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1
Mattar, Abdullah. "Anti-dumping and anti-subsidy on Saudi's petrochemical products." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10538.
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In recent years, petrochemicals products from Saudi Arabia have been the subject of anti-dumping (AD) cases in several countries. This has raised questions about whether Saudi Arabia’s domestic laws and regulations relating to AD and anti-subsidy are, (1) effective, and (2) compatible with Saudi Arabia’s international legal obligations under the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This thesis examines the compatibility of Saudi Arabia’s domestic laws concerning AD, with international trade law, under the WTO agreement on the Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD Agreement)). It critically analyses cases filed against Saudi Arabia’s petrochemicals products in a number of countries; including India, China, and Turkey, and in the European Union. It is observed that the high number of AD cases filed against Saudi Arabia’s petrochemicals products around the world reflect a need to strengthen Saudi Arabia’s domestic laws, and the regulations applicable to dumping. Arguably, some aspects of the WTO AD Agreement are in need of reconsideration by the contracting parties in view of the modern context of trade between contracting parties. Aspects to be re-examined include, for example, dispute resolution procedures. In this respect, this thesis argues that some parts of the WTO AD Agreement should be subject to further negotiations between the WTO contracting parties, with a view to making appropriate amendments. Finally, this research will present recommendations for the Saudi Arabian economic system, suggest amendments relating to AD and anti-subsidy provisions under the WTO and finally offer recommendations for the dispute resolution mechanism under the DSU. This will help to improve and develop an effective AD legal regime under the WTO agreement, which would be applicable in the context of the changing circumstances of global international trade.
2
Chen, Li-chun, and 陳俐君. "The Optimal Subsidy Policy Under Asymmetric Information: On Taiwan Film Industry''s Subsidy." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9h7m7q.
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碩士國立中山大學
經濟學研究所
95
Our purpose is to examine: what should be the best subsidy mechanism which can reduce the lost from the asymmetric information problem whereas the administration performs a subsidy policy. We use the incentive contract theory to establish our models, and analyze different kinds of subsidy policy results. We prove that: compare with the partial equally subsidy, zero-subsidy and full-purchase subsidy, the partial discriminably subsidy is the best subsidy policy.
3
LIU, WEN-JING, and 劉文菁. "Do Matching Subsidy And Rebate Subsidy Crowd Out Private Donations? An Experimental Study." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vdbe3a.
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碩士國立臺北大學
財政學系
107
This study investigates whether implementing matching subsidy and rebate subsidy can generate more private donations after excluding the cost of subsidy. According to the experimental results, we find that regardless of the subsidy scheme (matching or rebate), the implement of subsidy policy can significantly improve the total donations. We further discuss where the increased donations came from and find that both of the subsidy schemes will not crowd out private donations, but only with the matching scheme people will significantly donate more. This study find that matching subsidy has a significant positive effect on both total donations and private donations, and the subsidy rates will also affect the amount of donations. Besides the laboratory results, through the questionnaire we find that “economic status and giving habit” and “altruism” may also have an influence on people’s donation decisions. Furthermore, we find that “whether people believe the charity need help or not” will also influence people’s donations.
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LIN, YUN-CHEN, and 林昀臻. "Fallow Subsidy and Endogenous Growth." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57b8xm.
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碩士東海大學
經濟系
105
This dissertation establishes an endogenous growth model with an agriculture-specific factor (land). Individuals make fallow decisions based on the fallow subsidy policy, the productivity of the land factor, and the income tax rate. The government allocates its income tax revenues between subsidizing fallow land and directly maintaining land fertility. We investigate the effects of the fallow subsidy and income tax on economic growth and welfare. Our main findings are as follows. First, both raising the fallow subsidy and income tax rate have ambiguous effects on growth and welfare. Second, the welfare-maximizing proportion of fallow subsidy is higher than the growth-maximizing proportion of fallow subsidy. Third, the welfare-maximizing income tax rate is higher than the growth-maximizing income tax rate. Lastly, by calibrating the parameters using Taiwan data, our numerical analysis shows that decreasing fallow subsidy or increasing the income tax rate can enhance growth and welfare.
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Lin, Chia-Yi, and 林佳宜. "Allocation Mechanism of Transit Subsidy." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97517489906181268323.
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Shu-kuan, Wu, and 吳淑綸. "Subsidy、Regional Intergration and Direct Investment." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98653452958175660870.
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碩士東吳大學
經濟學研究所
86
Abstract The rise of multinational enterprises has changed the patterns of trade and investment. Under the trend of internationalization, foreign direct investment plays an important role in the global economy. Although the World Trade Organization has already put some strict restrictions, investment subsidies are still common for many countries indirectly. After considering the benefits of foreign direct investments on the economy of the host country, many countries engage in policies offering factory sites or other infrastructures in order to attract more FDI from multinational firms. Therefore ,the gist of this thesis is to investigate how investment subsidies affect the decisions of multinational firms on FDI and also how they affect the level of welfare in the host country. Due to the fact that available documents relating to subsidizing policies lack exploration in market size, this thesis will also shed light on this topic. The analysis of this study is based in Nash Equilibrium concept in game theory. The strategies of a multinational firm are exporting and FDI. The potential entrant of the host country has two types of strategy : entering or not entering the industry. Considering two major variables including investment subsidies and market size ,I analyze the critical point of exporting / FDI subsidy, and the effect of subsidies on the level of welfare in the host country Furthermore, using three-nation model, this thesis also discusses how regional intergration affects FDI behaviors of the multinational firm. The following conclusions can be derived using from the study. 1.Complying with variance in market size, decisions of the multinational firm are affected by the amount of investment subsidies and strategies adopted by the potential entrant in the host country. Also, the critical point of exporting / FDI subsidy is inversely related to market size. 2.As change of investment subsidies causes the multinational firm to shift from exporting to FDI ,the welfare change of the host country is discrete. If the potential entrant in the host country has not entered the industry and the market size is relatively large, the welfare of the host country increases. If the potential entrant of the host country has entered the industry, under the situation of higher wages and larger market size, the welfare of the host country increases. 3.If other country lower trade barriers on the host country, it would lower the critical point of multinational firm*s exporting / FDI market size, and also lower trade barriers of firms from member nations. As a result of regional intergration, FDI from non-member nations would increase and the amount of trade within the intergrating region would also increase. 4.Trade barriers imposed upon the host country by other nations will move in opposite direction with the following items ： (1)multinational firm*s critical point of exporting / FDI subsidy. (2)The optimal subsidy given by the host country when FDI strategy of multinational firms stays unchanged. 5.If other nations remove trade barriers on the host country, the potential entrant is easier to enter into the industry. Finally, the level of welfare in the host country would increase. 6.If other nations remove trade barriers in the host country, it would make it easier for the multinational firm to shift from exporting to FDI. As a result, the potential entrant has not entered the industry, the level of welfare in the host country would increase. If the potential entrant has entered the industry and the wage in host country is relatively higher, the level of welfare in the host country would increase.
7
Hou, Yu-Chun, and 侯雨君. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Privatization and Subsidy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5n37g5.
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碩士國立政治大學
財政學系
106
In the past, the literature on privatization and government subsidy policies are mostly focused on the interaction between government and manufacturers, and rarely considered other production derived from the changes in consumer’s consumption patterns. On that account, this paper follows the analysis framework of White (1996), and constructed a mixed oligopoly model introducing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) that have been valued by consumers in recent years. This paper shows: (1) The Privatization Neutrality Theorem is established when the production of both public and private firms is not external and are engaged in CSR activities. (2) The Privatization Neutrality Theorem cannot be established when both public and private firms have a negative production externality and are engaged in ECSR activities. When the consumer’s preference for ECSR activities is not significant, and even the marginal damage of pollution is tremendous, the government’s optimal policy will be converted from subsidies to taxation. (3) When the production leads to environmental pollution, even if both public and private firms are engaged in ECSR activities, privatization will still have a negative impact on social welfare; which is consistent with the general literature of privatization and environmental issues.
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Lin, Yu-Kai, and 林鈺凱. "Endogenous Market Structure and Subsidy Policy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eb7n29.
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碩士國立政治大學
經濟學系
106
This thesis builds up a second-generation R&D-based growth model featuring endogenous market structure, and uses it to explore the growth effect of four distinct styles of subsidies. The four subsidies this thesis consider include final goods production subsidies, intermediate goods productions subsidies, in-house R&D subsides and entry subsidies. Several main findings emerge from the analysis. First, when the number of firms is fixed in the short run, final goods production subsidies, intermediate goods productions subsidies and in-house R&D subsides will stimulate the economic growth rate. However, entry subsidies are powerless to affect economic growth. Second, when market structure adjusts endogenously in the long run, final goods production subsidies and intermediate goods productions subsidies will increase the number of firms, and this tends to lower economic growth. The induced negative growth effect arisen from a rise in the number of firms just exactly offsets the positive growth effect in the short run, leaving the economic growth rate intact. Third, when market structure adjusts endogenously in the long run, in-house R&D subsidies increase economic growth but decrease the number of firms, whereas entry subsidies expand the number of firms but reduce economic growth. As the result, in-house R&D subsidies is a better policy instrument compared to other subsidies since it can stimulate economic growth in the long run.
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WU, PENG-TA, and 鄔朋達. "Smart Contract of Organic Agriculture Subsidy." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e7ucp8.
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碩士東吳大學
資訊管理學系
107
Recently, the blockchain technology has been valued. With the support of resources across many industries, an increased number of innovations are made available, the emerging commercial modes in the financial technology in particular. The government, by employing the smart contracts, can change the way they deliver services and business processes to reduce the administrative cost. The government, in order to protect the interests of farmers, implements plural subsidy policies. The subsidy amount exceeds over half of the annual agricultural budget and the subsidy given to organic agriculture hikes year by year. Without being certified by organic agriculture certification companies, it is not allowed to make any organic claim. When farmers consider converting to organic, the costs may hinder their willingness, so the government grants subsidies to farmers in need of organic certification. The study employed the ethereum smart contract based on the blockchain technology to develop a prototype of the organic farming subsidy payment system. Compare the system with the current subsidy process, it shows that the system has the following advantages: 1. All applications must be submitted through the online application system, and farmers can apply for subsidies online at any time. 2. Integrate farmers' information flow into government's. E-procedures can reduce the working hours of review. 3. Using smart contracts to store data on the blockchain. With subsidies granted by cryptocurrency to ensure timely releases of funds.
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Chen, Shih-Hsien, and 陳世憲. "Tariffs、Export Subsidy and Economic Growth." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03853427539284434343.
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Chen, Wen-Ju, and 陳玟如. "The Subsidy Planning of Airport Noise." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87468255715562012761.
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碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
90
In Taiwan after Open-Sky policy in 1987, the great growth of civil aviation brings good prospects to airlines. At the same time, residents in the neighborhood of airports ask for quiet environment because of their awaking environmental awareness. They live in the abominable environment over a long period of time, and then they claim various subsidies and improvements. It is common to levy airport noise charge in airports. However, the distribution of the airport noise fund dose not stipulate in Taiwanese rules and regulations. Every Airport Noise Improvement and Execution Section of an airport determines the subsidies which are quite different in airports. The study first stands on the basic factors of noise control, and there are four main events of the subsidy planning. They are the subsidy of engineering, the subsidy of movement, the decrease of property value subsidy, and the others. There are seven objects of the subsidy, such as schools, libraries, the organizations of medical treatment, residences, stores, the organizations of government, and companies. According to the four events and seven objects of the subsidy, the annual cost of airport noise control is calculated. The airport noise fund is limited. We suggest that ratio of the subsidy is in accordance with the decrease hearing of airport noise.
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Lin, Sheng Wei, and 林聖為. "Tariff, export subsidy and the current account." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41833021571951208679.
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TUNG, MING-CHENG, and 董明城. "Kaohsiung Films Subsidy Policy: Cultural Hegemony Perspective." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x72bq2.
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碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
105
How to take root in the films industry has been the focus of many types of research, this study discussed on the purpose, the strategies of implementation, and the resulting results of the Kaohsiung city films subsidy policy. From the perspective of Gramsci's cultural hegemony theory, this study argues that ideology, organic intellectuals, civil society, and positional warfare affect the effectiveness of this case. In this paper, 15 interviews were conducted with depth interviews, including municipal officials, directors, producers, academics, citizens, and curators. Interview analysis found that: the subsidy policy had its continuity, the art market needed policy guidance, films management was towards professional and international, subsidy policy promoted the development of the film industry. This study suggested that: the establishment of the system towards sustainable development, the enhancement of the public to enjoy the arts and culture with the concept of war of position, the solidification of policy idea to integrate for professionalization and internationalization, and the strengthening of the subsidy policy marketing.
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Chang, Hsiu-Han, and 張琇涵. "Analysis of Carbon Tax and Subsidy fee." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zk6469.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
105
Global warming has been world''s main concern for the past decade. Studies have shown that the global warming is highly related to carbon footprint. In order to prevent further climatic change, it is necessary to reduce the carbon footprint. Firstly, we need to know the carbon footprint quantity produced, and then develop effective strategies/actions to resolve the issue. It is suggested that the governments to act as the catalyst in this reduction effort by utilizing tax and subsidy scheme; taxing the carbon producer while subsiding the carbon reducer. We use the Stackelberg model to achieve the best decision making in this study, the government as the leader, and the MIS (a group of manufacturers, importers, and sellers) and recyclers as the followers. This study aims to optimize the four various objectives in the perspective of the government to determine the carbon tax and carbon subsidy fee and to investigate the potential effect obtained in the four models.
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Le-ChiShih and 石樂琦. "Optimal Subsidy Allocation for Bus Route Design." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pgfjn7.
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碩士國立成功大學
交通管理科學系
105
Public transportation is a shared transport service including bus, mass rapid transit (MRT), and light rail transit (LRT), which provide energy saving, air pollution reduction, congestion reduction and convenience enhancement. To bus operators, there must be a complete network and enough money to operate. As a result, bus route design and subsidy are two important issues which should be discussed. Route design has been an important topic of optimization problems. Generally speaking, it takes only users and operators into consideration when designing routes for commercial vehicles. However, in the bus route design problem, we take not only users and operators into consideration but also authorities as a result of subsidies. Because there is lack of subsidy allocation model, public funds are wasted and not allocated fairly. In order to minimize the users’ and authorities’ cost and maximize the operators’ profit, we need to combine the three aspects. The purposes of this research are to design the optimal bus routes under the consideration of three conflict objectives when origin-destination pairs are given, and to determine the optimal subsidy allocation for bus routes. As a result, we formulate a multi-objective problem with ε-constraint method to find the optimal solution and use bi-level programming method to verify it. The proposed methods are tested in a realistic network in Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Huang, Wei-Chieh, and 黃偉傑. "Tax-credit or subsidy? Environment Policy Analysis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v589y5.
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碩士僑光科技大學
財務金融研究所
105
This paper which base on Chiou and Hu (2001) framework encourage firm improve pollution-prevention-cure through subsidy of Tax. Besides, from Chin-Piao Yeh Tax policy model, it quotes quantity subsidy and pollution-prevention-cure subsidy. Therefore, the subsidies can yield respectively optimum quantity, quantity of improve pollution-prevention-cure, and social welfare. Furthermore, the better subsidy is found. This paper’s model follows a multi-stage game. In first stage, government decides the tax policy to maximum social welfare. In second stage, firm decides their respectively pollution through tax policy. In third stage, firms go into the quantity competition on product market. Major findings of the model are (1) Quantity, social welfare, and quantity of pollution-prevention-cure are inverse proportion to tax rate, but subsidy rate of quantity and subsidy rate of pollution-prevention-cure are direct proportion to tax rate. (2) Government should increase Tax-credit rate for higher pollution-prevention-cure, when the improvement is the main environment policy. (3) Tax-credit is more operative than subsidy policy, when the pas-tax-credit rate is more preferential than subsidy rate. (4) Quantity of pollution is lower under tax-credit of pollution-prevention-cure than ubsidy of quantity. (5) Pollution is always decreased by a rise tax rate.under s
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Hung, Ju-Meng, and 洪如孟. "Spillover Effect and Optimal Subsidy of Micropayments." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5n2t69.
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碩士國立政治大學
財政學系
106
Based on the linear city model, which is often used in industrial organization and spatial economics, this dissertation establishes a theoretical model of the micropayment market, in an effort to provide a framework for discussions on micropayments. The demand side of micropayments consists of consumers and merchants of usual goods and services, while the supply side consists of micropayment system providers. In both a monopolistic and duopolistic micropayment system market settings, the study concludes profit maximizing decisions under each of the scenarios of: no, one-sided, and two-sided spillover effects. Moreover, given the market settings, the study moves on to the discussion of the “internal” optimal prices and quantities of micropayment system market. Finally, using subsidies as the policy instrument, the study calculates the optimal subsidy rates.
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Lee, Chien-I., and 李建逸. "Optimal Subsidy Strategies for Food Delivery Platforms." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2xk7sw.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
106
Food delivery services have become increasingly popular in many cities over the world, food delivery platforms usually charge commission from restaurants and service fee for consumers. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose four game-theoretical models to discuss the interaction between a restaurant and a food delivery platform, where the proposed models consider the effects of consumer acceptance of ordering a meal from platform, disutility of buying a meal from restaurant, cost of preparing a meal for delivery, and loyal consumers of platform and restaurant. Our analysis shows that platform tends to subsidize service fee for consumers when the consumer acceptance of ordering a meal from platform is high enough. Next, platform can not only earn more profit but also help restaurant increase its profit by either charging or subsidizing service fee. However, the strategy of charging or subsidizing service fee can lead to a win-win situation only when the cost of preparing a meal for delivery is high enough. Finally, when both platform and restaurant have loyal consumers, platform tends to charge service fee from consumers to maximize its profit.
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Chen, Shu-Mei, and 陳淑梅. "Health care, child allowance, and education subsidy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56229993334988321132.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
103
This paper constructs a small open two-sector (the health care sector and the non-health care sector) overlapping generations model and takes the resource cost of child education into account.Under this model, labors can be allocated to either sector and human capital can be accumulated over time. This paper investigates how population aging affects human capital accumulation and labor productivity of the non-health care sector. We show that population aging induces a labor shift towards the health care sector, thus affecting the human capital level and wage rate per unit of human capital negatively. This paper also examines the effects of public policies for child care and education. We show that under a certain range of subsidy rates, either type of child care subsidy policy affects the lifetime utility of future generations positively, while the education subsidy policy is beneficial to both current and future generations
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Yu, Fu-Yang, and 游富洋. "Discussion on the Application of Government Subsidy." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68sbku.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
107
Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 98% of the total number of enterprises, but the total revenue shares only 30%, less than the top ten enterprises’ 40%. However, small and medium-sized enterprises employ 80% of the labor force, playing the main role of social stability in Taiwan. The average size of small and medium-sized enterprises is only 6.3 people, marketing, research and development, Innovation has not been updated. Only if the small and median-sized enterprises can use industrial networks to play the group effect, finding out niche technology, focusing on the development of strengthening cooperation between production and learning, making good use of government-subsidized resources, transferring the results of school research and development into innovative technology, serving the market production and learning to grow together with each other with complementary key technologies. As Southeast Asian emerging countries occupy the lion’s share of the market, Taiwan's traditional industries are facing unprecedented challenges. Given this, the industrial structure needs to be adjusted largely. Meanwhile, technology is also facing the critical moment of upgrading. In the future, industry development will be knowledge oriented with intelligence, high technology, high capital and high risk. Obviously industrial innovation will be the key to drive Taiwan's economic growth through the industrial creation law to subsidize industrial innovation and research and development, accelerate the transformation of enterprise upgrading, and subsidy resources. Application to ask government subsidy should begin from the School Caring Program, then to Real-time Technical Guidance, and then advanced to the Local SBIR. The application plan shall be in line with the needs of the enterprises, in accordance with to enterprise capacity as the target. The enterprises’ investment in research and development shall be from the small plan to the big plan. Ministry of Economy subsidy plan has clear classification. Business owners shall do a good job on self-assessment. The establishment of A-Team group research and development to expand the strength, enterprises should have joint research and development, joint marketing direction efforts. The application shall provide about 300 words plan outline. The document has to present the focus with easy reading and understanding contents. The subsidy is to encourage enterprises to accelerate research and development, not to add welfare benefits. Enterprises need to carefully calculate the subsidizing funds to implement research and development. To ensure that the plan is rigorous, enforceable, avoid waste of resources, product research and development is just the beginning. The branding, marketing also need to continue to integrate counseling, in order to maximize the benefits of resources, and actively transform into an innovative economy. Along the process, government plays the locomotive to lead production, officials, students, research, Joint long-term maintenance and development growth momentum, so that Taiwan's enterprises can strive without looking back.
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Yang, Chien-Pang, and 楊健邦. "Subsidy Allocation Mechanism of Urban Road Project." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66985394648249825380.
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碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
87
Urban Road is the major infrastructure of the urban transportation. It has great influence on people''s life and industry development. Generally, the expense of building urban road needs lots of fund from central and local government. The subsidy allocation mechanism in the past usually didn''t consider the regional difference . Therefore this study tries to explore the urban road subsidy allocation issues, and then develops an appropriate allocation mechanism including allocation formula and evaluation criteria. This study considers four allocation indices to build the allocation formula, including fiscal capability, area development, transportation demand, and local government''s effort. And employs five evaluation criteria including beneficial population, network continuity, number of connections with stations, project readiness and project cost to evaluate the road project It is found from the case study that most of the past subsidy was used on few cities, which created the equity problem. After applying the formula established in the study, the subsidy for 12 cities could be increased, and the financial problem for four cities with fiscal difficulty could be improved .In addition, the benefit for urban roads could be presented clearly by employing the evaluation criteria set up in this study.
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Wang, Ching-Fang, and 王景芳. "Modeling Government Subsidy Impacts on Recycling Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uvcv7n.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
96
Due to eco-awareness and legislative requirements, reverse supply chains play an important role in the disposition of end-of-life consumer products. Two-part instrument (2PI), where the government taxes manufacturers, imports, and sellers (MIS) and subsidizes for recyclers, plays a key role in driving or giving incentives to the flows of recycling items. The current recycling system in Taiwan considers the subsidy and disposal fees, but the government neglects discussion on the issue of subsidy location along a recycling chain. This research applies the Stackelberg-typed model to analyze the impact of exogenous subsidies on material flows in a decentralized recycling system where each tier considers its own interests. The model in this research consists of the government and two-tier recyclers. The government determines the subsidy location in order to maximize the recycling quantities. According to the difference of information disclosure time, the roles of the leader and the follower may be different for upstream and downstream tiers. This research concludes the optimal subsidy policy for the government in order to achieve the maximum of recycling quantities.
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Tze-Yu, Lin, and 林澤余. "Effect of a Subsidy Program on Medical Care Utilization- Results from the Medical Subsidy Program for Children in Taipei City." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22520998343422515481.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
醫務管理學系
92
Children are the future of a country; therefore, taking good care of children is to create good health of the future population, which in a sense is to build up the strength of a nation. The authority of Taiwanese government has been paying attention to this issue. The Department of Health of Taipei City started to carry out the Medical Care Subsidy Program for Children on December 25th, 1995. The changes of policy provided a natural experiment for this study to investigate the effect of the program on children’s health care utilization. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes of outpatient care utilization, emergency care utilization and inpatient care utilization for the children aged 1 to 6 before and after February 1st, 2001 when the subsidy of outpatient care services has been removed. Specifically, this study sought to provide answers to the following two questions: First, was there substitution effect resulting from changes in relative price of outpatient services and emergency services? Second, were children’s inpatient services been affected by changes in policy? Results from this study indicate that, comparing to other counties and cities in Taiwan, children aged 1-6 in Taipei had lower frequency of outpatient care utilization in the post-policy-change period, comparing to the pre-policy -change period. At the same time, they also consumed more of the third and forth level of emergency care. This result suggests that parents might substitute emergency care for outpatient services due to the changes in relative price. Finally, there was no significantly difference in the utilization of inpatient care found in this study. The findings from this study suggest that parents were sensitive to the decreases in relative price of emergency care due to the policy change and substituted away from outpatient care toward emergency care. This might not only a waste of the emergency medical resources, but also has adverse effects on the quality of emergency care. Moreover, there were no significant reduction of hospitalization and actual benefit of children’s health outcome. Results from this study suggest a further evaluation of government subsidy program is warranted in order to facilitate more efficient use of resources.
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Huang, Yu-Chun, and 黃于純. "Lobbying and subsidy under unknown learning by doing." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84010472980699439257.
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CHEN, HSIN-I., and 陳心怡. "Majority voting, subsidy mechanisms and charitable donation behavior." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/675472.
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Wu, Yung-Sen, and 巫永森. "A Study on the Childcare Subsidy in Singapore." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54345559753228660769.
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博士國立暨南國際大學
教育政策與行政學系
103
This study investigated the Singapore childcare subsidy policy, based on Singapore childcare services background, analysis Singapore childcare history and current status of subsidy policies. In this study, literature analysis, supplemented by ethnographic research methods, researcher as a long-term resident of Singapore to observe the status of early childhood education and care service, analyze the implementation of Singapore childcare subsidy policy. The study found that Singapore's childcare subsidy policy as a whole package of measures, including the maternity benefits as baby bonus "Cash Gift" and "Child Development Account", childcare subsidy and an additional childcare subsidy,Kindergarten Financial Assistance Scheme (KiFAS), etc., is a combination of many government departments to jointly plan. Singapore's baby bonus, the government gives cash gift, then encourage parents to save the money to child development account, make money doubled, and the parents can use the account to pay for preschool tuition. As a household monthly income of $ 2500 child, after deducting the childcare subsidy and additional childcare subsidy and child development account, parents must actually be paid monthly preschool tuition, almost only one tenth of the original tuition fees. Singapore government under the overall long-term policy planning, childcare subsidy policy is accompany with supporting measures, step by step, constantly revised with the times, clear policy objectives, policy options mutually undertake, consistent with the public policy planning needs, most importantly, can really lighten the burden of child-rearing for the parents.
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CHEN, LI-CHENG, and 陳力誠. "Certification of green goods and export subsidy policy." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rdgtxj.
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HUNG, SHU-YING, and 洪淑盈. "The Determinants of Government Subsidy to National Universities." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98601661212350126098.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
會計學系
105
In this study, we want to discuss the determinants of government subsidy to national universities. The government subsidy is the main financial resources of national universities . Although the government has increased education expenditure, national universities still can’t make ends meet. This is because some education resources are used to develop secondary education and balance the gap in education between urban and rural areas. This study takes 39 national universities in Taiwan as the research sample and collects the competitive subsidy data of the Ministry of Education from 2012 to 2015. By reviewing the literature, we conjectured several key factors may affect the amount of government subsidy. This study used OLS model to verify our research hypotheses. We found that, among those factors, rankings, self-raised income, internationalization, and social networks were significantly positive correlated with the amount of government subsidy.
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Lin, Pei-Chun, and 林佩君. "Performance-based Subsidy Mechanism for Rural Bus Service." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95113615718391996052.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
運輸與物流管理學系
102
In order to meet the essential mobility need of people, especially for those living in rural areas, the government started to subsidize the operating deficit of rural bus service since 1997. According to the statistics of Directorate General of Highways (DGH), the total deficit subsidy was up to NT$900 millions in 2010, and it has increased year by year. According to the current deficit subsidy mechanism, the public transportation operators with higher operating deficit, will receive higher deficit subsidy, making operators heavily rely on government’s deficit subsidy and lack of motivation to increase their patronage. Based on this, this study aims to introduce the mechanism of performance-based subsidy into the rural bus service subsidy, by allocating the subsidy budget to operating deficit subsidy for maintaining the minimum service level (MSL) of bus frequency, i.e., the essential service and performance-based subsidy for the additional bus frequency. To optimally determine the optimal allocation of subsidy budget and MSL frequency, a bi-level mathematic programming model is proposed. The upper level (i.e. the behavior of government) aims to optimally determine the subsidy allocation towards social welfare maximum; while the lower level (i.e. the behavior of public transportation operators) is to determine the optimal service frequency based on the allocated budget and passenger choices so as to maximize their profit. Besides, the logistic curve is used to reflect the passenger mode choice under various service frequencies. Based on the different allocation concepts of subsidy budget, this study proposes two models, one is the subsidy budget pre-allocated by routes and the other is pre-allocated by areas. A case study on the rural bus service in Hua-lien County is conducted to examine the applicability of the proposed model. The results show that the performance-based subsidy models can not only lower the amount of subsidy, but also improve the public transportation operator’s service levels, suggesting the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed model.
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Teng, Hia-Mei, and 鄧夏妹. "Subsidy Policy Impact Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84656339156003523519.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嶺東科技大學
高階主管企管碩士在職專班
101
The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the gassing volume of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) so as to know the actual influences resultant from the existing LPG subsidy policy of all kinds. Based upon the phase of change of LPG price subsidy policy in this study, it is divided into three stages – the fixed unit subsidy stage since January 2007 to December 2010, the fixed price difference subsidy stage since January 2011 to July 2012, and the combined subsidy stage covering all that time after January 2007. By means of the relevant analysis, we discovered the variables affecting the gassing volume before establishing multiple regression models to affirm the influence upon various interpretations of variables. The study concluded by finding when oil price goes up, gas stations increase, and economy booms, the newly increased number of converted LPG vehicles all positively affect the LPG filling volume, and the LPG price subsidy does, on the contrary, not conspicuously cast its influence upon the volume. Therefore, we suggest the government shall go on with its aids to converted vehicles and newly set up gassing stations if the desired hybrid (duo-fuel) vehicles extension is at issue so that the number of gassing stations and converted vehicles might be increased to achieve the goal of air-pollution improvement through boosting gassing volume. In comparison with other countries, it is suggested that the unit price subsidy shall be increased to reflect the effect if our country is to carry out the LPG price subsidy.
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Liu, Wan-Yu, and 柳婉郁. "A Study on the Optimal Subsidy of Reforestation." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35250918523085350050.
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Cheng, Yu-Ping, and 程玉萍. "A Study of Assessment Modal for Transit Subsidy." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62773724422461613344.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學系研究所
86
The purpose of the study is to construct a modal to evaluate the performance of transit subsidy. The dicision variable in the modal is "Total distance ofea ch route" and "Fare". There are two object function in the modal. One is maxim um social welfare for government viewpoint, and the other is maximun profit fo r operator viewpoint. This study also sets a bus system to test theassessment modal. The result of the case analysis is that subsidy will increase the socia l welfare in the system. The study also suggest some strategies to improve the performance of transit subsidy.
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Hsu, Hon-Sheng, and 許宏聖. "Financially Sustainable Subsidy Mechanism for Public Transit System." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25932092131220800009.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
89
Public transit system has three important factors：subsidy, fare, service of level. This research focuses on the study of financially sustainable subsidy mechanism for public transit system. This study used analysis optimization approach to formulate the mathematical function. The model considers maximum social welfare objective with break-even constraints of route to conform with financially sustainable objection. This study considers three types of subsidy funds and analyzes their distinct effects on public transit system. Three subsidy financial resources include：government expenditure, car tax expenditure, and bus tax expenditure. The car tax expenditure model replies an extra-subsidy while the bus tax expenditure model intra-subsidy. The results indicate that the government expenditure and extra-subsidy cause the lower bus fare and the shorter bus route headway but intra-subsidy causes the higher bus fare, the shorter headway of bus route under subsidy and the higher headway of bus route under non-subsidy. Furthermore, if the bus route length shortens or average trip length of bus route under subsidy increases, the government must raise the amount of subsidy in order to maintain the same bus service level. If the bus average speed raises, average trip length of bus route under non-subsidy increases or the ratio between waiting time and headway decreases, the government can reduce the amount of subsidy money in order to maintain the same bus service of level. Finally, the study results of deliberation system of opening bus route under subsidy imply that government decreases subsidy burden ratio on bus route under subsidy. The decrease of the ratio causes the decrease of social welfare as well as bus route headway, however the raises of the bus fare. If the analysis adds the restriction on bus fare, headway of bus route under subsidy causes substantially raise. Moreover, this research analyzes the effect of different subsidy types. The subsidy types include：non-money subsidy, cost subsidy, deficit subsidy, performance subsidy, and price subsidy. According to three comparison bases, the five types cause different kinds of marginal benefit. The results indicate that subsidy marginal benefit of non-monetary subsidy has 1.46 times higher than that of cost subsidy. Price subsidy has 0.59 units higher than deficit subsidy. Performance indicators play an important role in comparison between types of performance subsidy and deficit subsidy. Furthermore, cost subsidy causes the more significant effect. If the government has enough funds, non-monetary subsidy causes the higher social welfare, the lower bus fare and headway.
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Yu-chun, Huwang, and 黃于純. "Lobbying and subsidy under unknown learning by doing." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95217624960995749535.
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HSIEH, YING-HSIN, and 謝瑛幸. "An incentive analysis on environmental subsidy and audit policies." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79006065227858390717.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
92
Bulk production results in much serious pollution. In this situation, external cost becomes aggravating. Accordingly, this research is to discuss the regulator how to develop well environmental policy to prevent pollution. This is an analytic article and use some control variables to analyze. Firms decide whether to invest preventing pollution equipments and execute these. However, the regulator decides whether to give firms subsidy and audit discharges of pollutants. That is for the regulator to apply subsidy or audit policy to affect the investment and execution decisions of firms. Then it could reach minimizing external cost of regulator’s goal. And, the author capture below four conclusions through model deduction and analysis. 1. The optimal audit policy of the regulator In less audit cost, the regulator enforces a complete auditing policy on firms. 2. The optimal subsidy policy of the regulator In less audit cost, the regulator enforce both auditing and subsidy policy on firms. 3. The optimal prevention pollution equipment investment and its executing decisions of firms In less audit cost, once firms make invest preventing pollution equipments, they would make such equipments execute normally. 4. Firms’ effective variables affected by the regulator The regulator could affect through the objection cost function and it brings on the optimal policy of firms which meet the expectation of the regulator. Then the most important effective variables are the investment cost of preventing pollution equipments, the executing cost of preventing pollution equipments and the probability of no miscarriage. If the regulator would induce firms to invest preventing pollution equipments, it could lower the investing cost. Moreover, the regulator might decrease the executing cost of preventing pollution equipments. Besides, the regulator could increase the probability of no miscarriage in its doing auditing. Above, they would make decision action of firms to meet the expectation of the regulator.
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LIN, WEN-HUI, and 林文惠. "THE STUDY OF OECD ENVIRONMENTAL HARMFUL SUBSIDY CHECKING METHODS." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79902635852029936896.
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碩士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
95
This study reviews contents of the method on OECD’s environmentally harmful subsidy checklist (OECD, 1998, 2003, 2005, 2006), and finds there are three key elements, which includes policy filter, technology lock-in, and output effect and so on. According to the procedure of the OECD checklist, we develop a simple version of checklist, which can be used by the government and examines her subsidy whether result in environmental degradation. In additional to, this research built up a theoretic model to analysis various key factors, such as commodity elasticity, style of subsidy, and pattern of production, which can influence the effectiveness of removing subsidy. The main results of the study as follows: (1) commodity of elasticity has a positive relation with effect of environment quality improvement; (2) remove energy price subsidy has a most significant environmental improve effect; (3) high elasticity of substitution can reduce technology lock-in effect, in other words, can improve environmental quality significantly.
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Chen, Yen-chiu, and 陳燕秋. "The Optimal Subsidy of Privatization under the Cournot Competition." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79525850304140963314.
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Ya-Ling, Peng, and 彭雅玲. "The optimal subsidy of privatization by using Stackelberg model." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37942222018349326268.
Full textAbstract:
碩士佛光人文社會學院
經濟學研究所
93
Since 1980, the publicly-owned undertaking privatization became the general trend of countries all over the world gradually, hope to improve business efficiency, lower costs, and then promote the national competitiveness by using the privatization of the publicly-owned undertaking. This article is based on the concept of Fjell and Heywood (2004), and the optimal subsidy of privatization is analyzed by using Stackelberg model in the mixed oligopoly market. Different from past literatures, this article is assumed that the government still holds some stock rights, becomes a private leader, and allots subsidization to public firm when the publicly-owned is privatized. In other words, this article does not consider that the government allots the subsidization to private firm. In addition, this article only focuses on the domestic private firms, so the foreign private firm is not in the range of the consideration. This article is also assumed that there exist several identical private profit-maximizing firms and one public profit-maximizing firm in a single market for a homogenous good. The propose of this article is to find the optimal subsidy with the relation among every firm output, the profit and social welfare. This article models a three stage game, its procedure is as follows: The government first commits to an output subsidy. Given this optimal subsidy the public leader, sets output in a second stage and in the final stage the remaining firms simultaneously set output. A very important boundary which is pointed out by the method of comparative static analysis is that the numbers of the private firm could influence the drafting of government policy. When private firm's quotient is smaller than or equal to 2, the government allots subsidization to the public firm. On the contrary, the government should levy taxes to the public firm when the number of the private firms is greater than or equal to 3.
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TENG, HSIN-I., and 鄧心怡. "Study on Private Universities of Governmental Educational Subsidy Policy." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33661263471035764650.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
公共事務管理學系碩士班
95
It is a must that our government financially supports university tuition, and that it subsidizes students from families in the lower income bracket. Too long our government has ignored the educational needs of our families that cannot afford to pay for the tuition fees for their sons and daughters. These sons and daughters are just as much a source of our nation’s promising future leaders, artists, scientists, teachers, professors, doctors, lawyers, to name a few careers, as are the students from financially well-off families. Without our government changing its policy from only supporting public school education, thousands of young, enthusiastic students from lower, and even middle class families will continue to see their hopes and dreams dashed to pieces like lost ships on a rocky shore. Do we want any of our present and future students giving up on their plans for self-improvement? Our students have already suffered decades of our government’s lack of positive intervention, and without adequate change, students will continue to suffer for decades to come. This is a national catastrophe if we continue to let down our students that have learning potential and desire for self-improvement, but lack the financial means for further education. Therefore our government must proceed to provide the means needed to resolve the situation described above. Let us persuade and push our government to take all the steps necessary to provide an ongoing program of subsidizing our universities, and all our children who are seeking higher education.
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Chen, Shin-Yi, and 陳心怡. "Scenario Analysis of Solar Energy Subsidy Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41625254291989491976.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
99
For increasing green energy and pursuing sustainable environment, the government is promoting solar PV systems. A proper subsidy policy is essential for developing PV systems. This study thus analyzes various scenarios for implementing current feed-in tariffs (FIT) subsidy policy and compares their differences based on policy cost and energy and environmental benefits. The historical progress under the previous initial-cost subsidy policy is first evaluated. The changing trends of domestic and foreign installations and system costs are also compared. To analyze the current FIT policy, three possible scenarios and various cases under each scenario are evaluated, including electricity price (EP) rise, green tax (GT), and electricity price rise with green tax. A method with two major steps is established for analyzing these scenarios. The first step forecasts installation quantities, initial costs, and feed-in tariffs, primarily based on a diffusion model and an experience curve. The second step estimates policy cost and energy and environmental benefits of each scenario case. The energy benefit is estimated based on solar radiation, average gross electricity generation, and gross electricity generation in each region. The environmental benefit is estimated according to GHG and air pollutant emission reductions. The payback periods for individual users at different regions are also evaluated. A sensitivity analysis for major parameters is also implemented. According to the simulated results, the installation quantities of EP2% cases are larger than those of GT cases. Cases for EP3% and GT750&EP2% can reach the goal of 2000 MWp in 2025, but the total subsidy will be more than NT$7x104 million. In 2025, GT&EP5% cases may reach 4% of the national gross electricity generations, which is half of the national target of the renewable energy. The estimated gross electricity generation at the abundant radiation region is more than twenty times than those at other regions. The eCO2 reductions in 2025 range between 268.3 and 6813.2 thousand tons, about 0.1 to 2.6% of the 2008 total national emission. And TSP, SOx, and NOx reductions are approximately 7.9-200.4, 108.7-2760.9, and 120.6-3061.5 tons, respectively. The payback period for the abundant radiation region is about 19 years, while the payback periods at other regions are mostly longer than 25 years. The proposed method and results are expected to facilitate related decision making and planning analyses.
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Cheng, Ya-Lin, and 鄭雅璘. "Subsidy and tax incentive of research and development strategy." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06611772256029991765.
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碩士國立中正大學
財經法律學研究所
101
Whether “research and development” is a specialized term or it’s a common sense? What expense could be counted into “research and development cost?” Who can apply to the government for supporting their research and development activities? Does our research and development strategy violate “Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures?” For improving our economic environment and encouraging firms to engage in innovative activities, the legislator has according to the economic constitution provisions drawn up “Act for Industrial Innovation.” The subsidy and tax incentive are two main methods which the legislator used to encourage companies to engage in research and development activities of Act for Industrial Innovation. As we can see, by operating the subsidy and tax incentive system, our economic growth has gradually increased recently. But although the research and development system seems has been tried to sound by the legislator; in fact, there are still some questions as I mentioned above don’t be solved. Therefore, I specially focus on these qustions which are the definition of research and development, the concept of research and development cost, the domain of applicants for the research and development strategy and the connection between the research and development strategy and Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures as my essay’s central subjects for studying.
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chia-Huang, Liao, and 廖嘉凰. "The Exploration of Earned Income Tax Subsidy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97888891506537624456.
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碩士國立臺北大學
財政學系
97
During the presidential election period in 2008, Mr. Ma Yingjiu proposed an Earned Income Tax Subsidy program (also called 468 program) to assist working poor families. Taiwan did not have serious unemployment problems before. However, both poverty and unemployment issues are becoming more important these days. Therefore, using the Earned Income Tax Subsidy program to help the poor and encourage the poor to participate in labor market may be a desirable policy. The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the effects of Earned Income Tax Subsidy program in Taiwan. The data used for this study are drawn from the 2006 Survey of Income and Expenditure (SFIE). We firstly analyze the household characteristics of eligible families. Then we investigate the program’s distributional effects by calculating Gini ratios. Lastly, we study the impact of such program on labor force participation for various groups of people, using a probit estimation method. According to our estimation results, 1.54 million families will be eligible for Earned Income Tax Subsidy program. It costs about NT$40.9 billion to enforce the program. On average, an eligible family receives NT$26,680 one year.As for the distributional effects, the Gini coefficient drops from 0.44453 to 0.43790 if the subsidy program were implemented; the subsidy program improves income distribution and reduces inequality. Furthermore, we find that wage rate subsidy produces positive effects on labor force participation. However, the positive effects are smaller for single mother households and families headed with females. We suggest that the government give higher subsidy rates to single mother households and families headed with females to encourage their participation in the labor force.
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HSU, KENG-HSIU, and 許耿修. "Performing Arts Subsidy System of the Ministry of Culture." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ppe23h.
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博士國立臺灣藝術大學
表演藝術學院表演藝術博士班
105
The main purpose of this study was to explore the status quo and the crux of the problem of the "Performing Arts Subsidy System of the Ministry of Culture". The questionnaire and the evaluation research as well as the in-depth interview were taken as the research methods after collecting the relevant literature. Additionally, the homemade questionnaire of the "Performing Arts Subsidy System of the Ministry of Culture" was used as a research tool. The research subjects were divided into two groups, namely, the person in charge of the arts organizations and the role of scholars. The author compared and contrasted the similarities and differences between these two types of subjects on the issue of the performing arts subsidy system of the Ministry of Culture. In addition, the findings of the questionnaires were verified through the in-depth interview. A total of 270 questionnaires were issued to the person in charge of the arts organizations and 183 questionnaires (67.78%) were returned completed. Moreover, 90 questionnaires were issued to the role of scholars and got 46 as valid returns. The response rate is 51.11%. Furthermore, there were 26 interviewees in this research. Besides, the valid samples were analyzed by a five-point Likert Scale. The results obtained were as follows, 1. The degree of applicant qualification was moderately relaxed; however, the degree of the review was strict in order to implement the purpose of subsidies. 2. The performing arts groups applied for the subsidy could be extended to global according to the characteristics of the teams and enhanced international visibility as well. In addition, the groups could learn from each other through observing the performance from foreign groups. 3. The insurance fees, miscellaneous fees, etc. could be increased in the application for the subsidy of the project. And the proportion of the subsidies could be assessed from the performance, execution, characteristics, creativity of the arts groups over the years. 4. In order to cooperate with the performance, the application period could be changed to the previous year from August to October, and the audits were announced in November. 5. A judge of talent pool should be established and classified to avoid the assessment of the impartiality of the questioned. Selecting judges should be a random drawing in each year and the amount of seven judges was appropriate. Moreover, the high and low values must be removed from the calculation. 6. The adoption of the phased allocation of funds was more in line with the needs of the arts groups. The groups which were less subsidy needed to be written off after funding and should adopt a flexible way to assist them in urgent need. 7. The profession of the assessor must be relevant to the nature of the group which was evaluated. Additionally, the profession of the assessor at least five people and must be present in each performance and do an assessment. Finally, the results of the study could make recommendations for the relevant government units and follow-up researchers as a reference.
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SHIH, SHUN-YAO, and 施順耀. "Photovoltaic Industry - Status and Prospects of State Subsidy Policy." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63204151513355162199.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院科技管理學程
103
"Energy" has always been a matter of human lives. The ancestors of ancient times had been known for the use of fire by rubbing sticks to get heat. Until now, humans are constantly through various channels to obtain sources of energy. However, there are repeated threats happening in global energy crisis since the twentieth century comes. People began to feel limited energy depletion eventually one day so they continue to develop the next generation of energy. No matter which can be recycled or utilized by the sun. These are so-called "Renewable Energy", and the photovoltaic energy is one kind of the energy conversion from sunlight transferring to electrical power. The development of solar photovoltaic industry originated in the late 20th century in the 1990s. Although the history of the industry is just 20 years more until today, the prosperity of the industry has been up and down of rotation for several times. The fundamental problem is on the technical threshold is too low to enter into the industry. It makes the supply of produce excessive investment and then the phenomenon of supply and demand imbalance is caused by mass production. Regard to the demand side, it is coming from every country around the world. They define the investment for renewable energy through policy formulation. However, the change in the global economic climate is becoming one of the indexes for the demand on renewable energy. These countries choose a temporary compromise for the development of energy to enhance domestic economic productivity. Once the economies revive again, the development of renewable energy will be raised up again. The main direction of this thesis is focusing on the analysis of states renewable energy policy development; in particular, the subsidy policy is directly related to the demand side. We will cite the relevant photovoltaic policies finishing in major countries, and provide the data comparison of supply side and demand side over the past decade. Via the comparison of national policies sorting, we can understand both supply side and demand side actually are the existed truth of mutual dependence. We also discuss the current states policies to against the imbalance phenomenon of supply and demand. For the future development of the photovoltaic industry, we will make timely advice to Taiwanese manufacturers or government. We wish to be able to assist manufacturers solve the current difficulties and to provide the government as an effective policy response.
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Li, Chin-fan, and 李青芳. "The Analysis of Government Subsidy of National Health Insurance." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14930966207567268623.
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Chen, Po-Ju, and 陳柏如. "Subsidy to private donation - The comparison of two policies." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06793111767210419483.
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蔡佩宜. "The Impact of Subsidy Incentives on Fertility in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24519300934595774976.
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碩士逢甲大學
財稅學系
104
In recent years, total fertility rate (TFR) has been on a downtrend in many countries. Sub-replacement fertility is a worsening issue. In order to understand the cause of declining TFR in Taiwan, this study adopts Panel Data model to explore the impact of implementing birth subsidy policy on TFR in 20 county and city governments in Taiwan during the years 1999-2014. Variables such as the level of education for women above 15 years old, female labor force participation rate, unemployment rate, family income, marriage rate, and implementation of special deduction for preschool children in county and city governments are included for empirical analysis. The results of this study show that implementation of birth subsidy policy has a significant positive impact on TFR. The impact of every New Taiwan Dollar subsidy paid on the TFR in Taiwan, North Taiwan, Central Taiwan, Southern Taiwan, and Eastern Taiwan were respectively 0.0154‰, 0.0146‰, 0.0175‰, 0.0273‰, and 0.0121‰. Furthermore, the level of education for women above 15 years old, female labor force participation rate, and unemployment rate have a significant negative impact on TFR; in which the unemployment rate has the greatest impact on total fertility rate. On the other hand, family income and marriage rate show a positive correlation with TFR. Lastly, implementation of special deduction for preschool children has no significant impact on TFR.
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Yang, Chung-Bin, and 楊崇彬. "The Innovation Hystersis of Government's R&D Subsidy." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4yk8nn.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
經濟學系
89
This thesis tries to analyze the `hystersis effect' within a two-country model originated from Grossman and Helpman (1991). We investigate how a low-tech country with less innovation activities can grab some of world market share of hi-tech products from its counterpart, the hi-tech country with more innovation activities, via government's R&D subsidy. We modified some unrealistic assumptions of Grossman and Helpman's model in their joint work Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Following Grossman and Helpman's methodology of dynamic programming, we found that the hystersis effect of low-tech government's R&D subsidy does exist under two conditions: first, the wage rate of high-tech country is greater than that of low-tech country, and second, the constant rate of innovation in high-tech country is large enough. However, the hystersis effect of low-tech country's R&D subsidy in our model can only ensure the low-tech country to increase its hi-tech market share up to a limit no matter how big or how long the subsidy is, rather than to occupy the whole market share of world's hi-tech products as concluded in Grossman and Helpman. This finding is more general in fitting the real world economy.
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chen, jia-hong, and 陳佳鴻. "A Study of Policy Development of Elderly Welfare Subsidy." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29654637273701025870.
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碩士國立中山大學
政治學研究所
94
Abstract The study aims to understand the policy development of elderly welfare subsidy. This issue was firstly proposed at end of 1991 during the election of Parliament Representatives. After 10 years development, by conducting propaganda, publishing reports and sharing experiences with local governments, the Legislative Yuan has finally established the Temporary Provision of Elderly Welfare Subsidy in May 2002 and the act is then legalized and nationalized. The related amendment has been continuing till today. Since 1991 the researcher has started the long and coherent observation; in between the history and literature analysis were applied in order to collect relevant documents. After ascertaining its historical periods and generalization, the esearch concluded that there’s significant correlation between this policy development and the democratic election. As a result, simple democratic mold is taken as the theoretic foundation and the framework is then built up. The study result shows that the election plays an important role for the formation and development of elderly welfare subsidy. The mplementation guarantees certain economic safety for the silver citizens but some “free-cost” measure did cause some fair and financial burden to the authority. It also gives a cognitive bias against social welfare. Yet the increasing silver citizens may cause financial burden to the government, the distribution of social welfare should then be well considered. A complete system of national pension has to be set up soon.
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Hsu, Sheng-hsiang, and 徐盛祥. "A Study on Rice Domestic Subsidy Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rr7d3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士佛光大學
經濟學系
96
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) has been executed since 1995. Most of the developing countries and a small number of advanced countries think that the implementation of the Aoa is not so good. This has led to a low price of agricultural commodities on the world market. Thus, in agricultural negotiation on the Doha Round shall continue to reduce the production distortions and trade subsidies. Moreover, most of the developing countries think that it is unable to eliminate the production distortions and trade subsidies rapidly with a total AMS reducing. Thus, they request to adopt: To reduce the Overall Trade Distorting Domestic Support (OTDS); To reduce the Final Bound Total AMS in accordance with a tiered formula; To limit Product-specific AMS. According to the actual data between 2003 and 2005 to calculate, it is no heavy pressure on the reducing of the OTDS and the AMS in Taiwan. As to the upper limit AMS for rice in Taiwan, its average upper limit AMS is set by the period of 1994 to 2000. Thus, the future upper limit AMS for rice is 5.06 billion. But, rice AMS in 2003 attained to 5.332 billion over the upper limit. To deal with the new round of agricultural negotiation, most of the member countries will be reduced agricultural production subsidy greatly and adopt green box or blue box that independent with price and quantities as a complement for the loss of price support program. Especially, Japan and Korea have eliminated rice price support policy and shift toward less distortion of production and trade policy. But in Taiwan, it still chose to raise price support that will proceed in opposite directions with the discipline of the new round on agricultural negotiation. It will cause an adverse for future agricultural negotiation in Taiwan. Therefore, this thesis will evaluate and review rice subsidy firstly and to analyze agricultural domestic subsidy for the possible of new disciplines secondary. In addition, this study will attempt to propose alternate rice policy to deal with new domestic subsidy disciplines.