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1
Tukuta, Marian. "An evaluation of impact of co-operative societies on poverty alleviation among the urban poor in Harare, Zimbabwe during the period 2008-2010." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/506.
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The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of co-operative societies on poverty alleviation among the urban poor in Zimbabwe with particular reference to consumer co-operative societies in areas of agriculture, housing and micro- finance. The co-operative sector plays an important role in poverty alleviation since many unemployed people have turned to co-operative activities as a way of earning a lawful and decent living during a period in which Zimbabwe generally suffered immense impoverishment in the midst of the national economic meltdown that was characterised by hyper-inflation, de-industrialisation and mass unemployment. The period of study was as from January 2008 to August 2010. This period is significant in that many co-operative societies were formed with the following broad objectives: (a) economic power and through this power; (b) control of socio-economic institution, to eliminate exploitation of man by man to make the people of Zimbabwe self reliant; (c) skills management, goods and services and establish in themselves a sense of confidence, initiative and high development aspirations; (d) to provide an opportunity to develop the community; and a (e) collective way of living that provides a sound base for socialism and national solidarity ix In this study, two hundred and seventy four respondents were used as research subjects. This consisted of one hundred and sixty respondents from housing, twenty four from micro- finance, and eighty eight from agricultural co-operative societies which covered dairy, poultry and fishing co-operative societies. This also included the Registrar of Co-operatives and the Harare City Council Co-operative officer. The research instruments that were used for the purpose of this research study were questionnaires, field visits, interviews and observations. Use was also made of secondary data that was obtained from the offices of Registrar of Co-operatives and the Town clerk of the Harare City Council as well as from the various co-operative societies that constitute the research study’s sample. The key factors that account for the failure of co-operative societies included the lack of adequate funding, lack of relevant knowledge and experience about co-operative activities, conflict among co-operative society members, failure to follow co-operative principles, mixing politics with co-operative activities and lack of education and training. The study also found out that the key to the success of any co-operative venture includes some of the following factors: Proper application of co-operative principles, the provision of co-operative education to both the membership and management of co-operative societies and proper keeping of institutional records. Most important of which include membership, financial and asset registers. x The study recommends that the government should give adequate administrative and financial support to co-operative societies since they have a potential of alleviating poverty if properly managed. It is also further recommended that research be done in order to enhance the strategic management of co-operative societies since empirical evidence tends to suggest that they are a viable tool for broad –based participatory and democratic sustainable livelihoods development. The study also recommended further studies to be carried out on the applicability of cooperative principles in all environments since some co-operative societies that have followed these principles especially in the developed countries have proved to be suitable instruments for poverty alleviation.
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Chirau, Takunda John. "Understanding livelihood strategies of urban women traders : a case of Magaba, Harare in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003742.
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This thesis seeks to understand and analyze the livelihood strategies of urban women traders at Magaba in Harare (Zimbabwe) in the context of the contemporary economic and political crisis. The crisis emerged in the 1990s with the introduction of a structural adjustment programme and deepened further with the fast track land reform programme initiated by the Zimbabwean government in the year 2000. The crisis has involved a down-sizing of the Zimbabwean economy and a massive rise in the rate of unemployment in the formal economy. Consequently urban life became increasingly unbearable for poor blacks and informal economic activities blossomed and started to make a significant contribution to household income and livelihoods. The role of women in the informal economy was particularly pronounced. Theoretically, the thesis is underpinned by the sustainable livelihoods framework. In examining the vulnerability context of the Magaba women traders and the institutional interventions which complicate the lives and livelihoods of these traders, I identify and unpack their diverse livelihood activities and strategies and the resources (or assets) they deploy in constructing urban livelihoods. Though their livelihood portfolios complement any earnings from formal employment by household members and though they contribute to their household’s sustenance, there are a number of daily challenges which they face in their trading activities and which they seek to counteract through a range of often ingenious coping mechanisms. The thesis is important for a number of reasons. It fills an important empirical gap in the study of Magaba market specifically, it brings to the fore the gendered character of the informal trading activities in urban Zimbabwe, and it deploys the livelihoods framework in a manner which is sensitive to both structure and agency.
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Shumba, Jenn. "Secondary school children's experiences of bereavement: implications for school counselling in Harare Metropolitan Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007237.
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Death and bereavement are prevalent in Zimbabwe due to HIV/AIDS and other illnesses. It is estimated that a large population of school going learners have lost one or both parents and have become orphans. The aim of the study was two-fold: to understand the bereavement experiences of orphaned learners and to examine how such experiences can inform school counselling services. A multiple case study involving 13 school children and four school counsellors from two secondary schools in Harare Metropolitan Region was conducted. Each of the 17 participants was viewed as a bounded case due to his or her individual unique experiences. An interpretive phenomenological approach was employed to collect and analyse the data. All the cases were purposively selected as they were bearers of crucial information on bereavement experiences and bereavement counselling. The study established nine (9) key findings. First, it was found that the type of attachments and support systems the child had were contributory to the way the child experienced bereavement. Second, it was established that although learners manifested emotional pain, they found it difficult to verbalise it. Third, the study found that cultural practices either exacerbate or work for the better for bereaved children as some were seen to enhance their livelihood whilst some were detrimental and oppressive. Fourth, it was established that bereavement triggered philosophical and reflexive reactions on the part of bereaved children. The deaths of the parents resulted in them reflecting on the three phases of their life trajectories: life before death; at the time of death; and after death. Fifth, it was also established in the study that there was a mismatch in what children and counsellors claimed to be happening in secondary schools pertaining bereavement counselling provisioning. Sixth, the study found that most children did not receive any bereavement counselling in schools. Only three out of the 13 learner cases interviewed in this study had a teacher in the school talk to them about loss of their parents. In some instances, a child’s bereavement was only discovered through the grapevine or when this researcher got to the school. Seventh, it was established that although counsellors were qualified as both teachers and counsellors, they lacked confidence in dealing with sensitive issues such as bereavement. Eighth, the study also found that although there is a lot of death in Zimbabwe the counselling syllabi lacked focus on bereavement counselling. Ninth, it was also discovered that teachers who were not assigned to counselling duties had negative attitudes towards counselling, a matter which has serious consequences for the bereaved learners. Based on the above findings, the study concludes that bereaved children experienced a variety of circumstances that impacted both positively and negatively on their schooling and rendered them in need of bereavement counselling. It also concludes that bereaved learners in selected Harare schools were not receiving adequate bereavement counselling; schools neither had policies nor laid down procedures on bereavement counselling. For further research, the study recommends that there should be research focusing on methodologies designed to access children’s innermost feelings of emotional pain. There should be further research on the nature of the relationship between a child’s bereavement and educational experiences. Studies involving other bereaved populations, such as, children from rural areas and primary school children should be carried out in order to gain insights on how the phenomenon is experienced by different age groups in different contexts. To improve counselling practice in schools, the study recommends that there should be capacity building programmes aimed at assisting teachers to deal with bereavement counselling. School bereavement counselling should explore collaboration with other stakeholders such as peers, care givers and government as well as non-governmental organisations. Above all, the study recommends that schools should be proactive and have school bereavement policies and procedures on bereavement counselling.
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Bure, Makomborero. "The influence of internal controls on small business sustainability in the Harare central business district, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2807.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of internal controls on sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Harare’s Central Business District (CBD), Zimbabwe. The question at the core of this research is: to what extent do internal controls influence the sustainability of SMEs in Harare’s Central Business District, Zimbabwe. SMEs are perceived to be of paramount importance for the economic affluence of countries the world over, mainly because of their pronounced benefaction and contribution to livelihoods of the dwellers of a country and the gross domestic product (GDP). SMEs have been credited for playing a leading role when it comes to innovation, significant export revenue, custom-suited goods, services provision to society, employment opportunities, and social contribution. This can also be attributed to SMEs operating in Zimbabwe despite the volatility of the Zimbabwean economy. The Zimbabwean business environment, in general, is constantly changing. The changes can be attributed to an eruptive economic environment and unstable political atmosphere. The resultant effect is the departure of larger businesses and investors from the country. Generally, this leaves a great opportunity for SMEs not to be subjected to stiff competition from larger businesses. SMEs are indeed enjoying this space, braving the conditions to start up; however, their operations are short-lived. For SMEs to brave the fortuity of such an unpredictable environment, a system of internal controls must be in place. Research has placed emphasis on internal controls and sustainability of large organisations, while little to no attention has been given to SMEs. The little research on internal controls and sustainability in the context of SMEs has mostly been done in developed countries. Despite this, internal controls and sustainability have not been extensively implemented in the context of developing countries. The need to determine the influence of internal controls on sustainability of SMEs underlines this research. This report adopted a positivist philosophy that entailed utilizing a survey questionnaire to collect data from 150 SMEs operating in Harare’s CBD, Zimbabwe. The sample was further split into Active SMEs and Dormant SMEs (the control group). Data were analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 to spawn statistical and descriptive results. To determine reliability of data, Cronbach’s alpha value was employed. The results indicate SMEs are not implementing controls as they ought to and those SMEs that have controls in place do not ensure that they are adhered to effectively and efficiently in order for them to achieve their desired objectives.
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Msimanga, Dumisile. "The challenges of banks in financing SMEs in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14058.
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This research is a diagnosis of the supply side of SME (small and medium enterprises) credit. Its objectives are to determine the current level of bank lending to SMEs to validate the financing gap, to explore the strategies and mechanisms employed by banks to provide tailor-made lending for SMEs and finally to conclude by identifying some of the key challenges the banks face in their quest to lend to SMEs. This, then, culminated in some recommendations for increasing bank funding to SMEs. This study employed a deductive qualitative research.. The research used a non-probability, purposive/judgmental sampling method to choose the heads of bank SME units to include in the research. There are twelve banks with dedicated SME units, out of a total of 18. The researcher carried out in-depth face to face interviews using semi-structured questions. The qualitative data was coded, deductively analysed and conclusions drawn and incorporated into a report. Banks’ most outstanding challenges in dealing with SMEs in terms of information asymmetry, an unsupportive business environment, poor quality of SME clients and inflexible regulatory requirements.
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Dewar, Neil. "From Salisbury to Harare : the geography of public authority finance and practice under changing ideological circumstances." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17063.
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Bibliography: pages 488-519.This study is based on the assumption that money 'powers the urban system'. Its focus is the geography of public finance in Harare and ideologically inspired change in urban management. The context is the changing circumstances attendant upon the transfer of power from minority White settler colonial rule to Black majority rule in Zimbabwe. The ruling ZANU-PF party professed a continuing ideological commitment to the principles of "Marxist-Leninist-Maoist" socialism. It was surmised that application of these principles to the discharge of urban management and to the provision of public goods and services by a Black City Council would have been reflected in changing trends in the generation, allocation and distribution of public funds. Expressed as an aphorism, the geography of public finance investigates 'who gets what, where; who pays, who benefits, who decides, and who decides who decides'. These issues are addressed in the present study. Annual income and expenditure on both capital and revenue accounts for selected Council operations, were analysed in an attempt to identify significant trends from 1978 to 1984. Analytical methods include regression analysis, tests for statistical significance, multi-variate analysis and shift-share analysis. Local authority organisation and practice in colonial Salisbury is described as a basis for the evaluation of changing patterns of public service delivery after independence. Perceptions of priority issues for the city's growth and development were solicited from Councillors in a structured, open-ended questionnaire, and Council by-laws were analysed for evidence of change in the regulation and control of urban activities. Major findings include: 1. that the accounting procedures employed by the City Council are inappropriate for geographical analysis; 2. that the organisational structure and operational procedures of the Council, particularly with respect to urban finance remain virtually unchanged; 3. that the financial and other data provide evidence of the reallocation and redistribution of public funds to redress the colonial legacy of inequality; but 4. that fundamental structural change consistent with criteria indicating transition to a socialist urban space-economy has not occurred. Evidence is advanced in support of these conclusions and major reasons are suggested.
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Rudy-Chapman, Christopher Paul. "Strategies for innovative urban planning projects in high density living areas : the case of Glen View - Harare, Zimbabwe." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941731.
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The population of Glen View, a high density residential area in Harare, Zimbabwe is increasing. The effects on area living conditions are deleterious. The situation is expected to deteriorate further due to projected population increases: This creative project presents strategic planning, through Recommendations and Guidelines, for the high density residential area of Glen View. This project involves recommending guidelines for innovative urban planning strategies to address the significant living difficulties existing in Glen View. The sources used were secondary and related published material along with the knowledge gained through my personal experience in the high density residential areas in Harare, Zimbabwe during the summer of 1990. It is intended that this project can serve as an example of how innovative planning can work to create a better quality of life for people living in high density residential areas in developing countries.Department of Urban Planning
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Mhakakora, Tafadza Clemence. "The urban housing crisis in Zimbambwe :a case of city of Harare." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5148.
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The issue of human settlements has recently gained much momentum particularly in cities across the world due to rapid rates of urbanization. The housing crisis is manifesting mostly in the cities of the developing countries; the urban poor population is left with no option, they are continuously living in substandard and unsustainable housing conditions due to the desperate housing need. There is a growing trend of migration into urban centers in the developing countries as well as natural population increase in the cities. The inevitable development is the rapid growth of urbanization. The theories on urbanization suggest that the responsible government and local council authorities must be prepared to address socio-economic issues such as the provision of formal housing, infrastructure development and employment creation. The governments in developing countries are struggling to balance economic development and the provision of social services. As a result, the human settlement sector is suffering lack of prioritization when it comes to budget and resource allocation. The resultant factors are the overcrowding of the urban population, high housing backlogs and dilapidation of infrastructure visible mostly in the major cities of the developing countries.
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Ncube, Silobukhosi Princess. "The role of agriculture towards poverty alleviation in poor households in Zimbabwe :the case of Harare Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3099.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the role played by urban agriculture (UA) in alleviating poverty in poor and low income households of Harare. It further examined the factors that confront the practice. The study was conducted after a realisation that despite not receiving much support from city by- laws, poor and low income households of Harare continue to engage in agricultural activities yearly. The desk research method was used to acquire information from a vast of secondary data sources. The secondary sources which were qualitative in nature provided the research with broad literature on urban agriculture and poverty in Harare, Zimbabwe and the world at large. However, a case study research design was employed whereby an in-depth analysis of the topic focused on poor and low income farmers of Harare Province. Literature reviewed and analysed was organised into themes and categories that portrayed urban agriculture as a crucial tool for alleviating poverty. It was also viewed as a tool that can be used as a sustainable livelihood. Despite other factors affecting the performance of urban farmers, lack of clear policies and city by- laws that guide agriculture in the study area proved to be a huge hindrance. Therefore, to achieve sustainable livelihoods and reduce poverty, the research suggested that instead of different pieces of city by- laws governing the practice in Harare and Zimbabwe there is need for one clear urban agriculture policy. It was concluded that the government and city authorities remain the key to unlocking UA‟s full potential by providing formal support to the practice by organising formulation of an inclusive urban agriculture policy that will be understood by every citizen.
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Seirlis, Julia Katherine. "Arcadia : urban space and 'coloured' identities in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342800.
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Pascoe, Margaret Joy. "A situation analysis of street children in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26553.
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The problem of children on the streets of Harare has been increasing over the last five years. The majority of these children appear to be of school-going age. Who are these children? Where do they live? Why are they not attending school? This study is an attempt to provide answers for these questions, to evaluate current policy and programmes for street children and to promote appropriate and effective policy measures. A convenience sample of two hundred and eight children, who fulfilled the definition of street child used in the study, were interviewed using a questionnaire and focus group discussions. A number of children's homes, a probation centre and a remand home were visited and personnel from non-governmental organisations working with street children were interviewed. The study found that the majority of children were male (89%), and the age distribution ranged from six to seventeen years. The mean time period spent on the street was 18,4 months. The most common reason for leaving home was that the family was unable to support the child. Most of the children slept in a nearby squatter settlement or at the city railway station. The most popular income generating activity was guarding motor vehicles. Five of the children were attending alternative education programmes and one third had never attended school. The most common medical conditions were acute respiratory infections, diarrhoeal disease and skin rashes. Some of the children had suffered physical (12) and /or sexual (10) abuse while on the street. Substance abuse, notably glue sniffing, was widespread with 78% of the children admitting to this activity. A general attitude of hopelessness prevailed among the children and few could envisage brighter prospects for the future. Short term measures to improve the children's lives on the street must be taken, but the long-term solution requires a broad attack on poverty in order to eradicate the root problems that force children onto the streets. Recommendation were aimed at the major role players in the lives of street children - the Government, the Department of Social Welfare, the Zimbabwe Republic Police and Non-Governmental Organisations.
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Nyabvudzi, Tatenda Gaudencia. "Assessing the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity in Harare rural district, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1939.
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One of the major problems obstructing international development is the issue of food security. Solutions for this global concern have not yet been found. This research sought to explore the role of social transfers in curbing household food insecurity. Social transfers are regular services or donations which are offered by the government or/and other institutions such as non-governmental organisations to vulnerable households. This exploratory study administered structured interviews, incorporating the Household Hunger Scale, Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning indicator and self designed questions soliciting general household information, to Harare rural residents. The population was divided into clusters and a simple random sampling was used to select three clusters, Mufakose, Glen Norah and Warren Park, thereafter, systematic random sampling was employed within selected clusters.
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Chifamba, Dominic. "Health Care Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening in Harare Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7468.
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Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women of all age groups in Zimbabwe, and mortality and incidence continue to increase. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to assess the factors that influence the utilization of cervical cancer screening services by Zimbabwean women living in Harare, Zimbabwe. Because personal beliefs influence screening, this study was guided by the health belief model (HBM). A total of 394 women whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years were recruited from a health care facility in Harare. A 40-item closed-ended questionnaire was used to assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and cervical screening practices. Descriptive analysis was used to characterize the sample, and logistic regression was used to explore the effects of the hypothesized predictor variables. Results indicated that the strongest predictors of screening were monthly income, marital status, and the HBM construct perceived barriers. The study may promote positive social change as findings may be used to formulate policies that may encourage women to adopt preventive screening practices, which may save lives and reduce costs associated with treating cervical cancer when diagnosed at an advanced stage.
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Murambidzi, Ignicious. "Conceptualisation of mental illness among Christian clergy in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23421.
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Background: More than 13% of the global burden of disease is estimated to be due to neuropsychiatric disorders, with over 70% of this burden in low- and middle-income countries. Characterised by severe shortages of human and material resources, formal mental health services alone are inadequate to meet the burden of mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. New community models and innovative ways of increasing community participation and systematic delegation of specific tasks to other community level professionals have been recommended. Available evidence documents historic clergy involvement in health and wellbeing issues, but they have rarely been viewed as a partner in community mental health care. Aim: This study examines the clergy's conception, recognition of and responses to people with mental illnesses. The purpose of the study is to inform the potential roles and contributions of the clergy to community mental health either as the only contact or as a step in to formal mental health care. Method: Twenty eight in-depth interviews were conducted with clergy from ten church denominations in Harare, Zimbabwe. A framework analysis approach was used for thematic analysis. Nvivo 10 qualitative data software was used to organise the data. Results: Mental illness was conceived as a multifactor phenomenon attributed to both natural (biological and psychosocial) and supernatural (malevolent and benevolent spiritual) causes. Spiritual factors were a dominant theme in both the clergy's views on the causes of, and in their management of mental illness. The clergy were regularly consulted on a variety of emotional and psychological problems. Assistance was readily provided for these problems by all denominations, despite professed capacity gaps in the recognition and management of mental illness, and lack of appropriate training in basic mental health issues. Basic mental health training was recommended by the clergy to enhance clergy capacity for mental health awareness raising, recognition of mental disorders, brief problem focused counseling, and for improving collaborative management for initial and continued informal and formal health care and support. Implications of clergy conceptions, current responses and the perceived role of the church in community mental health are discussed.
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Chikaza, Zakaria. "Analysis of financial sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Zimbabwe : case study of Harare." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97465.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The debate as to whether there is a trade–off between financial sustainability and outreach remains inconclusive among many researchers, therefore this research was conducted to bridge this knowledge gap. The study was conducted in Harare using longitudinal research design and analysed using panel data regression model. The study was conducted for the period of 3 years from 2011 to 2013 on 60 sampled MFIs in Harare. The findings were that MFIs in Harare are very sustainable but their outreach is low as shown by large loan sizes offered to clients. It was further revealed that staff cost per dollar and proportion of female clients are the only variables that affect sustainability of MFIs in Harare. Finally the research revealed that sustainability goals be achieved simultaneously and therefore are compatible. The key contributions to knowledge revealed by the study are as follows: there is a positive relationship between sustainability and outreach. Two variables affect sustainability on MFIs in Harare namely staff cost per dollar and proportion of female clients. The study recommends that Microfinance institutions in Harare should focus on financial sustainability in order to reduce their subsidy dependence, to ensure survival and growth in the future. To the policy makers the study recommends that sustainability does not compromise the outreach to the poor.
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Kanji, Nazneen. "Gender and structural adjustment policies : a case study of Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1244/.
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Research on the effects of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs), implemented in Third World countries since the early 1980s, has been dominated, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, by the analysis of quantitative, national-level data. The relationship between gender and SAPs at the household level has been largely neglected. This thesis examines the above relationship in Harare, Zimbabwe where the government's recent adoption of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme, ESAP (1991-95) has allowed a study of the processes of change at the household level following changes in macro-economic and social policies. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to provide an integrated picture of changes in the lives of women and men in a random sample of 100 households in one typical high-density suburb in Harare. A base-line study was carried out in mid-1991 and the same households followed up in mid-1992. Gender-specific changes in employment and income, household expenditure, domestic work and involvement in social organisations were investigated as well as responses to the dramatic rises in the cost of living following measures implemented under ESAP. The research shows that almost all households have been negatively affected by ESAP, with widening income differentials and a much greater proportion of households falling below the Poverty Datum Line. Household savings have been depleted and a greater number of households are in debt. Women's income has declined to a greater extent than men's and their responsibility to meet daily consumption needs of the household has become more difficult to fulfil, resulting in increased gender-based conflict. Although all households were forced to cut consumption, the poorest households have been worst affected with women taking greater cuts than men. Coping responses were found to be individual and family-based, sometimes across urban and rural areas, rather than community-based. Responses have been defensive, aimed at coping with rather than changing the situation, and largely ineffective in compensating for declining real wages, rising prices and diminishing income generating opportunities. The relationship between changes at household level and specific policy measures were assessed and the evidence indicates that both income and gender based inequalities have, to date, been exacerbated by ESAP. The Social Dimensions of Adjustment poverty alleviation programme is very weak in its conceptualisation and implementation. The study emphasizes the need for more equitable and gender-sensitive strategies for development.
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Gervais-Lambony, Philippe. "A travers images et pratiques : le fait citadin en Afrique noire : étude comparée de Lomé, Togo et de Harare, Zimbabwe." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0013.
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L'etude est une comparaison de lome, ville cotiere du golfe de guinee, qui compte aujourd'hui, sans doute, 600 000 habitants, et harare, ville des hautes terres d'afrique australe et qui compte probablement un million d'habitants : il est utile de montrer la diversite des villes africaines, on ne le fera qu'en traitant conjointement de villes nettement contrastees (ce qui apporte ici d'autant plus que harare, ville d'afrique australe anglophone, est peu connue du monde scientifique francophone). Surtout, c'est parce que l'etude porte sur les pratiques citadines et les representations de l'espace urbain, donc sur les rapports retroactifs entre l'habitant de la ville et le cadre paysager, que la comparaison de deux terrains a priori tres dissemblables est necessaire pour degager le conjoncturel du structurel. La question de fond posee est : peut-on degager des formes communes de representation de l'espace dans les cadres differents (lome est caracterisee par une forte uniformite paysagere et sociale des quartiers alors qu'une segregation raciale systematique a laisse sa marque a harare sous la forme d'un contraste violent entre quartiers africains et banlieues residentielles anciennement europeennes) ou bien le cadre induit-il des pratiques et des representations en tous points differentes? la question est abordee a travers le theme de la citadinite parce que les differences entre les deux villes peuvent etre comprises sous cet angle: lome apparait comme une cite a part entiere alors que la population de harare est seulement en cours de citadinisationThe study consists in a comparison between lome, a city of about 600 000 inhabitants, along the guinea golf coast in west-africa, and harare, a city of more than one million inhabitants, in the highlands of austral africa. The aim of the thesis is to show the variety in african cities, and to introduce french human scientists to harare, a city in english speaking africa. In view of the fact that the research deals with urban space perception and the behavioural practices of the city dweller in his environment, that is to say with the retroactive relations between city dwellers and the urban scape, a comparison of two very different cities appeared to be useful, if not necessary, to reveal structural aspects. The question is: can a common structure of space perception be found in different urban environments ? harare is a segregative city, showing a strong contrast between african an ex-european areas, while lome can be described as non segrative. The problem is considered through the concept of citadinisation because the differences between the two capital cities can be understood from this point of view : the inhabitants of harare appear to be on the way to social urbanization, while the inhabitants of lome can be considered as real african city people
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Choto, Jennifer Rudo. "The Info Market: Transformation of the Harare City Library." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1283460367.
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Muparamoto, Nelson. "Understanding defiant identities: an ethnography of gays and lesbians in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67720.
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Over the years, western and local media have mediated a narrative of a thoroughly homophobic Zimbabwe, not the least emanating from the former president Robert Mugabe’s ongoing homocritical utterances which recurrently generated global news stories. The country does indeed have a protracted history characterised by various forms of attacks on Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe, its membership, and the general lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. A dominant discourse has framed homosexual identities as on or beyond the border of what is acceptable, giving the clear message that they should not be tolerated. However, the narrative needs a more nuanced analysis than what has been popularised. That homophobia has played a significant role in Zimbabwe is of great import, but it is not and cannot be all there is to say about LGBT lives in the country. And, while scholarship on Zimbabwean homosexualities has engaged with debates about its indigeneity, morality and acceptability, it has as of yet not significantly explored the lived realities of non-heterosexual individuals from their own point of view. This thesis aims to begin doing exactly that, addressing the experiences of same-sex loving and attracted individuals in Harare. Drawing on ethnographic sociology, the thesis focuses on understanding how gay and lesbian identities are constructed, negotiated and experienced within an environment that is in many ways overtly homophobic, where, for example, the risk for social exclusion is considerable. It explores what characterises and shapes gay and lesbian identities in Harare in an attempt to interrogate how they reinforce, modify and challenge dominant social categories and relate to globally circulating queer identity categories. The thesis demonstrates that the construction of identities among same sex loving people in Harare variously draws on both locally and globally circulating ideas and insights. The thesis reveals that beyond the considerable attacks on homosexual identities in Zimbabwe, the intersection of local and international discourses on gay and lesbian identities produces identities that are to varying degrees emergent, fluid and perhaps fragmented. Despite attempts to expunge non-heterosexuals from Zimbabwean citizenry by drawing borders on the basis of sexual orientation, same sex loving individuals in Harare have defiantly expressed, negotiated and managed their sexual identities. The thesis describes and analyses things like dating patterns, decision making in same sex relations as well as family and religious experiences. Invoking Goffman’s concept of self-presentation enables one to understand how participants expressed themselves in the midst of like-minded or homo-tolerant individuals and how they deployed themselves in ‘spaces’ considered homocritical or where resentment was likely to be provoked by them openly expressing their sexual orientation. Crucially, same-sex loving and attracted individuals are agentic individuals who have variously stretched the traditional meanings associated with gender and sexuality in a context characterised by heteronormativity. This thesis usefully deploys Giddens’ (1991, 1992) theorisation of late modernity as characterised by conditions allowing a profusion of competing and sometimes contradictory identity discourses which offers the opportunity for self-reflexivity and identity negotiation. This helps us to understand the defiant identities. Whereas western circulating identity politics tout ‘coming out of the closet’, for most of the participants overt indiscriminate disclosure was to be avoided with participants therein deploying strategies that would help them to remain closeted to some family members as well as in religious circles. The consequences of ‘outing’ or disclosure are ostensibly not straightforward but complex, thus requiring a nuanced analysis that goes beyond the binary categories framed as either negative or positive. The thesis shows that experiences of same sex loving people in their families are complex rather than simply situated on the polar ends of either rejection or acceptance. Whilst dominant discourse has depicted religion as fuelling homophobia as it depicts a Christian identity and queer identities as incompatible, the thesis also explores how some participants challenge the borders drawn in religious circles and maintain a relatively active religious life but not always without conflict.
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Tawodzera, Godfrey. "Vulnerability and resilience in crisis : urban household food insecurity in Harare, Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10831.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-222).Within the context of demographic growth, rapid urbanization and rising urban poverty which characterizes much of Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st Century, this thesis examines the urban poor's vulnerability to food insecurity and analyses the strategies that households adopt to enhance their resilience in this challenging environment. Harare is the study site, providing an acute example of a city (and country) 'in crisis', and a context in which formal food markets have failed to meet the needs of the urban poor, within a generalized collapse of the economy. The central question, then, is how do the urban poor meet their food needs under such conditions of extreme material deprivation?
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Nyatondo, Tendayi. "Determinants of the supply of urban public transport services in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29026.
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The level of supply of public transport increases proportionately with population size. However, increases in population growth and urbanization have led to several transport problems, including meeting the supply of transport services. The rationale behind the supply model as used in the study is generally found in economic theory, where vehicle operators/owners choose among alternative opportunities before investing in urban transport service industry. Despite the importance of the transport business sector to the Zimbabwean economy, the continued undersupply in the sector is alarming. The main objective of the study is to identify the factors affecting the supply of urban transport in Harare, Zimbabwe. The research seeks to find the reasons of the high mismatch of demand and supply in the urban public transport sector. These situations are related to finance, demand forecasting, management, high operational overheads, unviable fares, marketing, capitalization at start up and business planning. It also established that many entrepreneurs have high operational overheads as a result of inefficiency due to vehicle old age and high statutory safety requirements on vehicle fitness, which is forcing many large investors to opt to sell their passenger vehicles and venture into haulage trucks instead. By the end of the research we should be able to list the factors affecting investment in this sector in their order of importance such that coming up with solutions to those most important factors may just unlock a lot of investment into this sector This research established the notion that under investment in the transport sector are caused by lack of funding and non viable fares even though occupancy is very good. These factors will serve as a basis of modeling the supply situation in the study area. In addition, the study will outline some policy directions, which need to be considered in order to sustain the supply of urban transport services.
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Manganga, Kudakwashe. "A historical study of industrial ethnicity in urban colonial Zimbabwe and its contemporary transitions : the case of African Harare, c. 1890-1980." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86428.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.This thesis provides a critical and historical analysis of industrial ethnicity in African Harare between the 1890s and 1980. It examines the origins, dynamics and ambiguities of industrial ethnicity in urban colonial Harare (then Salisbury) and its attendant implications for socio-economic wellbeing and inter-group relations. It locates industrial ethnicity within broader questions of inequality and social difference, especially issues like affordability, materiality and power. The thesis pays particular attention to individuals and groups’ differential access to the ‘raw materials’ used in imagining and constructing forms of identification. The thesis is empirically grounded in a specific case study of industrial ethnicity among disparate African groups in urban colonial Zimbabwe, and in the context formed by factors that fomented ethnic enclaves in African Harare’s competitive labour markets during particular historical epochs. Such complex currents remain under-represented in current Zimbabwean historical literature. This is despite the salience and resonance of industrial ethnicity, as well as its multi-layered and ambiguous implications for inter-group relations, and its potential to create differential access to life chances for individuals and groups. The thesis contends that in crisis situations, people tend to identify with their ‘type’ and to use ethnic, kinship and other social ties in their scramble for socio-economic and political resources. This usually involves definitions and re-definitions of ‘selves’ and ‘others’; ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’; contestations and negotiations over identification; and how these varied identities are ‘materialised’. The ways in which migrant workers positioned themselves in the labour market depended on ensuing socio-economic inequalities and the use of social networks, which were indispensable conduits for the transmission of job information and local intelligence. The prevalence of ethnic enclaves and widespread ethnic clusters in colonial Harare’s labour market is explained in terms of a complex synergy of factors, including behavioural, historical, institutional and structural elements. Equally, industrial ethnicity, which had pre-colonial precedents, remained contested, fluid, and ambiguous, and was one among a range of forms of identification available to Salisbury’s African migrant workers. The thesis further situates African ethnicity in its political context by examining its ambivalent interaction with nationalist politics, gender and ‘othering’ work. It contends that African nationalism’s inherent underlying contradictions and tensions, and the subsequent dual categorisation of citizens into ‘patriots’ and ‘sell-outs’ set the stage for hegemonic (and counter-hegemonic) politics, ethnic competition and the politics of marginalisation in postcolonial Zimbabwe.
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Taru, Josiah. "Money, wealth, and consumption among Pentecostal Charismatic Christians in Harare." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72549.
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This thesis examines the entanglements and interactions between OMG – a Charismatic Pentecostal Church and the post-colonial Zimbabwean state through an ethnographic analysis of church members' everyday lives. I focus on money and consumption, and make several arguments in an attempt to explain the rapid expansion of OMG. Whilst the study adopts a political economy approach in framing the conditions under which the church emerged, I place Pentecostal Charismatic belief and experience at the centre of the analysis. Money and commodity consumption have been creatively incorporated into OMG belief systems and doctrines at a time when the Zimbabwean economy is performing poorly, and poverty is an everyday reality for most of the population. The consumption of commodities has religious significance inasmuch as it is a critique of the post- independence government that has largely failed to improve the lives of Zimbabweans. In consuming commodities, OMG congregants set themselves apart from non-members and construct themselves as ‘blessed’ and thriving. I argue that the mismanagement of the postcolonial state has provided crevices and clefts through which OMG has emerged and grown as a proxy to the state by appropriating aspects of state and chieftaincy rituals. Secondly, OMG offers alternative social spaces for citizens to be - or to appear to be - upwardly mobile and construct a sense of common identity based on religion, history and belonging.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria 2019.
Human Economy Programme
University of Pretoria for the Post-Graduate Doctoral Bursary – Humanities
FlyHigher@UP grant
Anthropology and Archaeology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Zindiye, Stanislous. "An empirical investigation into the factors affecting the performance of small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/128.
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This research investigates the factors that affect the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. To achieve this objective, the research hypothesised that a lack of skilled human resources contributes to the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. The research further hypothesized that poor management skills such as human resources, financial management, general management, production management and marketing management result in the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. A research proposition was also stated which stipulated that the current hyperinflation environment affects the profitability of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare in terms of profitability. This study is important because SMEs, despite their contributions to the Zimbabwean economy, have not been given due attention as the research of performance has been biased towards large enterprises. The results indicate that managerial aspects which are in short supply have negative effects on the performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The results also indicate that the high rate of inflation and other economic factors such as foreign currency shortage, interest rate and exchange rate affect their performance negatively. Lastly, the study recommends that SMEs, the Zimbabwean government and other supporting institutions such Empretec, ILO and SEDCO take measures to ensure the survival, growth and development of this sector which has the potential to steer the economy. These measures are expected to improve the managerial skills in the SME sector and consequently result in improved performance.
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Chamuka, Paidashe. "Understanding the sexual practices of medically circumcised males in the context of HIV and AIDS : a study in Harare Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011745.
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Zimbabwe is one of the priority countries nominated by the World Health Organisation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS to adopt and implement voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) because of its high rate of HIV prevalence and its low level of male circumcision. VMMC, which was introduced in Zimbabwe in 2009, is a new HIV prevention method which reportedly offers partial protection of about 60 percent for circumcised males with respect to contracting HIV through sexual relations. The other key prevention method, namely the use of condoms consistently and correctly, has a protection rate of up to 95 percent. As a result, because of only partial protection, medically-circumcised men are encouraged to use condoms to decrease the chances of HIV infection. Concerns though have been raised about the possibility of risk compensation by circumcised males by way of increases in unsafe or risky sexual practices subsequent to circumcision and arising from perceptions of reduced risk through VMMC. This compensation may take the form of condom use aversion including when involved with concurrent sexual partners. If risk compensation does take place, this would lead to increases in HIV transmissions affecting not only the circumcised men but their sexual partners as well. The supposed effectiveness of VMMC as a HIV prevention method has been subjected to significant criticism and, as yet, no significant study has been undertaken in Zimbabwe on the relationship between VMMC, condom use, concurrent sexual partners and risk compensation. Based on a study of twenty-five medically-circumcised males in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, this thesis seeks to understand and explain the relationship between voluntary medical male circumcision and risky sexual practices with particular reference to condom use amongst men engaged in concurrent sexual partnerships. While the thesis finds evidence of risky sexual practices subsequent to circumcision, risk compensation does not seem to be particularly prevalent.
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Nyemba, Taurai Booth William. "An investigation into the management of HIV/AIDS programmes at the workplace in a highly volatile environment: a case study of selected organisations in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/177.
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The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a devastating effect in the world, as it is now rated as the world’s greatest killer since its appearance in the mid 1980s. A UNICEF Report (2005) states that sub Saharan Africa is the hardest hit with countries like Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia and Mozambique having an average of one in every five adults being infected. Sub Saharan Africa has less than 3 percent of the world’s population but it has an estimated 65 percent of the world’s population living with HIV/AIDS as it has 26 million of the 40 million infected people worldwide. In May 2003 the Government of Zimbabwe declared HIV/AIDS a national emergency a move that seems to have yielded results as the HIV prevalence rate has come down from 26.1 percent to 18.6 percent in 2005 and further to 15.6 percent in 2007. The Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (2004) states that if the prevalence had continued at 26.1 percent, about two thirds of today’s 15- year-olds would die from this disease. The deterioration of the political, social and economic situation since 1999 and the withdrawal of donor development support due to policy differences require concerted efforts from all parties concerned, now, rather than later. More commitment must be shown by private and public sector organisations to active participation in the establishing of effective workplace programmes, to assist employees, for the pandemic has placed a heavy strain on the health delivery system, as AIDS patients occupy between 50 percent to 70 percent of all hospital beds. Furthermore, the pandemic is killing the youth at the prime of their working careers so the pandemic, while being a health problem also has a negative macro-economic impact which may lead to a developmental crisis. A study was conducted of six organisations, using two questionnaires, one for management and one for non-management level employees. The study investigates whether the organisations had HIV/AIDS programmes and whether such programmes were effective. The findings were that all six organisations had HIV/AIDS programmes in place. However, some of the programmes were not effective because the employees did not know of their existence. Furthermore, it was found that management initiated awareness programmes and made condoms available but the employees were not changing their risky behaviour.
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Jogi, Shasekant. "The Social Production of the Built Environment: the Case of the Townhouse in Harare, Zimbabwe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27828.
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This research is concerned with the social creation of built environments in the Third World. The absence of appropriate theoretical frameworks has hampered the research of Third World cities. Recently, however, the opportunity for applying concepts, that have to date been largely confined to the study of western cities, has increased provided they are organized in a suitable way. Drawing on concepts such as built environment, socio-spatial dialectic, and structure and agency, this research outlines and applies a framework for the study of Third World urbanization.
In order to explore the interdependence between space and society this study "unpacks" the urban landscape of Harare, Zimbabwe. Working in the context of the culture of capitalism, the study traces the development of the southern African zonal urban system before establishing a typology of landscape ensembles through successive stages of the evolution of Zimbabwe's political economy. Within the current global epoch, the study focuses on a specific type of built environment -- the townhouse.
As a repository of contested cultural ideas and practices, the townhouse stands at the center of often conflicting socio-economic groups defined collectively as a "structure of provision". Using interviews, archival research, and a survey questionnaire, an analysis of these groups which focuses on the production and consumption of the townhouse drew the following conclusions:
On the production side, realtors have assumed a central co-ordinating role in the production of townhouses. Prior to the development of townhouses, the realtor played a more limited role in real estate market. With the emergence of the entrepreneurial developer and with the assistance of the architect, realtors have assumed a central co-ordinating role in the initiation, management, and marketing of the townhouse. Built within specific zones within the city and its suburbs, garden flats and townhouses occupy the wealthy areas of the city. On the consumption side, garden flats and townhouses are occupied by the "managerial bourgeoisie" who comprise wealthy Zimbabweans and expatriates who are predominantly White, managers and professionals. While they share some important similarities they can nevertheless, based on their consumption patterns, be divided into identifiable groups that are geographically distributed within Harare's wealthier areas. It was suggested that production and consumption are ultimately part of the same process that produces status symbols that drive the demand for consumer goods. Ultimately, however, garden flats and townhouses stand testimony not only to the wealth of their occupants, but to patterns of lifestyle reminiscent of the consumption ethic of their counterparts in the First World.
In the context of a Third World city, however, their lifestyle with its show of wealth has, not surprisingly, generated concerns about safety and security among the community of garden flats and townhouse dwellers. These concerns are historically deeply imbedded not only in the region but in the culture of capitalism. It was ultimately concluded that, within the context of late capitalism, the southern African city shares similarities with its First World counterpart.Ph. D.
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Maruta, Anna. "Surveillance of surgical site infections following caesarean section at two central hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98019.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Caesarean section deliveries are the most common procedures performed by obstetricians in Zimbabwe. Surgical site infections (SSI) following caesarean section delivery result in increased hospital stay, treatment, cost, hospital readmission rates and related maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no national surveillance system for SSIs in Zimbabwe, however, information is available on number of cases of post-operative wound infection after caesarean section, but the denominator and definition used is not consistent. The objective of this study were develop and strengthen the surveillance system in Zimbabwe, to establish a clinical-based system in a setting with limited microbiological access, to measure post-operative SSI after caesarean section and to describe the associated risk factors and to determine whether feedback of SSI data has any effect on the surgical site infection incidence rate. Methodology This was a before and after study with two rolling cohort periods conducted at two Central hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. An Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) intervention was conducted in-between. During the pre-intervention period, baseline demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and during the post-intervention period the impact of the interventions was measured. Convenience sampling was employed. Results A total of 290 women consented to participate in the study in the pre intervention period, 86.9% (n= 252) completed the 30-days post-operative follow-up and the incidence rate of SSI was 29.0% (n=73, 95% CI:23.4-35.0) Interventions developed included: training in Infection Prevention and Control for health workers; implementation of a protocol for cleaning surgical instruments; dissemination of information on post-operative wound management for the women. After implementation of the intervention, 314 women were recruited for the post-intervention, 92.3%(n= 290) completed the 30-day follow-up and there was a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the incidence rate of SSIs to 12.1 % (n=35, 95% CI: 8.3 -15.8) during this period. Development of SSI after caesarean section was found to be significantly associated with emergency surgery (p<0.001), surgical wound class IV (p=0.001) and shaving at home (p<0.001) at both pre- intervention and post-intervention periods. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii Conclusion This study shows that caesarean section can be performed with low incidence of SSI if appropriate interventions such as training in IPC, adequate cleaning of equipment and education in wound-care for the mother are adhered to. It also demonstrated a simple surveillance data collection tool can be used on a wide scale in resource limited countries to assist policy makers with monitoring and evaluation of SSI rates as well as assessment of risk factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Keisersnitte is die mees algemene prosedure wat uitgevoer word deur obstetriese dokters in Zimbabwe. Chirurgiese wond infeksies wat op keisersnitte volg lei tot verlengde hospitaal verblyf, behandeling, koste, heropname koerse en verwante moederlike morbiditeit en mortaliteit. Alhoewel daar geen nasionale waaktoesig sisteem vir chirurgiese wondinfeksies is nie, is informasie beskikbaar vir ‘n aantal gevalle wat post-operatiewe wondinfeksie na ‘n keisersnit onwikkel het, maar die noemer en definisie word inkonsekwent gebruik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waaktoesig sisteem in Zimbabwe te ontwikkel en te versterk, om ‘n klinies-gebasseerde sisteem te vestig in ‘n opset met beprekte mikrobiologiese toegang, om postoperatiewe chirurgiese wond infeksies na keisersnitte te meet en om die geassosieerde risikofaktore te beskryf en om vas te stel of terugvoering van chirurgiese wondinfeksie data enige effek op die infeksiekoerse na keisersnitverlossings gehad het. Metodologie Hierdie was ‘n voor-en-na studie met twee kohort periodes uitgevoer by twee sentrale hospitale in Harare, Zimbabwe. ‘n Infeksievoorkoming en –beheer intervensie was tussenin uitgevoer. Tydens die pre-intervensie periode was basislyn demografiese en kliniese data ingesamel deur middel van ‘n gestruktureerde vraeboog, en gedurende die post-intervensie fase was die impak van die intervensies gemeet. Gerieflikheidsteekproefneming was geimplementeer. Resultate ‘n Totaal van 290 vroue het toestemming verleen om aan die studie deel te neem in die pre-intervensie periode, waarvan 86.9% (n=252) die 30 day post-operatiewe opvolg voltooi het en die insidensiekoers van chirurgiese wondinfeksies was 29.0% (n=73, 95% CI:23.4-35.0) Intervensies wat onwikkel was het ingesluit: opleiding in Infeksie Voorkoming en -Beheer vir gesondheidswerkers; die implementering van ‘n protokol om chirurgiese instrumente skoon te maak; disseminering van informasie oor post-operatiewe wondhantering vir vroue. Na die implimentering van die intervensie was 314 vroue gewerf in die post-intervensie fase, waarvan 92.3% (n=290) die 30 dae opvolg voltooi het. Daar was ‘n beduidende (p<0.001) verlaging in die insidensiekoers van chirurgiese wondinfeksies na 12.1% (n=35, 95% CI: 8.3-15.8) gedurende hierdie periode. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za v Daar was bevind dat chirurgiese wondinfeksies beduidend geassosieer was met noodchirurgie (p<0.001), chirurgiese wondklassifikasie IV (p=0.001) en skeer van hare by die huis (p<0.001) by beide die pre-intervensie en post-intervensie periodes. Gevolgtrekking Hierdie studie wys dat keisersnitte uitgevoer kan word met ‘n lae insidensie van chirurgiese wondinfeksies indien toepaslike intervensies, soos opleiding in infeksievoorkoming en beheer, voldoende skoonmaak van toerusting en opvoeding in wondsorg vir die moeders. Dit het ook aangedui dat ‘n eenvoudige data-insameling instrument op ‘n wye basis gebruik kan word in beperkte-hulpbron lande om beleidmakers te help met monitering en evaluering van chirurgiese wondinfeksie koerse, asook die assessering van risikofaktore.
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Chevo, Tafadzwa. "The construction of household livelihood strategies in urban areas: the case of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63043.
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The main objective of this thesis is to understand and explain the ongoing construction of livelihood activities by urban households in the low-income high-density area of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe in a context characterised by systemic crisis and a general decline of the national economy. The study utilised a mixed methods research approach, which combined both qualitative and quantitative research, including a survey, life histories and focus group discussions. The thesis discusses a diverse range of livelihood activities of Budiriro households, such as formal employment, informal trading and agricultural activities, and the ways in which households seeks to diversify their livelihood portfolio. It does this by way of also examining the contemporary and historical factors influencing the livelihood activities pursued by these households, along with the shocks and disturbances encountered and experienced by households in trying to construct viable livelihoods. The thesis makes useful contributions to the existing literature on livelihoods studies. Firstly, the thesis disaggregates the households by showing the existence of three wealth categories in Budiriro and the varying livelihood strategies of households in different wealth categories. Secondly, the study highlights the significance of intra-household dynamics in Budiriro for livelihoods as well as of inter-household kinship networks, which transcend the urban space and entail multi-spatial livelihoods. Thirdly, the thesis examines livelihoods over time, such that it goes beyond a strictly synchronic examination, therefore providing a diachronic analysis of diverse and complicated livelihood pathways. Finally, the Livelihoods Framework is located within broader macro-sociological theorising including the work of Pierre Bourdieu. In this respect, important insights arise about livelihood choices and practices in the light of ongoing debates within sociology about human agency.
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Muchadenyika, Davison. "Social movements and planning institutions in urban transformation : housing in metropolitan Harare, Zimbabwe (2000-2015)." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5581.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis examines the interaction between social movements and planning institutions in the delivery of low-income housing in metropolitan Harare. Post-2000, the problem of housing in Zimbabwe has been characterised by the weak technical and financial capacity of local authorities and central government to deliver low-income housing and social movements challenging conventional housing delivery approaches and promoting alternatives. Between 2000 and 2015, the largest share of low-income housing was provided by housing movements. This study employs transformative theory (Friedmann, 2011) to explain how societies, especially marginalised people, organise alternative services pertinent to their lifestyles. The thesis draws on 95 key informant interviews, 14 focus group discussions (with 120 members of housing movements), and enumeration survey data (covering 6,636 households). It uses extensive material from document analysis (council resolutions, council committee reports, departmental annual reports, co-operative audits and reports, and government investigation reports). This study uses purposive sampling in which defined criteria were used to select housing movements. The study suggests that there has been urban transformation in metropolitan Harare. As argued in this thesis, urban transformation is evidenced by changes in the urban fabric (for instance, through new housing and infrastructure services for the predominantly poor population), reconfiguration of power (with the urban poor playing a vital role in urban development) and the adoption by planning institutions of grassroots-centred planning and housing delivery approaches. This transformation seems to be the result of four factors. First, the sudden increase in social movements involved in the ‘formal and informal’ delivery of low-income housing. Secondly, the drastic decline in the capacity of central and local governments to fulfil their housing delivery mandates. Thirdly, the changes to low-income housing delivery approaches in terms of both planning and housing policy and practice. Lastly, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme has had a wide impact on access to housing in peri-urban areas. The study concludes that urban transformation has primarily been the result of social movements placing pressure on planning authorities which has brought a new urban development order. Interactions between social movements and planning institutions have been characterised by struggles, contestation and alliances, which continue to profoundly shape urban planning and housing in Zimbabwe.
Germany Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
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Wadi, Chenai C. "Livelihood strategies of female-headed households in the Coloured community of Sunningdale in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3839.
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The turbulent economic and political situation that has plagued Zimbabwe over the past two decades has had a dire effect on its urban population. The country’s tempestuous situation has not only threatened urbanites’ access to basic necessities but has also rendered many households and particularly female-headed households vulnerable to poverty and deprivation. Thus the primary objective of this study was to analyse and understand how coloured female-headed households in Sunningdale, Harare, Zimbabwe are surviving in the context of the current economic and political crises in the country. Essentially the study sought to achieve the three main objectives. The first objective was to identify and document the current livelihood strategies that a small sample of coloured female-headed households have adopted; the second was to explore the challenges and problems faced by female-headed households in their daily lives and lastly, the third was to establish what support mechanisms were available to these households to cope with the challenges and problems they face in generating an income and catering to their household needs. Methodologically the study employed a qualitative research approach with in-depth semi-structured interviews being used to collect data from five female-headed households. The data was then analysed using an interpretive approach and presented textually. Essentially the study found that in terms of the first research objective that coloured female-headed households engaged in a range of livelihood activities in order to earn a living, with informal trading being the main livelihood activity that the participants relied on to acquire an income to support their households. With regards to the second objective, it was revealed that the female heads interviewed faced numerous challenges ranging from economic to social problems that limited their ability to develop sustainable livelihoods, thereby increasing their risk to fall into poverty and validating their feminization of poverty. In terms of the third and last objective, the study found that the female heads did not have many reliable support mechanisms available to them thereby limiting their ability to achieve financial and social empowerment.
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Mushosho, Eucaria Yemukayi. "Presentation patterns of invasive cancer of the cervix : a Zimbabwean study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2606.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.The focus of this study is on the presentation patterns of invasive cancer of the cervix (CaCx) in Zimbabwe. The study was undertaken at a large referral cancer treatment centre in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. The main study question addressed was: Are there any changes in the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx in Zimbabwe? This was subdivided into three sub questions: 1) What are the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx among the Zimbabwean women presenting to the major referral centre in terms of histology, stage of the disease, ages of patients, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and socioeconomic status? 2) What is the trend in the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx in terms of the study variables during the period of study? 3) Are there any correlations that exist among the study variables? This study was conducted because of the sharp contrast that exists in invasive CaCx presentation patterns and incidence between the developed and developing countries. The incidence is now very low in developed countries while it is continuing to rise in developing countries resulting in death among women at a time when they are supposed to be more effective in their families and the nation at large. A retrospective documentary study of patients' files using an observation check list was done from 1998 to 2010. A systematic sample of four years was selected with 1998 as the base year (1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010). To strengthen the sample all the available patients' files for the selected years were considered. On average the majority of the patients (91.75%) presented with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 5.5% presented with adenocarcinoma and 2.75% with other types of histology. It was found that (89%) of women presented with late stage disease (stage liB and above). The ages of patients at presentation were between 40 to 60 years. Very few patients had recorded HIV status in 1998 and 2002 but a significant increase in proportion of patients with known HIV status was noted in 2006 (48%) and 2010 (73%). The average percentage for HIV positive patients for 2006 and 2010 was 57% and the average percentage for HIV negative patients was 43%. The majority (58.25%) of the patients were of low socioeconomic status. No significant change in trend was noted for variables except for HIV status where there was a downward trend in the percentage of HIV positive patients and an upward trend in the percentage of HIV negative patients. When correlation analysis was done among the variables no significant association was noted among the variables except that a low degree of association was recorded for the ages of patients and HIV status. The association indicated that young invasive CaCx patients are associated with HIV infection at presentation. The recommendations are that the government should mobilize resources towards prevention and control of invasive cancer of the cervix and awareness campaigns on early presentation should increase. Furthermore the cancer registry should expand its services to cover all health institutions nationwide. It is also recommended that further studies should be done on the presentation patterns of invasive CaCx and of HIV status. Longitudinal studies are recommended in order to monitor changes in presentation patterns.
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Mlanda-Zvikaramba, Judith Chipo. "Exploring the potential for community participation in solid waste management in Highfields Harare." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23649.
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This dissertation aimed to assess the potential for community participation in solid waste management. The study took place in Highfields, which is a suburb in Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe. Two approaches were used to collect the data: qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative methods included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents, resident representative and members of some prominent environmental groups. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires designed in such a way as to capture knowledge attitudes and perceptions. In the course of the study it emerged that people were more concerned with the visual and sanitary impacts of poorly managed or uncollected waste as opposed to the environmental impact. Moreover very few residents were aware of the environmental impacts of inappropriately managed waste. The study revealed that there was a prevailing culture of dependence on municipal management of solid waste. The mentality that waste management is the sole responsibility of municipal authorities is one of the greatest challenges that is proving to be an obstacle in integrating the community in waste management. It is concluded that though there is a definite need for improvement in the current solid waste management system the concept of the community playing a role is hindered by the prevailing attitude that the responsibility of waste management reset in the hands of municipal authorities. Copyright 2008, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Mlanda-Zvikaramba, JC 2008, Exploring the potential for community participation in solid waste management in Highfields Harare, MA dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302012-113635 / > C12/4/4/gmDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
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Machakaire, Danai Gladman. "Transformation of urban planning practices using geo-spatial technology in managing rapid urbanisation in Harare: Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1454.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyPolitical independence for Zimbabwe in 1980 brought about fundamental socio-conomic changes which impacted on urbanisation trends in the country. For instance the removal of colonial influx control laws and regulations which had previously served to curtail ruralurban migration marked the beginning of a new developmental era characterised by rapid urbanisation. Political and economic downturns later experienced in the country in the last decade of the twentieth century and after resulted in massive de-industrialisation, company closures and high unemployment. These changes impacted significantly on the spatial structure of cities which had to firstly adapt to socio-political integration, and had to later focus on the basic challenges of providing shelter and alternative means of employment in a depressed economy. The physical and spatial manifestations of such changes included the rapid growth of informality, the collapse of urban infrastructure and the apparent disregard for the colonially styled urban development management frameworks. This research consequently evaluates the performance of current urban planning frameworks and practices in the face of such changing circumstances. This is against a backdrop of the apparent failure by urban planning to transform in line such development trends. The study explores the theoretical framework of rapid urbanisation, urban planning, and technological innovation in urban development management systems. The main focus of the study is on the transformation of planning practices and frameworks. Geo-spatial technology (GST) is mainly used as a demonstration and methodological tool for analysis and evaluation. The methodology is made up of two contrasting case studies based in the CBD of Harare (Zimbabwe‟s capital city) and Epworth (an informal settlement on the outskirts of Harare). The CBD case study measures the performance of planning frameworks within a formally planned set up whilst the Epworth case study demonstrates the (in)effectiveness of current planning practices to contemporary urban development challenges. The main findings of the research support the need to have mobile planning frameworks and tools that have the capacity to promptly respond to fast changing developmental trends. The other main finding highlights the positive relationship between impartial participation in planning and high level of success in achieving planning objectives.
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Moyo, Pennia. "An assessment of private sector participation as a viable alternative for improved urban water provision in Zimbabwe : the case of Harare Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80130.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study gives an analysis of urban water services provision in Zimbabwe in general. The case study of Harare Municipality was used to get an in-depth analysis of urban water provision in an urban set-up and assess the possibility of private sector engagement for water provision. The engagement of the private sector through Public- Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the provision of public services has become a common practice in many countries. The overall benefits noted for the use of these partnerships include increased effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery. The private sector has been favoured for the provision of services, given the financial and expertise benefits that it brings into public service delivery. Water services delivery in many countries in Africa has been dogged by a plethora of problems that include, water losses, poor revenue collection, lack of cost recovery, inadequate financial investment to expand water infrastructure and overall inability to meet demand resulting from urban expansion. Given these challenges, PPPs provide an option for service delivery. These partnerships have been in the form of leases, management and service contracts, as well as concessions for the provision of public services. Private sector participation (PSP) in service delivery in different forms is rooted in various theoretical ideologies that include New Public Management (NPM), Public Value, New Governance and Network Governance. The reduction of the role of government in the provision of public services; the adoption of private sector management style; the use of networks in service provision and participation of the stakeholders are key principles in these theoretical ideologies. These principles have thus been adopted through public sector reforms for service delivery. Case studies from Senegal, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania are applied in this study, to take note of key lessons on the engagement of the private sector for provision of urban water services, as well as the key determinants of successful partnerships. The institutional and legal framework of reforms undertaken in these countries are analysed as part of the enabling environment for successful partnerships. Data collection for this study was done through key informant interviews, covering water administration issues, water provision challenges and private sector engagement in Harare. The obsolete water infrastructure and inadequate financial levels have affected water provision and coverage in Harare. Unaccounted for water was found to be above 30 percent for the City of Harare, whilst water production levels are much lower than demand. Attempts at engaging the private sector for improving water provision through a concession for the Kunzvi Dam Project have not gone beyond the signing of the contract. What is clear is that there is a lack of a regulatory framework; political willingness, lack of trust, economic uncertainty, lack of financial sustainability and a performance monitoring framework. These are key factors in ensuring a viable public- private arrangement. For private sector involvement to be successful, in the context of this study, the recommendations include the need for a regulatory framework for PPPs in Zimbabwe, establishment of a regulator through policy, political willingness and transparency.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied ’n algemene analise van stedelike watervoorsieningdienste in Zimbabwe. Die gevallestudie van die Harare-munisipaliteit word gebruik ten einde ’n in-diepte analise van stedelike watervoorsiening in ’n stedelike omgewing te bekom en om die moontlikheid van privaatsektor-betrokkenheid ten opsigte van watervoorsiening te assesseer. Die betrokkenheid van die privaatsektor deur middel van Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe met die oog op die verskaffing van openbare dienste het in vele lande wêreldwyd algemene gebruik geword. Die algehele voordele vir die gebruik van sulke vennootskappe sluit verhoogde doeltreffendheid en deeglikheid van diensverskaffing in. Die privaatsektor geniet voorkeur vir die voorsiening van dienste gegewe die finansiële en kundigheidsvoordele wat dit aan openbare dienslewering toevoeg. Die lewering van waterdienste in vele lande in Afrika word deur ’n oormaat probleme geteister wat waterverliese, onvoldoende betalings, gebrek aan kosteverhaling , onvoldoende geldelike beleggings om waterinfrastruktuur uit te brei, en die algehele onvermoë om aan die aanvraag weens stedelike uitbreiding te voldoen, insluit. In die lig van die vermelde uitdagings bied Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe ’n opsie vir dienslewering. Dié vennootskappe is in die vorm van huurkontrakte, bestuurs- en dienskontrakte, sowel as konsessies vir die verskaffing van openbare dienste, vergestalt. Deelname deur die privaatsektor aan dienslewering in verskillende vorme is gewortel in verskeie teoretiese ideologieë wat Nuwe Openbare Bestuur, Openbare Waarde, Nuwe Leiding en Netwerkleiding insluit. Die vermindering van die regering se rol in die voorsiening van openbare dienste; die aanvaarding van privaatsektor-bestuurstyl; die gebruik van netwerke ten opsigte van diensverskaffing en die deelname van belanghebbendes, is sleutelbeginsels in hierdie teoretiese ideologieë. Hierdie beginsels is dus deur openbare sektorhervormings met die oog op diensverskaffing aanvaar. Gevallestudies uit Senegal, Kenia, Suid-Afrika en Tanzanië is in hierdie studie toegepas met die oog daarop om sleutellesse rakende die betrokkenheid van die privaatsektor ten opsigte van die voorsiening van stedelike waterdienste ter harte te neem, sowel as die sleuteldeterminante van geslaagde vennootskappe. Die institusionele en wetlike raamwerk van hervormings wat in vermelde lande onderneem is, is geanaliseer as deel van die geskikte omgewing vir geslaagde vennootskappe. Data-insameling vir hierdie studie is gedoen deur sleutel ingeligte onderhoude wat wateradministrasie-aangeleenthede, watervoorsiening-uitdagings en privaatsektor-betrokkenheid in Harare dek. Die afgeleefde waterinfrastruktuur en onvoldoende finansiële stelsels het watervoorsiening en dekking in Harare geraak. Daar is bevind dat die onverantwoordbaarheid ten opsigte van water in die stad Harare bo 30 persent was onderwyl waterleweringsvlakke veel laer is as die aanvraag daarvoor. Pogings om die privaatsektor te betrek by die verbetering van watervoorsiening deur middel van ’n konsessie vir die Kunzvi Dam-projek, het nog nie verder gevorder as die kontrakondertekening nie. Wat duidelik is, is dat daar ’n gebrek aan ’n reguleringsraamwerk bestaan, daar is geen politieke wil nie, daar heers algemene gebrek aan vertroue, ekonomiese onsekerheid en ’n gebrek aan finansiële volhoubaarheid, en daar bestaan nie ’n prestasiemoniteringsraamwerk nie. Hierdie is sleutelfaktore ten einde ’n lewensvatbare openbare-private ooreenkoms te verseker. Om privaatsektor betrokkenheid – in die konteks van hierdie studie – geslaagd te maak, sluit die aanbevelings die volgende in: die behoefte aan ’n reguleringsraamwerk vir Openbare-Privaatvennootskappe in Zimbabwe, die totstandkoming van ’n reguleerder deur middel van beleid, ’n politieke wil en deursigtigheid.
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Teedon, Paul Lawrence. "An analysis of aided-self-help housing schemes : a study of a former colonial city, Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293986.
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Bandason, Nyasha. "Patterns and determinants of health care utilization : an assessment of high density urban areas in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9429.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-123).Zimbabwe has been well known, since independence in 1980, to have one of the best health care systems in Sub-Saharan Africa regardless of a low economic growth pattern. The gains in health status that have been reaped in the 1980s and early 1990s have now been reversed due to the combination of the effects of structural adjustments policies, intermittent drought, a decline in the quality of health care services and severe economic decline. The current economc environment places pressure on households, especially the poorest, to meet the rising costs of individual medical care. The study focused on the evaluation of the patterns and determinants of health care utilization, which can aid in understanding the responsiveness of individuals to the current health care system in light of the economc climate. A detailed assessment of health seeking behaviour and health care utilization was performed using a cross-sectional household community survey comprising of 527 households (2302 individuals) that were randomly selected in three high density suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. Information pertaining to demographics, socio-economic status, and health status in addtion to the experiences in the use of health care services or health care providers was collected using a questionnaire.
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Masiiwa, Rufaro. "Inpatient household economic burden of child malnutrition in Zimbabwe : a case study conducted at Harare Central hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9449.
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Includes bibliographical references.Severe acute malnutrition is one of the leading underlying causes of mortality in children under the age of five years. Nearly one to two million child deaths worldwide can be attributable to this illness. Although it is considered to be a global public health issue, severe acute malnutrition imposes an uneven burden on health resources across the world, with low-income countries shouldering much of this burden. Like any illness, severe acute malnutrition imposes an economic burden on households that, if significantly large could result in the impoverishment of households. However, despite the existence of a large volume of literature on the intergenerational economic consequences of malnutrition, little is known about the short term household economic consequences of malnutrition. This mini-dissertation sets out to estimate the household economic burden imposed by severe acute malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, it aims to investigate and evaluate household responses to the economic consequences of malnutrition and the effect of the responses on household economic welfare.
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Hovorka, Alice J. (Alice Judith) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Searching for an alternative discourse to 'development'; women heads- of-households' access to adequate housing in Harare, Zimbabwe." Ottawa, 1996.
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Mapira, Wendy. "Demand for health care services in the urban areas of Zimbabwe : a case study of the Harare city." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6905.
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Bibliography: leaves 68-70.The study attempts to evaluate the impact of the health sector deregulation policy on the choice of health care providers 12 years after its implementation. It gives some insights into the pattern of health care choices in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe with the aim of drawing some conclusions about the urban areas of Zimbabwe. The other objective is to highlight the impact of personal characteristics and factors related to the facility on the choice between public and private health care providers. Some coping mechanisms being used by urban dwellers in dealing with illness are also investigated. Micro data was gathered by administering a questionnaire to randomly selected individuals who experienced some illness or injury during the reference period. For empirical estimation, logistic regression was used. The results of the study show that the urban poor rely heavily on public health care providers, informal forms of care, and they have limited access to private sector facilities. Although the deregulation policy managed to bring in new players in the health sector, the amount of competition was not enough to lower the cost of health care because the cost of drugs and consultation fees continued to soar. The major factors found to influence health care choices are gender, net monthly income, education, occupation, and availability of essential drugs, fees and the cost of drugs. The results of the study show a clear message that deregulation of the health sector did manage to increase the size of the private sector but failed to widen the scope of provider choices especially for the poorer urban residents.
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Chipinduro, Joseph. "Assessment of healthy lifestyle practices in type 2 diabetes patients and association with glycated haemoglobin levels in Harare, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6912.
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Magister Public Health - MPHIntroduction: The control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is pivoted on adherence to a healthy lifestyle (healthy diet, physical activity and non-smoking). Zimbabwe reports a high burden of T2DM related complications suggesting an increased inability by patients to control their blood glucose levels. This study, therefore, sought to describe the healthy lifestyle practices of T2DM patients in Harare, Zimbabwe and associate these practices with their glycated haemoglobin (HBA1C) levels, a marker for the control of diabetes. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Participants were T2DM patients who were 18 years and older from two tertiary hospital diabetes clinics in Harare. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire which was interviewer-administered along with height, weight and HBA1C measurements. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study populations. Chi square test was used to calculate statistically significant associations between healthy lifestyle behaviours and demographics or HBA1C levels at the significant level of 0.05%.
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Nyaruwata, Chido. "International Responses to Health Epidemics: An Analysis of Global Health Actors' Responses to Persistent Cholera Outbreaks in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32380.
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Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by the infection of the intestine with bacterium vibrio cholera. The diarrhoeal disease is a recurrent feature of Zimbabwe's post 1990s history. From 1993 to 2018, the country has experienced several cholera outbreaks in both rural and urban areas. The country's worst cholera outbreak occurred in 2008/2009 and resulted in over 4000 deaths. The dissertation analyses three global health actors' responses to persistent cholera outbreaks in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Building on previous scholarship of water, cholera and politics, the dissertation compares global health actors' responses to the 2008/2009 and September to November 2018 cholera outbreaks. The dissertation used the qualitative research method including analysis of existing academic literature, Zimbabwean national legislation, non-governmental organisation (NGO) publications and conference reports, news articles and Zimbabwean government policy documents. In-depth interviews with personnel from the World Health Organisation, United Nations Children's Fund, Médecins Sans Frontierès (Doctors without Borders) and the Harare City Council Health Department were conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe from June to July 2019. The dissertation demonstrates that the scope and speed of global health actors' emergency cholera interventions in Harare are shaped by Zimbabwe's political climate and the state of Harare's health, water and sanitation infrastructure.
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Chiwaridzo, Matthew. "Prevalence and individual risk factors associated with non-specific low back pain among secondary school adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3007.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Traditionally, non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) has been described as an important public health issue among adults but a rare phenomenon in the young. However, recent epidemiological studies have provided evidence that NSLBP affects all age groups. In adolescents, the literature has shown that the prevalence has increased tremendously during the past two decades. The reasons for this remain unclear. In addition, there is substantial evidence to suggest some adolescents will experience severe episodes of recurrent NSLBP associated with adverse consequences such as long-term chronicity into adulthood, reduced health-related quality of life, and school absenteeism. In-spite of such evidence, no studies have been conducted in Zimbabwe to investigate the subjective presence of NSLBP symptoms among school-aged adolescents and to screen adolescents in schools affected by the condition in an attempt to identify the associated risk factors. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence (lifetime and point) and the one-year prevalence of recurrent NSLBP. In addition, the study aimed at identifying the individual risk factors associated with the report of recurrent NSLBP. A further aim was to compare the health-related quality of life between adolescents with recurrent NSLBP and those without.
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Soko, White. "Frequency of CCR2V64I and CCR5Δ32 host genes and their association with HIV infection among pregnant women from Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1790.
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Magister Public Health - MPHAim: To determine and compare the prevalence of CCR5-Δ32 and CCRV64I genes in HIV positive and HIV negative population of pregnant women from Harare, in Zimbabwe. Results: The proportion of pregnant women with the homozygous CCR2V64I gene was 24.38% and this gene was two times more associated with HIV infection than in those without it ( RR= 2.32, 95% CI-1.38-3.92). No CCR5-Δ32 deletion was detected in the studied population. Conclusion: The homozygous CCR2V64I gene and STIs were more prevalent in HIV infected pregnant women than in uninfected pregnant women and no homozygousCCR5-Δ32 gene was detected in this study.
South Africa
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Siraha, Pester. "The reasons for low utilization of long acting contraceptives amongst HIV positive women at Harare post test services clinic, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79960.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study sought to answer the question, what are the reasons for low utilization of long acting contraceptives among HIV positive women attending the Harare Post-test support services clinic. The study was conducted at Harare Post-test support services clinic from September to December 2012. Data was collected using respondent administered questionnaires. A sample of 30 respondents was used for the study. After data collection, data was grouped, analysed and presented in the form of tables, figures, charts and descriptive statistics. The major findings from the study were that the majority of the women who attend the Harare Post-test support services clinic are within the age groups 35-49yaers. Most of the women are not using and modern contraceptive method. Condoms are used by 17% of the respondents and the long acting contraceptives, Jadelle and IUCD and used by a very low number of women attending the clinic. Fear of side effects is one of the reasons why the women are not suing long acting contraception. Most of the women know that the Jadelle and IUCD are long acting methods of contraception which prevents unintended pregnancy for up to five years for Jadelle and up to ten years for the IUCD. The long acting contraceptives are not available at the post test-support services clinic since the set-up of the clinic is not ideal for the provision of these services, women who need the methods are refereed outside the clinic were the cost to access the services is not affordable for most of the respondents. The conclusion drawn from the study is that women living with HIV have limited knowledge and access the long acting contraceptives at Harare Post-test support services clinic hence are not utilizing the methods. The researcher recommends that all women attending the clinic should be educated on the benefits of using dual protection to protect against unintended pregnancy as well as HIV transmission. A proper referral system should be established so that women referred to other service providers do not pay extra fees to access family planning services at the referral centres. Any IEC material should address the myths and fears related to use of long acting contraception by HIV positive women. The young age group below 35years should also be encouraged to access family planning services through the Post-test support services clinic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat die redes is vir die lae gebruik van langwerkende voorbehoeding onder MIV positiewe vroue wat die Harare Post-test ondersteuningsdienste kliniek besoek. Data is deur middel van vraelyste onder 30 deelnemers ingesamel. Die resultate het getoon dat die meerderheid van vroue wat die kliniek besoek het tussen die ouderdomme van 35 en 49 was. Meeste van hulle gebruik nie moderne voorbehoeding nie, slegs 17% het aangedui dat hul kondome gebruik. Die langwerkende voorbehoeding Jadelle en IUCD word deur min die van vroue gebruik. ‘n Vrees vir die nadelige uitwerking daarvan is een van die redes waarom hul nie die voorbehoeding gebruik nie. Meeste van die vroue is bewus dat Jadelle en IUCd langwerkede metodes is wat swangerskap voorkom en dat Jadell tot 5 jaar werk en IUCD tot 10 jaar effektief kan wees. Die langwerkende metodes is egter nie by die kliniek beskikbaar nie en vroue wat die metodes verkies word na ander diensverskaffers verwys waar wat vir meeste van die vroue nie bekostigbaar is nie. Daar kan dus van die studie afgelei word dat MIV positiewe vroue beperkte kennis en toegang rakende die langwerkende voorbehoeding het en daarom nie die metodes ten volle benut nie. Die navorser beveel aan dat alle vroue wie die klinkiek besoek ingelig moet word oor die voordele van die tweeledige vorm van beskerming, nie net teen swangerskap nie maar ook teen MIV-infeksie. ‘n Verwysingstelsel moet in plek gestel word sodat die vroue wat na ander diensverskaffers verwys word nie nodig het om ekstra daarvoor te betaal nie. Daar word verder ook voorgestel dat die klinkiek meer inligtig rakende die langwerkende voorbehoeding beskikbaar stel en ook gesinsbeplanningsdienste aanbied.
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Chidhawu, Tinotenda. "The right to adequate housing in Zimbabwe: A contextual and jurisprudential anatomy of public housing policy implementation; Harare (2000-2018)." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7676.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDAmid notable and ongoing research about housing, structural hurdles crippling state efforts to guarantee the right to adequate housing have been extensively analysed and widely recognised. Albeit study after study demonstrates bureaucratic lethargy, the housing challenge is much complex. Harare increasingly appears to be a city in a housing crisis. The depredations of politics have repeatedly frustrated orderly urbanisation. Comparatively little on the politics of housing has been written or studied. Consequently, the realisation of the right to housing is under constant threat with the city spiralling into endemic disorder. The turbulent policy landscape since 2000 plunged housing into a chaotic and unstable milieu
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Katungire, Tsitsi. "An exploratory study of factors affecting the availability of laboratory consumables at state-owned medical laboratories in Harare Province, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5367.
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Magister Public Health - MPHThe Zimbabwean government recognizes the critical role laboratories play in ensuring the health of the nation. Well-resourced and functioning laboratories are the sine qua non of effective diagnosis, treatment and clinical monitoring of medical problems such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. In Zimbabwe, frequent unavailability of essential laboratory reagents and consumables have been reported but less well-reported are the factors associated with these "stockouts" at medical laboratories. Applying qualitative research methodologies, this study sought to explore the bottlenecks to the availability of laboratory consumables at state-owned medical laboratories in Harare Province. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit stakeholders' perspectives and experiences with regard to the availability of laboratory consumables. These were complemented by observation of procurement, supply and distribution processes and individual follow-up interviews in 7 facilities where medical laboratory scientists were purposively selected. Rigour was ensured through data-source triangulation, provision of thick descriptions of the setting, maintaining an audit trail and transcribing data verbatim. Data analysis identified recurring themes and key suggestions made by respondents. A complex web of economic, human resources and supply chain factors affect laboratory commodity availability in Harare. Salient factors negatively affecting commodity availability included inadequate funding, human resources, poor communication and coordination among stakeholders, lack of transport, long lead times and limited inventory management skills. A comprehensive approach to resolving the challenge is warranted through advocating for more funding, complementing donor efforts on staff retention, improved coordination and collaboration among stakeholders and re-designing the laboratory supply chain. Further research would assist in determining ways of efficiently utilizing the limited available resources.
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Mukushi, Adam Tafadzwa. "Psycho-social challenges faced by caregivers of children with Cerebral palsy in Dzivarasekwa Suburb, Harare, Zimbabwe : implications for social work practice." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2390.
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Thesis(M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018Disability is most prevalent in low income countries and communities. Cerebral palsy c is one of the disabilities that is affecting a sizeable number of children in low income countries. This study sought to explore the psycho-social challenges faced by caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Dzivarasekwa Suburb in Zimbabwe. The study had the following objectives: to identify the psycho-social challenges facing caregivers of children with cerebral palsy, to appraise individual characteristics of caregivers which predispose them to stress, social exclusion and other psychosocial challenges, to establish which coping mechanisms are employed by caregivers of children living with cerebral palsy in response to the challenges they are facing and also to suggest possible solutions/ strategies social workers may employ to improve caregiving of children with cerebral palsy. The study used a qualitative approach in exploring the psychosocial challenges caregivers face. The qualitative approach was useful as participants were able to participate freely giving a more realistic picture of their challenges. The research used an exploratory-descriptive case study design in exploring challenges faced by caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Dzivarasekwa Suburb. Data was then collected using in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Participants were caregivers of children with cerebral palsy, a hospital psychologist as well as social workers for a local NGO supporting the rehabilitation work at a local hospital. Data were analysed used the Thematic Context Analysis method. The research concludes that caregivers are subjected to stressing conditions, lack the financial means of caring for a child with CP; caregivers employ negative strategies to the problems they face which include using the children to beg, prostitution among others. The study recommends that, government should lead initiatives for supporting children with disabilities and their families, formation of support groups for parents of children with cerebral palsy, and continuous training of frontline workers in disability to avoid burn out.
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Musiyambiri, Joshua. "Leadership challenges to the Episcopacy in the Anglican Diocese of Harare in Post-Independent Zimbabwe : a pastoral theological perspective (1980-2013)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61195.
Full textAbstract:
Leadership is never understood or interpreted in a vacuum but is always situated in a context. The specific context of this study is post-independent Zimbabwe. Thus the context calls for democracy, transparency and local community participation. Yet it is also the context of many post-independent African countries who have opted for democracy in theory, but the leadership style is very authoritarian. Authoritarian leadership has a long tradition within the church and specifically in the Anglican Church, Diocese of Harare, where bishops were often seen as kings or very close to kings and yet there are also alternative views on leadership within the Christian tradition that emphasises servant leadership. Colonial leadership appears to have had a great impact in Africa, and some governments have adopted such leadership styles as autocratic, authoritarian, and dictatorial. Self-centred leadership, however, has a great chance of being a source for lawlessness and corruption. Leaders are vested with power and authority, and if such trust with power is abused, the majority of ordinary people suffer. It seems that the leadership pattern in the church is parallel to that of national governance, or rather, church leadership is influenced by an African king leadership model. The leadership challenges noted in this research are mainly about 1) race, 2) land and 3) power. The bible gives examples of normative ways of leadership, which elicit responsibility, accountability and giving value to other people. Christ's life of service to others demands that one regards oneself less while considering the other person's needs first. The Christian calling is that of sacrificial love expressed through serving others even when it means going through persecution for that. The question that this study will seek to grapple with is how to think about leadership in the Anglican Diocese of Harare taking all these aspects of the context into consideration and seeking a preferred leadership style for the office of the bishop. The researcher suggests servant leadership as the alternate model to be implemented by the church. As a long-term solution, the researcher suggests that the Anglican Church in Zimbabwe revisit its priestly formation programme and leaders from all levels in the church to emphasise a consolidated leadership focus.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Practical Theology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Gurupira, Wilfred T. "Barriers to condom use in serodiscordant couples where one partner was on ART at the UZ Clinical Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4994.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Public Health - MPHThe HIV prevalence rate in Zimbabwe has been estimated at 15% (15 years old and above), which is one of the highest in the world, and HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health problem. The focus of HIV prevention strategies has been on heterosexual transmission since this is the primary driver of the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe. Heterosexual serodiscordant couples represent an important subpopulation for HIV prevention but are not well studied in Zimbabwe. In Harare almost all serodiscordant couples participating in the HPTN 052 study reported correct and consistent condom use. However, rates of STIs and pregnancies showed that couples in the study continued to have unprotected sex, in-spite of intensive couples’ counselling, quarterly follow up visits and provision of condoms. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore barriers to condom use by these serodiscordant couples in which one partner was on ART in Harare, Zimbabwe. It used a two stage qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews being the primary method of data collection. These interviews were conducted on a sample of five study staff, 15 serodiscordant couples and individuals enrolled in the HPTN 052 study in Harare, Zimbabwe after consent was obtained. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected.The study findings showed that partners were in a fairly large age range (30 to 50+ years) with males being slightly older than females. Seven males and five females were HIV positive. Couples had a wide variation in the length of their relationships, from one month to over 15 years as a couple. The study findings also showed that individuals in serodiscordant relationships understood serodiscordance. Problems unique to these couples were identified and broadly categorized as dealing with an HIV positive result, accepting serodiscordance, and difficulty of disclosing serodiscordance to family. Couples also showed understanding of the importance of condom use in a discordant relationship. The most common reason for using condoms was to prevent transmission of HIV to the uninfected partner. The main barriers to condom use were the strong desire to have children, male partner reluctance to use condoms and the influence of the negative partner in determining condom use. Based on these findings, a nuanced approach to prevention strategies, such as condom use and couples counselling and testing, is required. The aim should be to increase understanding of serodiscordance, risk and condom use at all sessions or contacts with couples.