturized portable gamma imaging devices that allow visual control during surgery. These devices are promising but need to be evaluated.A short state-of-the-art of the various procedures in radioguided surgery and imagers used clinically is carried out in this thesis.For many years, the Imaging and Modeling in Neurobiology and Oncology Laboratory (UMR 8165) has been developing new miniaturized detection approaches for different types of radiation. Among them is the second-generation prototype called TReCam.This mini gamma camera has a field of view of 4.9 x 4.9 cm2 and integrates imaging technologies directly from particle physics. It consists of a collimator with parallel holes, a continuous scintillator LaBr3 (Ce) read by a multi-anode photomultiplier (PSPMT) and its electronics. The acquisition system gives the surgeon a real-time display of the radioactive image.This thesis work also consisted in evaluating the place of portable imagers in radioguided surgery, in particular mammary surgery, through the evaluation of the SNOLL procedure (identification of the tumor (T) and the sentinel lymph nodes (GS) by γ-labeling) with TreCam. It is based on three parts.The first part aimed at optimizing the performance of TReCam to improve the localization of lowradioactive structures with exposure times of around 10 seconds. To do this, different performance optimization strategies have been implemented in the collimator, electronics and processing algorithms (including neural networks) to improve the homogeneity of the detection. These performances were compared to those of a prototype developed at IMNC and integrating a new generation of photodetectors: the SiPM.The second part aimed to objectify the clinical performance of TReCam in the SNOLL procedure and to situate the limits of its exploitation. Using simulations conducted on the GATE platform and modeling the operating scene closer to clinical reality, we have shown that TreCam can detect GS up to 4.5 cm deep and located 4 cm from the T. Impact of the exposure time is not important. On the other hand, choosing the right energy window is essential.Finally, the third part concretizes the interdisciplinary ambition of this thesis. It is devoted to clinical evaluation of TReCam through the study of its contribution to the SNOLL breast procedure. This prospective interventional study included 47 patients (22 SNOLL procedures using TReCam at different times of the procedure and 25 standard SNOLL procedures). The results showed a qualitative interest in the use of TReCam by bringing a visual comfort during the procedure and must be used in addition to the monopixel probes.This work has shown the interest of such imagers in radioguided surgery but also set their current limits. Development efforts must be pursued at the level of both detectors and radiopharmaceuticals used for tracking

Portable, handheld, and wearable devices are an integrate part of everyday life, yet there is no well-established text inputmethod for devices with very small screens. Speech to text has been a quick fix, but entails privacy concerns and can beobtrusive. Chord keyboards bring various advantages for application in a mobile environment, as they require fewer keys andcan thus be small and portable. The aim of this work is to suggest an alternative to the QWERTY keyboard, suitable for textentry on devices of all sizes, shapes and mobility requirements. A one hand operational chord keyboard was developed andevaluated in a small user study with regard to its social acceptability. Learnability showed to be a concern that discouragesuse, while social aspects did not seem to be an issue.

The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours). The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours). The aim of this multidisciplinary research was to retrospectively analyse the gastroenteritis prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The first focus was to assess whether earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis agents spatially explained the recorded gastroenteritis cases over the period of 35 days following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The gastroenteritis agents considered in this study were Escherichia coli found in the drinking water supply (MPN/100mL) and Non-Compliant Free Associated Chlorine (FAC-NC) (less than <0.02mg/L). The second focus was the protocols that averted a gastroenteritis outbreak at three Emergency Centres (ECs): Burnside High School Emergency Centre (BEC); Cowles Stadium Emergency Centre (CEC); and Linwood High School Emergency Centre (LEC). Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach. Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC. Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols and indirect themes included type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss. This research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. A damage profile was created by amalgamating different types of damage for the considered factors for each Census Area Unit (CAU) in Christchurch. The damage profile enabled the application of a variety of statistical methods which included Moran’s I , Hot Spot (HS) analysis, Spearman’s Rho, and Besag–York–Mollié Model using a range of software. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach. Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC. Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. The ECs were selected to represent the Christchurch area, and were situated where potential for gastroenteritis was high. BEC represented the western side of Christchurch; whilst, CEC and LEC represented the eastern side, where the potential for gastroenteritis was high according to the outputs of the quantitative spatial modelling. Qualitative analysis from the interviews at the ECs revealed that evacuees were arriving at the ECs with gastroenteritis-like symptoms. Participants believed that those symptoms did not originate at the ECs. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols that included prolific use of hand sanitisers; surveillance; and the services offered. Indirect themes included the EC layout, type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. Indirect themes governed the quality and sustainability of the direct themes implemented, which in turn averted gastroenteritis outbreaks at the ECs. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss. It was concluded that gastroenteritis point prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake could not be solely explained by earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis causative agents alone. However, this research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Creating a damage profile for each CAU and using spatial data analysis can isolate vulnerable areas, and qualitative data analysis provides localised information. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally.

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
93
The main purpose of this thesis is the design of a low cost hand gesture system to allow users control over any given hardware through simple commands without the need of any additional input devices. The system is capable of recognizing gestures made by the user using the back of their left hand, currently supported gestures are numerals 0 through 9. The system can be used in a wide range of applications such as interactive games, television channel selectors and simple control over electrical home appliances. The methods available to the field of pattern recognition are numerous, there are many different ways of handling the initial sampling and the following classification stages. However, the range of methods shrinks considerably under the constraints of low cost hardware and real-time recognition. The hand gesture recognition system we propose here can be divided into four stages. First is setting up the operating mode of the image sensor (the relevant settings are saved into EEPROM and are written into the sensor on boot-up). Secondly these settings are used to generate a binary image from the raw image sensor data, using YUV thresholds to discriminate between skin and background colors. Now several properties of hand gestures are used to find the center and size of the palm, after which the hand image is normalized into a 16 by 8 grid. Finally, after making some last corrections to the grid data, it is send into a fuzzy logic system that determines the type of hand gesture made. The results are shown to the user on a seven segment display.

碩士
國立交通大學
光電工程研究所
102
In recent years, the technologies of the X-ray are widely used in the medical treatment. When the patients get hurt in the bodies, the X-ray is helpful to diagnose; however, overdoses of the X-ray may cause unexpected damages to patients. In prediction X-ray system, the information of the patients including the thickness, tissue, skeleton will be sent into the cloud to find out the matching dosage of the X-ray to reduce the risks. In this thesis, the hand postures are focused on, because the postures are varied with the joints. Additionally, the thickness of each hand posture also influences the dosage of the X-ray; hence, the objective of this thesis is to find out the matching X-ray images in the database with the patients’ hands. To match the hands well, the size of the palm is used to adjust the size of the hand in the proposed algorithms to further determine the correct X-ray dosages. When the RGB images are changed into the X-ray images in the database, the accuracy of the traditional methods like HU moment and principle component analysis (PCA) decreases because the skeletons distort the shapes and contours of the hands. Therefore, we proposed a new algorithm, by including more features, such as area, length, and angle to recognize the similar gestures and maintain the accuracy when the database is changed to X-ray.

碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
101
This thesis presents a portable inertial-sensing-based digital pen with a dynamic time warping (DTW)-based recognition algorithm for hand movement and signature recognition. The portable digital pen device is composed of a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial magnetometer, a microcontroller, and an RF wireless transmission module. Users can utilize this digital pen to write numerals or English lowercase letters, make hand gestures, or generate signatures at normal speed without any space limitation. The proposed DTW-based hand movement recognition algorithm consists of the zero velocity compensation (ZVC) method and a quaternion-based nonlinear complementary filter to reduce the integral errors caused by the intrinsic noise/drift of the accelerometer and gyroscope. In addition, the equal error rate (EER) is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed signature recognition schemes. Furthermore, we have developed a minimal intra-class to maximal inter-class based template selection method (Min-Max template selection method) for DTW recognizer to obtain a superior class separation for better recognition. Finally, the experimental results have successfully validated the effectiveness of the proposed inertial-sensor-based portable hand movement and signature recognition system.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學系
90
The PACS plays a very important role in medical diagnosis in recent years. More and more hospitals use PACS instead of traditional X-ray films. Some hospitals also integrate their HIS-RIS with PACS to become an integrated diagnosis information system. Using such a system can not only guarantee quality of the medical images but also effectively reduce the space needed to store the medical images. Furthermore, hospitals will become more efficient because the integration of these information systems. Although using PACS will take hospitals so many advantages, there are still some problems during ward round. Because it is impossible placing PACS terminals in each sickroom, doctors need to take hundreds of X-ray films during ward round. In order to resolve the problem, we develope a portable PACS terminal system using high resolution tablet PC to display medical images from the PACS via wireless network communication. Besides, we provide some image display functions like window/level setting, zoom and window fitting, rotating, measurement and annotation to assist doctors in making diagnosis. With this system doctors can take a tablet PC instead of numerous X-ray films and increase efficiency and quality of ward round.