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Journal articles on the topic 'Hard Drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Sharp, D. "Hard Drugs and "British" Solutions." Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 80, no. 2 (2003): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jtg037.

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2

Bohannon, J. "PUBLIC HEALTH: Hard Data on Hard Drugs, Grabbed From the Environment." Science 316, no. 5821 (2007): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5821.42.

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3

Erawati, Ambar Dwi, and Okti Trihastuti Dyah Retnaningrum. "Pemanfaatan Video Edukasi Dalam Rangka Penguatan Kesadaran Hukum Penggunaan Obat Keras Di SMA N 7 Kota Semarang." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (ABDIRA) 4, no. 3 (2024): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/abdira.v4i3.468.

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Gevaarlijk drugs are drugs that should not be traded freely because hard drugs harm the body if used irrationally. The abuse of hard drugs is often abused by the community, especially students. The method used is to provide assistance with 1 time of counseling, mentoring and 1 evaluation, then the video is shared with students of SMA N 7 Semarang class X to be used and can be spread to other friends. The target of this activity is that SMA 7 students understand hard drugs and be careful in their use. The service implementation team made an educational video that can be used by teenagers to avo

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4

Melberg, Hans Olav, Andrew M. Jones, and Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen. "Is cannabis a gateway to hard drugs?" Empirical Economics 38, no. 3 (2009): 583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-009-0280-z.

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5

Rea, Rustam. "New drugs, but old habits die hard!" Practical Diabetes 31, no. 9 (2014): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1902.

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6

Crewe, Ben. "Prisoner society in the era of hard drugs." Punishment & Society 7, no. 4 (2005): 457–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474505057122.

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7

Sysak, T. "Seeking hard data on adverse effects of drugs." Canadian Medical Association Journal 184, no. 8 (2012): E405—E406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4152.

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Marditia, Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas, and Putu Devi Kuaumawardani. "Marketplace Accountability Regulatory Model for the Online Distribution of Hard Drugs (Prescription Drugs)." SOEPRA 8, no. 1 (2022): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/shk.v8i1.4760.

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Donnermeyer, Joseph F. "Rural Youth Usage of Alcohol, Marijuana, and “Hard” Drugs." International Journal of the Addictions 28, no. 3 (1993): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089309039626.

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10

Woods, W. E., Sylvia Chay, T. Houston, J. W. Blake, and Thomas Tobin. "Efficacy of testing for illegal medication in horses." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187, no. 9 (1985): 927–30. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1985.187.09.927.

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SUMMARY The efficacy of testing for illegal drugs in race horses was surveyed by evaluating 27 questionnaires received from 28 racing jurisdictions polled. Large variations in the number of samples tested and drugs detected were reported. Some jurisdictions reported only illegal medications, whereas others also reported permitted medications. To facilitate comparison, stimulants, depressants, local anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers were classified as hard drugs. Other drugs, which are legal in some jurisdictions, were classified as soft. To evaluate the efficacy of testing, p

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Adedotun, Adedayo F., Olanrewaju K. Onasanya, Abass I. Taiwo, Olumide S. Adesina, Oluwole A. Odetunmibi, and Onuche G. Odekina. "Bayesian Spatial Analysis of Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Smoking, Use of Hard Drugs and Its Residual Geographic Variation among Teenagers of Reproductive Age in Nigeria." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 1 (2022): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170128.

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The use of hard drugs (Alcohol, cocaine and Nicotine) has remained the censorious issue globally and in Nigeria. The use of hard drugs and tobacco smoking is common in the stage of adolescence and youth life, which is a deterrent to education and career advancement. Hence, this study looks into socio-demographic factors that influence the use of hard drugs and tobacco smoking among teenagers between the ages of 15 years to 19 years. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional data was used and a secondary data was obtained from DHS - National Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) from the sur

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12

Zidna Di’inina Fakaubun, Azril Mahulauw, and Dzulfikri Mewar. "Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Tenaga Kefarmasian Tentang Penyerahan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Dokter di Apotek Desa Waimital." Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Umum dan Farmasi (JRIKUF) 2, no. 2 (2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.57213/jrikuf.v2i2.135.

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Introduction Hard drugs are drugs that have hard properties and if used carelessly or not according to the rules, can cause dangerous side effects and even poison the body, aggravate the disease, trigger the emergence of other diseases, to cause damage to body organs and death. Hard drugs are drugs that can only be obtained by prescription. Its characteristics are marked with a red round circle with a black border with the letter K in the middle that touches the border. This drug should only be sold in pharmacies and must be prescribed by a doctor at the time of buying it. While Mandatory Phar

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Helmut Kury, Annette Kuhlmann, and Jorge Quintas. "On the Preventative Effect of Sanctions for Drug Crime: The United States, Germany, and Portugal." Archives of Criminology, no. XLI/1 (May 31, 2019): 261–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2019f.

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One of the most discussed types of crime in Western countries is the use and sale of illegal drugs, especially hard drugs. The debate has become more heated over the few last years in the context of controversies over migration from the south to the north and an intensification of drug dealing. On the one hand, we find an increasing acceptance of soft drugs, while on the other hand, conservative groups argue for harsher punishment to reduce the problem. This chapter discusses the developments in the USA, Germany, and Portugal and raises doubts about the effectiveness of more and harsher punish

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E, Samia. "Common Drugs Causing Xerostomia." Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000187.

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Saliva is need for maintaining a healthy mouth environment and general health.Many factors can affect the volume and compositions of saliva. Xerostoma which refers to a subjective sensation of dry mouth, is derived from the Greek words "xeros" (ξηρός), which means "dry," and "stoma" (στόμα), which means "mouth." Reduced salivary flow and altered salivary gland composition and function are the outcomes of xerostomia.Symptoms of xerstomia include dryness or a feeling of stickiness in your mouth. Saliva that seems thick and stringy, bad breath and having hard time chewing, speaking and swallowing

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Itika, Guleria* Vishwadeepak Kimothi. "Adverse Reactions to First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs As a Risk Factor of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2025): 2181–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15236308.

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First-line drugs for tuberculosis (TB) still need to be used to treat pulmonary TB. Bad drug reactions (ADRs), on the other hand, make it hard to stay on treatment, which can lead to less-than-ideal results and the spread of TB that drugs can't stop. ADRs can happen with first-line drugs used to treat TB. This review talks about these issues and how they make it tough for people to keep up with their treatment. It also gives ideas for how to make these issues less important.

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Melaugh, Brian, and Hannah Rodrigues. "‘The voice of the street’: Using peer led outreach with people who use drugs to inform the development of Ireland’s National Drug Strategy." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 19, no. 3 (2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v19i3.1188.

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The purpose of this article is to share how an Irish drugs advocacy organisation, UISCE conducted a consultation with ‘People Who Use Drugs’ (PWUD) to inform the development of Ireland’s National Drugs Strategy: Reducing Harm Supporting Recovery. People who use drugs are considered a ‘hard to reach’ or ‘hidden’ population’ who, because of their marginal status, are often absent from research and drug policy. Indeed, there is a lack of published data on how to engage with PWUD to inform policy development. The paper aims to extend the literature by highlighting how UISCE, employing a ‘peer-led

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Auliyah Sahar, Irma Novrianti, and Jufri Ubrusan. "Distribution Deviation Of Limited Over-The-Counter Medicines And Prescription Medicines In Grocery Storesin X Village, Tarakan." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 6, no. 2 (2024): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v6i2.2035.

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Regarding the distribution of medicines to pharmaceutical facilities, there are several problems that are often found in the community, namely, there are still many places such as grocery stores that do not have permits to sell medicines, in fact quite a few of these stalls sell hard medicines without service and information about good treatment. This research aims to obtain an overview of irregularities in the distribution of restricted over-the-counter medicines including precursors and Obat-Obat Tertentu (OOT) and hard medicines in grocery stores in the amal beach area. This study used desc

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18

Susilo, Avrilya Iqoranny, and Zamharira Muslim. "Community Behavior Study Regarding Drug Purchases at Bengkulu City Pharmacies in 2021." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 13, no. 1 (2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2022.4.

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At this time the practice of self-medication or self-medication is increasingly being carried out by the community. This is done for various reasons, including feeling that the disease they are suffering from is only a minor illness that does not need to be treated by a doctor. This study aims to get a picture of people's behavior when searching for drugs at pharmacies in their self-medication practice in the Bengkulu City area. The research was conducted using a direct survey research method using observation sheets. Determination of the sample of pharmacies and respondents was done by using

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19

Aranda, Danna. ""Die-Hard Supporters"." Cornell International Affairs Review 14, no. 2 (2021): 86–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.37513/ciar.v14i2.618.

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The success of the maverick politician Rodrigo Duterte in the 2016 election is cited as a result of the weaponization of social media—whereby professional, tech-savvy strategists mobilized public opinion through a networked system of disinformation. Yet, there is evidence of grassroots campaign support that emerged via online platforms. Those who have mobilized include Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), who have used Facebook groups to rally in support of Duterte. This research looks at the activities of two OFW Facebook groups to understand precisely how and why they organized for Duterte. Emp

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20

Seran, Ivan Charles, Arista Wahyuningsih, Dewi Rahmawati, et al. "SOSIALISASI DAGUSIBU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DI POSYANDU KEMUNING VIII, KECAMATAN KRIAN." Jurnal Bakti untuk Negeri 4, no. 2 (2024): 34–39. https://doi.org/10.36387/jbn.v4i2.2272.

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DAGUSIBU (Get, Use, Store, and Dispose) is a drug counselling programme designed to increase community knowledge and awareness about the correct use of drugs, especially how to get, use, store, and dispose of drugs. This programme was implemented at Posyandu Kemunin VIII with the aim of increasing family awareness of medicine. The material provided is in the form of a general understanding of drugs and their classification which includes over-the-counter drugs, limited over-the-counter drugs, hard drugs, and hard drugs as well as pharmaceutical needs. We will then explain what drugs require pr

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21

Gammel, I. V., and S. А. Gorbunova. "The study of the range of drugs in hard gelatin capsules." Medical almanac, no. 1 (2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2018-1-121-125.

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22

Sheldon, Tony. "Twin study shows cannabis makes moving to hard drugs more likely." BMJ 332, no. 7535 (2006): 197.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7535.197-b.

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23

van Doornum, G. J. J., J. A. R. van den Hoek, E. J. C. van Ameijden, et al. "Cervical HPV infection among HIV-infected prostitutes addicted to hard drugs." Journal of Medical Virology 41, no. 3 (1993): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890410303.

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24

Nathania, Jovita, Sutarno` Sutarno, Adriano Adriano, and Zamroni Zamroni. "Criminal Liability for Abuse of Hard Drugs for Illegal Abortion Practices." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 5 (2025): 3376–84. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i5.1760.

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In Indonesia, abortion is still a major and contentious legal and health issue, especially when it is carried out beyond the bounds of the law. Illegal abortion practices have increased as a result of the growing number of unintended pregnancies, which are mostly caused by premarital sex, a lack of information, and adolescent-free association. Criminal culpability for persons, including women who knowingly have abortions and others who help or facilitate the procedure, is the focus of this article. This paper analyzes statutory rules, court rulings, and legal principles using a normative legal

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25

Carbonneau, Rene, Frank Vitaro, and Richard E. Tremblay. "School Adjustment and Substance Use in Early Adolescent Boys: Association With Paternal Alcoholism With and Without Dad in the Home." Journal of Early Adolescence 38, no. 7 (2017): 1008–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617708054.

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The present study examined the association of paternal alcoholism with early adolescent boys’ school adjustment and substance use, and its moderation by paternal absence, controlling for parents’ socioeconomic resources. A community sample of 653 urban, low socioeconomic status (SES) families from Montreal, Canada, was assessed and information collected from parents, teachers, and adolescents’ self-reports, and school records. Paternal alcoholism was significantly associated with boys’ lower academic performance, lower grades, higher frequency of tobacco, marijuana and hard drugs use, of getti

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Iqradiya, Azdyra, Heriani, and Sari Wijayanti. "Overview of Sales And Investment of Hard Drugs in Pharmacy “X” In Pamusian Village, Tarakan City With ABC Analysis For The Period Of October 2023 – October 2024." JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) 7, no. 2 (2025): 204–9. https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v7i2.2459.

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Background: This study aims to evaluate the sales and investment of hard drugs at Pharmacy "X" Pamusian Village, Tarakan City, using the ABC analysis method during the period from October 2023 to October 2024. Objectives: The ABC analysis method is applied to group drugs into three categories based on investment value and contribution to sales. Research method: The data analyzed include sales of hard drugs, investment value, and pharmacology categories. Results: The results of the study show that out of a total of 169 hard drug items, group A consists of 48 items with the highest investment va

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Yarchuk, I. I., T. V. Melnyk та O. V. Morhun. "Іnfluence of multicomponent growth regulators on winter resistance forming and productivity of winter wheat." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, № 2 (2020): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0134.

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The growth of gross grain may be obtained only with growth of agrotechnical methods. Therefore there is a need for further investigation of the complex influence of the main technical means on plant growth and development. It is necessary to define an influence of multicomponent drugs on the wheat win- ter resistance and productivity. To solve this task, field investigations were held for conditions of northern Steppe aiming to define regularities of growth and development, winter resistance forming, and productivity of the hard winter wheat depending on growth regulating drugs, different leve

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28

Novak, Scott P., Sean F. Reardon, and Stephen L. Buka. "How Beliefs about Substance Use Differ by Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Individual Experiences, and Neighborhood Environments among Urban Adolescents." Journal of Drug Education 32, no. 4 (2002): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gj7d-n0kf-nw64-klw0.

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In this article, we tested a series of Item Response Theory (IRT) models to examine the individual and neighborhood variation in perceived risk along dimensions of substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs) and usage patterns (light/experimental use, moderate use, heavy/regular use). Data were gathered from 2266 adolescents aged 9,12, and 15 residing in 79 Chicago neighborhoods. Developmental patterns for age and amount of use were observed whereby older respondents rated alcohol and marijuana as less harmful compared to the younger respondents, but rated hard drugs as more harmful. Ri

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Sonar, S. P., S. B. Gondkar, and R. B. Saudagar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Liquid Filled Hard Gelatin Capsule of Febuxostat." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5 (2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3579.

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Liquid filled hard gelatin capsule are well recognized as a solid dosage form for convenient administration of drugs orally in a liquid form. This liquid composition available help the most challenging drug compounds in capsules has increased significantly in recent years. The drugs which have low solubility, poor bioavailability, low melting point, critical stability are the perfect candidate for liquid filling in capsule. The current study presents the formulation aspects, filling and sealing aspects of capsule, evaluation parameters of the liquid filled hard gelatin capsule using Febuxostat

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Sonar, Shivani, Sheetal Gondkar, and Ravindranath B. Saudagar. "Liquid Filled Hard Gelatin Capsule." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2794.

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Novel dosage forms emerges more and more in recent years. One of them is liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, which have gelatin or the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell. The liquid-filled hard gelatin capsule is gradually getting attention because of its new-concept dosage form design, which bring liquid drugs by solid form. The paper mostly presents application, pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assessment, vision of liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules and emphases on the application and pharmaceutical manufacturing of liquid-filled capsule. It is recommended that th

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31

Gill, Andrew M., and Robert J. Michaels. "Does Drug Use Lower Wages?" ILR Review 45, no. 3 (1992): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500301.

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This study, using microdata from the 1980 and 1984 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, examines the effects of drug use on wages and employment. Contrary to most previous researchers' findings that illegal drug use negatively affects earnings, this analysis suggests that, once an allowance is made for self-selection effects (that is, unobservable factors simultaneously affecting wages and the decision to use drugs), drug users actually received higher wages than non-drug users. A similar analysis of employment effects shows that the sample of all drug users (which included user

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32

Prasetyo, Elang, Taufik Makarao, and Fauziah Fauziah. "APPLICATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TO DRUGS CASES OF POTENT DRUG LIST G CLASS 2." Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 5, no. 1 (2023): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v5i1.107.

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The concept of Restorative Justice has actually been around for quite some time, more than twenty years ago as an alternative settlement of criminal cases, especially children, with various considerations. As stated by John Braithwaite that, Restorative Justice is a new direction between "justice" and "walfare model", then between "retribution" and "rehabilitation". Restorative justice is a settlement process that is carried out outside the criminal justice system by involving victims, perpetrators, victims' families and perpetrators' families, the community and parties with an interest in a c

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Suroto and Sukma Nur Indra Wibawa Ika. "Circulation of Hard Drugs by A Pharmacy Without an Official Prescription of a Doctor Review Based on A Study of Health Law." International Journal of Arts and Social Science 5, no. 9 (2023): 104–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7756053.

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Drugs are one of the important components in health administration that must always be available and are indispensable in health administration. Drugs can interfere with health, when used inappropriately or when misused. The uniqueness of the over-the-counter drug trade is not something to be underestimated. Seeing the health opportunities that arise from self-medication and the widespread trade in hard drugs without specialist treatment, this fact should help the health regulatory requirements by public authorities as suppliers of health offices for the local area, for this situation the Food

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34

Setiyono, Mashuri, and Nahdiya Sabrina. "Formulation of Criminal Law Policy against Drug Users without a Distribution License." EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies 4, no. 6 (2022): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjhcs.2022.v04i06.003.

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Regarding drugs that do not have a distribution permit, it is necessary to understand the drugs in question beforehand. Medicine itself means that it is made from ingredients obtained directly from natural Indonesian ingredients, processed based on experience and used in medicine. In principle, drugs can benefit human health, but if the drugs do not have a distribution permit, of course, the drug will cause human disease. Drugs that do not have a distribution permit under the Health Act are widely circulated in the community, including hard drugs. Several drugs are prohibited from circulation,

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Gujrathi, Ashish. "Women Health Awareness, Acquisitions, and Partnerships to Bring New Era for Contraceptive Drugs." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 6, no. 1 (2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/099.

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The spread of COVID-19 and the resulted lockdown imposed across the globe has negatively affected the contraceptive drugs market. Many women across the world found it hard to purchase the pills as contraceptive drug manufacturers were facing challenges due to inconsistent supply chains and the workforce.

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Robins, Philip. "Back from the Brink: Turkey's Ambivalent Approaches to the Hard Drugs Issue." Middle East Journal 62, no. 4 (2008): 630–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/62.4.14.

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Willyard, Cassandra. "Prisoners, hard hit by hepatitis C, decry lack of access to drugs." Nature Medicine 18, no. 11 (2012): 1594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1112-1594.

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Wouters, Marije, Annemieke Benschop, Margriet van Laar, and Dirk J. Korf. "Cannabis use and proximity to coffee shops in the Netherlands." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 4 (2012): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812448033.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of coffee shop availability on the prevalence and intensity of cannabis use, as well as the effectiveness of the ‘separation of markets’ policy. A convenience sample of nightlife visitors and a sub-selection of previous year cannabis users were used for analyses on cannabis and hard drugs use. Logistic regression analyses showed that coffee shop proximity does not seem to be linked to prevalence of cannabis use or intensity of use. In addition, proximity of coffee shops does not seem to be linked directly to hard drugs use.

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German, Pearl S., and Lynda C. Burton. "Clinicians, the Elderly and Drugs." Journal of Drug Issues 19, no. 2 (1989): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268901900204.

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The increase of the elderly within our population makes for increased chronic disease and, hence, greater use of sophisticated medications now available. This paper reviews current knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics among elderly users of drugs and estimates the prevalence of use of prescribed drugs. Less is known of specifics of prescribing patterns, but evidence clearly suggests the strong influence of patient/doctor communication in compliance and control of side effects. There is little hard evidence on the populations considered at high risk for inappropriate prescribi

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Dzugaeva, L. A. "MODERN BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR HARD-SEEDED CROPS." Scientific Life 16, no. 5 (2021): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-583-590.

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One of the significant factors of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the use of chemicals causes environmental pollution and is accompanied by significant investments of material and energy resources. In addition, there is a decrease in humus in the soil. Therefore, agrotechnical techniques aimed at maintaining the natural fertility of the soil and stimulating the development of soil microflora are very relevant. Currently, natural growth regulators and bacterial preparations designed to activate the metabolic processes of plants and i

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Dzugaeva, L. A. "MODERN BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR HARD-SEEDED CROPS." Scientific Life 16, no. 5 (2021): 584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-584-593.

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One of the significant factors of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the use of chemicals causes environmental pollution and is accompanied by significant investments of material and energy resources. In addition, there is a decrease in humus in the soil. Therefore, agrotechnical techniques aimed at maintaining the natural fertility of the soil and stimulating the development of soil microflora are very relevant. Currently, natural growth regulators and bacterial preparations designed to activate the metabolic processes of plants and i

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42

Wong, Frank Y., Estina E. Thompson, Z. Jennifer Huang, Royce J. Park, Julia DiGangi, and Jordana M. De Leon. "Alcohol, Drugs, Sex, and HIV Risk Behaviors among a Community Sample of Black and Coloured South Africans." Journal of Drug Issues 37, no. 3 (2007): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260703700301.

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The objective of this study was to examine substance use and HIV risk behaviors among a community sample of Black and Coloured South Africans. Eligible participants aged 18 and above were recruited from one historically Black and one historically Coloured township in Cape Town. Blacks and Coloureds were about equally as likely to use at least one soft drug (e.g., cannabis). Coloureds were more likely to use at least one hard drug, with methamphetamines being most common. Alcohol before sex was the primary “driver” of having unprotected sex and served as a mediator of other risk factors such as

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Hideharu, Shintani. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction vs Solid Phase Extraction in Biological Fluids and Drugs." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (IJCPT) 2, no. 1e (2013): 1. https://doi.org/10.19070/2167-910X-130004e.

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Saloko, Aryo Galih, and Asfi Manzilati. "EXAMINING THE GATEWAY HYPOTHESIS OF DRUG USE IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v9i1.2021.95-106.

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Background: Drug misuse is a global threat, including in Indonesia. Solving issues of drug use is by understanding the drug patterns. One of the important concepts related to public policy in drug addiction is the gateway hypothesis. However, not all researchers support this theory as the initation of drug use is debatable in terms of how a person starts to consume tobacco and alcohol, marijuana, and then other drugs.Aim: This study identified a initiation sequence of drug use, particularly the gateway from soft to hard drugs and its reverse from hard to soft drug patterns.Methods: This study

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ANELE, Miracle Chukwuemeka DIBIA Peter Nnadozie. "A PERCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF OWERRI BOSS RADIO DRUG SENSITISATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST HARD DRUG USE AND ITS EFFECT ON OWERRI YOUTHS." IMSU Journal of Communication Studies 8, no. 1 (2024): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12692780.

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The researchers in this study sought to find out the behavioural effect of radio drug sensitisation campaigns on Owerri youth’sperception and behaviour. This study was anchored on the health belief theory. This study employed a survey research design andused the questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. The population of 589,564 was used to represent Owerri Metropolis residents. Wimmer and Dominick online sample size calculator was used to arrive at a sample size of 384. The purposive and multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in the study. Finding gotten from the study

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Van Dorn, Richard A. "Correlates of Violent and Nonviolent Victimization in a Sample of Public High School Students." Violence and Victims 19, no. 3 (2004): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.3.303.65768.

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This study investigates the extent to which student reports of violent and nonviolent victimization in public high schools is associated the presence of hate-related words or symbols, the availability of hard and soft drugs, and the presence of gangs. Data from the 1999 School Crime Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey were used for this analysis. In the final multinomial logistic regression model, the presence of hate-related words, the availability of hard drugs, and a gang presence were significantly associated with reports of violent victimization. The availability of soft

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Zhang, Zhansai, Jingbo Zhang, Jie Liu, Hetong Zhao, Yanfang Zhao, and Daoyuan Sun. "The effect of different drugs on hard metal lung disease in a rat model." Toxicology and Industrial Health 38, no. 2 (2022): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07482337211062973.

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Hard metal lung disease (HMLD) drugs include dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex), methylprednisolone (MP) injection, N-acetylcysteine injection (NAC), and a mix of Dex, MP, and NAC (MIX). In this study, we compared the effects of these drugs on different cytokines of hard metal lung disease in a rat model. Thirty-six adult female Sprague Dawley rats were distributed equally into the control group, hard metal (HM) group, Dex group, MP group, NAC group, and MIX group. HM powder (0.5 mL, 20 mg/mL; one time) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to the HM group through the pulmonary endot

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Octarina, Nynda Fatmawati, Muhammad Hasan, and Danang Teguh Ari Bowo. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Kepemilikan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Dokter." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 9, no. 4 (2022): 1059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i4.26697.

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Medicine is one of the human needs when the human body is not healthy. Drugs also have various types with different ways of consuming them. There are some drugs that cannot be consumed freely, in other words, they must be determined by a doctor using a doctor's prescription. Many of the drugs that use a doctor's prescription that have a hard label such as heart drugs, or drugs that contain narcotics and so on. Therefore, in order to avoid things that are detrimental to the user, the purchase of this drug must be with a doctor's prescription. The issue that I will discuss here is whether it is

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Wira U, Oga Yudha, and Rehnalemken Ginting. "FAKTOR YANG MENDORONG PENYALAHGUNAAN OBAT KERAS UNTUK TUJUAN ABORSI DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN." Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 9, no. 1 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/recidive.v9i1.47395.

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<p>Abstrak<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mendorong tindak pidana penyalahgunaan obat keras untuk tujuan aborsi serta penegakan hukum terhadap penyalahgunaan obat aborsi yang ada di kabupaten sragen terkait maraknya peredaran obat keras jenis Cytotec di internet yang disalahgunakan untuk menggugurkan kandungan. Jenis Penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, metode empiris yaitu dengan observasi atau penelitian secara langsung wawancara dan studi dokumentasi secara langsung ke lapangan guna me

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Michael, H. Boyle, and R. Offord David. "Psychiatric Disorder and Substance Use in Adolescence." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 10 (1991): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379103601001.

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This article examines the relationship between psychiatric disorder and the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and hard drugs during adolescence. The sample of 1,302 adolescents aged 12 to 16 came from households selected by stratified, cluster and random sampling of the 1981 Canada Census. Symptom checklists were used to approximate diagnoses of conduct disorder, attention deficit disorder and emotional disorder. Logistic regression analyses indicated that conduct disorder was strongly related to all types of substance use and that emotional disorder was related to the use of tobacco, alcohol

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