Journal articles: 'Handwriting examination'

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Herasimenkienė, Gintarė. "Handwriting examinations of historical documents." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 49 (April 18, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.6.

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In this article, some cases of historical document examinations by handwriting experts are presented: examination of an entry in Old Prussian from the 14th century, examination of a collection of proverbs from the 18th century, written in Lithuanian and German and the examination of the constitution of a monastery from the beginning of the 20th century. The author of the article shares her observations on when such examinations are possible, what challenges experts are facing and provides recommendations for the conduct of examination of historical documents.

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Cieśla, Rafał, and Jolanta Grębowiec-Baffoni. "Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 45 (December 29, 2017): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.45.6.

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This article aims at introducing the complex nature of handwriting examination for judicial purposes and the resulting competences which ahandwriting expert must have. The knowledge of neurophysiological conditioning of handwriting strokes, together with the knowledge of inks, their physical and chemical reactions with surfaces on which handwriting is applied, techniques allowing their observation and acquiring clear enlarged photographic images are indispensable for acorrect expert examination, explanation of how the conclusions were arrived at and illustrating the results. Appropriate selection of techniques of acquiring images requires not only the knowledge of optical and lighting equipment but also practical skills in its appropriate use. Thus, handwriting examination combines the knowledge from various areas: neurophysiology of movement, psychology of handwriting, chemistry, physics and use of optical equipment, which together guarantee objective and reliable examination yielding correct results.

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CHA, SUNG-HYUK, CHARLES C. TAPPERT, MICHAEL GIBBONS, and YI-MIN CHEE. "AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF HANDWRITING FORGERY USING A FRACTAL NUMBER ESTIMATE OF WRINKLINESS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 07 (November 2004): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003642.

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We investigate the detection of handwriting forged by novices. To facilitate document examination it is important to develop an automated system to identify forgeries, or at least to identify those handwritings that are likely to be forged. Because forgers often carefully copy or trace genuine handwriting, we hypothesize that good forgeries — those that retain the shape and size of genuine writing — are usually written more slowly and are therefore wrinklier (less smooth) than genuine writing. From online handwriting samples we find that the writing speed of the good forgeries is significantly slower than that of the genuine writings. From corresponding offline samples we find that the wrinkliness of the good forgeries is significantly greater than that of the genuine writings, showing that this feature can help identify candidate forgeries from scanned documents. Using a total of eight handwriting distance features, including the wrinkliness feature, we train a neural network to achieved 89% accuracy on detecting forged handwriting on test samples from ten writers.

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Mamchur, O. "RESEARCH OF MANUSCRIPTS, PERFORMED ON DIFFERENT SURFACES AT CONDUCTING A FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.58.

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The purpose of the article is to study the issues of qualification of objects of forensic handwriting examination. Handwritten notes made on different surfaces in the system of objects of handwriting examination are considered. Specific features of the appointment and performance of handwriting examinations in relation to handwriting objects made on different surfaces are presented. It is concluded that the identification of the performer of a particular recording is possible only when the features of the performer’s handwriting are sufficiently reflected, which in its totality are individual, that is, inherent only in the handwriting of a certain person. As a result, individual strokes and numbers that do not reflect the totality of signs of the writing of their performers, as a rule, do not allow establishing the artist of these recordings. Despite a number of factors that make it difficult to study handwritten objects made on various surfaces, the solution of identification and some diagnostic problems for this type of objects is still possible. This possibility is determined not only by the output characteristics of the handwritten note being studied, but also by the preparation for conducting the corresponding research at all stages of the appointment and carrying out forensic handwriting examination.

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Sedeyn, Marie-Jeanne. "Handwriting examination: A practical approach." Forensic Science International 36, no. 3-4 (February 1988): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(88)90139-9.

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Nikolaevich, Izyumov Ruslan. "Trends in the development of computerization of forensic handwriting examination." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 60 (February 1, 2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.60.6.

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Forensic handwriting examination is one of the most complex and controversial types of forensic research, the results of which are often disputed in court. One of the reasons for that is experts’ subjectivity. Using quantitative methods and introducing computer technology in the process of handwriting examination can increase its objectivity. Thus, the article analyzes various ways to improve handwriting research, which in the future may increase its objectivity. The author examines the development trends of quantitative methods and the use of computer technology in handwriting examination process.

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Karapetyan, M. Zh. "MAIN METHODICAL PROVISIONS AND FEATURES OF PERFORMING REPEATED HANDWRITING EXAMINATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.26.

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The paper is devoted to the general technique of research when performing repeated handwriting examinations in the Republic of Armenia which has the features inherent to all stages of expert research. It’s underlined that at the preparatory stage of research the experts, to whom the performance of a repeated examination is entrusted, should clarify a number of the circumstances important only for the repeated researches. Importance of repeated handwriting examination for the purpose of excluding inspector and court doubts concerning the primary conclusions and explanation of the reasons for discrepancies in the experts’ conclusions is noted. The paper pays special attention that in the deep and qualified analysis of an expert conclusion who performed a primary examination and in the case of discrepancy of the primary and repeated examination conclusions, the inspector and court are given with the possibility to estimate correctly both conclusions. It’s underlined that a primary goal of a handwriting expert at the stage of separate research of an object consists in revealing separate, most significant signs inherent for a definite handwriting and identification totality of signs which would individualize handwriting of a certain person. The expert evaluates the handwriting signs at all stages of the conducted research, but evaluation acquires the greatest significance after carrying out comparative research when a certain amount of coincident and/or differing signs is already revealed and the expert should define their identification importance and sufficiency for a conclusion. The attention is paid that materiality of a sign, though being an objective category, but subjective factor at identification research plays of no small important role and in the case when the expert does not possess profound knowledge in the field of forensic handwriting, sufficient experience, accuracy of visual perceptions he may come to incorrect conclusions.

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Found, Bryan J., and Carolyne Bird. "The Modular Forensic Handwriting Method - 2016 Version." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 26 (December 31, 2016): 7–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde26-7-83.

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Overview: This document provides a summary of a practical method that can be used to compare handwriting (whether text-based or signatures) in the forensic environment. It is intended to serve as an approach to forensic handwriting examination for practitioners actively involved in casework, or for those interested in investigating general aspects of the practice of forensic handwriting examination (for example researchers, academics and legal professionals). The method proposed does not cover in detail all aspects of the examination of handwriting. It does, however, form the framework of forensic handwriting methodology in the government environment in Australia and New Zealand as represented by the Document Examination Specialist Advisory Group (DocSAG). It is noted from the outset that handwriting is examined using complex human perceptual and cognitive processes that can be difficult to accurately and validly describe in written form since, for the most part, these processes are hidden. What is presented here is the agreed general approach that DocSAG practitioners use in the majority of the comparisons that they carry out. The method is based around a flow diagram which structures the comparison process and provides the reader with a guide as to the significant landmark stages commonly worked through in practical handwriting examinations. Where decision points occur within the course of the method flow diagram a series of modules have been developed which describe the nature of the decision under consideration and address relevant theoretical and practical issues. Each module is, as far as is practical, independent of other modules in the method. This assists in facilitating changes in the process over time that may result from theoretical, practical or technological advances in the field. Purchase Volume 26 - Special Issue - $40

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Bandurko, V. "COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES IN HANDWRITING RESEARCH." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.40.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of working situations that may arise with comparative samples of signatures provided for research during the relevant examinations. Possible changes in regulatory legal acts that will optimize the work of an expert during judicial handwriting examinations are highlighted. The main goal of this article is to consider the practical situations that an expert has when studying and working with comparative samples received for research. An analysis of expert practice will help minimize expert errors, which in turn will affect the objectivity of an expert’s opinion. The article sets out the situations that arise at the stage of studying materials that can affect the objectivity and categorization of an expert’s opinion: -providing free samples of signatures in documents issued to another person; -providing free samples of signatures in documents with amendments, supplements, incorrect indication of the name, and signature of the current user of the subscriber book or the owner of the document (passport). The situations discussed will help interns, novice experts in the study of materials received for research. It should be noted that a superficial approach at the stage of their research might lead to the need for additional examinations. The article can be useful to judges, assistant judges, representatives of law enforcement agencies, lawyers when assigning a handwriting examination and can help to reduce the time for the examination.

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Epstein, Gideon. "Examination of the Josef Mengele Handwriting." Journal of Forensic Sciences 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 12331J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12331j.

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Zhizhina, M. V., and I. R. Yagut’yan. "On the Form and Content of a Forensic Handwriting Expert’s Opinion." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-2-51-60.

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The content of a forensic handwriting expert’s opinion has been holding attention of both research scientists and practicing experts for many decades now since it is not only an essential evidence in court often being crucial to deciding on a case but also a document bringing together procedural and scientific methodological elements. Forensic handwriting examination is much in demand for court, it is also profoundly and comprehensively developed, supported by detailed methodological recommendations on drafting and processing of an expert’s opinion. However, the analysis of experts’ opinions from state forensic institutions as well as from non-state brought to light several shortcomings which do not enhance their evidentiary status. This applies in particular to performing the forensic examination by non-state experts who tend to lack competence. At the same time the number of forensic handwriting examinations assigned by court to the non-state forensic institutions prevails significantly.The most common mistakes made by the handwriting experts when drafting opinions are reviewed in the article, some ways to resolve them are proposed. The need to provide methodological recommendations for forensic handwriting experts incorporating current requirements to the experts’ opinions is acknowledged.

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Yaroshchuk, I. A., and K. V. Grinevich. "Problematic Issues of a Signature Examination as a Small Volume Handwriting Object." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.129.8.141-151.

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The paper highlights the current state of the theory and practice of forensic handwriting analysis of signatures, main provisions and definitions. Topical issues of the study of signatures as a kind of small volume handwriting objects are considered. The problems of the study of a signature produced by using high-tech devices, i.e. plotters, or draft machines, are touched upon. The authors carry out an analysis of such objects taking into account the pressure characteristics of the signature, the differentiation of the original signature and its imitation. The problems of the study of signatures made with the help of copiers and the ways of their solution are considered. Some topical problems of the theory and practice of forensic handwriting examination are presented, the need to adapt the theoretical provisions of certain private methods to modern handwriting objects is indicated. In addition, the paper deals with the use of special knowledge of experts in the field of forensic handwriting studies and technical and forensic examination of documents.

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Kondraciuk, Konrad. "Another view on handwriting samples: „inverted repeatability”." Issues of Forensic Science 307 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2020.307.1.

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The article takes up the issue of a different approach to materials being subject to classical document examination and refers to repeatable forms, which have an important function in handwriting analysis. Basing on examinations of writing samples originating from different individuals, an occurrence of a repeatable form departing from the official definition has been observed, i.e. “inverted repeatability”. It constitutes a variation of the traditional repeatable form, i.e. the compared elements are inverted and executed in opposite directions. Below, examples and results of the research work are presented. The very nature of the “inverted repeatability” in classical document examination is emphasized with reference to writing habits and traditional repeatable forms.

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Brіukhan, S. F., and N. V. Sirotenko. "PECULIARITIES OF PERFORMING MULTIOBJECT FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATIONS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.33.

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The specifics of multiobject forensic handwriting examination is considered. Urgency of their performing and the importance for making decisions on the case are underlined. Attention is drawn to the solution of specific problems that require different approaches, depending on the nature of research objects. Multistage character of research on a multitude of handwriting objects is singled out and features of a separate stage, namely preliminary research are considered. Importance of this stage for the further research planning, selection of the corresponding separate techniques by expert, construction of expert versions is revealed. It is pointed out that methods of performing multiobject handwriting examination at the stage of preliminary research has features that distinguish it from other handwriting methods. Issues related to familiarization with the submitted materials, verification of comparability of samples and establishment of comparative material sufficiency are touched upon. Importance of resolving the issue regarding the need to send an application by a expert is noted. Also, the completion of the preliminary research stage by the formulation of general and private versions per se of the tasks assigned to expert is noted. Recently expert practice requires from experts not only to update methodological approaches in solving handwriting tasks when granting a large number of objects, but also to improve methods of performing relevant research. Above mentioned sequence of research stages can be one of the types of guarantee for full and comprehensive objective research on a large number of objects, an serve the basis for a correct expert decision. Consideration of the issues of features on the stage of preliminary research in carrying out a multiobject handwriting examination is important for handwriting experts, both beginners and with great experience.

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Srihari, Sargur N., Barish Srinivasan, and Kartik Desai. "Questioned Document Examination Using CEDAR-FOX." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 28 (December 31, 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde28-15-26.

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Handwriting verification casework often involves comparing the writing in a questioned document with samples of known writing. This paper describes the use of CEDAR-FOX, a software tool for questioned document examination, in a case involving extended writing. The different steps involved from scanning the documents to obtaining a nine-point qualitative measure are described. The various algorithms used, along with a demonstration of its. functionalities on the case are also described. The paper serves two purposes: a guide to using a stateof- the-art software system for a quantitative analysis of handwriting, and an introduction to the science and technology of the software. Purchase Article - $10

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Dikevych, K. "THE CYBERNETIC MODELING METHOD APPLICATION IN FOREIGN PRACTICE IN WRITING FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.72.

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This article examines the experience of foreign practice over the past several decades in the field of creating a scientific basis for forensic examination of handwriting, as well as software and software systems that automate some of the examination processes. Shared with: tools that compute functions and provide visualizations to assist the handwriting researcher; verification methods that ensure the degree of consistency between the questioned and the sample documents; identification methods that narrow the search in the electronic document repository with the authors available in it. Various methods of computer scanning and pattern recognition, which have been developed over the past 40 years, are investigated to the problems of identification of the writer and the authenticity/personality of handwriting. It has been established that the ability to use handwriting to identify a person is of great importance for the justice systems and law enforcement agencies. Over the past 30 years, there has been a limited amount of research on the use of computers to improve and automate the analysis performed by forensic handwriting experts. Based on the study, the need for further research is emphasized to obtain new tools in the form of computer programs for solving identification and diagnostic problems, obtaining new tools in the form of computer programs to identify disguised handwriting, as well as to help restore or decipher damaged or partially destroyed documents

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Tetyukhin, I. N., and K. G. Engovatova. "History and Milestones of Forensic Handwriting Examination." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 3(57) (2015): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2015.03.pp.254-256.

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Crown, D. A. "Practical aspects of the Mengele handwriting examination." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(87)72701-7.

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Li, Chi‐keung. "Competency for Chinese Handwriting and Signature Examination." Journal of Forensic Sciences 64, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13895.

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Łuszczuk, Krystyn, Mieczysław Goc, and Andrzej Łuszczuk. "Use of scangraphy for computer visualization of handwritten text shading." Issues of Forensic Science 300 (2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2018.300.4.

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The article indicates the importance of computer programs as tools supporting the handwriting expertise and increasing its objectivity. Some of these programs are based on computer scangraphy. Scangraphy is a handwriting examination method in which a text sample is treated as a raster image (a bitmap), i.e. a set of single (dots) pixels. The bitmap pixel pattern can be tested in a variety of different ways, as required. The article describes the first computer program to use scangraphy in handwriting examination.

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Leśniak, Marek. "Chosen problems in forensic examining of signatures placed on paintings." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 59 (November 9, 2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.59.7.

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In the context of current forensic knowledge and practice, using the handwriting analysis method to examine a painter’s signature does not give rise to any objections. It allows such an examination to be more transparent. The article presents a certain specificity which characterizes painter signatures. Such distinctions reveal themselves at various stages of analysis: examining the location of the questioned signature; qualifying examination of the questioned signature; determining the scope of handwriting features considered under the examination; determining the range of variability in handwriting characteristics in the comparative material; determining the degree of variability in the same characteristics in the questioned signature. The article also raises the issue of experts’ competencies, particularly significant in examining painting signatures.

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Craythorne, Brian. "Using forensic handwriting principles for rapid signature screening." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 59 (November 9, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.59.4.

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Examination of a signature is a lengthy process conducted under laboratory conditions, requiring precision and caution. When a rapid screening of signatures is required, the basic principles of forensic signature comparison can be adapted. Learning points from signature screening examinations are outlined to aid handwriting experts in carrying out similar procedures.

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Марочкина, В. В., and М. В. Бобовкин. "Forensic handwriting examination: problems of validation and standardization." Ius Publicum et Privatum, no. 5(15) (December 28, 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811-2021-5-104-108.

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В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы, касающиеся таких аспектов, как валидация и стандартизация методик судебно-почерковедческих экспертиз. В российской судебной экспертологии (теории судебной экспертизы) эта область остается малоразработанной ввиду отсутствия нормативных и методических регуляторов, описывающих концепцию соответствующих видов деятельности. В настоящее время законодатель не обязывает валидировать традиционные методики, однако все более остро встает вопрос унификации методического обеспечения, используемого при производстве и оформлении заключений экспертами различных ведомств, а также негосударственными судебными экспертами. Предпринятые попытки, направленные на достижение упорядоченности методического комплекса, не привели к ожидаемым результатам. Стандартизация должна иметь основу, которая позволит определить тот набор методических средств, который подлежит унификации. Таким инструментом мониторинга качества методического обеспечения судебно-почерковедческой экспертизы может стать валидация. Авторами предлагается концепция проверки пригодности методического обеспечения судебно-почерковедческой экспертизы, которая позволит не только усовершенствовать действующие методики, но и разработать новые методы решения назревших вопросов судебного почерковедения. The article discusses topical issues related to the aspects of validation and standardization of methods of forensic handwriting examinations. In Russian forensic expertise (the theory of forensic examination) this area remains underdeveloped due to the lack of regulatory and methodological regulators describing the concept of these types of activities. Currently the legislator does not oblige to validate traditional methods, however, the issue of unifying the methodological support used in the production and execution of opinions by experts from various departments as well as by non-state forensic experts is becoming more and more acute. The attempts made to achieve the orderliness of the methodological complex did not lead to the expected results. Standardization should have a basis that will allow you to determine the set of methodological tools that are subject to unification. Validation can become such a tool for monitoring the quality of methodological support of forensic handwriting examination. The authors propose a concept for testing the suitability of the methodological support of forensic handwriting examination, which will not only improve the existing methods but also develop new methods for solving urgent issues of forensic handwriting studies.

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Sidel’nikova, Larisa V., and Inna R. Yagut’yan. "The Creative Heritage of Valeria Fedorovna Orlova as the Basis of Domestic Forensic Handwriting Examination." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-3-96-104.

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The article is dedicated to the biography and scientific creativity of an eminent scientist, Doctor of Law, professor Valeria Fedorovna Orlova (18.01.1926–18.03.2021), who devoted her life to forensic handwriting examination. The author addresses V.F. Orlova’s main theoretical works and methodologies, and textbooks created under her supervision. The article introduces the main tasks and capacities of forensic handwriting examination in our country.

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Bodrov, Nikolay. "From experts practice of revealing obliterated and obscured notes and signatures." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 44 (December 29, 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.44.5.

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This article focuses on the analysis of practice, which allows for identification of hidden texts and signatures. The examples of subsequent handwriting researches of detected notes, signatures and people, on whose behalf they were made, are given. In this article there is a description of optical research of dashes, which were created by common and special pens. The author formulated all practical recommendations about working with research equipment, programs and creating illustrations phototable to expert testimony. There are several findings: 1 the aggressive impact on the document sometimes does not preclude the successful handwriting identification of the remote notes and signatures perpetrator; 2 based on the outcome of the practice analysis, it points to the need of joining two specialties: «technical and criminalistics examination» and «forensic handwriting examination» due to the fact that practicing experts in the handwriting field often make mistakes.

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Varshney, V. P., and Mona Bedi. "Lacunae in Forensic Handwriting Examination: Scope for Exploitation." MAMC Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mamcjms.mamcjms_25_19.

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Lowis, Michael J., and Sarah Mooney. "Examination Performance and Graphological Analysis of Students' Handwriting." Perceptual and Motor Skills 93, no. 2 (October 2001): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.367.

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LOWIS, MICHAEL J. "EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE AND GRAPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' HANDWRITING." Perceptual and Motor Skills 93, no. 6 (2001): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.93.6.367-381.

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Kerniakevych-Tanasiichuk, Yuliia V., Viktor S. Sezonov, Iryna M. Nychytailo, Maryna A. Savchuk, and Iryna V. Tsareva. "Problems of forensic identification of handwriting in forensic examination." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.195-204.

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The handwritten signature as a characteristic of authentication has been legally and publicly recognised for centuries and has been used in the forensic field for many decades to identify an author. Approaches to biometric user authentication developed in recent years are also based in part on handwriting characteristics, such as automatic signature verification. This article systematically identifies handwriting features published in forensics and analyses which of these properties can be adapted as biometrics to verify the user. A user verification procedure based on a set of 14 forensic characteristics is presented, which is integrated into the biometric verification procedure. The results of the verification of these forensic features are compared in detailed tests with the features of non-forensic data, and it is shown that significant improvements in false detection rates can be achieved by including forensics. For hundreds of years, handwritten signatures have been legally and socially recognised as authentication. The reason for this is the uniqueness of human handwriting. Although a forger with some practice may visually imitate another person’s text or signature, the typical traces resulting from the (studied) behaviour of a victim of forgery are difficult to copy. To check the record, the pressure force of all overlay points with a pen at the beginning or inside the word, written letters on the weight are used. In addition, the way a writer unconsciously or even consciously connects words, letters, or parts of letters to each other is a specific trait for that person. In a forensic examination, experts examine these and other features to prove or disprove the authenticity of signatures or documents. In the field of forensic science, there are many procedures offered based on physical handwriting samples to determine a writer

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Kaur, Amanpreet, Mohinder Singh, and Om Prakash Jasuja. "Interscript comparison of handwriting features leading to their identification and authorship." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 45 (December 29, 2017): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.45.3.

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Identification of handwriting found on the disputed document by comparison with the known handwriting samples of the suspect still comprise the problem which is most commonly referred to a forensic document examiner. One of the important scientifically established principles which govern such analysis and identification is the ‘Principle of Comparison’ which explicitly states that, for obtaining correct results, like has to be compared with like; meaning thereby that the expert has to analyze and rely upon similar letters and combinations between the questioned and the standard handwriting samples and, consequently, the problems where similar handwriting samples in the same script have not been provided for comparison; usually fall outside the scope of forensic document examination. However, in this field, like any other human activity; perfect and ideal conditions are hard to achieve. Handwriting, being acquired skill and neuro-muscular controlled motor activity, its basic elements like the horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, loops, curves and arches etc., are combined together to form letters and alphabets of all the scripts. The question then arises — whether inter-script comparison of handwriting samples can be attempted leading to some limited or qualified conclusions. Thus, if it becomes possible and practicable to examine and compare the basic elements of questioned handwriting in one script, say Devanagri with the similar elements found in specimen/ admitted handwriting samples in another script by the same writer, say Gurmukhi, because sample handwritings in Devanagri could not be procured for whatsoever reasons; the scope of examination can be widened further and expert may be in a position to express some opinion regarding their common authorship or otherwise, which may be found worthwhile to the investigating agency or the court of law, thereby helping in the administration of justice ultimately.To the best of our knowledge, not much research is available, where writings produced in different scripts by the same writer could be compared, thereby leading to a definite opinion on the issue of their common authorship or otherwise. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore this issue by taking writing samples of the same writer in three scripts, having knowledge of all the three commonly used languages, i.e., English, Hindi, and Punjabi, corresponding to the said scripts i.e., Roman, Devanagari and Gurumukhi. Three hundred sixty 360 writing samples were obtained from as many as 40 individuals appropriately skilled in writing, reading and speaking these languages/ scripts. Careful study and evaluation of the basic elements of written strokes whose execution were found to be similar in all the three scripts has been carried out indicating the possibility of ‘Script Independent Comparison’. Limitations of the proposed study have also been discussed in the paper.

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Dziechciaruk, Janusz. "Reflections on the nature of individuality in the process of identifying handwriting and signatures." Problems of Forensic Sciences, no. 125 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.002.14782.

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The fundamental principle of identification, based on the condition that there is a unique combination of independent discriminating elements in handwriting, is analysed. The results of experiments conducted on distorted handwriting suggest that there may only be one handwriting habit that is responsible for the individuality of handwriting. By analysing disguised and simulated signatures and applying the isochrony principle, it seems reasonable to conclude that the mutual interaction between the speed of writing and the curvature of a graphic line is the only habit, and the quality of a graphic line the only feature responsible for the individuality of handwriting. The article introduces a number of ideas for evaluating the quality of a graphic line during handwriting examination, and a number of new opportunities for research into biometric electronic signatures.

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UEDA, KATSUHIKO, KEN'ICHI MATSUO, and BONNIE L. SCHWID. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALITY OF JAPANESE HANDWRITING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, no. 05 (August 2009): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007545.

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A handwriting examination to determine the writer (writer verification and writer identification) is based upon the hypothesis that each person has characteristic handwriting that is distinct from the handwriting of other individuals. This hypothesis has been accepted empirically through many case studies. However, this hypothesis must be established with scientific and quantitative rigor in order to increase its admissibility as forensic evidence. This paper describes the results of a quantitative investigation into individuality of Japanese handwriting. The authors investigated the individuality (consistency and discriminability) of normal Japanese handwriting using variation entropy and writer verification algorithms. We also compared these results with the analysis results of Japanese signatures that we investigated previously. The authors discuss the differences of individuality between normal handwriting and signatures. Individuality of normal handwriting becomes noticeable as the number of strokes increases, and varies with the complexity of the character class. Although individuality of both normal handwriting and signatures also depends on the writer, this is more noticeable for signatures. It is important that these facts are considered in actual forensic analysis of Japanese handwriting.

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Konarowska, Urszula, and Mieczysław Goc. "Examination of the relative age of documents. Part II Document dating examination of non-intersecting handwriting and laser print." Issues of Forensic Science 286 (2014): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2014.286.2.

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The article presents the results of the examination of dating non-intersecting handwriting and laser print. Based on microscopic viewing, typical features of writing made in blank and put through a laser printer, were isolated and described.

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Alewijnse, L. C., E. J. A. T. Mattijssen, and R. D. Stoel. "Minimizing Bias in Forensic Handwriting Examinations." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 25 (December 31, 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde25-17-26.

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The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the increasing awareness about the potential bias on the interpretation and conclusions of forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) by contextual information. We briefly provide the reader with an overview of relevant types of bias, the difficulties associated with studying bias, the sources of bias and their potential influence on the decision making process in casework, and solutions to minimize bias in casework. We propose that the limitations of published studies on bias need to be recognized and that their conclusions must be interpreted with care. Instead of discussing whether bias is an issue in casework, the forensic handwriting community should actually focus on how bias can be minimized in practice. As some authors have already shown (e.g., Found & Ganas, 2014), it is relatively easy to implement context information management procedures in practice. By introducing appropriate procedures to minimize bias, not only forensic handwriting examination will be improved, it will also increase the acceptability of the provided evidence during court hearings. Purchase Article - $10

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Fisher, M. Patricia. "Interview with Bryan Found, Bsc DipEd GradDipNeuroSci PhD - A Discussion of Issues Around Human Factors and Bias in Forensic Handwriting Examinations:." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 25 (December 31, 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde25-5-16.

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Since the late 1980s, Dr. Bryan Found, the Chief Forensic Scientist at the Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department in Australia, has accomplished more than any other researcher in the world to develop the science of handwriting identification. He has been an unrelenting advocate for not permitting biasing or context irrelevant information to enter into forensic handwriting examinations. Since the late 1980s, Dr. Found has been invited to over 20 countries to present workshops on the science of handwriting individualization and on human factors. Most recently he was invited to be a speaker for a plenary session at the International Symposium on Forensic Science Error Management sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in July 2015. He, along with his colleagues, have published over 40 peer- reviewed forensic scientific journal articles (including the Journal of Forensic Document Examination (JFDE)), 44 conference abstracts, and three invited book and encyclopaedia chapters. Dr. Found is currently the Chief Forensic Scientist for one of the world’s largest multi-disciplinary laboratories where he continues to see that laboratory develops and maintains the highest standards for forensic laboratories. These standards include educating practitioners, staff members, investigators, and attorneys about cognitive factors that include the potential impact of exposing practitioners to domain irrelevant context information. JFDE Editor interviewed Dr. Found to learn the importance of understanding how cognitive factors come into play in handwriting examinations and what procedures forensic handwriting examiners can consider to reduce the potential for bias and human errors. Purchase Article - $10

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Marsh, Fiona. "Forensic Handwriting Comparison and Other Aspects of Document Examination." Medico-Legal Journal 74, no. 2 (January 2006): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmlj.74.2.44.

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Marsh, F. "Forensic Handwriting Comparison and Other Aspects of Document Examination." Medico-Legal Journal 74, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/spmlj.74.2.44.

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Li, Chi-Keung, Chi-Ting Yang, Nai-Leung Poon, and Wing-Kam Fung. "Significance of Sequence of Strokes in Chinese Handwriting Examination." Journal of Forensic Sciences 52, no. 2 (March 2007): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00355.x.

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Chernov, Y. G., and Zh A. Zholdasova. "Markers of Alzheimer’s disease in handwriting." Russian neurological journal 26, no. 6 (January 6, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2021-26-6-16-28.

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The aim of the research. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. One of the potential tools for early detection of the onset of the disease is the handwriting analysis. It can be a warning signal for a serious medical investigation. The dynamics of handwriting changes are also a good indicator of the progression of the disease and the eff ectiveness of therapy. Methods. The authors have developed two corresponding tests. The fi rst (AD-HS) allows the assessment of handwriting markers of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease from an available handwriting sample. The second (ADHC) is designed to assess dynamics by comparing two handwritten documents written at diff erent times. Results. The pilot study includes 16 patients who were found to be at diff erent stages of the disease by medical examination. They all provided old handwriting samples dated 10–20 years ago and new handwriting samples specifi cally written as part of the experiment. Evaluation of 36 handwriting characteristics showed that both tests were eff ective in identifying Alzheimer’s disease and its stage. The correlation between the handwriting analysis and the medical test result was 0.62. Conclusion. Further refi nement of the proposed tests and expansion of the research base will enable handwriting exercises to be incorporated into supportive therapy to slow the progression of the disease.

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Bakhteev, Dmitry V., and Alexey V. Antropov. "Forensic examination of anonymous handwritten documents in order to obtain data on the identity of their author and performer." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 49 (April 18, 2019): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.49.2.

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The anonymous document as an object of forensic research has an information field that is subject to study by three groups of scientific disciplines: handwriting, technical research of documents and forensic linguistics. Stability and reproducibility characteristics of handwriting and written speech allows us to identify the author and performer of an anonymous message, as demonstrated by the example of the authorsʼ practice.

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Wallen, Margaret, Mary-Ann Bonney, and Lyn Lennox. "Interrater Reliability of the Handwriting Speed Test." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 17, no. 4 (October 1997): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929701700404.

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The Handwriting Speed Test (HST), a standardized, norm-referenced test, was developed to provide an objective evaluation of the handwriting speed of school students from approximately 8 to 18 years of age. Part of the test development involved an examination of interrater reliability. Two raters scored 165 (13%) of the total 1292 handwriting samples. Using intraclass correlation coefficients, the interrater reliability was found to be excellent (ICC=1.00, P<0.0001). The process of examining interrater reliability resulted in modification to the scoring criteria of the test. Excellent interrater reliability provides support for the HST as a valuable clinical and research tool.

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Bandurko, V. "TO BE OR NOT TO BE, THE CONCLUSION OF THE HANDWRITING EXPERTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.70.

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The thesis is aimed at considering situations that arise during the performance of handwriting examinations in which conclusions are possible that have various legal consequences for the parties to the trial. This is because of the fact that when assigning a handwriting examination, there are situations when a small number of signature samples are provided for a comparative study or the interested party of the torturer misleads the expert by providing false signature samples. By carefully studying the case materials, the expert manages to establish additional samples of signatures, which are not mentioned in the document on the appointment of a handwriting examination. It helps the expert to determine and come to a categorical conclusion which case the signature in the document under study was affixed not by the person himself, but by another person. Or confirm the fact with one hundred percent certainty that the signature was made by one of the relatives. In such cases, if it were not for additional samples from the case materials, it is possible for an expert to come to a false conclusion. The question may arise whether the expert violates sub-clause 3, clause 2.3. Instructions, the expert is prohibited from: “independently collecting materials that are subject to research, as well as choosing outgoing data for the examination, if they are displayed ambiguously in the materials provided to him/her”. But clause 2.1. of the Instruction state that the expert has the right to indicate in his conclusion the facts revealed during the examination that are significant for the case, but regarding which he/she was not asked questions and the circumstances that contributed (could contribute) to the commission of the offense.

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Cherepenko, V. G. "Algorithm for the preliminary study the copies of handwritten details in framework the production of handwriting examination." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.70.6.141-148.

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The possibility of refi ning and unifying the algorithm of preliminary examination of copies of documents to establish their suitability/unsuitability for further research is considered. Examples of the possibility of establishing the fact of signs of editing in copies of documents presence are given. Empowerment the fi eld of handwriting examiners training through introducing special knowledge from the fi elds of questioned documents examination and computer forensic into the training program is proposed. The stages of the proposed algorithm are analyzed sequentially. The author’s algorithm for preliminary examination of copies of documents containing handwritten requisites images is given. Arguments in favor of the practical possibility of producing handwriting examination of copies of handwritten requisites are given. The correlation of examination of copies and originals of handwritten requisites have been undertaken. Illustrations demonstrating the dependence of the ability to evaluate some features on the resolution of the image of a handwritten object are presented.

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Przewor, Anna, and Łukasz Kocielnik. "Biometric electronic signatures as the new object of handwriting examination." Issues of Forensic Science 311 (2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2021.311.2.

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Analyses of electronic biometric signatures constitute an innovation in forensics. The aim of the study described in this article was to determine whether it is possible to categorically confirm or exclude both the authenticity and the execution of handwritten biometric electronic signatures. Several-year-long research on various types of electronic signatures has made it possible to formulate categorical conclusions in this area. The article defines and determines the terminological scope of the biometric electronic signature concept within the widely understood electronic signatures. The analyses of biometric signatures were based on the graphical-comparative method commonly used in the traditional model of handwriting analysis. The only modification consisted in replacing the set of motoric features with biometric features, which turned out to be necessary for a categorical opinion on this matter. Study results described in the text allow for quantitative examination within analysis of manuscripts thus enabling issuing a categorical opinion. The biometric features of handwriting identified entirely by means of digital data ought to contribute to the elimination of any bias that might exist on the part of an expert.

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Yap, Pei Yi, Sairah Abdul Karim, Muhammad Afiq Zaki, and Eva Tan Lee Yin. "Assessment of the mood states on healthy adults’ handwriting through forensic handwriting examination vs graphology-A review." International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Legal Medicine 22, no. 3and4 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2019.00059.7.

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Cherepenko, G. V. "Typical Mistakes in Forensic Handwriting Analysis of Copies of Handwritten Entries." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-1-97-105.

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The growing volume of forensic handwriting examinations of handwritten requisites copies entails the need to determine the range of the most typical mistakes made by experts in examination of these objects. The article gives examples of the most common mistakes in expert reports, the origin of some is analyzed. The system of internal and external forms of peer review of the ENFSI (The European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) experts’ conclusions is reviewed. To avoid most of mistakes described in the article the author proposes to follow relevant methodological references, to pay close attention to the quality of the examined object, to adhere strictly to all intermediate stages of examination. Also, to use internal and external peer review of conclusions as a form of control more eﬀectively. The information contained in the article can be of practical interest when both reviewing conclusions in state expert institutions and preparing a value judgement regarding an expert/specialist conclusion.

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R Gupta, Reeta. "Forensic examination of handwriting and thumb impression-A case study." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2019.010.

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Kangori, Yui, Sachi Onoue, Yusuke Seya, Hiroaki Shoji, and Hisaki Ozaki. "Cerebral examination of letter fluencies due to vocalization and handwriting." International Journal of Psychophysiology 94, no. 2 (November 2014): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.834.

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Kaur, Manpreet, and Komal Saini. "Forensic examination of effects of Parkinsonism on various handwriting characteristics." Science & Justice 62, no. 1 (January 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2021.10.009.

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Pryimak, O. "RESEARCH OF SIGNATURE IMAGES APPLIED WITH A FAXIMILE CLICHET." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.60.

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In modern expert practice, the so-called signatures made using facsimile clichés are increasingly becoming objects of research. In fact, these are not actually, signatures requiring handwritten execution, but its images, applied using certain clichés (facsimiles). The determination of a specific method of drawing a graphic object (handwritten or not handwritten, in particular, by means of a facsimile cliché) is within the competence of a specialist in the field of forensic examination of documents. In addition, the establishment of a specific performer of the signature refers to the identification tasks of handwriting research. The solution of handwriting problems during handwriting signatures’ research that served as originals for making facsimile clichés, the prints of which are provided for research, is in some cases possible. However, when assessing the identified signs of handwriting, the expert should take into account that with this method of drawing a graphic object, these signs are not reproduced in full, because a significant part of the handwriting information is lost. The facsimile-recreated graphic is not a person identification. Therefore, it is unacceptable to use facsimile clichés to certify documents related to property or legal relations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Handwriting examination'

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