Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Handicapés – Orientation et mobilité'
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Gharebaghi, Amin. "Évaluation et la représentation spatiotemporelle de l'accessibilité des réseaux piétonniers pour le déplacement des personnes à mobilité réduite." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33486.
Full textMobility of people with motor disabilities (PWMD) plays a significant role in their social inclusion. PWMD need to move around autonomously to perform their daily routines such as going to school, work, shopping, and going to fitness centers. However, mostly these needs are not accomplished because of either limitations concerning their capabilities or inadequate city design. Indeed, mobility is a human life habit, which is the result of interactions between people and their surrounded environments. In recent years, assistive technologies have been increasingly developed to enable PWMD to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. In particular, these technologies provide a variety of features that allow these individuals to overcome diverse obstacles that reduce their mobility and contribute to their social exclusion. However, despite increasing availability of assistive technologies for navigation and mobility, their potential is poorly exploited for PWMD. Indeed, these technologies do not fully consider the human-environment interactions. The overall goal of this dissertation is to benefit from the potentials of methods and technologies of the Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) in order to overcome the mobility issues of PWMD by creating an accessibility-assessing framework and ultimately by developing a personalized routing approach, which better considers the humanenvironment interaction. To achieve this goal, four specific objectives were followed: 1) develop a mobility ontology for PWMD that considers personal factors as well as environmental factors, 2) propose a method to evaluate the accessibility of the pedestrian network for the mobility of PWMD considering the interactions between human factors (confidence) and the environmental factors, 3) study of the role of social factors in the accessibility of urban areas, and finally, 4) refine the existing algorithms to calculate accessible routes for PWMD considering their profile. First, to develop an adapted ontology for mobility of the PWMD, the social dimension of the environment with the physical dimension were integrated and a new approach based on a “Nature-Development” perspective was presented. This perspective led to the development of useful ontologies, especially for defining the relationships between the social and physical parts of the environment. Next, a confidence-based approach was developed for evaluation of the accessibility of pedestrian network considering the interaction between personal factors and environmental factors for the mobility of PWMD. In addition, the role of policy actions on the accessibility of the pedestrian network was investigated and the influence of three potential policies was analyzed. Finally, a novel approach to compute personalized routes for PWMD considering their perception, preferences, and confidences was proposed. The approaches proposed were implemented in the Saint-Roch area of Quebec City and visualized within the multimodal mobile assistive technology (MobiliSIG) application
Lemay, Valérie. "Étude des déterminants de la mobilité en fauteuil roulant manuel et leur association avec la participation sociale d'usagers expérimentés ayant une lésion de la moelle épinière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28454/28454.pdf.
Full textMotaouakal, Mohamed. "Vers l'automatisation de la mise à jour des bases de données spatio-temporelles d'aide à la navigation : cas d'une base de données pour la navigation des personnes à mobilité réduite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27900.
Full textViger, Marlène. "L'utilisation des couleurs vives ou du contraste noir/blanc : impact sur les activités de la vie quotidienne chez les adultes présentant une atteinte du champ visuel périphérique et central." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23689/23689.pdf.
Full textThis master's thesis examines the question of how to maximize the potential vision of individuals with a visual impairment, by modifying their environment. Objectives were to document the time taken to complete daily tasks for individuals with a loss of peripheral vision (retinitis pigmentosa/RP) and with a loss of the central field of vision (macular degeneration/MD) by colouring the environment and, by providing a black and white environment. Two groups (15 RP and 15 MD) carried out nine everyday tasks in three environments (not adapted; black and white; coloured). Both groups took significantly longer to carry out these tasks, compared to the sighted, irrespective of the environment. However, the participants with RP were faster in the coloured environment compared to the other two environments. These results may allow the clinicians to better justify their choice of presentation environment when adapting activities for their clients.
Dejoux, Virginie. "Situation de handicap lors des déplacements : caractéristiques individuelles, pratiques de mobilité, environnement physique et social." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010627.
Full textMignonac, Karim. "La disposition des ingénieurs et des cadres envers la mobilité interne : contribution à l' étude des déterminants." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10054.
Full textThis research aims at understanding engineer' s and managers' willingness to accept intraorganisational mobility by using a wide array of explanatory variables and taking into account a variety of professional, geographical and hierarchical mobility opportunities
Arnoux-Nicolas, Caroline. "Sens du travail et mobilité professionnelle : [« La mobilité signifiante »]." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1005.
Full textIn the context of uncertainty in our contemporary society, guidance issues relate more to those of the "meaning" (Bernaud, 2014). The nature of careers is modified, characterized by many changes and ruptures (Savickas and Pouyaud, in press). Despite the conceptualization and the measurement of the meaning of work being the subject of a growing scientific literature, little research has been conducted on its relationship with life events. This thesis aims to analyze the relationships between the meaning of work and career changes. The first part of our results is devoted to the validation of a psychometric instrument among French workers for assessing meaning of work (IST – Inventaire du Sens du Travail). The second part of overall results shows significant reciprocal links between the meaning of work and career changes, through three separate studies. An initial exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with administrative staff, aims to better understand how the individual constructs meaning after an employment change. In the framework of a second quantitative study conducted with 501 administrative staff working in French universities, hierarchical regression analyzes indicate that personality and subjective indicators of professional mobility explain respectively 17% and 21% of the variance of the meaning of work. These results specifically highlight the importance of the individual's perception of the experienced career change in the understanding of the meaning of work. A third quantitative study with a sample of 336 employees working in diversified professional fields, shows the influence of the meaning of work on withdrawal intentions, as well as the role of mediator of the meaning of work between job dissatisfaction factors and the withdrawal intentions. Based on our literature review and results, we propose a dynamic model of the meaning of work as well as a model of a “meaningful” career change, that is to say, in reciprocal interaction with the meaning of work
Morvan, Jean-Sébastien. "Représentations des situations de handicaps et d'inadaptations chez les éducateurs spécialisés, les assistants de service social, les instituteurs spécialisés en formation." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN1029.
Full textConnier, Jean. "Conception et réalisation d'un système multi-fonctionnel d'aide à la mobilité pour personnes mavoyantes et aveugles." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC097.
Full textVisual impairment and blindness are sources of mobility difficulties for the affected people. In orderto lighten the burden of these difficulties, many mobility aids have been imagined, designed, tested, and more or less adopted. Designers of such assistive systems soon run into the complexity of the issue, which stands at the intersection of three domains that are, by themselves, complex: visual impairment, mobility, and perception.Having decided to design an electronic assistive system from the beginning, we tried to step back and analyzed a wide range of blind aids: white canes, mobile electronic devices serving different mobility purposes, urban systems, and systems not primarily designed for mobility. Their diversity helped us analyze assistive systems through several prisms: according to their technical characteristics, their functions, their shape, and their dependence to an infrastructure. Taken individually, each of these approaches quickly shows its limits, but, together, they draw an interesting portrait of the existing devices. Besides these rather classical approaches, we propose a new model for analyzing assistive systems, which relies on the way these systems take place in a person's perception / mobility process. This model has the advantages of being, a priori, relevant forall assistive systems – in spite of their dissimilarity – and meaningful for both evaluation and classification.We have designed and built an electronic mobility aid, called the 2SEES system. Like its predecessor, the SEES system, the 2SEES relies on three platforms: a smart cane, a smartphone, anda cloud computing back-end. The issues of energy consumption and geographical universality, essential for any mobile device, are made explicit and studied. A novelty of the 2SEES resides in its account of reliability issues ; it is thus designed around the complex equilibrium between energy consumption, universality, and reliability. Despite their importance in a system destined to be adopted by end users, these three notions are scarcely visible in the relevant literature.To concurrently enhance robustness and autonomy, we have integrated several sensors and processors in the smart cane, both by introducing redundancy, for fault tolerance, and by integratingheterogeneous sensors, for robustness against the diversity of environments.Two aspects of this equilibrium have been further studied. First, the need for robustness has been highlighted by a study of affinities between obstacle sensors and several types of potential obstacle materials. Secondly, we have tried to develop an energy-efficient indoor localization function that islittle dependent on infrastructures, and therefore easily scalable. This function works with embedded sensors (wheel encoder, inertial measurement unit) and a simplified particle filter, which estimates the position by checking the coherence of trajectories derived from sensor data against themap of the location.In addition to this work on the balance between robustness, energy consumption, and universality, we have developed a novel function, named SO2SEES, which allows communication between usersof the 2SEES and smart objects. This function enables users to ask, in natural language, questions tothe 2SEES, which are answered using information coming from surrounding smart objects. In orderto keep the system simple, users do not formulate their own questions, but are instead invited to pick them in a set of predefined questions, which are proposed by the system according to the nearby objects and the information they offer. This mode of operation shifts the system from a natural language processing artificial intelligence to an expert system working on dynamic and distributed knowledge bases. In this latter configuration, the main issue is the interoperability between the 2SEES and the smart objects and their back-ends that take part in the functionality
Quinson, François. "Quitter la classe : la mobilité professionnelle en cours de carrière des enseignants du premier degré, épreuve cruciale individuelle et analyseur du groupe professionnel." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/quinson_f.
Full textCesarano, Valentina Paola. "Le potentiel d'employabilité des jeunes adultes handicapés en Campanie : négociation entre obstacles et ressources." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100002/document.
Full textIt is necessary, at the international level, to form functional skills to the demands of life and work, in terms of: the ability to solve problems, to take autonomous and flexible initiatives, to mobilize knowledge for Manage complex situations and solve problems. At the centre of a good employability of the person, are self-directed skills (thinking and consciously choosing one's own future), both those of planning and redrawing oneself (life design). In the field of employability, the meeting of young people with disabilities and the world of work is difficult, because of the persistence of stereotypes and stigmas, as well as the lack of a real political and systemic will to apply and make comply with the regulations. It is therefore necessary to explore the construction of employability not only from a theoretical point of view, but also through the perception that young adults with disabilities have their employability in order to implement training and advice to explore skills related to the employability of all young adults, from an inclusive perspective. A empirical-descriptive exploratory research has been chosen. In particular, the tool developed by the IISFOL/INAPP and computerized by the technology Section of the SInAPSi University Centre was used to explore the employability potential of young adults with disabilities in Campania (18-30 years). It was also chosen to explore, through semi-structured interviews, the history and professional project of 20 young disabled Campani. With regard to the data analysis methodology, the use of the NVIVO software (Richards, 1999) is foreseen for the qualitative analysis of all interviews and the use of SPSS software to perform descriptive analyses of the data Collected. Young persons with disabilities who participated in the study have a potential for employability Moderately low employability and report difficulties in the design of their professional project. The qualitative analysis confirmed this difficulty and frame the professional project in terms of reorienting oneself between resources and barriers
Latron-Gorsse, Alexandra. "Le vécu psychologique des adolescents déficients sensoriels : estime de soi, sentiment d'intégration, stress, stratégies de coping et orientation de soi chez les adolescents déficients auditifs ou visuels." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20009.
Full textThis research studies the impact of a sensory deficiency (auditory or visual) from birth or very precociously on different psychological variables to know the esteem of oneself, the feeling of integration, the stress, the strategies of coping and the orientation of oneself. Our results indicate that the sensory deficient teenagers present a social emotional self and an esteem of themselves weaker than their peers witnesses. Otherwise, the sensory deficient teenagers feel less integrated with the peers and globally that their peers witnesses. However, the teenagers witnesses feel more physical unrests and psychic of stress facing a difficult situation. Thus, the sensory deficient teenagers control more often than the witness group, the situations judged menacing for their psychological well-being. The results finally indicate that the teenagers whoever they are elaborate some projects as well as in their life than professionally
Vechambre, Cyril. "Mémoire de forme et matériaux à base d'amidon : propriétés et mécanismes impliqués." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4c6af3be-d8c6-4bfd-8995-6a4d3bbe640a.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to characterize the shape memory effect in extruded starch-based materials and to understand the related structure implicated in this particular effect. The shape memory performances of thermoplastic starch are very similar to those of most synthetic polymers, with for optimized conditions, a fixity about 98%, a shape recovery of 95% and a recovery stress close to 3MPa. Moreover, the shape change of starch-based materials can be triggered by both humidity and temperature. Synchrotron radiation polarized infrared microspectroscopy and wide angle x-ray scattering experiments evidence a orientation of amorphous segments and the presence of a local order constituted of helical fragments. This local order allow chains orientation without slippage. Shape recovery stimulated at the glass transition lead to a isotropic state. It has been shown that the deformation induce the formation of residual stresses, linearly dependent on the orientation of the amorphous chains. In the temporary shape a lower molecular mobility is observed. This lower mobility can results from the formation of a secondary network, created during the deformation and seems to be due to hydrogen bonds. The results are discussed in terms of usual mechanisms proposed for shape memory synthetic polymers
Boutorabi, Tafazzoli Tahereh. "L'accès des jeunes filles à l'Université en Iran et leur orientation : essai sur la mobilité sociale des femmes iraniennes." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2024.
Full textMosquera, Varela Anderson Fabian. "Approche territoriale d’une gestion dynamique et multidimensionnelle de l’orientation des personnes en situation de handicap : D’une orientation handicap-établissement à une orientation besoins-prestations." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI050.
Full textThe medico-social sector in France is a sector that help and support people in vulnerable situation. This sector concerns in particular people with disabilities (PWD). Depending on the disability, PWH may require adapted medico-social support that helps them living almost like any other person. Different social and medico-social institutions (SMSI) provide these supports. If the person wishes to access this support, it must address a request to the Departmental House of Disabled People (DHDP). A multidisciplinary team (MT) analyses the request and proposes to the person a list of SMSI considered appropriate to the person's situation. This process is called the orientation process for PWD and presents several problems that this thesis seeks to solve. The current process is often too long and sometimes does not always formulate applicable solutions. Some people may stay without support for several years. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the orientation process based on a change in the orientation policy. Instead of proposing a list of institutions from which the person has to choose one (disability-institution policy), we propose a list of services from different SMSI capable of meeting the identified needs (needs-services policy). The list of services can be provided by one or several MSI. In order to shift towards a needs-services policy, we propose a method for modelling complex processes involving autonomous actors. This method was used to model the orientation process to analyse problems, causes and find improvement opportunities. We then proposed a service characterization approach (qualitative and quantitative aspects) in order to identify the dimensions that defines a service. This approach was used in the characterization of medico-social services for the needs-service policy. Finally, we propose an assignment model using a sliding horizon mixed-integer linear formulation. This model proposes an orientation according to the needs-services policy. This model has been tested with representative data of different SMSI that help us to identify and propose better organizational practices for the orientation process
Choinière, Jean-Philippe. "Conception, développement et validation expérimentale d'une boussole haptique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27069.
Full textThis Master’s thesis presents the design, control and experimental validation of a haptic compass, designed as a guiding device for the visually impaired in all environments. The literature review shows that there is a need for haptic guidance and how this technology differs from current haptic devices. The proposed device uses the principle of asymmetric torques. Its design is based on a direct drive motor and a pre-calibrated open-loop control, which allows the generation of stimuli in a wide range of frequencies. The device is calibrated and its mechanical properties are evaluated to ensure that the open-loop control provides sufficient precision. A first user study presents interesting effectiveness in the frequency range 5 to 15 Hz and for torques over 40 mNm. In a second experiment, the use of a haptic feedback proportional to the anglular error is shown to significantly improve the results. An experimental validation by a group of subjects walking with the aid of the portable device in an open environment is then reported. The results show that all participants met all route objectives with small lateral deviations (0:39 m on average). The performances obtained and the user’s impressions are favorable and confirm the potential of this device. Finally, a model of the human orientation task is developed and demonstrates the importance of individual customization. A receding horizon strategy for the placement of the current target on the path is thereby proposed.
Ouerdane, Youcef. "Evolution d'un alignement et d'une orientation atomiques dans un champ électrique : application à la détermination des polarisabilités tensorielles dans l'hélium." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10052.
Full textBrumaud, Florence. "Etude des processus d'assignation des jeunes handicapés psychiques dans les ITEP de la Gironde : une contribution à la question de la construction sociale du handicap." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0781/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes to investigate the psychological disability construction, based on three axes: historical, social and institutional. Studying ITEP (Pedagogic and Educative Therapeutic Institute) from Gironde, we interrogated the assignation process of the teenagers in these facilities and their backgrounds (social, familial, etc) that leads them to be designed as psychologically disabled people (2005 law). Consequently, when the collective attention is focused on the consequences of being handicapped to compensate, we want to study the origins of psychological disability that conduct them – or not – to be oriented in an ITEP. First, we realized an historical diagnosis. We studied five organisations managing ITEP by interviewing their directors, in order to compare the historical beginning of psychological disabilities and the development of Gironde organisations. The second axe consists of a social characterisation of ITEP teenagers by studying social data in all 20 Gironde ITEP (a pool of 965 teenagers). The study of the complex arrangement of ITEP teenager characteristics show that being psychologically disabled is affected by family social origins, showing a first assignation form. The third analytic axis is an ethnographic observation about how the Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team (EPE) operates in Gironde MDPH during a year. The results of this orientation procedure show how psychological disabilities is built between psychic disorder and social-family difficulties. Linking these three analytic parts allows for a better understanding about how the psychological disability is constructed, all invisible steps of the assignation processes and what legitimates them. In addition to having difficulties living an ordinary life, all conditions are combined to prevent these psychologically disabled teenagers and their families to have a space dedicated to social representation
Lebel, Karina. "Validation, optimisation et valorisation de la mesure d'orientation issue de centrales inertielles pour la biomécanique clinique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11428.
Full textAbstract : Inertial measurement of motion is emerging as an alternative to 3D motion capture systems in biomechanics. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are composed of accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers which data are fed into a fusion algorithm to determine the orientation of a rigid body in a global reference frame. Although IMUs offer advantages over traditional methods of motion capture, the value of their orientation measurement for biomechanics is not well documented. Objectives: (i) To characterize the validity of the orientation measurement issued from IMUs; (ii) To optimize the validity and the reliability of these measurements; and (iii) To propose mobility metrics based on the orientation measurement obtained from IMUs. Methods and results: The criterion of validity of multiple types of IMUs was characterized using a controlled bench test and a gold standard. Accuracy of orientation measurement was shown to be acceptable under slow conditions of motion (mean accuracy ≤ 3.1º), but it was also demonstrated that an increase in velocity worsens accuracy. The impact of those findings on clinical mobility evaluation was then assessed in the lab, with 20 participants wearing an inertial suit while performing typical mobility tasks (standing-up, walking, turning). Comparison of the assessed IMUs orientation measurements with those from an optical gold standard allowed to capture a portrait of the variation in accuracy across tasks, segments and joints. The optimization process was then approached from a user perspective, first demonstrating the capability of an artificial neural network to autonomously assess the quality of orientation data sequences (sensitivity and specificity ≥ 83%). The issue of joint orientation accuracy in magnetically perturbed environment was also specifically addressed, demonstrating the ability of a 2D photograph coupled with a 3D pose estimation algorithm to improve mean ankle orientation accuracy from 6.7° to 2.8º when walking (n=60 trials). Finally, characterization of the turn cranio-caudal kinematics signature (variables: maximum head to trunk angle and neuromuscular commands amplitude) has demonstrated a good ability to discriminate between healthy older adults (n=15) and early stages of Parkinson’s disease patients (PD, n=15). Metrics have also shown a good sensitivity to change, enabling to detect changes in PD medication states. Conclusion: IMUs offer a complementary solution for mobility assessment in clinical biomechanics. However, the full potential of this technology will only be reached when IMUs will be integrated and validated within a clinical tool.
Shelig, Adel. "La relation entre l'enseignement supérieur et la mobilité sociale dans la communauté rurale en Libye (cas de la municipalité Haraba)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3001/document.
Full textThis study focuses mainly on research into the role of higher education in social mobility for the benefit of the third generation, compared to the two previous generations. The qualitative and quantitative survey was carried out with 18 to 32 year-olds from the municipality of Haraba situated in a rural area of Western Libya. Indeed, the study focused on the occupational variations that have taken place in Libyan society, particularly in the study area, by comparing the educational levels and occupational diversity of three generations successively
Segon, Michaël. "Sociologie d’une case à cocher : penser les (dé)limitations des possibles professionnels et compensatoires des anciens « étudiants handicapés » à travers l’analyse de leurs recours à la RQTH." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30097/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on a collection of articles. The subject is about the transitions to employment of young people living with capacity limitations who, having applied for and obtained facilitations during their university studies, have been recognized as "students with disabilities". The sociological analysis focuses on the stakes, during this period, related to the use of the Recognition of the Quality of Handicapped Worker (RQTH): what happens when it comes to choosing whether or not to check this "box" in the "application form" of the Departmental House of Disabled Persons (MDPH)? This research mobilizes data of various kinds (secondary exploitation of a statistical survey, interviews and ad hoc national survey) collected in successive stages.The forms of (non-)use of the RQTH during these transitions to employment seem to offer a fresh perspective on the influences of disability compensation public policies on the trajectories and subjectivities of individuals. The aim was to conduct a "reception of disability policies" sociology (Revillard, 2017) and to understand its effects on the "relationships to working life" (Longo, 2011). How do the professional possibilities and compensatory possibilities articulate themselves? Based on ideal type reasoning, we developed four "navigator" profiles. We use the nautical metaphor to represent individuals in front of their professional perspectives.Our results, first of all, support the idea of the unequal nature of the public policies concerned with disability compensation, which require identity prerequisites that are diverse in the study population. Secondly, there is a paradox here, since policies ultimately seem to get more significant "grips" to individuals who do not recognize themselves in the latter. Finally, we consider that there is a mismatch between the intent of disability policies and the perceptions of disability held by some young people living with capacity limitations
QUINSON, François. "QUITTER LA CLASSE : La mobilité professionnelle en cours de carrière des enseignants du premier degré, épreuve cruciale individuelle et analyseur du groupe professionnel." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007848.
Full textGuerrier, Yohan. "Proposition d'une aide logicielle pour la saisie d'information en situation dégradée : application à des utilisateurs IMC athétosiques dans des contextes liés au transport et aux activités journalières." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0027/document.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is the study and development of a software aid named ComMob (Communication and Mobility) aimed at assisting disabled users when inputting information, nota-bly those with high mobility impairment. The thesis is in the field of Human-Computer Interaction, a particularly important area given that user interfaces are present on every device used continuously in all places (home, public places, offices ...). This research targets increased public transport use, better access to traveler information, and also daily activities of users with athetoid quadriplegic cerebral palsy. These users have difficulties performing actions with their arms because of frequent uncontrolled movements. In addition, they also have a dysarthria problem. The ComMob system uses pictograms to accelerate the input of sentences via different functions, including a program-ming aid. Several evaluations have been conducted in mobility situations and in laboratory condi-tions. Different research perspectives are also proposed
Baltenneck, Nicolas. "Se mouvoir sans voir : incidences de l'environnement urbain sur la perception, la représentation mentale et le stress lors du déplacement de la personne aveugle." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593859.
Full textGauthier, Jean-Sébastien. "Parcours migratoires et scolaires d'enfants arméniens à Valence durant l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2178/document.
Full textLaunched on the exile roads, after the 1915 genocide caused by the Jeune-Turc government, the Armenian refugees were in search of a territory open to welcome them. After an exodus which lasted several years and led them into the Balkan States and the whole Near East, some of them made the choice of France. The first refugees turned up in Valence in 1922 or 1923 (itdepends on the pieces of information). Others followed a few years later. My study attempts to show the Armenian families and children’s geographical routes, from their places of origin to Valence. Several more or less varied waves of immigrants occurred. Very often, the trip from Marseille to the “Cité drômoise” was not straight. The different stages of their French itinerary appear as markers of their varied social and economic conditions before their arrival in Valence. My contribution will also attempt to show the different school careers they made in French schools. As soon as the first arrived, children were sent to primary school and had varied school careers, even if labor remained a priority at the end of their compulsory education. The school careers in the two main educational profiles- socially unequal- were not simple and many pupils had difficulties in completing their primary or secondary schooling. The French school welcomed these foreign pupils and the acquisition of the French language was the most important issue. Other pupils had outstanding courses. Affected by the local socio-economic circumstances, the Armenian families made choices for their children. For some of them, school had to promote the learning of a trade, as skilled labourers, technicians or office workers. Others expected their children to continue the family business. Compulsory schooling promoted the acquisition of the French language but also increased the qualification levels. The Armenians wanted a future for their children and resigned themselves to the choices of their parents. After their teenage years, their professions changed and the families’ destinies advanced with new career opportunities
Ben, Hafsia Khaoula. "Identification des micro-mécanismes de déformation du PET amorphe et semi-cristallin in situ au cours d’un essai mécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0081/document.
Full textAccording to their formulations and forming processes and thanks to the complexity of their induced microstructure, thermoplastic polymers show a wide range of thermomechanical properties. However, the identification of the evolution of the microstructure of these materials during their use remains difficult. To better understand the microstructural changes occurring during thermomechanical loadings, various in situ and non-destructive techniques of characterization have been used. In this context, a Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) amorphous and semi-crystalline was studied in order to highlight the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties of the material. This way, different coupling systems combining several experimental characterization techniques have been implemented such as Raman spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction/scattering coupled to the VidéoTraction™ system or Raman spectroscopy coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the characterization of the deformation micro-mechanisms and the thermal behavior of the material respectively. Monitoring specific vibrational bands thoroughly identified allowed the establishment of a new robust criterion which enables to accurately measure the crystallinity ratio of the material and the identification of the characteristic temperatures of its morphology (Tg, Tc, Tcc, Tm). In addition, a relaxational characterization system by coupling dynamic dielectric spectroscopy to a tensile test has been used in order to highlight the effect of molecular mobility on the elasto-visco-plastic deformation of PET. From a mechanical point of view, the main deformation micro-mechanisms have been studied in real time during a tensile test at different temperatures and constant true strain rates: macromolecular orientation, volume damage, development of mesophase and strain induced crystallization were observed and quantified in situ using the coupled characterization technics presented previously at Petra III (Hambourg) and Elettra (Trieste) synchrotrons. In parallel, a study of the molecular mobility (a determining parameter for the predominance of one deformation micromechanism to another) was conducted via relaxational analysis performed during the deformation of the material. In addition to in situ experiments, post mortem analysis by the previously mentioned technics and by X radiography, scanning electron microscopy and X tomography were performed to assess the influence of the mechanical relaxation of the polymer