Relevant bibliographies by topics / Handwriting examination

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Handwriting examination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Handwriting examination"

1

Herasimenkienė, Gintarė. "Handwriting examinations of historical documents." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 49 (April 18, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.6.

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In this article, some cases of historical document examinations by handwriting experts are presented: examination of an entry in Old Prussian from the 14th century, examination of a collection of proverbs from the 18th century, written in Lithuanian and German and the examination of the constitution of a monastery from the beginning of the 20th century. The author of the article shares her observations on when such examinations are possible, what challenges experts are facing and provides recommendations for the conduct of examination of historical documents.
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Cieśla, Rafał, and Jolanta Grębowiec-Baffoni. "Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 45 (December 29, 2017): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.45.6.

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This article aims at introducing the complex nature of handwriting examination for judicial purposes and the resulting competences which ahandwriting expert must have. The knowledge of neurophysiological conditioning of handwriting strokes, together with the knowledge of inks, their physical and chemical reactions with surfaces on which handwriting is applied, techniques allowing their observation and acquiring clear enlarged photographic images are indispensable for acorrect expert examination, explanation of how the conclusions were arrived at and illustrating the results. Appropriate selection of techniques of acquiring images requires not only the knowledge of optical and lighting equipment but also practical skills in its appropriate use. Thus, handwriting examination combines the knowledge from various areas: neurophysiology of movement, psychology of handwriting, chemistry, physics and use of optical equipment, which together guaran­tee objective and reliable examination yielding correct results.
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CHA, SUNG-HYUK, CHARLES C. TAPPERT, MICHAEL GIBBONS, and YI-MIN CHEE. "AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF HANDWRITING FORGERY USING A FRACTAL NUMBER ESTIMATE OF WRINKLINESS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 07 (November 2004): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003642.

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We investigate the detection of handwriting forged by novices. To facilitate document examination it is important to develop an automated system to identify forgeries, or at least to identify those handwritings that are likely to be forged. Because forgers often carefully copy or trace genuine handwriting, we hypothesize that good forgeries — those that retain the shape and size of genuine writing — are usually written more slowly and are therefore wrinklier (less smooth) than genuine writing. From online handwriting samples we find that the writing speed of the good forgeries is significantly slower than that of the genuine writings. From corresponding offline samples we find that the wrinkliness of the good forgeries is significantly greater than that of the genuine writings, showing that this feature can help identify candidate forgeries from scanned documents. Using a total of eight handwriting distance features, including the wrinkliness feature, we train a neural network to achieved 89% accuracy on detecting forged handwriting on test samples from ten writers.
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Mamchur, O. "RESEARCH OF MANUSCRIPTS, PERFORMED ON DIFFERENT SURFACES AT CONDUCTING A FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.58.

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The purpose of the article is to study the issues of qualification of objects of forensic handwriting examination. Handwritten notes made on different surfaces in the system of objects of handwriting examination are considered. Specific features of the appointment and performance of handwriting examinations in relation to handwriting objects made on different surfaces are presented. It is concluded that the identification of the performer of a particular recording is possible only when the features of the performer’s handwriting are sufficiently reflected, which in its totality are individual, that is, inherent only in the handwriting of a certain person. As a result, individual strokes and numbers that do not reflect the totality of signs of the writing of their performers, as a rule, do not allow establishing the artist of these recordings. Despite a number of factors that make it difficult to study handwritten objects made on various surfaces, the solution of identification and some diagnostic problems for this type of objects is still possible. This possibility is determined not only by the output characteristics of the handwritten note being studied, but also by the preparation for conducting the corresponding research at all stages of the appointment and carrying out forensic handwriting examination.
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Sedeyn, Marie-Jeanne. "Handwriting examination: A practical approach." Forensic Science International 36, no. 3-4 (February 1988): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(88)90139-9.

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Nikolaevich, Izyumov Ruslan. "Trends in the development of computerization of forensic handwriting examination." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 60 (February 1, 2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.60.6.

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Forensic handwriting examination is one of the most complex and controversial types of forensic research, the results of which are often disputed in court. One of the reasons for that is experts’ subjectivity. Using quantitative methods and introducing computer technology in the process of handwriting examination can increase its objectivity. Thus, the article analyzes various ways to improve handwriting research, which in the future may increase its objectivity. The author examines the development trends of quantitative methods and the use of computer technology in handwriting examination process.
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Karapetyan, M. Zh. "MAIN METHODICAL PROVISIONS AND FEATURES OF PERFORMING REPEATED HANDWRITING EXAMINATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.26.

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The paper is devoted to the general technique of research when performing repeated handwriting examinations in the Republic of Armenia which has the features inherent to all stages of expert research. It’s underlined that at the preparatory stage of research the experts, to whom the performance of a repeated examination is entrusted, should clarify a number of the circumstances important only for the repeated researches. Importance of repeated handwriting examination for the purpose of excluding inspector and court doubts concerning the primary conclusions and explanation of the reasons for discrepancies in the experts’ conclusions is noted. The paper pays special attention that in the deep and qualified analysis of an expert conclusion who performed a primary examination and in the case of discrepancy of the primary and repeated examination conclusions, the inspector and court are given with the possibility to estimate correctly both conclusions. It’s underlined that a primary goal of a handwriting expert at the stage of separate research of an object consists in revealing separate, most significant signs inherent for a definite handwriting and identification totality of signs which would individualize handwriting of a certain person. The expert evaluates the handwriting signs at all stages of the conducted research, but evaluation acquires the greatest significance after carrying out comparative research when a certain amount of coincident and/or differing signs is already revealed and the expert should define their identification importance and sufficiency for a conclusion. The attention is paid that materiality of a sign, though being an objective category, but subjective factor at identification research plays of no small important role and in the case when the expert does not possess profound knowledge in the field of forensic handwriting, sufficient experience, accuracy of visual perceptions he may come to incorrect conclusions.
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Found, Bryan J., and Carolyne Bird. "The Modular Forensic Handwriting Method - 2016 Version." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 26 (December 31, 2016): 7–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde26-7-83.

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Overview: This document provides a summary of a practical method that can be used to compare handwriting (whether text-based or signatures) in the forensic environment. It is intended to serve as an approach to forensic handwriting examination for practitioners actively involved in casework, or for those interested in investigating general aspects of the practice of forensic handwriting examination (for example researchers, academics and legal professionals). The method proposed does not cover in detail all aspects of the examination of handwriting. It does, however, form the framework of forensic handwriting methodology in the government environment in Australia and New Zealand as represented by the Document Examination Specialist Advisory Group (DocSAG). It is noted from the outset that handwriting is examined using complex human perceptual and cognitive processes that can be difficult to accurately and validly describe in written form since, for the most part, these processes are hidden. What is presented here is the agreed general approach that DocSAG practitioners use in the majority of the comparisons that they carry out. The method is based around a flow diagram which structures the comparison process and provides the reader with a guide as to the significant landmark stages commonly worked through in practical handwriting examinations. Where decision points occur within the course of the method flow diagram a series of modules have been developed which describe the nature of the decision under consideration and address relevant theoretical and practical issues. Each module is, as far as is practical, independent of other modules in the method. This assists in facilitating changes in the process over time that may result from theoretical, practical or technological advances in the field. Purchase Volume 26 - Special Issue - $40
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Bandurko, V. "COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES IN HANDWRITING RESEARCH." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.40.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of working situations that may arise with comparative samples of signatures provided for research during the relevant examinations. Possible changes in regulatory legal acts that will optimize the work of an expert during judicial handwriting examinations are highlighted. The main goal of this article is to consider the practical situations that an expert has when studying and working with comparative samples received for research. An analysis of expert practice will help minimize expert errors, which in turn will affect the objectivity of an expert’s opinion. The article sets out the situations that arise at the stage of studying materials that can affect the objectivity and categorization of an expert’s opinion: -providing free samples of signatures in documents issued to another person; -providing free samples of signatures in documents with amendments, supplements, incorrect indication of the name, and signature of the current user of the subscriber book or the owner of the document (passport). The situations discussed will help interns, novice experts in the study of materials received for research. It should be noted that a superficial approach at the stage of their research might lead to the need for additional examinations. The article can be useful to judges, assistant judges, representatives of law enforcement agencies, lawyers when assigning a handwriting examination and can help to reduce the time for the examination.
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Epstein, Gideon. "Examination of the Josef Mengele Handwriting." Journal of Forensic Sciences 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 12331J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12331j.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Handwriting examination"

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Lafone-Ward, Kate Alison. "An examination of the characteristics of disguised and traced handwriting." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5201/.

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There has recently been a lack of judicial confidence in the evidence provided by handwriting analysis which has highlighted the need for objective research to be conducted in this area. In response this study has examined the principles and practices of two of the field’s most complex areas of analysis: disguised and artificially assisted (traced) handwriting. Any claims and observations made in the literature have been reviewed and empirically tested. A body of controlled data was collected from sixty volunteers who produced samples of disguised handwriting and traced signatures. A rigorous examination of these samples has been described and quantitative evidence found to support the conclusion that the act of disguising or tracing handwriting will have a negative influence upon the appearance and structure of that writing. Results have shown that disguised and traced writings are intimately related in that they share common characteristics that are indicative of the artificial manner by which they have been produced. Other features are also identified that can be directly associated with specific types of deviant writing to allow for distinctions to be made between them. The analysis is expressed in the form of a comprehensive taxonomy of the distinctive features of deviant writing.
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Burkey, Linde Christine Rush. "Reflex of Avoidance in Spatial Restrictions for Signatures and Handwritten Entries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1421.

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Regarding the myriad disputed documents encountered within the science of forensic document examination, questioned handwriting is the most prevalent. This includes the simulation or alteration of and or additions to handwriting and signatures. The current study examined the changes that may occur in writing when given a limited amount of space. Several participants completed a survey wherein writing samples were taken under varying space allowances. These space restrictions were made under differing conditions such as boxed signatures, additions to prewritten material, and alterations to letters and numbers. The results of the study found characteristics of reflex of avoidance in the participants' handwriting. These characteristics included changes in height, width, and letter spacing in accordance to the amount of space provided. The examples of reflex of avoidance defined throughout this study may serve to assist forensic document examiners in the detection of alterations within questioned documents.
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Shih, Chih-Ho, and 石致和. "Automatic Rating of Handwriting Examination Paper by Optical Marked Character Recoginition." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10132177803564806155.

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碩士
銘傳大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
99
Examinations for teachers to understand students'' learning is essential, but there is a terrible problem that the large amount of handwriting exam papers is hard to collect, correct and post analyze. It has two solutions, one is Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and the other is Optical Mark Recognition (OMR). Both methods are good for collecting information on exams, but both technologies have their limitation. The precision of OCR for Chinese handwriting recognition is not good enough. However, OMR has high precision, but users cannot read answers quickly from the answer sheet. For OMR, the answer regions are too close such that users often write answers in the wrong place. Reference to the advantages of both, the Optical Marked Character Recognition (OMCR) was proposed, the segment display symbols to represent digits 0-9 were introduced. Users write their digits as similar as possible to segment display symbols. OMCR scans and corrects the Handwriting exam papers. With minimal impact to the case of handwriting, OMCR can automatically and rapidly correct exam papers successfully.
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Stehlík, Matěj. "Kriminalistické zkoumání ručního písma." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344462.

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Forensic Handwriting Examination The aim of this thesis is to introduce the Forensic handwriting examination as one of the disciplines of Forensic identification, to describe its methods and procedures, and to demonstrate them on specific examples. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to apply the findings described in the theoretical part of the thesis to the handwriting examination carried out by the author of the thesis, to experimentally verify some of hypotheses presented in the thesis, such as the influence of various factors on the handwriting of an individual, and to examine the most frequent methods of deliberate alteration of one's handwriting. The first chapter of the thesis is focused on the definition of the term "Handwriting Examination", on a brief examination of the history of this branch of forensic science, and on the analysis of its relations to other fields of forensic science, especially to the graphology. The following chapter describes the procedure of establishing one's handwriting habits, the influence of the Czech handwriting system taught to children, and some of the internal and external factors which influence one's handwriting. The third chapter examines the major subject matters of handwriting examination, describes several specific attributes of letters,...
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Afonso, António Brojo. "Escrita Manual em Indivíduos com Deficiência Visual: Uma Abordagem Forense." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98761.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina
Within the wide field of forensic science, the scientific examination of handwriting has one purpose: to provide information about the history of a handwriting for the benefit of a court of law. Handwriting identification, which includes the writing of the visually impaired individual, is a discriminatory process that derives from the comparison of writing habits, and an evaluation of the significance of their similarities and differences.Although there aren’t solid numbers, the 2011 Census Bureau estimates that a significant portion of the Portuguese population lives with eye conditions. These citizens have writing habits, namely in the form of signatures, and face the same risks, if not more, as the wider population. The examination of the writing of the visually impaired by handwriting examiners seems, for the most part, directed toward the identification of signatures as genuine executions of a given individual, or toward a reliable decipherment of executions that are difficult or impossible to read or to understand. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the writing of the visually impaired have never been performed on the Portuguese population.Further to what has been said above, our goal was to expand the corpus of knowledge of handwriting identification. We collected and analyzed handwriting samples from individuals with visual impairment. To achieve this end, a survey was conducted, samples were taken, and generic handwriting attributes were examined. Our findings corroborate the literature reviewed. We’ve concluded that one of the principal disadvantages of visually impaired writer is the lack or loss of feedback information that the writer with normal vision experiences with each and every movement. This lack or loss of feedback information, which restricts the writer from using references as to the form, length, and location of strokes, may stem from environmental, situational, or physiological constraints. Also, the writing characteristics of the visually impaired individual may exhibit will diverge to some extent depending on whether the vision loss occurred prior to the point in the individual’s education when writing is normally taught, or after some experience in the writing process had been acquired. Pertaining to our results, the effects of practicing straightedge writing were also noted. However, we unable to build a database to assist handwriting examiners.
As Perícias Forenses de Escrita Manual, e outras disciplinas vizinhas, estão subordinadas a um corpo teórico e em expansão, sem o qual não cumprem o serviço da justiça. Diariamente são solicitadas, ao Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária, centenas de perícias, entre as quais são pedidas perícias de Escrita Manual, onde se pretende, na maioria dos casos, averiguar a validade ou falsidade de uma assinatura suspeita. Para tal requer-se o confronto de escritas, as quais podem incluir assinaturas ou letra manuscrita de indivíduos com deficiência visual. Embora não existam números sólidos, sabe-se que uma fatia importante da população portuguesa tem dificuldades visuais. Estes cidadãos escrevem manualmente, sobretudo na forma de assinatura em documentos, e estão expostos aos mesmos riscos que a restante população.A letra manuscrita de indivíduos com deficiência visual está caracterizada na literatura, com amplitude, mas persistem dúvidas quanto ao seu valor preditivo (de que o autor da amostra manuscrita seja deficiente visual) e dificuldades na sua leitura e interpretação. Tanto quanto sabemos, não existe pesquisa deste tipo que incida sobre a população portuguesa. Face ao acima exposto, pretendeu-se com este estudo, e a sua aplicação prática, melhorar a fundamentação das perícias forenses. Por vezes chegam ao laboratório pedidos de perícia de assinaturas cujos titulares são deficientes visuais, sendo de extrema importância para o perito forense o conhecimento científico e fundamentado e o sustento das conclusões lavradas em relatório. Foram recolhidas (junto da Associação dos Cegos e Amblíopes de Portugal) e analisadas amostras manuscritas de indivíduos com deficiência visual – inquérito, recolha em papel e análise de características manuscritas gerais. Os resultados obtidos acompanham a literatura consultada. Concluímos que, na ausência de retorno visual, o indivíduo não tem informação em tempo real, a qual pode depender de causas ambientais, fisiológicas e situacionais. O rebate da perda de visão nas características manuscritas gerais diverge consoante o grau e momento de perda visual, bem como do momento em que os hábitos manuscritos maturaram, pelo que os casos de deficiência visual não são todos iguais. Observámos também os efeitos do uso de guia na aposição de assinaturas. Não catalogámos as características manuscritas gerais analisadas, nem gerámos uma base de dados para consulta dos peritos.
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Books on the topic "Handwriting examination"

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Linton, Mohammed, ed. The neuroscience of handwriting: Applications for forensic document examination. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Matley, Marcel B. QDE index: A guide to periodical articles in English on document examination, handwriting expertise and expert testimony. San Francisco: A & M Matley, 2003.

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Matley, Marcel B. QDE index: A guide to periodical literature in English on document examination, handwriting expertise, and expert testimony. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: A & M Matley, 2003.

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Woodcock, Clarissa. Does the quality of hand writing matter?: A study of the influence of handwriting upon marks using Army examination scripts. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1990.

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Hayes, Reed. Forensic Handwriting Examination. ReedWrite Press, 2006.

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Introduction to Handwriting Examination and Identification. Burnham, Inc., 1992.

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Bailey, James A. The examination of handwriting and documents. Alpha Editions, 1988.

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Caligiuri, Michael P., and Linton A. Mohammed. Neuroscience of Handwriting: Applications for Forensic Document Examination. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Caligiuri, Michael P., and Linton A. Mohammed. Neuroscience of Handwriting: Applications for Forensic Document Examination. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Koppenhaver, Katherine M. Evaluating Evidence: A Systematic Examination of the Handwriting Characteristics. Forensic Pub Joppa, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Handwriting examination"

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Angel, Miriam. "Handwriting Complexity." In Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century, 111–18. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853587-12.

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Ellen, David, Stephen Day, and Christopher Davies. "Handwriting: Accidental and Deliberate Modification." In Scientific Examination of Documents, 35–52. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | David Ellen is the main author on all earlier editions of this work.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429491917-3.

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Ellen, David, Stephen Day, and Christopher Davies. "Handwriting: The Collection of Samples." In Scientific Examination of Documents, 83–90. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | David Ellen is the main author on all earlier editions of this work.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429491917-5.

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Wooton, Elaine X., and Donna O. Eisenberg. "Examination of Foreign-Influenced Handwriting." In Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century, 119–29. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853587-13.

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Merlino, Mara L. "Cognitive Bias and Handwriting Examination." In Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century, 35–54. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853587-5.

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Totty, Richard N. "Recent Developments in Handwriting Examination." In Forensic Science Progress, 91–128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58233-2_3.

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Harralson, Heidi H., and Larry S. Miller. "History of Forensic Document Examination." In Huber and Headrick’s Handwriting Identification, 1–8. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315152462-1.

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Bird, Carolyne. "Evaluation of Handwriting Evidence." In Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century, 81–103. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853587-10.

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Nestorov, Dobrin, and Detelina Georgieva. "Effect of Handwriting Changes on the Possibilities for Computerized Handwriting Examination." In Biometric Authentication, 191–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13386-7_15.

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Vastrick, Thomas W. "Frequency of Occurrence Proportions in Handwriting." In Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century, 131–36. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853587-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Handwriting examination"

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Spagnolo, Giuseppe Schirripa, Beatrice Calabrese, and Gianluca Ferrari. "Color separation to facilitate handwriting examination." In 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2012.6217832.

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Parziale, Antonio, Adolfo Santoro, Angelo Marcelli, Anna Paola Rizzo, Cristiano Molinari, Andrea Giuseppe Cappuzzo, and Fabio Fontana. "An Interactive Tool for Forensic Handwriting Examination." In 2014 14th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2014.80.

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Marcelli, Angelo, Antonio Parziale, and Claudio De Stefano. "Quantitative evaluation of features for Forensic Handwriting Examination." In 2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333952.

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Parziale, Antonio, Adolfo Santoro, and Angelo Marcelli. "Writer Verification in Forensic Handwriting Examination: A Pilot Study." In 2016 15th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2016.0089.

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Srihari, Sargur N., and Kirsten Singer. "Role of Automation in the Examination of Handwritten Items." In 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfhr.2012.263.

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Cha, Sung-Hyuk, Sungsoo Yoon, Charles C. Tappert, and Yillbyung Lee. "Computer-assisted handwriting style identification system for questioned document examination." In Electronic Imaging 2005, edited by Amir Said and John G. Apostolopoulos. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.584979.

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Kulik, Sergey, and Denis Nikonets. "Forensic handwriting examination and human factors: Improving the practice through automation and expert training." In 2016 Third International Conference on Digital Information Processing, Data Mining, and Wireless Communications (DIPDMWC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dipdmwc.2016.7529393.

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Suwanwiwat, Hemmaphan, Michael Blumenstein, and Umapada Pal. "Short answer question examination using an automatic off-line handwriting recognition system and a novel combined feature." In 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2015.7280538.

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Reports on the topic "Handwriting examination"

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Jarman, Kristin H., Richard C. Hanlen, and P. A. Manzolillo. Handwriting Examination: Moving from Art to Science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15001462.

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Jarman, K. H., R. C. Hanlen, and P. A. Manzolillo. Handwriting Examination: Moving from Art to Science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5703.

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Taylor, Melissa. Forensic Handwriting Examination and Human Factors: Improving the Practice Through a Systems Approach. National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8282r1.

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Forensic handwriting examination and human factors:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8282.

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