Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Handicap – Anthropologie'
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Blaise, Jean-Luc. "Liminarité et limbes sociaux : une approche anthropologique du handicap." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070008.
Full textWhat has guided this research work rests on the conceptions of the American anthropologist Robert F. Murphy. For him the disabled are confined within a social limbo. With reference to Van Gennep, the author of the present thesis calls liminality such an in-between place. He intends to delineate its many-sided expression and consequences. Chapter 1 introduces the theories and the concepts thanks to which the specificity of disability can be determined. It develops the apports of the symbolic interactionism of Goffman and Becker. Thus emerges the fact that the disabled are rendered deviant-like, when referring to common norms. It also points out the elements that build up their stigmatized identity. The chapter closes on an anlaysis of Murphy's book : its matter differenciates it from the preceding approach and this constitutes the clew of this thesis. Chapter 2 delimits the symbolic space that surrounds the disabled. Starting from the etymological meaning of the concept, the author calls up theological debates and reflections, as well as literary and philosophical works. Indeed one has to define certain characteristics of this twilight zone represented by the limbo. Stemming from it such liminality constitutes a laicized category and characterizes the way the disabled are living. Chapter 3 deals with the rites, proceedings and places, which build such liminality. .
Boutet, Orphé. "Pour une socio-anthropologie du handicap au Gabon : Mobilisations, représentations et identités collectives des personnes handicapées physiques à Libreville." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL037.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse how disabled people living in Libreville define, organise and structure their demands for reform. One of the most visible and meaningful ways in which they show their discontent, is in the squatting of public buildings. Inhabiting a squat is a way of demanding the right to housing and the right to accessibility to housing. It is important to speak beforehand of the social customs in relation to handicap in the Gabon. First of all, I explored the anthropological and sociolinguistic aspects of the human body in general. In other words, I analysed the way the human body is represented from a sociolinguistic point of view and the social practices which result. It appears that the body is seen as a global entity, whole and unbreakable. Thereby, it epitomises a person (identity, mental health, the amount of money a person has ,the work they do,their love life , failure or succes at school, etc. ). Subsequently, I explored the way in which different types of handicap are discussed in certain local languages of the Gabon, paying particular attention to their symbolic meanings. These practises and meanings give rise to a liminality that is as much symbolic as it is empirical, I also analysed the way in which physical handicap can be interpreted in different ways ; how the causes of disability are explained. We can draw the conclusion that if in other parts of the world and different cultures, handicap is seen to be a form of punishment or a divine curse, in the Gabon, it is seen to be caused by witchcraft, and this interpretation is born out of human jealousy and nastiness. These suspicions and accusations of witchcraft cause terrible tensions within families, even causing divorce or leading to children being separated from their parents, Physical handicap results in social handicap,and directly influences the way a person lives his or her life
Winance, Myriam. "Thèse et prothèse : le processus d'habilitation comme fabrication de la personne : l'association Française contre les Myopathies faces au handicap." Paris, ENMP, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089008.
Full textThe French Muscular Dystrophy Association (AFM) gathers together families whose one member is touched by a neuromuscular disease. This Association supports scientific research and helps families in their daily life. In my dissertation, I focus on the second aspect. I analyse the way the AFM faces disability and its action to include disabled people in the city. I describe three dispositives used to include disabled people into the city: the technical dispositive (wheelchair), the discursive one (theoretical model about disability, the journal of the AFM) and the institutional one (traditional institution, rehabilitation centre, adapted apartments). I show how through a long adjustment to those dispositives, the person is made up and gets new abilities. I call this process the "habilitation". When the dispositive becomes what makes the person, it becomes a prosthesis. Describing this process, I describe both the history of the AFM (the dissertation contributes to the sociology of associations and social movements) and the journey of the disabled persons (the dissertation used the contribution of the anthropology of the body, the sociology of medicine and the sociology of disability). The dissertation has three aims. First, I develop a sociology of disability in answering to the question : how to include disabled people in the city and how to make possible the life together ? Second, I develop a general sociology in asking the question : what is the person ? My argument is that the person does not exist by itself but is made up through the links, the adjustment, with some equipment which become prosthesis. Finally, I build a methodological and political reflection. The researcher has to find the equipment s/he needs to legitimate his/her research and to make it useful for the ones s/he has worked with. The journey I describe is not only the one of the AFM and the one of the disabled people but also mine own, the journey of my own "habilitation"
Groud, Paul-Fabien. "De l'irréversibilité au devenir : diversité des expériences corporelles, prothétiques et du handicap des personnes amputées des membres inférieurs en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2046.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the bodily, prosthetic and disability experiences of lower-limb amputees in France. Building on the methodological tools of anthropology (observations, interviews and contributions from audiovisual anthropology), this research is structured around three ethnographic fieldworks carried out at the Institute of Rehabilitation of the Grenoble University Hospital (CHU), at the Chabloz Orthopaedics company, and at the Association for Advocacy and Study of Amputees (ADEPA). Using a longitudinal approach, it analyses these post-amputation experiences through three temporalities of the life trajectory of amputees: short, medium and long term. This research is first devoted to the study of patient follow-up during the first weeks after amputation, within the hospital rehabilitation unit. Developing the notion of the « stump paradox » (« paradoxe du moignon »), it explores the bio-psycho-social trauma linked to the loss as well as the recomposition of the body and the bodily experiences associated with it, such as that of the phantom limb. It details both the process of adjusting and familiarising to the amputated body and its formatting work in relation to the prothesis. It also sheds light on the essential role of the prosthesis in the rehabilitation process, with the learning of walking with it and its impacts on situations of disability.Second, based on a longitudinal follow-up of the same patients a year and a half after the end of the rehabilitation stay, this research aims to understand the habituation to the amputated body and the evolution of post-hospitalisation bodily experiences. It investigates the processes of adjustment and adaptation of the amputated body with the prothesis and other technical aids. It enquires into the benefit of the prosthesis in the remediation of disability situations. It also highlights the complex relationship to the prosthesis in daily life and in the social experience of disability. The last part of the research focuses on (the study of) the lived experiences of amputees over the past five years. It explores, particularly through the prism of audiovisual anthropology, their diverse experiences of the body/prosthesis alliance (between potentialities, limitations and intimacy) and of disability. It examines the approach and the issues involved in the sharing of these experiences by seasoned amputees towards newly amputated peers.Through anthropological decentring and analysis focused on what is lived in situ by the people concerned, this dissertation deconstructs the ableist approach of amputation and shows the need to go beyond it. It establishes that post-amputation experiences of the body, prothesis and disability must be considered in their diversity, complexity and transformations over time
Duhamel, Virginie. "Les représentations du handicap. Approche anthropologique des systèmes politiques et de santé du Sud-Ouest de la France." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1061/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the social representations of handicap in French society, by questionning the fundamental subject of otherness, our conception of difference, in both political and sanitary fields. The observation held in South West region highlighted the cultural and heritage of where the current representations of handicap come from : fantasies, fears, idea of a contagion of handicap... the social representation would therefore have barely progressed in spite of the globalization of culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Limited to the picture of a wheelchair, the subject of handicap consists more in a political and sanitary stake, since it is in the heart of the evolution of society. As a matter of fact, the law of February 11th 2005 impose on communities to assure their accessibility, in order to allow equal opportunities for handicapped people. Through this compliance of the environment, the conception of handicap is limited to mobility. Therefore, it seems that there is still an unconscious will to keep handicapped people at the margin of society. Therefore, we can claim that social representations still hold an important role in collective behavior. Their evolution requires to purchase an experiential knowledge. That's why we wanted to corroborate this statement thanks to a qualitative investigation organized with students in nursing school
Grim, Olivier Rachid. "Freaks à l'épreuve du mythe : La figure de l'infirme comme représentation de la mort : Anthropologie et psychanalyse de l'infirmité." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0240.
Full textWhy is a complete social integration of handicapped people still an utopian idea? To answer this question, the author hypothesises an underlying anthropological status to infirmity that is as effective as it is powerful. "The character of the cripple as a representation of death" is central to a film that is like no other : "Freaks", directed in 1932 by Tod Browning, which uses actors with real disabilities. Brought from the Thirties into the context of today, analysed and compared to works of the same sort, using the tools of anthropology and psychoanalysis, this film - unique in its structure and content - continues to grind the grain brought to the "mythical-poetic" mills that have the task of answering the mysteries and enigmas thrown up by birth, death - and what which lies beneath and beyond -, sexuality and socialisation. The originality and power of its thesis lies in its daring to tackle these questions by staging real disabilities; and thereby opens a way towards understanding the position of the disabled person today
Winance, Myriam. "Thèse et prothèse : le processus d'habilitation comme fabrication de la personne. L'Association Française contre les Myopathies face au handicap." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089008.
Full textL'enjeu de la thèse est triple. Il est, premièrement, d'élaborer une sociologie du handicap pour répondre à la question : comment insérer les personnes handicapées et comment vivre ensemble ? Il est, deuxièmement, de développer une sociologie générale sur la notion de personne. Je montre que la personne n'existe pas de manière a priori, mais est fabriquée à travers l'ajustement à des équipements qui deviennent prothèses. Enfin, il s'agit de mener une réflexion méthodologique et politique. L'enjeu est de m'équiper moi-même, en tant qu'auteur valide, pour rendre mon propre discours légitime et utile dans le champ du handicap. Le parcours de la thèse est celui des personnes handicapées et de l'AFM, mais aussi le parcours de ma propre habilitation.
Ntsama, Rosine. "La famille camerounaise entre tradition et modernité : aspirations et représentations familiales de l’enfant handicapé." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H016.
Full textThis thesis in general approaches the evolution of the family in the African context and in Republic of Cameroun in particular through the handicap. The family cannot manage the handicap in the private sphere any more. The structural change noted through the aspirations and of the social representations of the actors on the management of the handicap causes institutional reforms. Thus, the handicap from its aspirations creates a social dynamics then allowing the cohabitation and the coexistence of the two systems of assumption of responsibility knowing: “tradition and modernity”. One sees the family transferring the problems from the handicap of the sphere deprived to the public sphere which is the State. The situational analysis carried out in the ten regional areas of Cameroun made it possible to understand the implementation of the social practices for the autonomy and the blooming of the handicapped people. Thus, the management of the assumption of responsibility of the handicapped people introduces a process of modernization. Contradictions and ambivalences observed in addition translate the complexity which generates a type of contemporaneity. The social construction of the State leaves believe that this one cannot manage the handicap without the collaboration of the families. The family thus becomes a partner of the State in the social treatment of the handicapped person. This research undertakes to understand how the family as an institution of socialization and vector of social cohesion translates the complexity of her social reality to cause social transformations through the assumption of responsibility of the handicapped people
Hamonet, Claude. "Handicapologie et anthropologie." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H072.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to define the handicap, to suggest an anthropological description of handicapped people, to make clear the part of handicap in the field of health and their connections the first part is a detailed research about origin and linguistic semantic aspects of the world "handicap". Different patterns or scheme elaborated for handicap are explored. The description of handicapped persons rests on: ethnological studies of individual cases and families, outpatients, inpatients treated by medical rehabilitation unit in hospital or a medico-legal benefiting of evaluation. In historical study of the origins of diseases classification shows the direct relation between the botanists system of plants classification (Carl Linne XVIII century) and the actual medical classification (W. H. O. ). The result is the organization of a "diseases system" which puts out the "incurables", including the handicapped. The relations between normal-disease and handicaps are discussed. New tridimensional: definition of handicaps are put forward associated to a new classification and new assessment methods. The relations between handicap and elderly are widely explained. The social exclusion already is one of the themes of the last chapter: death and handicap. In the conclusion a new overall classification of handicapped people of health is suggested with a new typology
Grard, Julien. "Frontières invisibles. Expériences de personnes prises en charge au long cours par la psychiatrie publique en France." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682280.
Full textGallut, Xavier. "Les pratiques d'hygiène corporelle dans un institut médico-professionnel : contribution à une anthropologie de l'action éducative spécialisée." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21435.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study the place and the role of the body in specialized educative action conducted with disabled adolescents in an Institut médico-professionnel. A work of ethnographic observation undertaken over the course of one year and a series of research interviews, both formal and informal, constitute the two principal methods by which data has been gathered. For professionals in this field the "anxiety of the body" is particularly noticeable in the constant need for propriety. This demand gives rise to three separate optics: political, socio-cultural, and mental. Being as they are integrated with other movements of daily life, practices of personal hygiene contribute at once to the creation of a world as well as its subsequent ordering; they fuel relationships of power by means of systematic discipline of the body. In an institutional setting the act of propriety can be considered as a symbolic operator which allows the individual to realize an ascension from a supposed "natural state" to a state of culture which would be considered to be superior. As in other "magical" practices some conditions must be fulfilled to guarantee the effectiveness of this action. It equally permits the individual to evacuate a certain anxiety produced by the bodies and/or the way of thinking of adolescents. This anxiety, present in the discourse of professionals, is then manifested in their actions. A feeling of "uncanniness" reaches its peak once unpredictable bodily appearances emerge on the institutional scene
Zempel, Thomas L. "A biblical approach to understanding the physical handicap of Down Syndrome." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Full textGadchaux, Christian. "Inclusion des étudiants en situation de handicap à l’université : approches croisées anthropologique et didactique, analyse de données d’entretiens cliniques et de données vidéo." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL027.
Full textThe university growth in the number of disabled students (2005-103 law), and is facing the complex challenge of inclusion (2013-595 law). The law on equal opportunities and rights made it compulsory admission, and the law school and refounding the Republic requires the establishment of inclusive university. We question the issue of inclusion of students with disabilities in both the socialization aspect of the anthropological approach in the aspect of the production-transmission of academic knowledge and their accessibilisation by the didactic approach. The inventory of the issue is in a critical historical analysis of texts and institutions, in order to realize the conceptual evolution of the concepts according to their origin. We analyze and critique of official documents and institutional positioning. Building on scientific research we return to our account some conceptual elements (liminality, stigmata, rites of interaction, rites of institution) to continue the anthropological approach to disability. Didactics of joint action that we present seems quickly respond to relational needs inclusion in the academic higher education. Our thesis adopts a clinical and collaborative approach, giving pride of place to actors, students with disabilities or not, and teachers. We listen to three students with disabilities, three regular students (all Bachelor, two of Sociology and Anthropology) and two teachers (one experienced, the other rookie). These clinical interviews collected at Rogerian method of active listening give rise to a set of corpus analyzed in the thesis and delivered in full in appendices to serve as empirical contributions to scientific research. We urge cross approach, anthropological and didactic, description and video analysis filmed TD sociology and cross analysis of experienced teachers. What about the relationship and the production-transmission of knowledge in tutorials, with and for students with disabilities at the University today? If the clinical lighting does not allow us to report comprehensively on developments of the current reality, at least it allows us better to ask some questions in the light of societal and anthropological issues of inclusion of cognitive socialization university
Schmitt, Pierre. "Signes d'ouverture : contributions à une anthropologie des pratiques artistiques en langue des signes." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0166.
Full textThese contributions to an anthropology of artistic practices in sign language associate thoughts on creative processes, works of art and audiences. Studying sign language "mises en scènes", in theater, in movies, on television, or online, requires a semiotic model that does not separate speakers and languages before undertaking analysis. I thus provide some insight on gesture studies and linguistic studies on signs in order to shed light on current epistemological and methodological issues in the study of human communication. From language to culture, I will also address the description of deaf people as a cultural and linguistic group by Deaf studies. Deaf studies are known in France but French works interrogating their very existence as a field are rare. Presenting the relationship between Deaf studies and disability studies will be another necessary step toward understanding the contemporary frameworks within which artistic practices in sign language are developing and spreading. Theoretical texts contributing to the institutionalization of artistic practices in sign language are also rare. This is why I dedicated myself to a thorough investigation of the "new directions and definitions" suggested by Dorothy Miles and Louie Fant in 1976, in the context of professionalization of "deaf theater" within the National Theater of the Deaf. I then present the NTD and the evolution of its creations to highlight its influence on the beginnings of the International Visual Theater in France.While artistic practices in sign language have been professionalized and entered public space through theatre, current popularity of "singing in sign language" has led me to question its practitioners' identities and the diversity of its forms. The study of sign language music videos has offered a case study to apply a multimodal analysis, taking into account staged languages, artists' identities and skills, artistic intentions and targeted audiences. Finally, within a signing art world, the study of festivals as reception context allowed me to document how evolutions of deaf/hearing interactions through the sharing of sign language contribute to the emergence of a "signing community"
Foucher, Claude. "La malvoyance évolutive : démarche associative et problématique identitaire : étude anthropologique d'un ensemble de sujets atteints d'une maladie génétique cécitante et des modalités socioculturelles de leur adaptation." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0050.
Full textThe aim of this research was to understand hom people suffering from retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic, progressive disease leading to blindnesse and so far incurable, cope with it. We wanted to analyse how they adapt on the socio-cultural point of vue and particularily why they have created an association under the nineteen-hundred-and-one-law. We have first realized an historical approach of the associative phenomenon. Then, we have undertaken a detailed study among a year of creations of associations in France. On a second part of this thesis, we have analysed the way the patients cope with the disease by means of sixty semi-directive interviews and one thousand and thirty five questionnaires. We have shown the links between psychosocial identity and the decision of creating an association. Our modern society considers the disabbled mainly through a technical approach but no longer through a cultural one as in the past. We have tried, in the last part of this research, to explain why the number of associations increases so fast nowadays
Audet, Philippe. "Le corps prothétique : analyse de la conception du corps parasportif dans le paralympisme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66413.
Full textLansade, Godefroy. "La vision des inclus : ethnographie d'un dispositif d'inclusion scolaire à destination d'adolescents et jeunes adultes désignés handicapés mentaux." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01408175v2.
Full textBased on a 3-year long ethnographic investigation as well as an extensive teaching career, this study attempts to both give an account and question the schooling of “mentally disabled” teenagers and young adults aged 16 to 20 in vocational secondary schools. From their own perspectives - and having adopted a low-standard approach, I strived to understand the way they experience their inclusion in the ULIS scheme (Localized Units for Inclusion). With particular attention to the configuration of their inclusive education, i could account for and put into question the socio-educational impacts of a public policy for inclusive education “in the making” of which they are the center. From the corpus and my analysis of the connection these teenagers and young adults have with the educational system whether they fit in or oppose it, their projects, their choices and the way they interact with others and see themselves, I demonstrate that they wonder about their high school life and question what is generally said about them and how they are perceived. This research shows that these students do have a clear vision of their experience and understand the paradoxes at the core of the ULIS scheme. I also focus on the objective social and institutional constraints weighing heavily on their school trajectories. A better understanding doesn’t necessarily imply a better action. Still, it is essential to listen to these socially invisible youngsters so as to empower them as people able to express their difficulties and make their own choices
Calvez, Marcel. "Incertitude, risque et handicapJalons d'analyse culturelle." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005903.
Full textTörnblom, Ebba. "Vad är det för fel på dig, då? : En kvalitativ studie om hur det är att leva med en funktionsnedsättning i det svenska samhället." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167353.
Full textDufour, Joëlle, and Joëlle Dufour. "Intégration scolaire et construction identitaire : regard sur les expériences de jeunes sourds oralistes de la région de Haute-Normandie (France)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26126.
Full textCe mémoire documente les expériences d’intégration sociale et académique de jeunes adultes sourds oralistes de Haute-Normandie, ainsi que leurs perceptions sur leur identité. Il insiste sur l’influence exercée par les premières sur les deuxièmes, en plus de montrer comment les normes sociales et biomédicales orientent les représentations de leur identité et comment, en retour, ces représentations participent à la reproduction de ces normes. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le courant de l’anthropologie du handicap et de la surdité, et s’appuie principalement sur les concepts de stigmate et d’identité sourde. Ses résultats, qui reposent sur 33 entrevues réalisées auprès de jeunes sourds oralistes et de professionnels en surdité, dévoilent que les jeunes sourds oralistes éprouvent d’importantes difficultés scolaires et sociales. Par ailleurs, à travers leur constante recherche de conformité, ceux-ci semblent moins à même de réinterpréter leur surdité de manière positive et, de ce fait, de développer une identité culturelle sourde.
Gratton, Danielle. "Préoccupations et attentes en réadaptation physique dans des contextes pluralistes : vers un cadre théorique interculturel." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10790.
Full textThis thesis is based on the intercultural and institutional dynamics of health care in pluralistic contexts. The clinical context makes it possible to understand what is at stake in encounters between people of different ethnic and religious backgrounds. The field of physical rehabilitation is a particularly interesting context for understanding these dynamics because interventions require long-term assessment and sustained collaboration on the part of clients. The current research examines three types of actors in this context: immigrant clients, health care specialists (or practitioners), and third party payers (CSST). In order to elaborate an intercultural theoretical framework, the thesis critically examines modernist and postmodernist orientations in anthropology, and through an epistemological approach proposes an interactionist orientation. These differing epistemological orientations are studied from a clinical standpoint and, the resulting analysis prepares the way for a dialogue between practitioners and anthropologists. The ethnographic context sheds light on various themes concerning the politics of healthcare in pluralistic contexts, but also the policies that influence different relationships between macroeconomics and local-level encounters in organizational settings. The system of physical rehabilitation in Quebec serves as a canvas to understand concerns and expectations of the different types actors solicited by this research. The ethnographic data presented here highlights the convergence and divergence between those who are involved in administering and receiving care. After describing the conditions and terms of intervention in the field of physical rehabilitation, there is a discussion of the specificity of immigrant clients and healthcare in pluriethnic contexts. Data collected from different actors highlights the difference between objective barriers to adequate services and factors which can be linked to culture. Analysis of the data focuses on communication in an intercultural or pluriethnic context and the flow of information, carefully examining the relationship between information, expertise and prejudice. The analysis also offers certain pathways to better understand the lack of reactivity in pluralistic contexts. The conclusion proposes a complementary approach which is intended to facilitate a dialogue between models based on discrimination and those on interculturalism. Anthropologists are presented as being particularly well positioned to answer new challenges generated by intercultural situations in an era of neoliberalism.