Academic literature on the topic 'Hanoi (Viet-Nam) – Vietnam'

The aerosol fraction distribution in Vietnam was determined based on monitoring data LIDAR at Hanoi and GEOS–Chem using back-trajectory statistical methods. The results showed that the aerosol concentration is the highest in northeastern of Vietnam and decreasing in the southern and western directions. Maximum of organic aerosol concentration is on the north-west. The highest sea salt aerosol concentrations are in East sea and Bengal bay. Aerosol consists mainly of sulfate, organic aerosol, and sea salt aerosol: sulfate, nitrate, black carbon, ammonium, mineral dust aerosol… The result shows the complicated aerosol distribution in Vietnam.

The process of urbanization is taking place fast and vigorously in large urban and peri-urban areas in Vietnam. According to national forecasts, the rate of urbanization nationwide will reach 39.3% by 2020 and 50-55% by 2035. Thai Nguyen is a province in the midland and mountainous region. The province is located at the northern gateway and bordered with Hanoi capital. In recent years, the agricultural land area of Thai Nguyen province has narrowed due to the urban-industrial development. Urban agriculture development is an inevitable direction, creating safe and high quality food products, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing people's income. Thai Nguyen is one of the provinces promoting sustainable urban agricultural development. Secondary and primary data sources are analyzed and synthesized by descriptive statistical methods. The article will analyze five groups of factors affecting urban agricultural development in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2015-2018, including Socio-economic; Natural conditions and infrastructure; Policy factors; Planning factors; Links and integration.

The modified Eco-Bio-Block (EBB) has been studied and manufactured in Viet Nam, based on the process of blending friendly environmental materials as activated carbon, zeolite, kazemzite, sand and useful microorganisms. After culturing, bacterial communities in the modified EBB became significant abundant by DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA. The amount of microorganisms in the modified EBB was 107 CFU/g bacteria communities (Prokaryote). After 2 months treatment with the modified EBB, the quality of Khuong Thuong lake water has been significantly improved; the concentration of COD, NH4+, Coliform and Chlorophyll-a are reduced by 65.51 %, 64.28 %, 50 % and 68.42 %, respectively at the location A1. Sensuously, the lake water became brighter and cleaner. The application of the modified EBB to improve the lake water quality was conducted appropriately to the conditions at Vietnam in general and at Hanoi in particular. This research aims at localizing technology and improving efficiency on pond/lake water treatment. Further goal of the modified EBB application is to reduce pollutants in domestic wastewater form residential areas, in ditches, creeks and small lakes in Viet Nam.

The importance of REE for modern industries is proved by the high demand. The abundance of REE is richer than that of noble metals like gold or silver. However, supply sources are concentrated in China. The share of the product of REE was highest in 2009 (over 90%) and that is used as a national strategy.Mining industry in Vietnam is mainly developed in northern part. Deposits of principle metals are located around Hanoi, and REE deposits (Dong Pao) is also explored in Lai Chau Province. On the other hand, few bauxite mine is in southern Vietnam and the REE exploration is not conducted enough. Therefore, the study about REE in southern Vietnam is significant. Samples are from mainly basalt and granite. REE pattern, which is normalized by the abundance of chondrite, of basaltic rocks and laterites shows that is decreases monotony. That amount of REE is low (50-180ppm). REE pattern of magnetite rocks and laterites has no Eu and Ce anomaly. On the other hand, illuminate rocks and laterites have strong negative Eu anomaly. Clay minerals were observed by XRD analysis using hydraulic elutriation. The result of REE pattern and sequential extraction, it is indicated that the form of HREE is changed and adsorbed to clay and LREE is leached out. In tailing in Stop 16, it is observed that the concentration of HREE (about 3 times to 5 times than that of before washing). Eu anomaly is affected by reductive environment of the cooling of magma, and it is considered that Ce anomaly is occurred by the change of Ce form (Ce3+ to Ce4+). CeO2 is insoluble to water in the soil. From the XRD analysis, the cause of HREE concentration in water treatment is considered by the clay mineral

Equitization and divestment continue to be one of the crucial pillars of the economic development strategy over the period 2020-2030. The Vietnamese Government has been completing the legal framework to speed up the process of privatization and divestment over the past 3 years. One of the highlights is the regulation on the application of Book Building (BB) Method to offer state shares in 2018. BB, an effective mechanism to determine the price on the primary market, is encouraged to apply on most markets. However, according to Hanoi Stock Exchange, for four months since Circular 21/2019/BTC-TT was released, 17 announcements of IPOs or divesture of state capital were whole lot sale auction or competitive offering. This implies the popularity of fixed price and discriminatory auction in Vietnam. Moreover, applying BB in Vietnam requires certain adjustments to theories. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of BB over fixed price and auction, reviews BB experiences of some economies, and make recommendations on the application of BB in offering state shares in Vietnam. Given that BB is expected to create a transparent and effective pricing mechanism and enhance the success of state share offering, this study indicates some points that need clarifying or adjusting to the current regulation, including (i) initial price and price range; (ii) time for disclosing information and opening order books; (iii) objectives of BB; (iv) cancel the results of BB; (v) selection of underwriters.

Introduction: Atrial Septal Defect is the most common congenital heart disease. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is being perfomed routinely at several cardiovascular centers in Vietnam. At E Cardiovascular Center, from 2016 to 2019, we performed total endoscopic closure for atrial septal defect in children using 4 trocars. From 2020 to present, we have reduced the number of trocars to three. This report was to evaluate the effectiveness and early results of total endoscopic closure with 3 trocars for atrial septal defect in children. Method: Twelve children underwent ASD closure from 1/2020 to 5/2021, with mean age of 7.7 years old (range from 2.5 to 11); mean weight was 20.8 kilograms (range from 12 to 40). All the patients underwent the operation with peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Result: The mean peripheral circulation time was 70 minutes (range from 56 to100 minutes) on beating hearts. There were 8 cases with patch-closure and 4 cases with direct-closure. After operations, we reexamined by echocardiography, the atrial septal defects were closed completely with no residual shunt, the common femoral arteries at the cannula position were normal and no stenosis were present. Conclusion: Totally endoscopic closure for ASD on beating hearts with 3 trocars is save with a very good short-term results.

This study was conducted with the purpose to identify the effectiveness of Systemic Functional Linguistic approach to improve writing skills for the EFL students at a university in Hanoi, Viet Nam. The preliminary investigation showed that most students at this university experienced many difficulties in English writing skills and they were not motivated in writing lessons. To make situation better, an action research plan was conducted with the use of quantitative and qualitative methods, focusing on applying Systemic Functional Linguistic approach, typically Theme-Rheme patterns to raise the students’ awareness of Theme-Rheme benefits in creating logical text organization and then improve their writing skills. The subjects of the study were 30 students of English major at a university of foreign languages in Vietnam. The data were collected through the pre- and post-tests, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study suggested that the use of this approach could improve the students’ writing skills and most of research students liked this technique because it made them motivated during English writing lessons.

In this study, the authors synthesise and analyse the re-sults of the 2019-2020 statistical survey on infrastructure and human resources of radiotherapy centers in Viet-nam, thereby assessing the results of the detailed plan-ning on the development and application of radiation in health to 2020, and at the same time assessing the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate of Vietnam. Statistical sur-vey results were analysed to discuss geographic distribu-tion and evaluate the characteristic ratios of PT/LINAC, PT/RO, PT/ROMP, PT/RTT of the radiotherapy centers in the application of LINAC radiotherapy technology. Research results show that although Vietnam has not met its planned target by 2020, it has obtained many achievements in developing a network of radiotherapy centers nationwide and investing in LINAC radiothera-py equipment reaching 0.73 LINAC/mil. people and the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate (ARUR) being 20% with application of advanced technologies such as IMRT, VMAT, IGRT, SRS, SBRT, simulation devices such as CT, MRI, PET/CT. The total number of radiotherapists, medical physicists, and technicians nationwide are 318, 151, and 356 people, respectively. Radiotherapy centers and specialists are highly concentrated in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city with 67% of LINAC machines, respond-ing to 80% of patients receiving cancer treatment by LINAC annually. A model for forecasting radiotherapy demand has been proposed and applied to determine the expected number of LINAC machines, human resourc-es needed for the period 2020-2040 to achieve the actual radiotherapy utilisation rate of 25-35% of new cancer cases annually. Accordingly, the number of LINAC ma-chines needed by 2030 and 2040 will reach 1.1 LINAC/million people and 1.7 LINAC/million people. The de-mand for RO, ROMP, and RTT human resources is fore-casted to increase at least by 12, 34, and 67% from 2021 to 2030, respectively, and 71% for all from 2031 to 2040.

In this paper, seismic activity characteristics in the East Sea area was analyzed by authors on the base of the unified earthquake catalog (1900-2017), including 131505 events with magnitude 3 ≤ Mw ≤ 8.4. The seismic intensity in the East Sea during the period 1900-2017 is characterized by the earthquake representative level Mw = 4.7. The strong earthquake activity in the East Sea area clearly shows the regularity in each stage. In the period from 1900 to 2017, the East Sea area has four periods of strong earthquake activity, each stage is nearly 30 years with particular characteristics. The distribution of the maximum earthquake quantities by years has a cyclicity in all four periods. In each stage there are 1-2 strong earthquakes with Mmax ≥ 8.0. The strong earthquakes with Mmax ≥ 7.5 have occurred by a repeatable rule of 3-5 years in all four stages. This allows the prediction of the maximum earthquake repeat cycle of Mmax ≥ 7.5 in the study area is 3-5 years. In other hand, the maximum magnitude values for the East Sea region has assessed by GEV method with several different predict periods (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 years), with predicted probability 80%. We concluded that it is possible that earthquake have Mmax = 8.7 will occur in next 100 years.ReferencesBautista C.B., Bautista M.L.P., Oike K., Wu F.T., Punongbayan R.S., 2001. A new insight on the geometry of subducting slabs in northern Luzon, Philippines. Tectonophysics, 339, 279-310.Bui Cong Que, et al., 2010. Seismic and tsunamis hazard in coastal Viet Nam. Natural Science and Technology Publishing House, 311p.Bui Van Duan, Nguyen Cong Thang, Nguyen Van Vuong, Pham Dinh Nguyen, 2013. The magnitude of the largest possible earthquake in the Muong La-Bac Yen fault zone. J. Sci. of the Earth, 35, 53-59 (in Vietnamese).Cao Dinh Trieu, Pham Nam Hung, 2008. Deep-seated fault zone presents the risk of strong earthquakes in the East and South Vietnam Sea. 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AbstractThis paper examines the history of an unknown “mass murder” perpetrated in 1947 in Southern Vietnam by the Viet Minh forces. It was organized in the outskirts of Saigon, mainly against Cao Dai and Hoa Hao religious forces that were portrayed as “reactionary” during their political revolutionary trials. Before presenting and analyzing the data of nearly 900 victims, the paper briefly presents the social, political and military conquest and context of French Cochinchina, as well as explains the political and military ambitions of the Viet Minh forces after the advent of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi on September 2, 1945. The focal point of this article is the review of the data related to the massacre and its uses, i.e.what they can reveal about the course of the massacre, its actors and victims. Finally, the paper's last section assesses the official historiography of the massacre, which has been recognized by the current regime in a 'soft' mea culpa. In conclusion, this article discusses the issue of violence in Southern Vietnam and its consequences for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a more long term perspective.

Ma recherche porte sur les formes architecturales et urbaines du logement à Hanoi et questionne le rapport entre leur production et leur réception par la population. En décrivant les modes de production et de réception des formes spatiales du logement, il s'agit de mettre à jour certaines porosités entre ces deux processus a priori distincts. Les formes bâties sont toujours questionnées dans un rapport dialectique, entre les formes planifiées et les formes issues des pratiques habitantes et entre la production et la réception du logement, dans un aller-retour entre l'échelle de l'édifice et l'échelle de la ville. Ce travail est organisé en deux parties. La première est consacrée à la compréhension des logiques de production et de planification de l'espace architectural et urbain. Il s'agit ainsi d'une analyse des projets de ville (Plan d'alignement – 1890, plan directeur – 1924, plan d'aménagement et d'extension – 1942, plan général – 1960, 1981, schéma directeur – 1992, 1998) et, dans une vision chronologique, de pointer l'apparition des différents types d'habitat. La seconde partie analyse la réception des formes d'habitat que sont les maisons villageoises, les compartiments, les villas, les villas-compartiments et les appartements. Ce travail démontre le rôle structurel des modifications apportées par les habitants dans la fabrication et la transformation de l'habitat et de la ville. Par leurs modes de vie et les appropriations de l'habitat et de l'espace urbain, les habitants participent autant à les moderniser qu'à entretenir une perméabilité entre les sphères urbaine et rurale. Finalement, cette recherche s'emploie à démontrer comment les habitants, en intervenant sur leur logement et en l'adaptant à leurs besoins à partir de cette unité de base, se sont invités dans la fabrication de la ville elle-même, à l'instar de la planification élaborée sous l'égide des autorités compétentes
My research questions the architectural and urban forms of the dwelling in Hanoi in the relationship between their production and their reception by the population. By describing the modes of production and reception of the spatial forms of the dwelling, it is a question of showing certain permeabilities between these two a priori different processes. The built forms are always questioned in a dialectical relationship between those planned and those existing because of inhabitant's practices, between the production and the reception, in a continual comparative between the scale of the building and the scale of the city. This work is organized in two parts. The first one is dedicated to the understanding of the logics of production and planning of the architectural and urban space. It is an analysis of the city projects (Plan d'alignement - on 1890, plan directeur - on 1924, plan d'aménagement et d'extension - on 1942, general plan - on 1960, 1981, master plan - on 1992, 1998); and in a chronological vision, to emphasize the appearance of the various types of housing. The second part analyzes the reception of the forms of housing that are the rustic houses, the shop-houses, the villas, the villas/shop-houses and the apartments. With this work, I show the structural role of the modifications brought by the inhabitants in the manufacturing and the transformation of the housing environment and the city. By their lifestyles and the appropriations of the housing environment and the urban space, they participate as much in modernization of those as to maintain permeability between the urban and rural spheres. Finally, this research was used to show how the inhabitants, by transforming their housing and by adapting it to their needs from this basic unit, invited themselves in the construction of the city, following the planning elaborated under the proper authorities

Les technopoles apparaissent comme une nouvelle étape dans le processus d’industrialisation. En raison du changement de l'environnement économique de la production industrielle, dans une économie mondiale très concurrentielle, la capacité d’innovation est un facteur clé de la compétitivité. Les technopoles deviennent un modèle suscitant l'intérêt notamment des nouveaux pays industrialisés et des pays émergents de par leurs capacités à dynamiser l’économie et à accélérer le transfert des technologies. A l’instar d’autres pays de la péninsule d'Asie du Sud-est et désireux de s'insérer dans le contexte concurrentiel mondial, le gouvernement vietnamien a, depuis 1992, manifesté sa volonté de créer des parcs de haute technologie ou des « technopoles » aboutissant notamment à la création du parc de haute technologie de Hoa Lac à Hanoi et du parc de haute technologie de Ho Chi Minh Ville. Notre thèse vise en partie à tenter de remédier aux faiblesses du processus d'implantation de technopoles alors que ce dernier est considéré comme un procédé incontournable pour promouvoir le développement de la haute technologie dans les pays émergents. La thèse a tenté de répondre aux questions suivantes : Comment se déroule le processus d'aménagement et d'implantation des technopoles ou des parcs de haute technologie au Vietnam ? Dans le contexte social, culturel et économique actuel du Vietnam, quels enseignements (connaissances et savoir-faire) pouvons-nous tirer des expériences des technopoles asiatiques et européennes sur le processus d'implantation de technopoles? La thèse a permis d’actualiser les connaissances sur le processus d'implantation des parcs de haute technologie dans les pays d'Asie du Sud-est en général et au Vietnam en particulier. Ce sujet présentait de sérieuses lacunes au niveau de la documentation. La recherche a permis de déterminer les conditions que nous jugeons nécessaires pour favoriser le succès des implantations de technopoles au regard du contexte vietnamien. La thèse précisera en même temps les potentialités et les risques induits par ces propositions
Technology parks appear as another step in the process of industrialization. Due to the change in the economic environment of industrial production in a highly competitive global economy, innovation capacity is a key factor in competitiveness. Technology parks are becoming a model attracting interest from the newly industrialized countries and emerging countries due to their ability to stimulate the economy and accelerate technology transfer. Like other countries in the peninsula of Southeast Asia and wanting to fit in the competitive worldwide market, the Vietnamese government expressed its desire to create high-tech parks or "science parks", post-1992, leading to the creation of Hoa Lac high-tech park in Hanoi and Saigon high-tech park in Ho Chi Minh City. Our thesis is in part to try to remedy the weaknesses of the implementation process of technology parks as this is considered a key element for promoting the development of high technology in emerging economies. The thesis sought to answer the following questions: What is the planning process and establishment of science parks or high-tech parks in Vietnam? In the social, cultural and economic context of Vietnam, what lessons (knowledge and expertise) can we learn from the process of the development of existing Asian and European science parks? The thesis provides updated knowledge of the development process of high-tech parks in the countries of Southeast Asia in general and Vietnam in particular. Prior to this thesis, there was a lack of literature covering this subject area. The research has identified the conditions that we consider necessary to promote successful developments of high-tech parks within the Vietnamese context. The thesis stipulates both the potentials and risks of these proposals

Depuis la fin des années 1980, les réformes agraires, la transition vers l'économie de marché, l'assouplissement des mouvements de population, l'autorisation de commerce privé, la nouvelle loi foncière et l'urbanisation dynamisent les mutations du monde rural, les processus de périurbanisation et métropolisation. L'épuisement des réserves foncières, l'élargissement des limites urbaines, les investissements internationaux marquent l'extension de Hanoi. Ce mouvement " rénovateur " constitue le moteur de l'agriculture périurbaine au cœur de nouveaux enjeux. Le retour à l'économie familiale permet de diversifier les systèmes de production et d'améliorer les revenus. L'augmentation de la demande, du niveau de vie et des exigences de consommation entraînent le développement d'une ceinture maraîchère, fruitière et horticole. La décollectivisation et la restructuration des coopératives ne font pas disparaître les structures communautaires. L'Etat appelle à la participation des acteurs privés pour le développement de l'industrie agroalimentaire, des marché de gros et des filières. Les investissements publics faibles et le cadre législatif flou, laissent place aux réseaux privés. Face à la différenciation économico-sociale, les agriculteurs sont attentifs aux possibilités de valorisation du foncier et d'insertion aux marchés dans le cadre de stratégies multifonctionnelles. Outre les problèmes environnementaux, la concurrence entre activités urbaines et agricoles renvoit à l'utilisation du foncier et la reconversion des ruraux. A partir d'enquêtes, nous dégageons la spécificité des espaces périurbains et leur trajectoire d'insertion urbaine qui aboutit à de nouveaux paysages
Since the late 80s, changes in rural areas, a periurbanization and metropolization process have been generated by agrarian reforms, economic transition policies, easier population movement, private business approval, new land use regulations and urbanization development. Hanoi's extension is characterized by the decline of land availability, enlargement of urban limits, and international investments. This "reformist" movement is the driving force of periurban farming that reflects new socio-economic and political issues. The return to household's economy enables a variety of production systems and an improvement of family income. Increase of the demand for consumer goods and new urban living standards are leading to a development of an agricultural belt. Low public investments, and vagueness of the regulatory framework set an open range for private networks. While the State calls for private economic sector participation in order to develop agro-industries and marketing channels, decollectivization and the restructuring of cooperatives haven't erased communal structures. Socio-economic differentiation leads to a greater awareness among farmers in terms of land speculation or commercial and employment opportunities trough strategies of multi-activities. Besides the land use problems, the competition between urban and agricultural activities also raises new issues related to environmental degradation and socio-economic reconversion of the rural population. Initiating by field surveys, we extricate the specificity of suburban spaces and their path within urban insertion through these strategies leading to the apparition of new landscapes

Depuis le Đổi Mới (1986), le gouvernement Vietnamien a adopté une stratégie d’urbanisation accélérée. En tant que capitale du pays, Hà Nội joue un rôle d’atout dans cette orientation. La ville s’étend sans cesse vers la périphérie avec les changements de la limite administrative et l’ambition de se développer à travers des schémas directeurs. L’intégration des communes rurales dans la ville induit des problèmes d’identité et d’environnement dans les villages. Cela pose la question de la relation entre l’urbanisation et le patrimoine villageois. Cette question est posée dans le contexte où la notion de patrimoine, mentionnée dans la loi sur le patrimoine culturel du Vietnam, est encore limitée. Ce travail est organisé en deux parties. La première est consacrée à l’identification des éléments patrimoniaux villageois à travers la recherche de la conception traditionnelle sur le patrimoine des vietnamiens et l’étude de la conception sur le patrimoine, importée de l’Occident. En analysant la structure socio-culturelle et la structure spatiale des villages périphériques, les éléments patrimoniaux villageois vont être identifiés avec un point de vue imbriquant les conceptions orientales et occidentales. La seconde partie vise à l’évaluation de la transformation du patrimoine villageois face à l’urbanisation avec les deux cas des villages périurbains Triều Khúc et Nhân Chính. La logique dans la relation entre la transformation fonctionnelle et la transformation spatiale est analysée pour éclairer la permanence et la rupture des éléments du patrimoine villageois. Finalement, cette recherche s’emploie à décrire la gestion du patrimoine villageois, en en analysant les mécanismes, la coordination des acteurs, les règlements de conservations établis par l’État et par le village et surtout l'application de ces règlements dans les villages
Since the Đổi Mới (1986), the government of Vietnam adopted an accelerated urbanization strategy. Being the national capital, Hà Nội is an asset in this urban orientation. The city is expanding unto its periphery, a process that entails changes in administrative boundaries and development ambitions reflected in master plans. The integration of rural communes into the city raises identity and environmental problems in the villages. This raises the issue of the relationship between urbanization and village heritage. This question is posed in the context where the definition of notion of heritage, mentioned in the Vietnamese Law on Cultural Heritage is still limited. This study is organized in two parts. The first part is devoted to the identification of village heritage components. It explores the traditional understanding of heritage by Vietnamese people and the ideas about heritage imported from the West. Through an analysis of the socio-cultural and spatial structure of the villages on the outskirts of the city, the elements constitutive of village heritage are identified based on Eastern and Western principles. The second part uses the case of two periurban villages (Triều Khúc and Nhân Chính) to assess transformations of village heritage in the face urbanization. The underpinning logic between the functional and spatial transformation of both villages is studied to shed light on the elements of rupture and permanence in village heritage. Finally, this research describes the management of village heritage. It analyses the mechanisms, the coordination of actors, the conservation regulations stipulated by the State and by villagers, and most importantly, the application of these regulations locally

Le développement durable est un véritable casse-tête pour Hà Nội. S’agit-il d’une appréhension par la durabilité forte ou par un modèle de durabilité faible? Quels sont les modèles de mise en œuvre concrète de ce paradigme qui permettent d’interroger les pratiques vietnamiennes en la matière ? L’un des objectifs principal de la thèse est de documenter l’analyse urbaine de Hà Nội au regard de ses objectifs en matière de développement durable. Nous insistons à l’émergence d’une typologie de villes nouvelles vietnamiennes composé: les villes-relais, les villes satellites et les villes écologiques. Nous avons tenté à travers les études de cas de montrer les spécificités et les ressemblances entre ces différents espaces en posant l’hypothèse que ces villes nouvelles se trouvaient dans un entre-deux urbanistique à plusieurs égards. Entre-deux à la fois par la circulation d’un modèle de lotissement occidental influencé par des promoteurs asiatiques et construits avec les moyens du Viêt Nam, mais aussi entre-deux entre un urbanisme progressiste, moderne et un urbanisme néo-culturaliste qui donne à la cité jardin et à la ceinture verte toute sa place en vue d’une métropolisation plus durable. La thèse montre qu’il s’agit à la fois d’une remise en état paysagère et environnementale en lien avec l’histoire et la culture vietnamienne mais aussi d’une volonté de préserver la ceinture verte contrariée toutefois par la pression foncière et immobilière d’une ville-capitale. Enfin, notre thèse confirme l’hypothèse que nous sommes dans une durabilité des petits pas, grâce au focus sur le pilier de la gouvernance des projets urbains du Master Plan
Sustainable development is a major baffling problem for Ha Noi. It is first necessary to know what is meant by sustainable development as the meaning this key concept was overused in recent years. Is it a perception by strong sustainability or by the weak sustainability model? What are the models of a practical implementation of this paradigm that allow to question the Vietnamese practices? One of the main objectives of the thesis is to document the Ha Noi urban analysis in the light of its objectives in sustainable development. We are insisting the emergence of a new type of Vietnamese cities composed of three subcategories: relay cities, satellite cities and ecological cities. We have tried through case studies to show the specificities and similarities between these different areas assuming that these new cities were in one in between two urbanistic in terms of different viewpoints. In-Between both because the allotment of Western model influenced by Asian developers and built with the resources of Vietnam. This also means in-between a progressive and modern urbanism and a neoculturalist urbanism which gives the impotant place for the garden city and green belt in view of a more sustainable metropolization. However, the thesis shows that it revealed in the same time the relationship between landscape and environment and the history of Vietnamese culture. The thesis also deals with willingness to preserve the green belt, in spite of land and real estate pressure created by capital city. Finally, our thesis confirms the hypothesis that we are in a sustainability of small steps, thanks to keeping the focus on the governance pillar for urban projects of the Master Plan

@Au-delà de ses aspects économiques et juridiques, la question foncière fait l'objet d'une convention sociale dont les termes dépendent des traits culturels et de l'histoire propres à chaque société. Depuis 1986, le Viet-Nam a abandonné l'économie administrée pour se convertir progressivement à l'économie de marché. Cette mutation entraîne une refonte complète de la convention foncière. L'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser cette transformation afin d'y trouver les éléments fondateurs d'un nouveau mode d'urbanisation des villes vietnamiennes. . .

Hanoï, comme les autres villes asiatiques, est en train de faire face aux conséquences de l'urbanisation rapide. Les expériences des villes du monde nous montrent que l’agriculture urbaine est une solution efficace et durable pour les villes futures. Ce phénomène nous a donné une nouvelle façon de penser la ville qui n'est pas "non-agricole" comme les définitions traditionnelles. La transformation de l'agriculture urbaine à l'urb-agriculture, sera une nouvelle méthode de design des villes durables. Cette méthode de design doit être basée sur les ressources humaines et des connaissances de l'écologie urbaine. Actuellement à Hanoi, les espaces de micro agriculture urbaine s’installent spontanément et fonctionnent comme des activités d'auto alimentaire, de complément économique pour les foyers urbains. Pour développer durablement des espaces agricoles dans la ville de Hanoi, nous avons besoin de créer les systèmes complexes et bien connectés sur plusieurs échelles des espaces, en mettant en valeur des ressources naturelles et humaines qui sont les points fortes de la ville. Ensuite, dans la planification de Hanoï en 2030, la vision jusqu'à 2050, un des enjeux les plus importants est la structure de corridor et ceinture verte où se sont développés de façon équilibrée les éléments technologiques, historiques, culturels et naturels, vers l'image d'une ville verte. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous pensons à exploiter nos ressources et nos points forts d'une application du design de l'urb-agriculture pour cette structure verte. En effet, l'agriculture peut contribue directement au paysage, en créant l'image symbolique d'une ville verte. Cette méthode de design deviendra donc une solution raisonnable et réalisable pour Hanoï et les autres villes vietnamiennes
Hanoi, like another Asian cities, have the consequences of rapid urbanization. To satisfy the growing needs of housing, employment, urban services, planning needs important financial sources, currently limited, or a change in the way of thinking and in the methods of urban design. The experiences of cities around the world show us that urban agriculture is an effective and sustainable solution for future cities. This phenomenon has given us a new way of thinking about the city that is not "non-agricultural" as the traditional definitions. The transformation of urban agriculture into “urb-agriculture” will be a new method of designing sustainable cities. This method of design must be based on human resources and knowledge of urban ecology. In Hanoi, the micro-urban-agricultural land settle spontaneously and function as self-food activities or as an economic complement for urban families. To develop sustainably agricultural areas in Hanoi City, we need to create complex and well connected systems of urban-agricultural land on several scales, highlighting the natural and human resources that are the strong points of the city. Then, in the planning of Hanoi in 2030, the vision until 2050, one of the most important issues is structure of the “ green corridor” and “green belt”, where the technological, historical, cultural and natural elements will be developed in a balanced way, towards Image of a “green city”. This is why we intend to exploit our resources and our strengths from an application of the urban agriculture design (urb-agriculture) for this green structure. Indeed, agriculture will contribute directly to the symbolic image of a “green city”. In these green cities, we will build a lasting relationship between humans and nature, an ecological, sustainable and intelligent living with environment. This method of design will become a reasonable and feasible solution for Hanoi and other Vietnamese cities

Hanoï possède une grande variété de patrimoines architecturaux urbains qui jouissent d'une grande valeur dans la vie communautaire et assurent certaines fonctions dans l'organisation spatiale de la ville. En dépit de grands efforts de l’État, la préservation est encore une tâche difficile. Dans le contexte d'un développement rapide, surtout après la politique de Renouveau en 1986, Hanoï a montré la nécessité de protéger non seulement les valeurs existantes d'un patrimoine isolé, mais aussi leurs dynamiques espaces environnants. Ces éléments se sont trouvés «empiétés», «occupés», menaçant les «messages patrimoniaux». De ce fait, les problèmes patrimoniaux ne sont pas seulement liés à la valeur de chaque bâtiment en soi, mais ils sont également une problématique de la vie urbaine. Les patrimoines font partie du contexte de développement urbain. Leur influence et leurs relations avec d'autres éléments urbains, y compris une vie dynamique et divers besoins de la communauté, sont indéniables. Pour réaliser la thèse, des études de terrain ont été menées sur des sites patrimoniaux situés dans des zones typiques pour l'urbanisation de la ville, l'interaction commnunautaire et le contexte de développement urbain. Cela aide à identifier les problèmes du patrimoine tels que les caractéristiques du patrimoine, la valeur patrimoniale, les relations mutuelles entre le patrimoine - la communauté - le développement urbain, les changements positifs et négatifs des patrimoines, d'autres facteurs pertinents des groupes communautaires. En conséquence, la thèse avance des suggestions pour préserver les patrimoines dans le contexte du développement urbain, encourager la participation communautaire et équilibrer le besoin de préservation et les contraintes du développement urbain. Le développement de l'espace d'interaction entre le patrimoine et la communauté, la mise en place d'un forum du patrimoine pour améliorer le partage de l'information sur le patrimoine au sein des groupes communautaires, la formulation de politiques basées sur la demande du marché et les besoins réels des différents groupes cibles... font partie des orientations suggérées
Hanoi owns a huge variety of urban architectural heritages that have a good value in community life and serve certain functions in the city' s spatial organisation. Despite great effort from the State, preservation is still a challenging task. In the context of rapid development, especially after the Renovation policy in 1986, Hanoi has raised the need to protect not only existing single heritage values but also their dynamic surrounding spaces. These elements have been "encroached", "occupied", threatening "heritage messages". Thereby, heritage issues are not only related to the value of each single building itself, but they are also an issue of urban life. Heritages are a component of the urban development context. Their influence and relation with other urban elements, including a dynamic life and diverse needs of the community, is undeniable. To complete the thesis, field surveys were conducted at heritage sites located at typical areas for city urbanisation, community interaction and urban development context. This helps to identify heritage issues such as heritage features, heritage value, mutual relationship between heritage -community -urban development, positive and negative changes of heritages, other relevant factors from community groups. Accordingly, the thesis puts forward suggestions to preserve heritages in the context of urban development, to encourage community participation and to balance the need for preservation and the constraints of city development. Developing the interaction space between heritage and community, setting up a Heritage Forum to enhance the sharing of heritage information among community groups, making policies based on market demand and the actual needs of different target groups... are among the suggested directions

La recherche porte sur les deux principales villes du vietnam : hanoi, la capitale administrative et politique au nord, et ho chi minh-ville au sud, capitale economique du vietnam. La periode etudiee prend comme point de depart 1986, date a laquelle la politique de << renouveau >> a ete decidee, et comme point d'arrivee, l'annee 1996, celle du bilan de la politique de transition economique. Notre corpus de these repose d'une part, sur les donnees de trois enquetes, realisees a hanoi et ho chi minh-ville entre fevrier 1995 et octobre 1996, aupres d'une centaine d'acteurs de la politique de modernisation et de developpement urbain, et d'autre part, sur les donnees relatives a l'etude comparative des schemas directeurs de hanoi et de ho chi minh-ville de 1992 et 1996. Nous faisons l'hypothese qu'une nouvelle politique publique vietnamienne en matiere d'urbanisme et d'amenagement dans les villes hanoi et de ho chi minh-ville est en cours de formation dans le contexte du renouveau vietnamien. Celle-ci peut etre qualifiee de politique de modernisation et de developpement urbain. Elle se caracterise a partir de 1986 par trois phases: - au debut des annees 1990, la premiere est liee a la mise en place du nouveau referentiel de l'economie de marche. - au milieu des annees 1990, la deuxieme est definie d'une part, par la mise en uvre de la modernisation et d'autre part, par celle du developpement urbain qui se poursuit jusqu'a nos jours. - a la fin des annees 1990, et plus precisement avec la revision des schemas directeurs de 1996, la troisieme se distingue par une logique d'evaluation et de controle
The research is about the biggest two cities in vietnam : hanoi, the administrative and political capital in the north, and ho chi minh-city, the economic capital in the south. The period we 're going to study begins in 1986, starting point of the renouveau policy and finishes in 1996, year of the result of the economic transition policy. The corpus of our thesis is based, one the one hand, on the data of three investigations carried over hanoi and ho chi minh-city from february 1995 to october 1996 among a hundred actors of the urban development and modernisation policy. On the other hand it is based on the result of a comparative study of main plans for hanoi and ho chi minh-city from 1992 to 1996. As far as the vietnamese renouveau is concerned, we reckon that a new public urban and equipment vietnamese policy, is on the more. Let us call it the urban development and modernisation policy. It can be defined in three main periods : - the first period in the beginning of the 1990 ies : it is associate to the setting of referential renewal of the market economy. - the second period is situated in the mid 1990 ies and it deals with both the realisation of modernisation and urban development. - the third and last period is in the 1990 ies, and more precisely the reconsideration of the 1996 main plans symbolised by an evaluation and controlling logics

This thesis explores how pirate cultures and “informal” distribution circuits operate on the ground level and integrate global media texts (mainly Hollywood films) into a small section of the local everyday society of Hanoi, Viet Nam. Situating the pirate stores and its components as active and central, this thesis will examine the physical flow of media through these store sites. In addition, by exploring the interactions between media texts, store owners and workers, customers, and the store’s design itself, this thesis will reveal how media piracy (as a form of distribution and “normal” access) influences and negotiates modernity, cultures, identities, and meanings in Hanoi and Viet Nam.