Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Handicap – Sociologie'
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Merzouk, Rachid. "L' expérience du handicap : une quête de sens : pour une sociologie clinique du handicap." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070008.
Full textThis thesis examines the meaning of physical disability which approached as a biographical experience which is both psychic and social. This experience is analysed using life historics of several people living with physical disability. This requires clinical sociology to take into account both psychic and social aspects of disability experience. This experience is composed of a series of social practices "justified" by the disability which attest to the contradictory processes which face "handicapped" people. These processes deal with several sectors of their life history including emotional, family and work. . . The results indicate the centrality of the identity question in the disability experience. People identified as "handicapped" are put in situations of "identity swing" between ordinary identity, usually "reserved" for people in good health and "handicapped" identity related to disability. It is in face-to-face interactions that "handicapped" people experience their specific identity issues and those of their handicap in general. This doctoral thesis concludes by calling for a new concept to describe the reality of people with disability who are not longer all kept at the margins (liminality). This suggests the need to develop a clinical sociology of disability
Dufour, Pierre. "L’homme en fauteuil : approche de genre : contribution à une sociologie critique du handicap." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20030.
Full textThe idea of disability usually implies an unfortunate difference towards a desirable model. However, some sides of the culture stemming from disability studies and activists movements suggest that disabilities aren’t only inpairments. They generate norms too. This thesis proposes the surmise of disability as a creative matter. The survey focuses on men in wheelchairs but we also pay attention to some facets of french disability associations. Able-bodied schemas are pregnant in these both points. However, in the ordinary run of things, some disabled people create social norms which can be shared but they think these are illegitimate norms. The resources to understand the experience of disability regardless of the meanings derived from the standard body are found. But they aren’t visible much in France. Then french people can’t use them in order to build their gender lives and snatches of creation stay on the threshold of instituted meanings. The messages of french associations are dependant on dominant able-bodied language. Consequently, the theme of disability lose his own affirmative and conflicting dimensions
Zdravkova, Yana. "L’expérience carcérale du handicap." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC012.
Full textThis research focuses on the prison experience of people with disabilities. The aim is to analyze the way in which the prison environment makes physical and mental particularities socially meaningful. Mobilizing multi-situated ethnography, based on a constructivist and pragmatic approach, the thesis analyzes the interweaving of political, moral and pragmatic categories in the construction of deficiencies and thus of disability in prison. The first part serves to construct and conceptualize the object of the research. It examines the links and boundaries between disability and prison sentences, constructed as categories of public action organized around the dialectic between vulnerability and responsibility of prisoners. A socio-historical section puts into perspective the construction of these two categories around the border between able and disable. Finally, a documentary analysis allows us to understand the weight of human and individual rights on the meaning of disability in prison. The second part, based on an ethnography carried out in four men's prisons, analyzes the conflict between different social conventions - a "convention of renown" characteristic of the prison world and a "convention of protection" characteristic of the world of disability - that is caused by the presence of prisoners with disabilities. This "test" for the prison world is resolved in the concrete agreements of the actors around opposing principles of justice. These agreements give rise to regimes of action in the form of devices, arrangements or adaptations. The analysis of the configurations of each prison makes it possible to understand disability as being anchored and established in locally produced meanings Finally, the third part focuses on the individual experience of male prisoners with disabilities (considered as being, or those who claim to be). In an environment where masculinity represents a normative frame of reference, they contravene this "order", because they require care and protection. Through the interviews, their itineraries, identities and prison life appear to be marked by a dilemma that becomes a double constraint forcing them to respond to both protection and autonomy orders. Deprived of any support, they must show themselves as being able of acting on themselves
Boudinet, Mathéa. "Quand le genre travaille le handicap : enquête sur l'articulation entre handicap et genre sur le marché de l'emploi en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0006.
Full textWhat does belonging to several dominated social categories imply concerning the occupied positions on the labour market? This thesis studies the implications of the intersection of gender and disability on the labour market and in employment, by focusing on the specific case of disabled women. The study relies on mixed methods : it uses 51 individual biographical interviews with people with a visual or motor impairment or a chronic illness, and analyses the 2018 wave of the INSEE 'Emploi en continu' survey. The thesis highlights the inequalities between disabled and able-bodied people and their variations according to gender, both on the labour market (rates of employment, unemployment and inactivity, job searches) and in employment (horizontal and vertical job segregation, differentiated working conditions, discrimination). It underlines the importance of the gendered division of labour for disabled people, and highlights the importance of additional forms of work for them: health work - all the constraining activities relating to care and health management on an individual scale - and disability work, which corresponds to activities linked to the social dimension of disability. The thesis contributes to a sociology of intersectionality, through its dialogues between fields of literature
Boucher, Normand. "Mise en jeu de la différence corporelle au Québec, pour une sociologie du handicap." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65442.pdf.
Full textLantz, Elise. "Des marginalités encadrées : étude des rapports au handicap dans différentes configurations associatives du monde du cirque contemporain français." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON14001.
Full textThe contemporary circus emerged in France during the late 70s and so far it has taken up a marginal position. Itsframework reveals the ambivalent relationship between society and disability.A research approach in which disability is the result of interaction between individuals and their environments wasadopted. We conducted a wide angle quantitative study about circus associations throughout France, followed by aqualitative study centered on eleven circus associations. We established four relationship patterns with respect todissimilarities: some associations organize a Clustering and segregation, that separates people with intellectual disabilitiesfrom other participants, with the creation of a specialized circus programs; a majority of associations also accepts theparticipation of people who carries low impact disabilities in normalized circus practices, by a process of assimilation,reflecting a Behavioral prioritization ; in associations that regroup professional performers, few artists with unconventionalbody types are emphasized by their Creative corporal dissimilarity ; only one among all organizations studied offers anoriginal pattern of participation, where people with all types of abilities and disabilities are united in inclusive practices, bythe virtue of a creative mosaic.Contemporary circus has established specialized programs that reproduce the segregation utilized in the medicosocialand psychiatric sectors. It proposes a simulated integration aimed to the world outside of the disability, whileestablishing a distancing of the difference. Recurrent highlighting of artists with physical disabilities that creatively usestheir corporal differences and demonstrates exceptional body control masks this participation in the process of segregation.A single organization combines inclusive practices and affirmatively rejects its own institutionalization. For others,neither association status nor the posture of marginality produces original forms of participation for people withdisabilities.Norm is polarized: “Negative” marginality of the “disabled” – those that have a lack of behavioral control – isframed by a global care, while the “positive” marginality of corporal differences is framed as a fine art piece by spectacularstaging, the symbol of the renewed marginality of the contemporary circus
Meziani, Martial. "Boxe en France et capoeira au Brésil pour les personnes handicapées : intégrer, inclure, adapter : entremêlements entre fonction sociale et intérêt personnel." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H027.
Full textThe purpose of this study is a comparison, following two ethnographic investigations, opportunities for full integration of disabled people in the boxing in France and of capoeira in Brazil. Courses for this population are open so specialized or inclusive. Through these initiatives, teachers and coaches get a better reputation, better income and an expanded network of contacts. At the same time, there is an integration of disabled people on both sides of the Atlantic, the symbolic violence making a selection through knowledge transfer. Ultimately, the analysis shows that the way to see the world of boxing and capoeira encourages them to act so that a maximum number of individuals is an advantage that it is the institutional actors, students with disabilities, or not and themselves. However, this does not prevent conflicts appear showing the tension between three points of view on disability : segregation, inclusion and selective integration. Indeed, the latter existing in two activities studied use of symbolic violence as the two previous attempts in the opposite way to minimize it
Boutet, Orphé. "Pour une socio-anthropologie du handicap au Gabon : Mobilisations, représentations et identités collectives des personnes handicapées physiques à Libreville." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL037.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse how disabled people living in Libreville define, organise and structure their demands for reform. One of the most visible and meaningful ways in which they show their discontent, is in the squatting of public buildings. Inhabiting a squat is a way of demanding the right to housing and the right to accessibility to housing. It is important to speak beforehand of the social customs in relation to handicap in the Gabon. First of all, I explored the anthropological and sociolinguistic aspects of the human body in general. In other words, I analysed the way the human body is represented from a sociolinguistic point of view and the social practices which result. It appears that the body is seen as a global entity, whole and unbreakable. Thereby, it epitomises a person (identity, mental health, the amount of money a person has ,the work they do,their love life , failure or succes at school, etc. ). Subsequently, I explored the way in which different types of handicap are discussed in certain local languages of the Gabon, paying particular attention to their symbolic meanings. These practises and meanings give rise to a liminality that is as much symbolic as it is empirical, I also analysed the way in which physical handicap can be interpreted in different ways ; how the causes of disability are explained. We can draw the conclusion that if in other parts of the world and different cultures, handicap is seen to be a form of punishment or a divine curse, in the Gabon, it is seen to be caused by witchcraft, and this interpretation is born out of human jealousy and nastiness. These suspicions and accusations of witchcraft cause terrible tensions within families, even causing divorce or leading to children being separated from their parents, Physical handicap results in social handicap,and directly influences the way a person lives his or her life
Adam, Charles-Eric. "Le processus de classification en handisport : sociologie d’un polyptyque évolutif." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100192.
Full textBackstage of disabled sports competitions high-level event takes place an inaccessible trial to public sight : the classification process. Expertise, imperative to assign a class to each athlete is materialized by a series of operations performed by both classifiers and the main protagonists: observe, measure, quantify, qualify, compare, protest, deliberate ... This quest for objectivity is organized in several arenas (locker rooms, the Executive Board of the International Paralympic Committee, Committee on Classification, laboratories). But the impression of stability of the device contrast with testimonies and observations criticizing the review body protocols. Therefore, institutional leaders are seeking to maintain the interest of competition for practitioners and spectators. The complexity of the process appears to be an evolving polyptych in which actors attempt to bring order and that sociologist try to reassemble the pieces scattered, like a curator. The search for the most appropriate sociological language use to analyze the adoption, maintenance, or abandonment of the belief in the effectiveness of the device whose final issue is the credibility of the Paralympic Games. How is possible and acceptable equity with so unique sports body? How actors work to transform or maintain a device that separate or aggregate individuals in the same time? The survey allows us to understand the conditions of disable sport and adapted sport competition and contributes to the debate on the boundaries between individuals
Winance, Myriam. "Thèse et prothèse : le processus d'habilitation comme fabrication de la personne : l'association Française contre les Myopathies faces au handicap." Paris, ENMP, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089008.
Full textThe French Muscular Dystrophy Association (AFM) gathers together families whose one member is touched by a neuromuscular disease. This Association supports scientific research and helps families in their daily life. In my dissertation, I focus on the second aspect. I analyse the way the AFM faces disability and its action to include disabled people in the city. I describe three dispositives used to include disabled people into the city: the technical dispositive (wheelchair), the discursive one (theoretical model about disability, the journal of the AFM) and the institutional one (traditional institution, rehabilitation centre, adapted apartments). I show how through a long adjustment to those dispositives, the person is made up and gets new abilities. I call this process the "habilitation". When the dispositive becomes what makes the person, it becomes a prosthesis. Describing this process, I describe both the history of the AFM (the dissertation contributes to the sociology of associations and social movements) and the journey of the disabled persons (the dissertation used the contribution of the anthropology of the body, the sociology of medicine and the sociology of disability). The dissertation has three aims. First, I develop a sociology of disability in answering to the question : how to include disabled people in the city and how to make possible the life together ? Second, I develop a general sociology in asking the question : what is the person ? My argument is that the person does not exist by itself but is made up through the links, the adjustment, with some equipment which become prosthesis. Finally, I build a methodological and political reflection. The researcher has to find the equipment s/he needs to legitimate his/her research and to make it useful for the ones s/he has worked with. The journey I describe is not only the one of the AFM and the one of the disabled people but also mine own, the journey of my own "habilitation"
Mazereau, Philippe. "Pour une sociologie historique des professionnalités éducatives: entre pédagogie et médecine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058766.
Full textMongy, Aymeric. "L'autisme, un handicap contre la protection sociale : les usages réformateurs d'un problème-outil." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUD020.
Full textFor more than forty years, the political science literature has been interested in the processes of bureaucratization leading to the mobilization of knowledge and techniques from New Public Management (NPM) in the production of public action (Bezes et al., 2011), sometimes to the point of drawing up an all-encompassing observation of a "neoliberal bureaucratization" of the world (Hibou, 2013). Mechanistic conceptions of the transfer of government techniques between the public and private sectors ultimately provide little information about the conditions of their social embedding, i.e. the political, symbolic and technical operations through which social groups legitimize the use of the NPM; the action of its social base in short. From an analysis of the case of the construction of the autism problem in France, the present thesis intends to shed light on this point by bringing to light the way in which the mobilizations of the parent associations of autism contributed to motivate the use by the State of techniques and organizational formats stemming from health management, thereby reinforcing the administrative capacities of control over the organization and the contents of the psychiatric and medicosocial care offer. In fact, from the 2010s onwards, the "scandalous strategies" (Offerlé, 1998) of parent organizations have led to the archaic nature of segregated care models being publicly criticized because they are not sufficiently oriented towards school, and ineffective because they are not sufficiently informed about advances in neuroscience. Mixing the right to social inclusion of individuals and access to care in the liberal sector, the claims of these interest groups make the "trajectory of reforms" (Bezes, Palier, 2018) of autism intersect with that of another issue: that of the mode of government of the disability and mental health sectors. This second issue is marked by a return in force of the State which, since the beginning of the 1990s, has increasingly resorted to different technologies - agencies, calls for tender, contracts, platforms, recommendations of good practices, packages, etc. The use of these technologies is geared towards the development of an integrated health care "system". Their use is geared towards increasing the efficiency of health care structures and medico-social establishments, which are invited to specialize in "heavy" and "complex" care in order to send some of their patients back to the mainstream. Whether it is called the "ambulatory shift" or the "inclusive shift", this transfer of care activities to the "ordinary environment" - rarely, if ever, questioned as a source of oppression or a factor of inequality - accounts for a large part of the demand on private medicine, which is supposed to absorb the requests for services that are thus discharged from the specialized environments. On the basis of various materials - written sources, interviews, observations and an ethnographic survey conducted in particular in the Pas-de-Calais department - our research shows how, by seeking to conform the process of producing care to their conception of "good practice", these associations have fed this program. It also shows how the logistical rationalization of care leads to a disintegration of the "social properties" (Castel, 1999) distributed by the sectors it works in, to the detriment of their most socially precarious publics
Cambon-Palazzo, Clémence. "Evaluation de la contribution des maladies musculosquelettiques au handicap en France à partir de l'enquête Handicap-santé." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC018.
Full textIntroduction : Representative national data on disability are becoming increasingly important in helping policymakers decide on public health strategies. Objective : to assess the contribution of rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to disability in France 1) comparing disabilities attributable to RMDs to disabilities attributable to other chronic disorders, 2) evaluating disabilities encountered in different Methods : Data on diseases and on disability for 29,931 subjects living in households were extracted from the national 2008-2009 Disability-Health Survey results. A weighting factor was applied to obtain representative estimates for the French population. Diagnosis and disabilities were self-reported. In the first part, disability was defined as at least one restriction in activities of daily living (ADL), severe disability as the inability to perform at least one ADL atone, and self-reported disability as a general feeling of being disabled. In the second part, we used the core set of disability categories for RMDs of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for analysis. To account for comorbidities, we assessed the contribution of each chronic disorder to disability by using the average attributable fraction (AAF). This could be defined as the proportion of disability that could be avoided eliminating the disease. Results: Neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular chronic disorders mainly contribute to disability in France. Neurological and musculoskeletal diseases had the largest impact on disability (AAF 17. 4% and 16. 4%, respectively). Neurological disorders contributed the most to severe disability (AAF 31. 0%). Musculoskeletal and sensorial impairments contributed the most to self-reported disability (AAF 15. 4% and 12. 3%). Cardiovascular conditions were also among the top four contributors to disability categories (AAFs 8. 5%-11. 1%). Overall, 27. 7% (about 17. 3 million people) (95% CI 26. 9-28. 4%) of the population reported having at least one RMD. The most prevalent RMDs were low back pain (12. 5%, 12. 1-13. 1) and osteoarthritis (12. 3%, 11. 8-12. 7). Osteoarthritis was the main contributor to activity limitations (AAF 22% for walking difficulties, 18. 6% for difficulties in carrying objects, and 12. 8% for difficulties in dressing were attributable to OA). OA was also a contributor to need for human assistance (9. 2% of the need for help from immediate family, 11. 8% of the need for help from health professionals were attributable to OA), and to health service delivery (AAF 8. 9%). Changing jobs was mainly attributed to neck pain (AAF 13%) and low back pain (11. 5%). Conclusion : Our findings provide an overview of disabilities attributable to chronic diseases and RMDs in France. They may help to convince policymakers of the need to focus on RMDs to improve population health
Primerano, Adrien. "La fabrique des in/capables. Ethnographie de l’accompagnement en institution spécialisée pour adolescent-es désigné-es autistes." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0060.
Full textThe IMEs (Instituts Médico-Éducatifs or Medico-Educational Institutes) are one of the main institutions welcoming so-called disabled children and adolescents in France, despite government measures in favor of inclusive schooling. Through a documentation of the assistance provided by the various professionals working in these institutions, in particular specialized educators, this research questions the tension between maintaining a disabled-persons-only space and searching normality. This work explores the way in which the figures of the able and unable individuals are produced, through approaches arising from an ableist ideal, that is, a structure which hierarchizes, normalizes and excludes certain bodily forms and functionalities (Masson, 2013). Thus, the promotion of “ability” by the professionals sorts out the accompanied individuals between able and unable, through a normalization process based on adolescence or gender identity deemed normal, as well as the valued image of an autonomous individual doing productive work.This thesis is based on three IME monographs, for which I carried out regular observations, interviews with professionals, and analysis of institutional documents. It demonstrates that IMEs are institutions that tend to monopolize the care of the people they welcome, and to present themselves as the only legitimate body to do so. Disability is set up as an institutional normality within the IME, as a structure in which educational activities are possible, in order to allow these people to acquire skills. Consequently, the “normal disabled person” is the one which may engage in a normalization process, implying both individualized behaviors and numerous injunctions to perform their gender as well as their age class (adolescence). The professionals sort them out between those deemed able and unable: first of all, differentiated supports are set up, for supplementing the individual (doing for) or helping them to carry out a task (doing with). Besides, those perceived as more able are enrolled in collectives, aiming to build a common identity, while those deemed unable receive a more individualized support. Finally, the able persons are prepared for productive work and autonomy outside of the IME, through normalisation efforts intending to invisibilize behaviors considered outside the norm. At the same time, the unable persons are also socially invisibilized, but through an adult institutionalization, for which they are prepared through work on autonomy within the institution, by learning to take care of themselves
Gaulot, Céline. "Inclusion et handicap à dominante visible ou invisible au collège : représentations du handicap, pratiques d'inclusion en contexte scolaire et construction individuelle et interactionnelle d’adolescents en situation de handicap." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0242/document.
Full textThe treatment of the handicap and the of persons with disabilities has varied over time. Currently, in line with human rights, national and international policies tend to promote équality for all men and the fight against discrimination becomes a reality by active public policies in most countries. At the education level, the concept of inclusion was endorsed at the Salamanca conference (UNESCO, 1994) and its implementation is described as « a reform that supports and welcomes the diversity of all the learners » (UNESCO, 2001). In France, the law of 11 February 2005 introduced a major change into the social treatment of disabled people. Inclusive Education calls to a consideration of the complexity of the human person and the institutions to which he belongs. This research aims to account for some aspects of this complexity by bringing to light the representations and practices of inclusion in middle school among pupils with dominant visible or invisible disabilities and by linking them to the individual and interactionnal construction of these adolescents. Four dimensions were studied based on the situation of five students with visible or invisible disabilities. The school context is the first level : it provides an objective structure to the inclusion process by the presence of a device, an organization and people involved in this project. We then questioned the representations of disability and the pedagogical practices of the teachers in the second level. The third level is the one of the peers of the disabled pupils, where the socio-affective networks were questioned. Finally, the fourth level concerns the individual dimension of the five selected pupils. The results of this ethnograhic research indicate that the structuring of the inclusive context has an influence on the activated representation of the handicap : the more it is visibly carried by a system and a dedicated staff, the richer is the representation. The core-representation of disability among teachers (consisting in « monster », « death », « physical disability »,« wheelchair » and « autism » elements) is identical to the one found in the general population, with a professional specific variation (« dyslexia ») within th scope of possible disability repair. When the structuring of inclusion is carried by a lot of invested people, a representation called « linking » integrates the different previous levels of the representation and joins the situation of disability. In this sense, it is evolved because it considers the latest sociatal advances in this field ; it can be thought as transitional, in the same way as the current form of inclusive education. Archetypes are underlying these representations and differ according to the visibility (where the activated archetype is the one of the monster and fondamental alterity) or the invisibility (which activate the archetype of the stranger and the unknowable), this motion making the link between perception and representation in the psychic dimension of the individual. Representations may evolve by uncovering, accepting and integrating its diffrents components by the individual on the one hand, and by the concrete experience discussed and reflected by the actors on the other. This then leads to a co-construction between partners and the need for training to access an understanding of the singularities of students with alterities in order to identify and respond to their special educationnal needs
Pillant, Yves. "Une politique de la vulnérabilité est-elle "pensable" ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0009.
Full textNowadays our society sets aside people pointed out as "vulnerable". This sidelining translates in the facts a more global discharge of anything sending back to vulnerability. Considering vulnerability as un unthought dimension of our culture, a large part of this thesis will consist in showing what the situation is regarding vulnerability and through which ways it is poile possible to think it out. The excluding of this vulnerability, which is nevertheless essential to us, is only the backhand of an identity which each of us wants to specify from his own insured consciousness. With Emmanuel Levinas, the matter is to think out vulnerability as sensitivity THROUGH the other in consideration FOR the other, where the encounter turns to be the condition of à desidentifying hollowing out. Otherness is my first resource, it convenes me to receive the otherone's strangeness and this reception is giving me a self awareness much more than what I decide. That small shift suggests to each one to inhabit his own vulnerability, that uncontrolled futility but which operates in change, such is the "phenomenology of the one, modified by the other than one " that we tried to think. From that prospect point, another society can be considered, a "society of singularities" giving room to our insufficiencies within the "sociality quality ". That breeding ground gîtes lies the opportunity to re-visit the Nation, the singular and the universal, hospitality, fraternity, economics, the link between ethics and politics, in order to blow up the individual need of a cut between " me-us " and " whole-them ". To live into its own vulnerability is then to stay into the unbereable place of a non cut
Harma, Kalina. "Inclusion scolaire, représentations sociales de l'altérité et du handicap et attitudes à l'égard du handicap : Effet des facteurs contact, visibilité et importunité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3061.
Full textThis thesis aims sought to gauge the impact of including pupils with disabilities in ordinary schools on the social representations of disability and otherness and attitudes held by their classmates. We mainly want to study the effect that the interaction of contact, visibility and intrusiveness of the handicap has on their evolution. This work is part of a structural approach of social representations. The purpose is to identify the content and internal structure of social representation, and more particularly the core elements that are the steady part of that structure. Attitudes resulting from social representations have been studied. 549 pupils in the first and second years of junior high school have been interviewed first at the beginning and then at the end of school year (initial social representation and attitudes versus final one). The results showed: 1) That disability is a major element of the otherness' social representation; 2) That the medical aspect is both massively present and central in the social representation of disability; 3) That pupils' reaction towards the inclusive policy and disabled students is clearly positive; 4) That evolution of pupils' social representations and attitudes depends on the interaction between contact, visibility and intrusiveness of the handicap
Borelle, Céline. "Le traitement social de l'autisme : étude sociologique du diagnostic médical." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH002/document.
Full textThe notion of “social treatment” allows considering that autism presents a certain form of reality before being the object of different kinds of practices and knowledge. The notion of “social treatment” is preferred to that of “social construction” to avoid the idea that autism acquires a form of reality only through its social construction. The title's choice traduces a will to take distance from constructivism. All the categories have a social origin insofar as they are based on a socially produced frame, but categorizations are always put to the test of the world's materiality through our experiences. This thesis presupposes that autism's reality is the object of a continual and collective process of reassertion and revision. Why designating autism as a medical diagnosis? It is autism as the object of a human knowledge, which makes of it a socially produced reality, that becomes analyzable by the sociologist. To characterize autism as a medical diagnosis indicates that the purpose of this thesis is to grasp the continual and practical accomplishment of autism's categorization. This thesis relies methodologically on an ethnographical approach, and theoretically on the pragmatic sociology, to propose a sociological study of medical diagnosis from the case of autism. The first part deals with diagnosis as a category and aims at showing how this category is caught in different socio-political stakes. These socio-political stakes are highlighted through distinguishing four dimensions that shape the diagnosis of autism: its institution, its institutionalization, its politicization and its controversy. Theses dimensions permit to understand the stakes that shape diagnosis in the medical world and beyond. This part shows how diagnosis as a category is constructed at the crossroads of several logics that circulate in different worlds, through power relations between different kinds of actors, in a configuration that is likely to evolve over time. The second part deals with diagnosis as a process of qualification. From the observation of an evaluation center specialized in autism diagnosis, this part proposes a sociological analysis of the medical qualification. In this perspective, diagnosis is regarded as an activity, a work that can be traced step by step, and the sociologist is interested in the practices through which diagnosis is locally produced. After situating my work in a pragmatic approach of medical expertise, and proposing an analysis grid of the operation of qualification, this part studies the linkage between the different steps of the diagnostic process. This part allows conceiving diagnosis as a process that is determined by the configuration and the supports of the qualification, and situated in a context characterized by a plurality of diagnostic practices. The third part deals with the practical implications of diagnosis. This part grasps the implications of diagnosis outside of the medical world, in other contexts of action, in the administrative and school worlds. It also highlights the implications of diagnosis on family, through the analysis of the domestic production of care. It proposes to analyze the implications of diagnosis on the ways the child's subjectivity is treated. Eventually, this part underlines a phenomenon of paths dualization, in terms of practical arrangements of care and diagnosis quest, which may be analyzed through different reading grids that do not support the same criticism of social inequalities
Aimar, Damien. "Les compétences des travailleurs dyslexiques : des ressources cachées pour l’organisation ?" Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED027.
Full textWhile the legislation imposes the integration of people with disabilities to French organisations, those people are often perceived as negative organisational resources. In this context, this PhD thesis focuses on determining if dyslexic workers’ can be a positive organisational resource by investigating their potential competencies. This work relies on the life stories of twenty dyslexic workers and sheds light on the process of competencies development in which they engage. The analysis stresses that the dyslexic workers’ neurological configuration influences this process, which in turn creates idiosyncratic competences. The findings emphasise that those competencies have organisational value and that, therefore, those workers are a positive organisational resource. However, it also reveals that some factors, such as the orchestration of resources, tend to make those competences invisible to managers. This myopia participates in making the dyslexic workers hidden resources
Vérétout, Antoine. "Les étudiants en situation de handicap entre l'amont et l'aval : parcours d'accès, expériences, et perspectives professionnelles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0023/document.
Full textFrom the finding of the increase of disabled students in the higher education, this thesis develops two main axes. Firstly, it examines the extent, nature and characteristics of this higher education’s democratization. In a second time, it strives to grasp the several forms of student experience and carrer prospects found out from the exploitation of different surveys. Systematically, the situations and trajectories of the disabled students have been compared to those of their valid counterparts, but also according to the kind of disability.Finally, several conclusions have been drawn. First, the kind of democratization observed is mainly a segregated one : it diffracts situations according to studies and courses followed. Moreover, it causes an important drop out. Secondly, whatever the subject is (connexion to the studies, academic integration, success, sociability), the differences of experiences recorded between disabled and valid students are more in terms of degree than nature. Finally, the student experience is often linked to positive perceptions of the future and to a clear improving of the occupational integration ; in other words, the graduation « pays ». However, the comparative advantages obtained stay lesser than those benefiting to valid students. This double movement (improvement of the situations but persistence of inequalities) often leads to a sense of frustration
Duchein, Courtine Cécile. "Le handicap et les territoires de l'égalité : un regard porté par la géographie critique sur la situation de handicap en contexte de désinstitutionnalisation : étude de cas en plaine du Roussillon (France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0033.
Full textAccessibility, as a way to include disabled people (DP) through mobility, has often largely been taught so far in terms of its sociotechnical aspects and universal design. In this work, we seek to question the vulnerability of DP through the lens of the public action conducted on their behalf. To this end, we choose critical geography as corpus and analyzed in turn the lived, conceived and perceived spaces on the rural study site of the plain of Roussillon (France) with result to reconsider the situation of disability as a spatial liminality situation in horizontality of genders, sexualities, ethnicities and disabilties problematics. This look at deinstitutionalisation, considered as a society model for renewal, leads to reveal the constraints that the appropriation poses on some ecological and socio-economical issues related to resource sharing. Morever, our approach yields a systemic figuration of biopolitical regulation as an analytical and prospective framework for territory ; territory then emerges as a policy concept and project of territory at the foundation of a justice issue. Finally, in collapse context, this work questions the conditions required for living together
Blatgé, Marion. "Apprendre le handicap visuel : la prise en charge de personnes déficientes visuelles par des institutions spécialisées." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010671.
Full textLemahieu, Laura. "De la physique à la pratique physique : la promotion du sport chez les personnes en situation de handicap." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN055.
Full textFrance is preparing to host the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Games, which will take place in Paris. The Paralympic Games are an exceptional opportunity to make the disability community apparent in France. It will convey a strong message that will impact the factors of social and economic integration of disable people. Sports practice is a source of motivation and inspiration for a large number of individuals, which bring benefits for practitioners' physical and psychological health. For professional athletes with disabilities, Paralympics games will be an opportunity to stand out through their physical skills, but also thanks to adapted sports equipment. Actually, paralyzed people are dependent on technological materials to enhance their physical performance. Each piece of equipment must therefore be adapted and optimized for each athlete according to the sport practiced. Motor paralyzed people have particularly important needs in terms of physical and psychological health, which involves to practice a regular physical activity. They must use adapted sports chairs for the discipline they practiced, however advanced technology is often financially inaccessible for non-professional athletes. Thoughtfulness of how to make sport accessible for paralyzed people should be considered. This thesis includes a first sociological part, with a chapter on the history of disability, disabled sports, and on society's views on disability. The second chapter will focus on the benefits of sport practice, leading to a reflection on the accessibility of disabled's sports, particularly on the transfer of advanced sports technology to the disabled people. It will be followed by a questioning on the societal impact of the 2024 Paralympic Games on society. A track is also envisaged around the ethical and philosophical aspects of research for and with disabilities.\\A second technical part aims to improve the athletic chair in order to optimize the performance of disabled athletes. The first chapter presents wheelchair and its sporting variations, while the second chapter details the athletic wheelchair and its physical characteristics to improve. The third chapter includes a study to optimize the rolling resistance of the athletic chair, with a theoretical study analyzing the geometry of the racing chair. The rolling resistance of a wheel is also studied experimentally according to various parameters, such as the camber and the tire's alignment. Finally, three appendices will open up perspectives of our work. The first presents the mounting prototypes and the calibration of the sensor used during our tire rollingresistance experiments. The second appendix concerns a technical device dedicated to adapted sport, the multi-axis balance. The third appendix introduce muscular recovery of the paralyzed motor by functional electrical stimulation
Letz, Géraldine. "Repenser les représentations du handicap au prisme du sport : visibilités, usages et réappropriations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0333.
Full textThis multidisciplinary research explores the mechanisms of the system of representations concerning the figure of the athlete with a visible disability. Since its emergence in the medical field at the end of the Second World War, para-sport has been an indicator of the place of people with disabilities in our society. Initially apart of the hegemonic valid model, Paralympics games are now mega-events of the show business sport, generating symbolic changes that we analyze from 2012 to 2021. Social production and perception of supercrip by mass medias and the general public contain social issues of disabled visibility that go beyond the sport field. The interpretative guides given by the mediatization of disabled athletes influence public view and attitude. They are simplified and operating cultural model that can reach the widest possible audience. Thus, studying the self-building process of representation on the social networks by athletes with disabilities offers an additional change in perspective that completes our exploration. We examined three Instagram accounts of intercultural paralympics French athletes with a nethnographic approach. It showcases a reconfiguration of social links and different ways of self-creation on the Internet. Despite an increasing visibility of disability, the media coverage of the Paralympic Games and the digital identities built on social networks remain within a categorical and normalized logic. To overcome this limit, we have conducted a hybrid and experimental investigation relating to a shared sport practice based on disable-valid mix. With a situated knowledges status, our participative method is a framework of co-practice and co-construction of representations where personal experience and diversity are combined
Segon, Michaël. "Sociologie d’une case à cocher : penser les (dé)limitations des possibles professionnels et compensatoires des anciens « étudiants handicapés » à travers l’analyse de leurs recours à la RQTH." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30097/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on a collection of articles. The subject is about the transitions to employment of young people living with capacity limitations who, having applied for and obtained facilitations during their university studies, have been recognized as "students with disabilities". The sociological analysis focuses on the stakes, during this period, related to the use of the Recognition of the Quality of Handicapped Worker (RQTH): what happens when it comes to choosing whether or not to check this "box" in the "application form" of the Departmental House of Disabled Persons (MDPH)? This research mobilizes data of various kinds (secondary exploitation of a statistical survey, interviews and ad hoc national survey) collected in successive stages.The forms of (non-)use of the RQTH during these transitions to employment seem to offer a fresh perspective on the influences of disability compensation public policies on the trajectories and subjectivities of individuals. The aim was to conduct a "reception of disability policies" sociology (Revillard, 2017) and to understand its effects on the "relationships to working life" (Longo, 2011). How do the professional possibilities and compensatory possibilities articulate themselves? Based on ideal type reasoning, we developed four "navigator" profiles. We use the nautical metaphor to represent individuals in front of their professional perspectives.Our results, first of all, support the idea of the unequal nature of the public policies concerned with disability compensation, which require identity prerequisites that are diverse in the study population. Secondly, there is a paradox here, since policies ultimately seem to get more significant "grips" to individuals who do not recognize themselves in the latter. Finally, we consider that there is a mismatch between the intent of disability policies and the perceptions of disability held by some young people living with capacity limitations
Junker, Rémi. "Déficience auditive et intégration socio-économique : Etude de cas." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H077.
Full textThis questionning of varied facts and opinions dealing with deaf young adults at work or seeking a position mainly relies on a monograph-survey including information collected from 4 different samples (i. E. 325 former students who left a special vocational school between 1967 and 1983, 137 firm managers, supervisory staff members and colleagues of these hearing impaired workers, 48 institutional actors -such as executives belonging to state commissions for disabled people or employment agencies, factory inspectors, labor unionists. . . -and 20 deaf or hearing officers of specific associations for sport, culture or education etc. ). The author raises a systematic apprehension of professional stories which particularly underlines the ways of entering and quitting a job, adapting to technical and relational working conditions and attempting to reach a promotion. These items are investigated from a multi-sided viewpoint. Extra statistical and legal data are concurrently provided whilst a large account of various previous research leads to diagnose a rather complex situation made of social representations added to obvious material contingencies. Emphasis is laid on a major need for achievement of further scientific consideration of the topic that may be run along several suggested approaches
Ndikumasabo, Josias. "Analyse des conceptions et des pratiques des enseignants accueillant des élèves en situation de handicap dans le programme d'"éducation inclusive" au Burundi." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2056/document.
Full textThis thesis aimed to analyze the practices and conceptions of Burundian teachers welcoming students with disabilities (SWD). The empirical questioning that has guided this work is at the heart of institutional and scientific debates on the issue of education for all and associated teaching practices. Two studies were conducted additional. The first study aimed to identify the resources and obstacles to the implementation of inclusive systems in Burundi from the perspective of the actors involved as well as the practices reported by teachers hosting SWD in the classroom. Data collection was carried out using semi-directive interviews (with seven participants) and a questionnaire survey (with 205 teachers). The results show that the practices declared are characterized by a strong "inclusive" valence. On the other hand, the concepts revealed by the survey remain essentially "non-inclusive". The second study was carried out in order to describe and better understand the actual practices of teachers. It was conducted as part of the research programme of the ‘’Course of action’’ (Theureau, 2006), with the aim of characterizing the real practices of in situ teachers. The data collection was carried out with four teachers, two were Physical education teachers and two others in Social Sciences and Humanities (geography and psychology). The results show teaching practices that are emblematic of contrasting ways of managing SWD in the classroom. These two studies make it possible to open up on practical implications in the field of SWD education and to consider concrete ways to enrich the training of Burundian teachers with a view to an effective implementation of inclusive education in Burundi
Le, Clainche-Piel Marie. "Ce que charrie la chair. Approche sociologique de l'émergence des greffes du visage." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH047.
Full textHow has the face become an organ, object of donation and transplantation? Starting from thisquestioning, this thesis invests the environment of those who have carried facial transplantprojects, and those who have debated about them, during the years 2000 and 2010 in Franceand the United Kingdom. It illuminates the social conditions according to which facialtransplantation has been made acceptable, for transplanted patients and surgical teams, organdonation coordinators and relatives of deceased donors who allow the retrieval. The enquiryinvolved an in-depth investment of the whole chain of transplantation, based on the collectionof archives (scientific, institutional, media), on conducting interviews (with surgeons, patients,organ donation and medical regulation’s actors, members of associations of disfigured people),as well as doing an ethnography of hospital services that carry out these operations (from theoperating rooms to the service meetings). By closely following these actors, the surveyilluminates the tensions that experimentation reveals in its passage.This research addresses face transplant as an object that articulates questions at the crossroadsof institutions, social movements and experiences of donation. Face transplant upsets, first ofall, the claims of the surgeons to self-regulate. The confrontation of surgical teams with healthand ethical institutions, which evaluate the appropriateness of this experiment, reveals distinctrelationships to medical objectivity and to the supervision of hospital practices. The emergenceof face transplant, then, poses a challenge to the collectives of disfigured people who oscillatebetween support for medical progress and denunciation of surgery as oppression. The reactionsof the French and English associations are indicative of distinct conceptions of disfigurement,and help to shape the trajectory of face transplant. Lastly, face transplant questions the socialconditions of the dead bodies' availability and the tensions at work in the reception of ananonymous donation of organs. Transplanted patients are subject to a double constraint that canbe experienced as contradictory: on the one hand, that of thanking the donor, on the other, thatof forgetting the donor in order to accept the transplant. The thesis thus reveals theheterogeneous – and at the same time coherent – assembly of these levels of analysis, which isat stake every time a body part is transferred from one person to another. It illuminates, in otherwords, what the flesh carries
Garcia, Véronique. "Le rapport au travail chez les personnes qui vivent une situation de handicap dans un cadre de travail non compétitif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34658.
Full textPaid work offers much more to workers than a salary. It affords them a status and legitimacy. It is also linked to their participation to social life as well as to their physical and psychological wellbeing. However, access to work is one of the main obstacles faced by people living with disabilities. In the province of Quebec, there are different measures devised to attenuate this problem. In this master’s thesis, we analyze one of them: non-competitive work. Based upon the work of Mercure and Vultur (2010) and using the sociological concept of work ethos inherited from Max Weber, we strived to understand what motivates people with disabilities to take part in this particular type of work. The objectives of this research are to delimit: 1) the life trajectories of these workers and the impact on their work ethos, 2) what are regular work and non-competitive work for them, 3) the “centrality” and “finality” which is given to work by the participants as well as their views on managerial norms, 4) the similarities and differences of their work ethos when compared to the ones presented in different studies, and finally 5) whether the types of ethos developed by Mercure and Vultur apply to non-competitive workers. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with 13 noncompetitive workers from the Capitale-Nationale region. The results show particularities regarding the meaning given to work by the respondents. This meaning is coloured by their professional and personal histories. We also observe that even though it is possible to assign a type of ethos to each respondent, these workers all express characteristics typical of many types of ethos.
Issanchou, Damien. "Une indicible monstruosité : étude de cas de la contreverse médiatique autour d'Oscar Pistorius (2007-2012 en France) (2007-2012 en France)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100040/document.
Full textSport is acknowledged, by an increasing number of sociologists, as an heuristic way to understand contemporary societies. During year 2007, sports institution was faced up to a particular situation. Indeed, Oscar Pistorius, a double legs amputated athlete with artificial lower limbs, takes part in « able bodied » competitions (international athletics meetings). The singularity of this situation causes media covered controversies regarding legitimacy of his involvement. The study of this case, based on a « pragmatic » approach, highlighting what those controversies show from sport in contemporary societies.The analysis of media speeches about Pistorius reveals that this athlete poses a sports categorization problem. Indeed, on the one hand, the performances he produces distinguishes between him and « disabled athlete » category and seems to allow to put him in the « able bodied » one. But, on the other hand, his artificial limbs prevent from validating this sports classification. Despite the verdict of the Court of Arbitration for Sport which autorises him to take part in all athletics competitions, the persistence of controversies shows that Pistorius’ situation gives a breach of sports understandability. Then, this situation has to be understood like a monstrousness, in the Foucaldian sense of the word, because it messes up the required definitions to think sport. Challenging sports institution basis, thus the disputed pistorius’ situation reveals the way in which sport sets athletes in order. More exactly, this monstrousness proves sport inability to take charge of the efficient fited bodies radical difference
Lucas, Bernard. "L' accès au droit des personnes en situation de handicap et aux limites de l’exclusion : le paradigme de l’intégration socioprofessionnelle." Paris 10, 2008. http://sidnomade.grenet.fr/login?url=https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782706124556.
Full textThe makings of a just society depend on the development of inclusive policies for all and in particular for disabled workers. The degree of socio-professional integration of such workers relates to the principle of non-discrimination and within France remains low. Within this thesis three main hypotheses are advanced, tested empirically and examined critically in relation to disabled workers. The first hypothesis is linked to the identification and possible conflict of ideal types underlying disability policy texts and practice. The second hypothesis explores whether the allocation of different types of allowances in itself does not have a determining effect on the degree of exclusion experienced by people with disabilities. The third hypothesis explores the dilemma in which disabled people find themselves when confronted with the call to integrate in a hostile climate characterised by norms of production. The author concludes that there is a risk that many disabled workers will find themselves increasingly excluded due to economic factors and suggests that in order to respect their life choices there will be an increasing need to provide appropriate human and financial support to favour independent living and working in the mainstream environment
Ntsama, Rosine. "La famille camerounaise entre tradition et modernité : aspirations et représentations familiales de l’enfant handicapé." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H016.
Full textThis thesis in general approaches the evolution of the family in the African context and in Republic of Cameroun in particular through the handicap. The family cannot manage the handicap in the private sphere any more. The structural change noted through the aspirations and of the social representations of the actors on the management of the handicap causes institutional reforms. Thus, the handicap from its aspirations creates a social dynamics then allowing the cohabitation and the coexistence of the two systems of assumption of responsibility knowing: “tradition and modernity”. One sees the family transferring the problems from the handicap of the sphere deprived to the public sphere which is the State. The situational analysis carried out in the ten regional areas of Cameroun made it possible to understand the implementation of the social practices for the autonomy and the blooming of the handicapped people. Thus, the management of the assumption of responsibility of the handicapped people introduces a process of modernization. Contradictions and ambivalences observed in addition translate the complexity which generates a type of contemporaneity. The social construction of the State leaves believe that this one cannot manage the handicap without the collaboration of the families. The family thus becomes a partner of the State in the social treatment of the handicapped person. This research undertakes to understand how the family as an institution of socialization and vector of social cohesion translates the complexity of her social reality to cause social transformations through the assumption of responsibility of the handicapped people
Ginsberg, Frederik. "Les effets automatiques de l'activation du stéréotype associé aux personnes en situation de handicap sur les performances de motricité fine." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804204.
Full textZirari, Sara. "Le management des associations sous le prisme de la justice sociale : comment recruter et gérer avec les personnes en situation de handicap dans une perspective de réduction des injustices sociales et symboliques ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01E009.
Full textNon-profit organizations in the field of disability are evolving at the heart of a social movement that brings together three phenomena: a paradigm shift (Degener, 2017) operated on disability now defined as a limitation of participation in social life; a new conception of social justice that aims at the equalization of capabilities (Nussbaum, 2007, 2012) and the recognition of citizens as full partners in social interaction (Fraser, 2005, 2011); and the introduction of values in organizational practices, particularly in organizations of the social and solidarity economy (De Vaujany et al. , 2016; Eynaud and França Filho, 2019). This descriptive (Dumez, 2021) and interpretive (Moscarola, 2018) dissertation proposes to analyze two social innovations through the lens of Martha Nussbaum's (2007, 2012) capability approach and Nancy Fraser's (2005, 2011) recognition perspective. The research design adopted is a method composed with the field in the spirit of the work of Moriceau and Soparnot (2019). Through the analysis of a participatory recruitment conducted with the residents of a specialized nursing home and a mutual aid group governed and co-managed by its members, the thesis explores how management can contribute to reducing the social and symbolic injustices suffered by people with physical or mental disabilities. The results of the research show that the inclusion of people with disabilities in the management and recruitment process allows for the development of their internal and combined abilities, equalizes their status with professionals and brings more recognition, thus contributing to their social participation and self-determination
Jaubert, Guillaume. "L’invention de la gouvernance managériale des associations-gestionnaires du secteur du handicap : une approche sociohistorique de la construction d’un modèle institutionnel." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30084/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to describe, from a sociohistorical perspective, the development of the institutional model of the large managing association in the disability sector. The thesis statement is to report on the origin and stabilisation of the governance in these entities.Managing associations are often depicted as sorts of collective actions hesitating between the ideal model of the association and the ideal model of the enterprise. Two competing and antagonistic theoretical corpora are fighting over the legitimacy of governance issues analysis. The theories of social and solidarity economy regard the association as a specific governance system in contradiction with the corporate one. According to these theories, associative governance aims to protect associations from economic and managerial approaches likely to destroy their specific character. The second corpus of governance theories, primarily focused on the enterprise, considers that the organisations with the most efficient governance systems are the only lasting ones. In the light of these two corpora, the thesis aims to report on the emergence of managerial governance in large managing associations in the disability sector.As regards the method, the thesis is based on a comprehensive analysis of two longitudinal case studies. Two managing associations – the ADAPEI du Rhône and the OVE – both of large size (annual budgets in the range of EUR 100m and gathering each about 150 professionals) – were chosen for the case studies. The analytical method, based on “historical monographs”, included several phases: (1) archive analysis (about 1,000 pages of notes on these archives); (2) semi-structured interviews conducted with internal stakeholders (43 semi-structured interviews); and (3) additional interviews conducted with partners (55 semi-structured interviews with public authorities, other associations, etc.).This thesis calls into question the relevance of the theories of social and solidarity economy when it comes to associative governance. Regardless of the original values promoted by the studied organisations, these achieve their associative projects by advocating for the establishment and management of care facilities for people with disabilities, and they actively participate in the development of a full-fledged economic sector.Management structuring and professionalization processes, deployed internally by the entities’ activist authorities, introduce the first management tools. Managing directors, who gradually formalise the governance of the associations, contribute to the strengthening and reaffirmation of associative projects. The implementation of governance principles offers better protection against the appropriation of power by a small group of volunteers, and it also allows the application of a cognitive governance, which facilitates discussions on major strategic focuses between managers.The historical study of the governance of managing associations breaks with the theories of social and solidarity economy, which support an opposition between a first “golden age”, based on a “heroic” solidarity from a few activists, and the age of efficiency, where associations are considered as simple economical organisations void of heart and morals
Bourguignon, Abigail. "Bien parler. Les bègues entre stigmate linguistique et travail de la parole." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0034.
Full textAt the crossroads between the sociology of socialization, sociology of health, and ethnography of language practices, this doctoral research draws on the example of a form of linguistic stigma – stuttering – to focus on the social shaping of ‟speaking well”. Based on a 6-year multi-site field study in the Paris area, the Hauts-de-France region and Reunion Island, the methodology combines in-depth interviews, direct observation and historical sources in order to unveil the sociogenesis of the ways in which adults and children who stutter speak, stand and think, and to situate them in the history of scholarly explanations and professionals in charge of language rehabilitation. How and why do certain language practices and dispositions that deviate from the social norm of ‟speaking well” take shape and change, regarding both persons who stutter, and their relatives? How do speech therapists, as speech professionals, participate in these socializing processes, which are embedded in class, gender and age relationships? This research investigates the relational and interactional dimensions of stuttering, namely the concrete modalities of its management and concealment as a stigma, historicizing the analysis of the institutional frameworks of rehabilitation. It also studies the dispositional work to which the deviant speech is subjected in speech therapy practices. In doing so, this ethnographic research shows how ‟speaking well” is internalized, or sometimes contested, in different ways depending on the stutterers’ social positions and dispositions. It also sheds light on the processes by which children try to escape the stigma – something that parents and speech therapists are watching out for – and later, in adulthood, attempt to bypass it
Schianchi, Matteo. "La dette symbolique. Une étude d’histoire de l’infirmité (Milan, 1860-1915)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0177/document.
Full textThis research deals with the topic of infirmity as a historical subject matter and for analysis. The age and the field chosen are an opportunity to analyze the sedimentation and renewal of some mechanisms based on the inferiorization of the infirm. The life and social paths of individuals from different social backgrounds are a means of understanding some dynamics, which has led me to formulate the concept of symbolic debt. Inspired by P. Bourdieu’s theory of sociology and his concept of symbolic violence, this idea is a useful tool to help understand the long history of social and imaginary conceptions that inferiorize an invalid through a mechanism of reversal of causes and effects. It is not the physical corporeal deficit which produces this inferiorization, but it is this inferiorizing vision that reads the physical data by decreeing the statute of inferiority of the individual. This social qualification seeks and finds reasons justifying it in the corporeal objectivity of the infirm.In the second part, we are faced with certain mechanisms, between practices and speech, which put us in front of the long history and the renewal of these plans of thought and action. At first, a number of cases of dispensation for irregularities by physical defect. The priest, who has to submit himselft because of his infirmity, becomes unworthy and irregular in the exercise of his ministry. The religious construction of the infirmity is also analyzed from the pastoral medicine, the discipline of the program of training of the priests, as well as from the theological elaboration. The silences which surround the individuals cause incidents within the industrial system, together with the opaqueness and the insufficiency of the development of the devices which should supply the first form of repair, establish, during the chosen historic period, new forms which contribute to the inferiorization of the status of the infirm.The third part is concerned with the analysis of certain discursive practices with a strong power to build public opinion and an image of the infirm: the chronicles of a daily paper and a corpus of more than a hundred literary texts. In conclusion, it raises again the question of the construction of the object of research within the study of disability, a field very articulated, very conflicting and strongly oriented toward action and involvement
Cuenot, Marie. "Performances physiques et compétences sociales : des participations héroïsées : étude exploratoire de la mise en scène du handicap dans les séries animées télévisées pour enfants (France, 1990-2010)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100185.
Full textWithin contemporary modernity, media stand as a fundamental source of knowledge for individuals. This research has been conducted to analyze disability related content in a corpus comprising children animated television series. Eight characters with a chronic limitation, i.e. not being able to walk or not being able to see, have been identified within eighty-four episodes from seven series coproduced in France during the period 1990-2010 (Les Pastagums, Atout 5, Foot2Rue, Les Minijusticiers, Titeuf, Bali, Milo). They have been observed through the successive situations they appear in, the problems they encounter and the proposed solutions. They are mainly boys using a wheelchair and involved in physical activities. Most of them are treated differently in comparison to other characters in the same social virtual worlds and are portrayed through heroized participation, either as a supercrip or as a superhero. They are both physically powerful and socially skilled. Such treatment contains the frozen remains of a normative injunction of performance as a legitimate and hegemonic modality with respect to participation, the construction of self and social relations
Maurice, Sarah. "Accompagnement de la vie relationnelle, affective et sexuelle des personnes en situation de handicap : regards croisés Franche-Comté - Suisse Romande." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC019/document.
Full textToday, the development of rights for the disabled, guarantees that their needs and expectations are met in a singular manner. Associations are mobilised so that their relational, emotional and sexual life may be recognised during their accompaniment within medico-social establishments and departments. This dimension, present in the heart of the intimate, includes numerous challenges. The individual’s protection must be ensured, just in the same way as their autonomy. Moreover, daily proximity between the various actors involved must be followed through by permanent questioning. Beneficiaries, professionals and families sometimes find themselves in complex, paradoxical situations, solved thanks to various regulating mechanisms. Today, the modalities involved figure within inclusive logic and are being developed in coherence with the law, ethics and the different actors’ means. There are action levers, reinforcing the empowerment and skills of all the parties implied. The comparative approach used here results in an analysis of existing and innovative practice in Franche-Comté (France), as well as in French-speaking Switzerland. This research, carried out within the scope of a regional Doctorate contract, rests on an interactional paradigm and is based on various different disciplines. This work mobilises several techniques, with a view to collecting data (interviews, questionnaires and observation) and proposes a number of recommendations
Beyrie, Adeline. "Des frontières du corps aux frontières de l'identité : l'expérience d'une vie au quotidien avec des incapacités motrices majeures." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904373.
Full textBorelle, Celine. "Le traitement social de l'autisme : étude sociologique du diagnostic médical." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965350.
Full textDoé, Marion. "De l'autonomie dans la dépendance : enquête sociologique sur la parentalité aveugle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0148.
Full textIn response to the difficulties faced by people with disabilities in accessing emotional and parental life, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, Article 23 of which urges states to combat discrimination in relation to marriage, family life and parenthood. In France, the 2005 law on equal rights and opportunities, participation and citizenship for people with disabilities does not take this part of their lives into account. It was only in 2010 that the Convention came into force in France, and in 2021 it will make it possible to obtain the right to compensation for disability in the context of parenting.This thesis focuses on the experiences of visually impaired, blind and partially sighted people as parents. It aims to deconstruct the representations associated with the passive and vulnerable status commonly associated with the experience of blindness in order to make blind people parents responsible for the well-being of their child(ren).Assuming the sensitive origin of this research, I used a methodology based on my personal and institutional experience as a blind mother. The ethnography is based on interviews with visually impaired mothers (22) and fathers (11), as well as with professionals (7) at a centre dedicated to supporting parenthood for people with disabilities. I also carried out an eight-month observation in this centre, assuming the dual status of interviewer and blind mother, a beneficiary of the centre. Finally, I analysed peer exchanges in two closed online groups for blind parents, each lasting one year.At the intersection of feminist studies, the ethics of care and disability studies, the thesis renews the way we approach disabled people by considering them not only in terms of their status as care recipients but also as care givers, bringing together different definitions of the notion of autonomy. My handifeminist position takes the objectivity of visual impairment and links it to the socially constructed dimensions of disability in order to consider the ways in which care is made possible despite visual difficulties. In order to be able to provide care, parents have to do extra work on the disability itself and on their social and relational environment. The thesis shows that blind parents use a variety of tactics to cope with their role without sight. Mothers who are particularly socially disqualified in terms of their ability to provide care often show a high degree of creativity and reflexivity. And although it is not always possible to compensate for the disability, parents do not remain passive when the environment hinders them or when they have to use aids to carry out their parenting tasks
Nayak, Lucie. "Sexualité et handicap mental : enquête sur le traitement social de la sexualité des personnes désignées comme « handicapées mentales » en France et en Suisse." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100076/document.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is to study the social construction of the sexuality of people labelled as « intellectually disabled » in Switzerland and in France by means of a qualitative survey realized through interviews with persons considered as « intellectually disabled », parents, specialized educators and sexual assistants.A first part deals with the analysis of the representations of persons labelled as « intellectually disabled » regarding sexuality and with bringing to light the forms of their sexual life, often commented but still unexplored. The second part aims at analyzing the institutional and parental representations and practices towards the sexuality of people considered as « intellectually disabled » in the current context of « sexual health ». Finally, the third part of this dissertation studies the recent activity of sexual assistance in Switzerland.By mobilizing intellectual disability and sexuality together, this research aims at analyzing how the different categories of actors implied in accompanying « intellectually disabled» people in their sexuality co-build the norms that govern their sexual life. It aims at proposing a complete study of the social treatment of their sexuality and the logics that underlie them
Tchirkov, Vitaly. "Déterminants du handicap moteur en République de Guinée : causes et conséquences des déficiences des membres inférieurs chez les habitants de Conakry." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG014.
Full textWhile dealing with the context of the developing countries, the notion of handicap is characterized in a specific way. We carried out our study in the Republic of Guinea, particularly related to the problems of the handicap, more specifically with the disability of inferior members. The main objectives of this research consist in explaining the causes and the consequences of the ascendancy of this type of deficiencies in Conakry. Furthermore, among the other problems analyzed in this work, we are interested in the representations which reflect the handicaps and the influence of traditional and religious beliefs on handicap. Our work is aimed to present the current conditions of the situation and to carry out a significant work on the site. In this framework, we organized two surveys during 2008 and 2009, dealing with approximately 1000 persons. According to our results, the main cause of the deficiencies of lower limbs is associated to the aftereffects of the poliomyelitis and to the presence of the other risk factors, such as the lack of safety on the roads. Furthermore, according to our analyses, about 80 % of the people questioned, belonged to the rural depopulation. Once installed in Conakry, they opt for three modes of subsistence: the practice of begging (48 %), working (16 %) and the family care (18 %). Moreover, each mode seems to determine the participation and the integration of these individuals in the society. Finally, our results show that nearly half of the Guineans believe in the witchcraft and in the malefic nature of the handicaps. Consequently, the faith influences negatively on the interpretation of the handicaps. To conclude, according to our analyses, the majority of the Guineans agrees to define the handicap as a biomedical phenomenon and considers it as an individual and not a social problem
Godet-Montalescot, Sophie. "Handicap et éducation : analyse sociologique de l'activité des Commissions départementales d'éducation spéciale." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H061.
Full textTant, Maxime. "Inclusion en Education Physique et Sportive des élèves en situation de handicap. Mise en évidence d'un système inclusif en trois stades distincts chez les enseignants d'EPS français." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998934.
Full textMontcharmont, Laurence. "Approche sociologique de la scolarisation et de l'insertion professionnelle des étudiants handicapés." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/NANCY2/doc202/2001NAN21003.pdf.
Full textAs our study is concerned with a population known as "handicapped" it was appropriate to analyse the notion of handicap. We showed that the term was not precise. This lack of precision entails pernicious effects : thus some measures meant for individuals officially recognized as handicapped are sometimes applied to people who were up to then not considered as such. Indeed situations in which a handicap is involved vary widely as was shown all along as we hammered out our own definition of handicap. Because the word handicap is polysemous, it is difficult to point to the population concerned and consequently count them. We come up against the same problem with handicapped persons who are in Higher Education. Nevertheless the annual enquiry of the Ministère de l'Education Nationale about Higher Education institutions allows us to give an estimate. The enquiry also shows the increase in the number of students involved. We did our best to study the evolution in Nancy University by means of an enquiry which was conducted among disabled students from 1964 to 1995. We indicated the reasons why that population increased despite the fact they experienced more or less important difficulties resulting from their disabilities. Among these reasons we underlined the implementation of different kinds of measures aimed at helping along young disabled persons in their schooling and in their Higher Education and of course their hope to get a job in the end. In spite of these measures we noticed that the acceptance of disabled persons in ordinary schools or a professional environment remained inadequate. We looked for the reasons. It led us to ask ourselves if Higher Studies might pave the way for disabled students to a job
Blanc, Alain. "Les handicapés au travail : analyse sociologique d'un dispositif d'insertion professionnelle." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE2A003.
Full textLehoux-Fleury, Catherine. "L'influence de la reconnaissance sur la puissance d'agir : une approche biographique de personnes en situation de vulnérabilité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD085/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis studies the mechanisms which play a role in the development of the empowerment of people in a vulnerable situation. To this end, we base our approach on previous works in sociology, philosophy, linguistics, and also on our professional experiences in the socio-educative area which allowed us to collect testimonies of social workers and their patients.The author thus proceeded to twelve conversational exchanges with people with disabilities or in situations of precariousness. These exchanges are transcribed into an annex, which constitutes the second volume of this thesis, while the first volume provides their analysis via biographical research tools (socianalysis stemming from institutional analysis, analysis via Walter R. Heinz's categories : an analysis framework adapted by Christine Delory-Momberger). What is more, our experience is summarized and analyzed here via a professional investigation narrative account. We also show how a « Third Place » (a group of exchanges of practices) was used in order to, to quote Edgar Morin, « unfold the complexity » of the biographical approach and of the issue of the researcher’s implication.The entanglements between empowerment and social recognition are here embodied, in this research, by each person we interviewed. On this occasion, we revisit in particular some thoughts by Blaise Pascal, Hegel, Hannah Arendt, and the works of Paul Ricoeur, Axel Honneth, and Emmanuel Renault. This theoretical approach is accompanied by two concrete interactions with the CPAM (the main institution of the French Health System) and a group home for people with disabilities : We illustrate how, via the junction of our university point of view and our sensibility as a social worker, we have been able to convince these two institutions to adapt their approach and their perspectives
Poirier, Daphnée. "La dialectique de l'identité sourde : entre culture et handicap /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24173967.
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