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Keohane, Robert O. "Understanding Multilateral Institutions in Easy and Hard Times." Annual Review of Political Science 23, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050918-042625.
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In my scholarly work, I have sought to understand institutionalized multilateral cooperation in world politics, and the context of such cooperation: extensive economic interdependence, or globalization. What are the political implications of economic interdependence? Under what conditions are states facing globalization willing to share their authority with multilateral organizations over whose policies they exert only indirect and collective influence? I have developed interpretive frameworks and some theory to address these issues. In other work, I have helped to develop precepts for qualitative research design, and I have explored some normative issues associated with institutional accountability and legitimacy. My work on multilateral institutions, which was done in a period of increasing multilateral cooperation, is challenged by increasing inequality in capitalist democracies, financial crisis, and nationalist forms of populism. I am now seeking to understand the international and comparative politics of climate change, which I regard as an existential crisis.
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Beck, U., G. Reiners, U. Kopacz, and H. A. Jehn. "Decorative hard coatings: interdependence of optical, stoichiometric and structural properties." Surface and Coatings Technology 60, no. 1-3 (October 1993): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(93)90119-9.
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Haraguchi, Masahiko, and Soojun Kim. "Critical infrastructure interdependence in New York City during Hurricane Sandy." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-03-2015-0015.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of Hurricane Sandy from the perspective of interdependence among different sectors of critical infrastructure in New York City and to assess the interconnected nature of risks posed by such a hurricane. Design/methodology/approach This study uses indirect damages of each sector to estimate the degree of functional interdependence among the sectors. The study examines the impact of the hurricane on different critical infrastructures by combining hazard maps of actual inundation areas with maps of critical infrastructure. The direct damages of each sector are calculated from the inundation areas in the flood map. The indirect damages are estimated by considering the areas that were not inundated but affected by Sandy through the interconnected infrastructure. Findings The electricity sector was the key sector to propagate risks to other sectors. The examination of new initiatives to increase the resilience of critical infrastructures in New York City after Sandy reveals that these initiatives focus primarily on building hard infrastructures to decrease direct damages. They understate the importance of interdependent risk across sectors. Future disaster risk reduction strategies must address interdependent infrastructures to reduce indirect damages. Originality/value This paper focuses on estimating the direct and indirect damages caused by Hurricane Sandy in each critical infrastructure sector, using GIS mapping techniques. It also introduces a Bayesian network as a tool to analyze critical infrastructure interdependence.
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Ahmad, Sohail, Sadia Sohail, and Muhammad Rizwan. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Complex Interdependence." Global Regional Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(iii-i).05.
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Presented in the late 70s, the theory of Complex Interdependence is in line with the contemporary scenario of international politics. International politics has given up the traditional approaches of hard power. Non-state actors now serve as significant stakeholders in world peace. This paper examines CPEC along the framework of Complex Interdependence. China will build a network of roads, railways and highways across Pakistan, contributing to infrastructure development and economic growth. The notion that China and Pakistan are “iron brothers” is popular among the diplomatic circles of both states. Both states share military, diplomatic and strategic ties. However, the economic ties could not be realized to the full potential as contacts at the societal level are minimal. CPEC possesses the ability to bridge these gaps and transform the relation into “Complex Interdependence”.
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Ishaque, Waseem, Shabnam Gul, and Muhammad Faizan Asgher. "BRICS and Evolving Trends of Complex Interdependence: Implications for Pakistan." Global Economics Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).13.
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By far, the Realist notion of Power politics has remained the dominant paradigm in examining interstate relations; however, I want to argue that the evolving international landscape is moving fast towards complex interdependence. The peaceful rise of China, recurrence of Russia and rising Indian stature with a stable economic outlook and human capital of over 1 billion are hard facts, which is transforming the prevailing norms of international order by way of cooperative engagement, economic collaboration, common development and creating shared destiny by way of win-win cooperation. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has assumed greater significance, as it is a transregional organization based on economic integration. This research article explores the contours of a successful model, identify potential challenges and opportunities and suggests a way forward for optimizing the gains promised through this economic bloc.
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Berman, Leah Wrenn, Jürgen Bokowski, Branko Grünbaum, and Tomaž Pisanski. "Geometric “Floral” Configurations." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2009-036-3.
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AbstractWith an increase in size, configurations of points and lines in the plane usually become complicated and hard to analyze. The “floral” configurations we are introducing here represent a new type that makes accessible and visually intelligible even configurations of considerable size. This is achieved by combining a large degree of symmetry with a hierarchical construction. Depending on the details of the interdependence of these aspects, there are several subtypes that are described and investigated.
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Visco, Thomas, and Alex Zimmerman. "The Next American Century: A Traditional Hard Power Problem or a New World Order?" Pitt Political Review 8, no. 1 (December 16, 2011): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ppr.2011.14.
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There is a general consensus that the new world order gathered steam in response to World War II. Major institutions like the United Nations, NATO, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights all fortified the common belief that economic, social, and political interdependence is unavoidable. This international framework in which both domestic and foreign policies have far-reaching and unclear implications is not well understood. Important debates concerning economic and military intervention in developing countries, the scope and enforceability of human rights, and the role of international governing bodies are far from settled. This raises an important question for the United States: What ought to be the values that define American foreign policy given these highly contentious circumstances? More specifically, should the United States rely primarily on its military strength as leverage? Can the U.S. maintain its superpower status? What might this look like in the future and is this desirable? These are the questions that will guide a discussion between Thomas Visco and Alex Zimmerman.
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Marković, Svetislav, Dušan Arsić, Ružica R. Nikolić, Vukić Lazić, Branislav Hadzima, Vladimir P. Milovanović, Renata Dwornicka, and Robert Ulewicz. "Exploitation Characteristics of Teeth Flanks of Gears Regenerated by Three Hard-Facing Procedures." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154203.
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Numerous phenomena that occur during the process of machine parts’ regeneration have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Therefore, the properties of the working surfaces of the teeth flanks of repaired gears were analyzed in this research. The hereditary properties of the gear teeth are expressed by the interdependence of their geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by welding/hard-facing. The hard-facing was executed with three filler metal types, namely: combination Inox 18/8/6 + EDur 600, Castolin 2 and UTP 670. The tested properties included geometrical accuracy, microstructure and microhardness. Evaluation of the executed regeneration procedures was done by comparing the mentioned parameters of the regenerated gears and the new ones. The tested gears were not withdrawn from production due to damage, but they were newly manufactured and intentionally damaged gears, made of the same materials, subjected to the same manufacturing process. In this way, all influences except for the considered filler metal type were eliminated. Based on results of the conducted experiments, it was possible to establish the influence of the filler metal type on the surface characteristics of the regenerated gears’ teeth flanks.
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Luli, Elira. "Cases Where Soft Power is Being Ignored." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p126-131.
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Today, in times of globalization and anarchy regarding global security concerns and global order in general, one can expect a dramatic shift to soft power in approaching unresolved sensitive issues that have plagued and petrified the whole system of international relations. But since there is friction and lack of constructive communication between great powers global disorder will continue to disperse divergences, conflicts, exclusions, cultural-ideological biases and extremism around the world. The world environment reveals itself uncertain with a bunch of challenges ahead that require the utilization of soft power values and its potential to resolve some of these sensitive issues in a durable time frame. Although globalization tends to shrink the role of hard power in general because of the growing interdependence relation among states, one can still observe some cases where states base their actions solely on hard power or are still attached to its means and strategies. Conversely, other states seem unwilling to share and exchange values or attracts other actors or states by argument or persuasion in order to achieve common goals. This paper aims to analyze the role of soft power, namely the power to persuade and attract through its “values dimension”, its effectiveness to complement hard power and cases where its role has been ignored.
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Han, Zhen, and T. V. Paul. "China’s Rise and Balance of Power Politics." Chinese Journal of International Politics 13, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz018.
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Abstract The post-Cold War international system, dominated by the United States, has been shaken by the relative downturn of the US economy and the simultaneous rise of China. China is rapidly emerging as a serious contender for America’s dominance of the Indo-Pacific. What is noticeable is the absence of intense balance of power politics in the form of formal military alliances among the states in the region, unlike state behaviour during the Cold War era. Countries are still hedging as their strategic responses towards each other evolve. We argue that the key factor explaining the absence of intense hard balancing is the dearth of existential threat that either China or its potential adversaries feel up till now. The presence of two related critical factors largely precludes existential threats, and thus hard balancing military coalitions formed by or against China. The first is the deepened economic interdependence China has built with the potential balancers, in particular, the United States, Japan, and India, in the globalisation era. The second is the grand strategy of China, in particular, the peaceful rise/development, and infrastructure-oriented Belt and Road Initiative. Any radical changes in these two conditions leading to existential threats by the key states could propel the emergence of hard-balancing coalitions.
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Cuestas, Juan Carlos, and Merike Kukk. "The interaction between housing prices and housing credit: evidence from a country with rapid credit accumulation." Journal of Economic Studies 48, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2019-0519.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the mutual dependence between housing prices and housing credit in Estonia, a country that experienced rapid debt accumulation during the 2000s and big swings in house prices during that period.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use Bayesian econometric methods on data spanning 2000–2015.FindingsThe estimations show the interdependence between house prices and housing credit. More importantly, negative housing credit innovations had a stronger effect on house prices than positive ones.Originality/valueThe asymmetry in the linkage between housing credit and house prices highlights important policy implications, in that if central banks increase capital buffers during good times, they can release credit conditions during hard times to alleviate the negative spillover into house prices and the real economy.
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Hunter, Lise, and Jonathan Lean. "Investigating the Role of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Social Capital in SME Competitiveness in the Food and Drink Industry." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, no. 3 (August 2014): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0153.
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This paper investigates the effects of social capital on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, using entrepreneurial leadership as the explanatory variable. It employs a data set of 359 food and drink manufacturers in the south-west of England to develop a structural equation model of interdependence between social capital, leadership and entrepreneurship. The study reveals that social ties with local associations and professional services providers are predominant on both structural and relational dimensions. The resulting inadequate level of brokerage obstructs the market knowledge required for vision formulation, despite the fact that ‘hard work’, ‘continued improvement’ and ‘ambition’ are common shared values in this sector. The paper concludes by recommending training to fill the knowledge gaps impeding the sector's competitiveness.
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Toktoshov, Gulzhigit Y., Anastasiya N. Yurgenson, and Denis A. Migov. "COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS OF OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS OF UTILITYCOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS." T-Comm 14, no. 9 (2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2020-14-9-17-23.
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The problems of optimizing engineering communications networks according to various criteria, such as, minimum total construction costs, reliability, and compatibility are considered. A new technique for modeling utility networks based on the hypernet model, which allows one to take into account the nesting of one structure in another and the interdependence of indicators of the elements of these structures, is proposed. This approach makes the considered in these paper optimizations problems universal, and allows to take into account the interaction of the designed types of networks with each other. In addition, by combining the problems presented in this paper, various variations of optimization problems can be obtained. In this case, multicriterial tasks are stated, such as design networks of minimum cost, taking into account their reliability; design networks of minimum cost, taking into account their compatibility and reliability, and others. Note that all these problems are NP-hard, for the solution of which do not exist polynomial exacts algorithms. In particular, it was shown that the optimization problem in the simplest hypernet formulation is NP-hard. The possibility of applying accurate and approximate methods for solving them, and assessing the accuracy of these methods, were examined.
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Blagojevic, Veljko. "Strategic culture and national security." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 170 (2019): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1970163b.
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The conceptualization of strategic culture, as a relatively new field of study, is a challenge for contemporary scientific thought. The complexity of strategic culture factors and their complex interdependence make the process of its understanding and definition extremely hard and almost elusive. However, the fact that the concept of strategic culture is accepted and used in practice indicates the necessity of its study, regardless of methodological problems and shortcomings connected with the accessibility to relevant data related to the national security issues. This is precisely the aim of this paper ? to analyze the main aspects of strategic culture which affect the national security system. On the one hand, strategic culture has a long-term impact on the organization and functioning of the national security system. On the other, it is also an analytical instrument that anticipates the behavior of international policy actors. It is certain that state-level decision makers, top management of the security system, intelligence and security intelligence analysts, and senior military leaders deal with the strategic culture, consciously or not. These are more than enough arguments to draw attention of the scientific and professional audience to strategic culture studies.
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Biniok, Peter, and Iris Menke. "Societal Participation of the Elderly: Information and Communication Technologies as a “Social Junction”." Anthropology & Aging 36, no. 2 (November 19, 2015): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2015.102.
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The technoscape is described as the global configuration of technology as well as its intermingling and intertwining with other spheres of society. In fact, society and technology are hard to separate. Technology and the overall technoscape influence lifestyles and living conditions; conversely, developing, implementing and utilizing technologies all shape the technoscape. Starting from this interdependence, we examine how sociotechnical configurations determine social participation among the elderly in rural regions. To investigate the extent to which social participation of the elderly may be enhanced, a tablet PC with a self-developed communication platform was submitted to a field test. The results of our qualitative analysis show three ideal-type developments: the emergence of a new participation space, the extension of established participation space and engagement in the existing participation space. Technology as a “social junction” can thus have positive impacts on the social participation of the elderly.
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Deng, Yong. "The Chinese Conception of National Interests in International Relations." China Quarterly 154 (June 1998): 308–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000002058.
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The pursuit of national interests is the legitimate goal of a state's foreign policy. Yet in the 1990s, politicians in the West and the U.S. have criticized the Chinese government for its allegedly narrow-minded, backward view, especially on issues concerning human rights and irredentist claims. Many scholarly analyses in North America also point to a “hard-core,” well-entrenched Chinese realpolitik “worldview” with little ingrained liberal thinking. The conclusion seems to be that, in the Chinese worldview, the international system consists essentially of atomistic nation-states locked in a perpetual struggle for power. China's foreign policy is based on an outmoded Westphalian notion of sovereignty in a world where state sovereignty is being eroded and the traditional notion of national interests is under increasing challenge, thanks to unprecedentedly “dense interdependence.” The blunt policy criticisms and subtle scholarly analyses point to a problematic Chinese definition of national interests.
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Stanisavljević, Rade, Dobrivoj Poštić, Ratibor Štrbanović, Violeta Oro, Marijenka Tabaković, Snežana Jovanović, and Jasmina Milenković. "Variability and correlative interdependence of red clover and Italian ryegrass seed quality depending on varieties during the multi-year storage period." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-30969.
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Seed quality is crucial for achieving the desired number of plants in the mixture, as well as the ratio of grass-legume components. Seeds of red clover and Italian ryegrass can be placed on the market with germination of 70 % and more. In this experiment, the seeds of six varieties of red clover and four varieties of Italian lily were examined. Seeds up to four years of age were tested. Seed quality was examined by monitoring the following parameters: germination energy, amount of hard-dormant seed, total germination and amount of abnormal seedlings. The tested varieties of red clover and Italian ryegrass seeds showed the best quality after one and two years of storage. After four years of storing seeds, out of six tested varieties of red clover, two did not meet the criteria for marketing in Serbia, according to the current rulebook on seed quality. In the case of Italian ryegrass, out of four tested varieties, two did not meet the criteria for placing seeds on the market.
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Dunkerley, David, and Claire Wallace. "Young People and Employment in the South West." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 4, no. 3 (April 1992): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9200400303.
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From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.
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Bari, Samreen, and Nabeel A Zubairi. "STRUCTURAL CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION: A THREAT TO POSITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PEACE." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 57, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v57i1.99.
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Globalization refers to more and more interdependence and Integration of relations among people, trade, capital flows, and migration, ideas and culture, religion and customs. Scholars and experts have been disagreeing about the denotation and effect of globalization. For some it is the salvation of humanity, the only way to promote universal prosperity and peace. But some Scholars also realize the fact that as a result of globalization states and its citizens faces the problems of social fragmentation: creating critical vulnerabilities violence and conflicts. The impact of globalization cannot be restricted only to economic process but the sphere of globalization is very wide it has influenced almost every aspect of human life. On the contrary the world is witnessing the scenario where few booming dominions or few influential countries because of the blessings of modernization trying to supersede the rest of the world or the weaker nations in every aspect: economically, socially, politically, through hard power and through cultural imperialism. This situation is a threat to positive and sustainable peace.
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Qian, Ya, Wolfgang Härdle, and Cathy Yi-Hsuan Chen. "Modelling industry interdependency dynamics in a network context." Studies in Economics and Finance 37, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2019-0272.
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Purpose Interdependency among industries is vital for understanding economic structures and managing industrial portfolios. However, it is hard to precisely model the interconnecting structure among industries. One of the reasons is that the interdependencies show a different pattern in tail events. This paper aims to investigate industry interdependency with the tail events. Design/methodology/approach General predictive model of Rapach et al. (2016) is extended to an interdependency model via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator quantile regression and network analysis. A dynamic network approach was applied on the Fama–French industry portfolios to study the time-varying interdependencies. Findings A denser network with heterogeneous central industries is found in tail cases. Significant interdependency varieties across time are shown under dynamic network analysis. Market volatility is identified as an influential factor of industry connectedness as well as clustering tendency under both normal and tail cases. Moreover, combining dynamic network with prediction direction information into out-of-sample industry return forecasting, a lower tail case is obtained, which gives the most accurate prediction of one-month forward returns. Finally, the Sharpe ratio criterion prefers high-centrality portfolios when tail risks are considered. Originality/value This study examines the industry portfolio interactions under the framework of network analysis and also takes into consideration tail risks. The combination of economic interpretation and statistical methodology helps in having a clear investigation of industry interdependency. Moreover, a new trading strategy based on network centrality seems profitable in our data sample.
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Rawlings, Stephanie A. "Western Trade Pressure on the Soviet Union: An Interdependence Perspective on Sanctions. By David W. Hunter. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991. 163 pp. Figures. Index. Tables. Hard bound." Slavic Review 51, no. 2 (1992): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499541.
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Ljungkvist, Torbjörn, and Börje Boers. "Structural crisis?" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-05-2015-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the interdependence between regional culture and resilience in family business-dominated regions. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a literature review and helps to fill the knowledge gap regarding regional culture and resilience in family business-dominated contexts. Findings The authors highlight similarities and differences between two regions of Sweden with distinct regional cultures that support resilience. A number of norms that are significant in generating resilient regions are identified. One key finding is that the regional culture developed during the proto-industrial era, in connection with home production, still affects and contributes to resilience in these family business-dominated regions. Research limitations/implications The study is based on two case studies, so no generalizable conclusions can be drawn. Practical implications For policy makers, this study shows that structural crises can be overcome with a strong regional culture, as it can foster resilience. However, regional culture is hard to implement by political decisions. For owners and managers of organizations, this study suggests that it is essential to consider regional culture as an important factor for the organization. Originality/value This study draws on a comparison of two regions in Sweden with explicit regional cultures.
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Karremans, Johannes, and Zoe Lefkofridi. "Responsive versus responsible? Party democracy in times of crisis." Party Politics 26, no. 3 (May 2020): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818761199.
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This essay introduces a collection of papers dealing with the responsive–responsible dilemma of party government. The political developments surrounding the Eurozone crisis attest that the duties of government and the demands of political representation may at times be in sharp contrast with one another. In such contexts, it becomes hard for parties in government to combine responsiveness with responsible policy-making. Late Peter Mair theorized this phenomenon as the increasing bifurcation between the growing complexity of governing in a world of interdependence and the need to respond to often polarizing electoral demands. The key question is whether and how in such contexts parties find the balance between their representative and governing duties. The papers included in this special issue deal with this question in the context of the Eurozone crisis and present evidence about parties’ behavior, rhetoric, and policy outputs. In introducing the contributions here, we illustrate how this collective endeavor helps advance the debate on the major challenges to contemporary representative democracy. More specifically, we first discuss how the framework of the responsive–responsible dilemma helps understanding contemporary political developments. We then critically reflect on the distinction between responsiveness and responsibility. Finally, we present how each individual contribution approaches the question of how parties manage the tension between electoral incentives and governmental duties.
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Watson, Clare, Lizette Nolte, and Rachel Brown. "Building connection against the odds: project workers relationships with people experiencing homelessness." Housing, Care and Support 22, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-10-2018-0030.
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Purpose Trusting and empathic relationships between project workers and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) form the cornerstone for their needs to be met. However, under the UK austerity agenda project workers practice in a context of increasing pressure and limited resources; with relationships often characterised by conditionality and disconnection. The purpose of this paper is to report on a study investigating project workers’ experiences of building relationships with PEH living in supported housing projects. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative design was employed in which focus groups were carried out in six projects, using an opportunity sample of 22 project workers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, within a social constructionist epistemology. Findings Three main themes were identified: “Working hard to build connection”, “Supporting each other within an unsupportive context” and “Draining but sustaining”. Project workers acted out of strong value systems in building relationships with residents against a backdrop of systemic disconnection. Originality/value Clear clinical implications are put forward with in a Psychologically Informed Environment framework. Services supporting PEH need to be psychologically informed and organisations need to embed reflection within their policies and every day practice. In developing services for PEH interdependence not in/dependence needs to be the aim. Finally, the responsibility for improving the lives of PEH should be placed back on society to provide a context in which PEH can thrive.
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Zhang, Rui, Chen Meng, Cheng Wang, and Qiang Wang. "A Novel Optimization Method for Bipolar Chaotic Toeplitz Measurement Matrix in Compressed Sensing." Journal of Sensors 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4024737.
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In this paper, a bipolar chaotic Toeplitz measurement matrix optimization algorithm for alternating optimization is presented. The construction of measurement matrices is one of the key techniques for compressive sensing from theory to engineering applications. Recent studies have shown that bipolar chaotic Toeplitz matrices, constructed by combining the intrinsic determinism of bipolar chaotic sequences with the advantages of Toeplitz matrices, have significant advantages over other measurement matrices in terms of memory overhead, computational complexity, and hard implementation. However, problems such as strong correlation and large interdependence coefficients between measurement matrices and sparse dictionaries may still exist in practical applications. To address this problem, we propose a new bipolar chaotic Toeplitz measurement matrix alternating optimization algorithm. Firstly, by introducing the structure matrix, the optimization problem of the measurement matrix is transformed into the optimization problem of the generating sequence, thus ensuring that the optimization process does not destroy the structural properties of the matrix; then, constraints are added to the values of the generating sequence during the optimization process, so that the optimized measurement matrix still maintains the bipolar properties. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm in this paper is verified by simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the optimized bipolar chaotic Toeplitz measurement matrix can effectively reduce the reconstruction error and improve the reconstruction probability.
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Mirrokni, Vahab, Renato Paes Leme, Pingzhong Tang, and Song Zuo. "Optimal Dynamic Auctions Are Virtual Welfare Maximizers." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012125.
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We are interested in the setting where a seller sells sequentially arriving items, one per period, via a dynamic auction. At the beginning of each period, each buyer draws a private valuation for the item to be sold in that period and this valuation is independent across buyers and periods. The auction can be dynamic in the sense that the auction at period t can be conditional on the bids in that period and all previous periods, subject to certain appropriately defined incentive compatible and individually rational conditions. Perhaps not surprisingly, the revenue optimal dynamic auctions are computationally hard to find and existing literatures that aim to approximate the optimal auctions are all based on solving complex dynamic programs. It remains largely open on the structural interpretability of the optimal dynamic auctions.
In this paper, we show that any optimal dynamic auction is a virtual welfare maximizer subject to some monotone allocation constraints. In particular, the explicit definition of the virtual value function above arises naturally from the primal-dual analysis by relaxing the monotone constraints. We further develop an ironing technique that gets rid of the monotone allocation constraints. Quite different from Myerson’s ironing approach, our technique is more technically involved due to the interdependence of the virtual value functions across buyers. We nevertheless show that ironing can be done approximately and efficiently, which in turn leads to a Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme of the optimal dynamic auction.
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Jääskeläinen, Jaakko, Sakari Höysniemi, Sanna Syri, and Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen. "Finland’s Dependence on Russian Energy—Mutually Beneficial Trade Relations or an Energy Security Threat?" Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103445.
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Studies on energy security in the context of relations between European Union (EU) and Russia tend to focus on cases, with an open conflict related to supply, such as “hard” energy weapons, or on only one fuel, often natural gas. However, there is a need to understand the long-term impacts that energy relations have politically, economically and physically, and their linkages between resilience, sustainability and security. We analyse the Finnish-Russian energy relations as a case study, as they are characterised by a non-conflictual relationship. To assess this complex relationship, we apply the interdependence framework to analyse both the energy systems and energy strategies of Finland and Russia, and the energy security issues related to the notable import dependence on one supplier. Moreover, we analyse the plausible development of the energy trade between the countries in three different energy policy scenarios until 2040. The findings of the article shed light on how the trends in energy markets, climate change mitigation and broader societal and political trends could influence Russia’s energy trade relations with countries, such as Finland. Our analysis shows that Finland’s dependence on primary energy imports does not pose an acute energy security threat in terms of sheer supply, and the dependence is unlikely to worsen in the future. However, due to the difficulty in anticipating societal, political, and economic trends, there are possible developments that could affect Finland.
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YANG, CHUNXIA, YING SHEN, and BINGYING XIA. "EVOLUTION OF SHANGHAI STOCK MARKET BASED ON MAXIMAL SPANNING TREES." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 03 (December 13, 2012): 1350022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491350022x.
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In this paper, using a moving window to scan through every stock price time series over a period from 2 January 2001 to 11 March 2011 and mutual information to measure the statistical interdependence between stock prices, we construct a corresponding weighted network for 501 Shanghai stocks in every given window. Next, we extract its maximal spanning tree and understand the structure variation of Shanghai stock market by analyzing the average path length, the influence of the center node and the p-value for every maximal spanning tree. A further analysis of the structure properties of maximal spanning trees over different periods of Shanghai stock market is carried out. All the obtained results indicate that the periods around 8 August 2005, 17 October 2007 and 25 December 2008 are turning points of Shanghai stock market, at turning points, the topology structure of the maximal spanning tree changes obviously: the degree of separation between nodes increases; the structure becomes looser; the influence of the center node gets smaller, and the degree distribution of the maximal spanning tree is no longer a power-law distribution. Lastly, we give an analysis of the variations of the single-step and multi-step survival ratios for all maximal spanning trees and find that two stocks are closely bonded and hard to be broken in a short term, on the contrary, no pair of stocks remains closely bonded for a long time.
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Veszelyné Kotán, Edit, Tímea Bartha-Lieb, Zsolt Parisek, Attiláné Meskó, Mihály Vaszilkó, and Balázs Hankó. "Database analysis of the risk factors of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in Hungarian patients." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e025600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025600.
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ObjectiveBisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a rare but serious side effect of bisphosphonates (BPs). Since this disease has no independent code in either of the diseases’ or in the medical procedures’ classifications, it is hard to estimate how many BP patients are affected.DesignA retrospective observational epidemiological registry-based study was carried out, using the data of the national service of Hungary on the incidence of BRONJ and related factors.SettingA data analysis was performed, which is relevant for the whole Hungarian population from 2010 to 2014. The socioeconomic and medication data of 236 207 BP patients were analysed, and a method was worked out to define BRONJ patients from the Hungarian BP population.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe incidences of BRONJ were analysed according to genders and the types of the BP drugs administered. The marginal interdependence between the types of BP drugs, modes of administration and main indication was calculated.Results340 BP patients (0.1%) developed BRONJ. The incidence of BRONJ in Hungary in the malignant indication of BPs is 0.9%, and 0.1% in the non-malignant indication, and the OR to develop BRONJ was OR=9.7 (95% CI 7.8 to 12.1) between them. Although more women developed BRONJ, the proportion of men was significantly higher than that of women. Steroids increase the risk of jaw osteonecrosis, and differences were also found between the BP drugs.ConclusionsOncology indicated, intravenously administered and steroid comedicated BP therapies pose a high risk of developing BRONJ in the Hungarian population.
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Prizel, Ilya. "Economic Interdependence in Ukrainian-Russian Relations. By Paul J. D'Anieri. SUNY Series in Global Politics. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. viii, 271 pp. Notes. Index. $65.00, hard bound. $21.95, paper." Slavic Review 59, no. 3 (2000): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2697364.
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PENG, YUN, and MIAO JIN. "A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO APPROXIMATING MAP IN BELIEF NETWORKS." International Journal of Neural Systems 12, no. 03n04 (June 2002): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001175.
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Bayesian belief networks (BBN) are a widely studied graphical model for representing uncertainty and probabilistic interdependence among variables. One of the factors that restricts the model's wide acceptance in practical applications is that the general inference with BBN is NP-hard. This is also true for the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) problem, which is to find the most probable joint value assignment to all uninstantiated variables, given instantiation of some variables in a BBN . To circumvent the difficulty caused by MAP's computational complexity, we suggest in this paper a neural network approximation approach. With this approach, a BBN is treated as a neural network without any change or transformation of the network structure, and the node activation functions are derived based on an energy function defined over a given BBN. Three methods are developed. They are the hill-climbing style discrete method, the simulated annealing method, and the continuous method based on the mean field theory. All three methods are for BBN of general structures, with the restriction that nodes of BBN are binary variables. In addition, rules for applying these methods to noisy-or networks are also developed, which may lead to more efficient computation in some cases. These methods' convergence is analyzed, and their validity tested through a series of computer experiments with two BBN of moderate size and complexity. Although additional theoretical and empirical work is needed, the analysis and experiments suggest that this approach may lead to effective and accurate approximation for MAP problems.
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Živkov, Dejan, Jovan Njegić, and Marko Pećanac. "Multiscale interdependence between the major agricultural commodities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 2 (February 27, 2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/147/2018-agricecon.
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This paper investigates multiscale dynamic interconnection between the five agricultural commodities – corn, wheat, soybean, rice and oats, covering more than 18 years period. For research purposes, two complementary methodologies were used – wavelet coherence and phase difference. Low coherence is present at shorter time-horizons, while at longer time-horizons high coherence areas are found, but they are not widespread in all wavelet coherence plots. These results speak in favour of diversification opportunities. Strong coherence in longer time-horizons indicates that common factors are likely to be the main determinants of the agricultural prices in the long-run. On the other hand, rare high coherence areas at lower scales suggest that monetary and financial activities are most likely the causes that have affected the comovements of the grain prices in the short-term horizons. Phase difference discloses a relatively stable pattern between corn-soybean, corn-wheat, rice-oats and oats-soybean in the longer time-horizons. Taking into account investors’ diversification benefits and the leading (lagging) connections in long-run, corn and oats are the most appropriate cereals to be combined in an n-asset portfolio, since these two cereals constantly and very steadily lag soybean, whereas strong coherence between corn and oats does not frequently occur in all wavelet scales.
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Holzhauser, Nicole, and Frank Eggert. "The role of measurement in theorising about the world." Social Science Information 58, no. 2 (June 2019): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018419860082.
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The procedure of establishing a measure of an attribute consists of the assignment of numbers to objects whose attributes show some variability according to rules. These rules are chosen so that the assigned numbers contain some ‘information’ about the differing variants of the attribute. In the article, we discuss a heuristic, a scaling, and a representational approach. Within the heuristic approach, rules can be based on a verbal argument heuristically linking the variability in the attribute to differences in the measurements. In this case, the specific information that is represented by the measurements is very hard to determine due to the lack of a formal model. Within the scaling approach, a formal model is used to derive rules for the assignment of numbers to the variants of the attribute. From a scaling model, conclusions about the specific information assumed to be represented in the measurements can be derived. Both approaches depend on the assumption that there is something to measure, namely that the attribute that is going to be measured exists in a realm different from the numerical one. Within the representational approach, one tries to clarify what conditions must be met by an attribute to be considered measurable so that relations between the measurements can be interpreted as reflecting relations between the variants of the attribute. By specifying the conditions an attribute must meet to be measurable at all, measurement theory opens an alternative way to rules and thus to measurements. Following this approach, it is no longer necessary only to assume that there is some measurable attribute, but one can find out whether this indeed is the case. Moreover, the interdependence of the definition of an attribute and its measurability, as well as the role theory plays in defining certain attributes, can be clarified.
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Whiting, Allen S. "China Rising: Nationalism and Interdependence. Edited by David S. G. Goodman and Gerald Segal. [London and New York: Routledge, 1997. 196 pp. Hard cover £45.00, ISBN 0–415–16027–8; paperback £14.99, ISBN 0–415–16028–6.]." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005889.
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Peimann, C. J. "Modeling Hospital Information Systems with Petri Nets." Methods of Information in Medicine 27, no. 01 (January 1988): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635515.
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SummaryIn the development of hospital information systems it is difficult to describe data and activities simultaneously and equivalently. Most of the methods used so far are only suitable for either data structures or functional modeling. In particular, it is not possible to comprehend the functional interdependence of hospital procedures.In this paper it is shown that Petri Nets are well suited for the development of complex software systems. Their exceptional properties are, on the one hand, the simulative capacities which allow to visualize interlinked and interdependent procedures of the real world. On the other hand, it is pointed out that Petri Nets comply with the demands of software engineering. In order to make these characteristics clear, two models from real developments are used: Firstly the organizational model of a small hospital and secondly the model of the data entry in the follow-up of tumor patients.
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Achilleos, Antonis. "Modal logics with hard diamond-free fragments." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa001.
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Abstract We investigate the complexity of modal satisfiability for a family of multi-modal logics with interdependencies among the modalities. In particular, we examine four characteristic multi-modal logics with dependencies and demonstrate that, even if we restrict the formulae to be diamond-free and to have only one propositional variable, these logics still have a high complexity. This result identifies and isolates two sources of complexity: the presence of axiom $D$ for some of the modalities and certain modal interdependencies. We then further investigate and characterize the complexity of the diamond-free, 1-variable fragments of multi-modal logics in a general setting.
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Kim, Min-Sun, Katsuya Tasaki, In-Duk Kim, and Hye-ryeon Lee. "The Influence of Social Status on Communication Predispositions." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 17, no. 2 (August 10, 2007): 303–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.17.2.09kim.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social status of the communicator on communication predispositions of people with different cultural orientations. Based upon independent and interdependent self-construals as individual-level cultural dimensions, people’s degrees of two distinct communication orientations (communication apprehension as an avoidance orientation and argumentativeness as an approach orientation) were assessed in a dyad with different status of communicators (professor as high status and classmate as low status). Participants were a total of 702 undergraduates studying in Japan, Hawaii, and the mainland U.S. After reading two hypothetical conversational situations with different status communicators (professor and classmate), participants were asked to rate items measuring two communication constructs (communication apprehension and argumentativeness). The data indicated that individuals showed greater level of argumentativeness in the conversation with a low status communicator (classmate or roommate) than in the conversation with a high status communicator (professor). On the other hand, individuals showed greater level of communication apprehension in the conversation with high status communicator (professor) than in the conversation with low status communicator (classmate or roommate). We also found that, among people of high interdependence, the level of CA was greater in the conversation with the high status communicator than in the conversation with the low status communicator. On the other hand, among people of high interdependence, the level of argumentativeness did not differ in the conversation with the high status communicator as compared with the conversation with the low status communicator.
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Hoti, Mahir, and Majlinda Ziu. "The Necessity / Need of Strengthening the Applicative Character in the Scientific Research in Geography." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i1.p123-128.
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The revolution of research, precisely, the revolution of knowledge has been transforming the role of modern universities in Europe and farther. Nowadays, it is emphasized the need to revise the whole process of research – technology – production. The enhancement of human knowledge is a consequence of the changes and transformations being done in all aspects of the practical life of the society. A quick development has accompanied the direct or indirect geographical group sciences. Among the widespread fields of study introduced nowadays, it is hard to find another field of study, which is more interdisciplinary than the one being discussed. Albania is trespassing another stage of social and economical transformations, and this is due to political changes undergone in the years 1990-1991. This stage is followed by other new changes which require further scientific studies based on specific topics. An important step has been done in the regional tackling of problems, where it was estimated the interdependence between the geographic environment and the demographic and economic development of specific regions. Such studies have been done in the field of tourism, a field much explored in the aspects of natural and cultural inheritance. The scientific research in Geography needs to be developed through detailed analysis, which is based on primary and secondary data. These data should be well interpreted from a contemporary point of view, characterized also from physical and geographical transformations, as well as social and economical ones. Although the curricula of Geography in Albanian universities has undergone several changes, (a lot of subjects have been added to the curricula), their effect on the scientific research has not been so much reflected. The field of the applicative scientific research in Geography is broad, because the object of Geography is broad. The applicative scientific research of Geography in Albania will give importance to the role of the geographer, especially in different levels of decisions. The paper will show concrete arguments for the necessity of strengthening the applicative character in the scientific research of Geography in our country.
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Witztum, A. "Interdependence, the Invisible Hand, and Equilibrium in Adam Smith." History of Political Economy 42, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 155–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2009-065.
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Denkena, Berend, and Helge Henning. "Multicriteria dimensioning of hard-finishing operations regarding cross-process interdependencies." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 23, no. 6 (November 26, 2010): 2333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-010-0484-2.
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Szyszko, Magdalena. "Inflation Forecasts Versus Shaping Inflation Expectations. Comparative Analysis." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0033.
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This article jointly analyzes inflation expectations of consumers and inflation forecasts. Its starting point is the predominant role of expectations in monetary policy. This is crucial market information in the decision-making process of the central bankers as it may show the actual future inflation. On the other hand, the central bank wants to influence expectations in order to facilitate achieving the main goals of monetary policy. Inflation forecasting is a tool for shaping public expectations. In the research, covering four central banks (the National Bank of Hungary, National Bank of Poland, the Czech National Bank, Sveriges Riksbank), the author analyzes the interdependencies of inflation forecasts and inflation expectations of consumers. Data on expectations are derived from the surveys and quantified. Then non-parametric measures of association are calculated. The results confirm the hypothesis on the existence of such relationships. The strength of this interdependence varies among countries, from weak to strong. The study opens the field for further discussions on strengthening this relationship.
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Agharebparast, Mohammadreza, and Ahmad Zeinali. "The Role of Foreign Policy and International Relations in Economic Development Based on the Philosophy of Liberalism." Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v4i1.9706.
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The national economic growth is one of the most important development indicators that are affected by a variety of factors including the international relations. International relations consist of a series of actions and interactions of the government and non-government an institutions and political processes of the nations. However, international politics refers to the governmental behaviors or their reactions. On the other hand, and foreign policy includes a set of governmental decisions concerning the foreign relations. Liberalism is a comprehensive view that covers the domestic and foreign policies and is the theoretical framework of this study to discuss the economic development. This library study aimed to investigate the role of the international relations in economic development and analyzed a wide range of the theories or discussions. Review of literature showed the role of the international relations in the economic development of the societies. Furthermore, according to the theory of liberalism, all the countries in the world are interdependent and if this kind of interdependence is efficiently managed using a comprehensive framework it may lead to the economic development.
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Левкин, Ю., and Yu Levkin. "Five-Dimensional Two-Oktantal Epure Nomogram." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 4 (December 13, 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a17fecf2feac9.18123975.
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Multidimensional experimental tasks with interdependent physical quantities can't be characterized by use of flat two-dimensional plots. Nomograms of new type solve such tasks. In this paper have been presented the nomograms with systematized both axes and planes. At construction of such models it is required a clear separation of all parametrial variable on arguing and functional ones. Nearby axes of interdependent parameters should lie alongside. Each axonometric cell should have a resultant indicator in the form of full size’s geometrical image. For the optimum choice of graphic execution on tabular data with four or five parameters, in the present paper is offered a method of its realization by means of two-oktantal nomogram. Justifications for this method have been presented in the paper. The method itself is based on descriptive geometry’s opportunities expansion at the solution of technical tasks by means of multidimensional geometry. The main lever for the task implementation is, certainly, communication lines. Formerly known from descriptive geometry such concepts as plane of reference, horizontally projecting surface, on the one hand, and pointed measurement of all experimental parameters on the other hand, provides to the nomogram possibility of its understanding for genesis in physical processes. Based on similarity of adjacent oktantal cells having the general axis are plotting two oktantal axonometric nomograms, creating interdependence between parameters by means of communication lines. This method opens a possibility for understanding of physical processes transformation. In this paper have been presented two graphic models of two oktantal nomograms competing for the right to be used by force of theirs optimal advantages. Absolute values of parameters are the real ones, taken from papers in "News of Higher Educational Institutions. North Caucasus Region" journal. Technical Sciences. No. 3, pp. 77–83, and No. 2, pp. 112–119. 2016.
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Krstić, Miloš, José António Filipe, and José Chavaglia. "Higher Education as a Determinant of the Competitiveness and Sustainable Development of an Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 6607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166607.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the interdependence between higher education on the one hand and the competitiveness of the economy and sustainable development on the other hand. To examine the mentioned interdependence, we used a sample that includes EU member states and candidate countries. The paper applies correlation and regression analysis of comparative data sections. The research findings indicate a strong correlation between higher education on the one hand and the competitiveness of the economy and sustainable development on the other. The results obtained by research can serve as a “global benchmark” of future public policy in the field of higher education.
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Jahn, Egbert. "Imemo, Russia and the Interdependent World: Hope between Rocks and Hard Places?" New Perspectives 23, no. 1 (March 2015): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x1502300110.
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Rubesa, Rajko, Tin Matulja, Marko Hadjina, and Niksa Fafandjel. "New Approach for Ship Drawing Planning Based on Their Reliability." Journal of Ship Production and Design 36, no. 04 (November 13, 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.11180042.
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Integration of ship design and ship production is necessary for an efficient shipbuilding process, although it requires very complex documentation planning in particular regarding its level of information and the completion scheduling. Optimally organized documentation planning could largely influence the shipbuilding total cost and lead time. Drawings finished with higher level of unreliability are shortening design phase but could result with major repair and rework activities that could increase production time and cost. On the other hand, insisting on fully completed drawings will increase design-stage time and will minimize repair and rework activities, but not necessarily the shipbuilding cost and lead time. This study researches drawing designing sequence and its unreliability due to designing with unknown, incomplete, or unreliable information. Therefore, analysis of documentation planning is performed based on their interdependence, production requirements, production technology level, and labor costs. Finally, a new approach for ship's drawings planning based on the drawing's reliability is proposed with support of developed computer application. Such approach calculates unreliability of interdependent drawings and proposes optimal documentation package regarding its level of information and lunching sequence toward production process.
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Walczak, Anna. "Interdependence between the family and professional work." Studia z Teorii Wychowania X, no. 3 (28) (November 30, 2019): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6781.
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Family and work are institutions of obvious importance from the point of view of an individual and society. These institutions are connected by a network of complex interactions. On the one hand, work, the conditions in which it is performed, income derived from it, can affect the functioning of the family and the way in which it is perceived. On the other hand, the degree of involvement of individuals in the professional sphere, expectations and aspirations connected with it may be a derivative of the family situation. The article presents a comparative analysis of family and work as values based on data from the European Value Survey. This international survey, conducted since 1990 in Poland on the basis of a representative, random sample, allows searching for determinants of the attitude to family, marriage and work. It allows also to conduct a longitudinal analysis. The family is invariably the dominant value and work is the second in the hierarchy, although its meaning begins to decline. Material culture and consumerism are reflected more and more clearly in the choices made by respondents. The work ceases to be an autotelic value. Parents with three or more children assign more importance to the sphere of their professional work, although at the same time this group is the least active professionally. Gender does not differentiate the approach to "work-life-balance", although women more often emphasize the importance of egalitarian sharing of household duties.
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Abbade, Eduardo Botti. "Market and Learning Orientations: Interdependence, Complementarity." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 138–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v12i2.1876.
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This study investigates the relationship between the dimensions of Market Orientation (MO), Learning Orientation (LO) and Organizational Performance (OP) of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the region of Santa Maria / RS. It was conducted a survey with the voluntary participation of 83 micro, small and medium businesses of Santa Maria and its region adopting structured data collection instrument with MARKOR scale and learning orientation scale. It was developed a structural model of reference that was also estimated by PLS (Partial Least Squares) and the adoption of bootstrapping technique. The results suggest that there is a high interdependence between the dimensions of the three dimensions of MO. Thus, evidences suggest that there is a strong interdependence between the three dimensions of LO. However, the relationship between the dimensions of LO and MO are less significant. Also, results suggest the absence of significant relationship between responsiveness and OP. On the other hand, the dissemination of intelligence impacts positively and significantly on the OP.
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Kapitonenko, Mykola. "Dilemmas of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy in 2018." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-33.
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The year of 2018 has not become a unique one for Ukraine’s foreign policy. As in earlier years, the issue of resolving the conflict in Donbas and preventing a war with Russia has remained its most imminent challenge. Given the decrease in domestic resources, the problem of weakening political institutions of the state and the decline of its positive image on the international scene because of pervasive corruption, lack of reforms, and democracy deficit, together with the bulk of negative tendencies in the relations with the key partners – the EU and Russia – have become the greatest challenge. All of these factors further limit the leeway in supporting Ukraine in withstanding the Russian aggression and generally weaken its position in the regional international system. Such developments are taking place under deteriorating geostrategic prospects for Ukraine, resulting from the intensification of Russian pressure in the course of the ongoing hybrid war and hostilities in Donbas. The issues brought about, in the first place, by the Russian military aggression, occupation of Donbas, and annexation of Crimea have predetermined the sluggishness, reactivity, and contradictory character of Ukraine’s foreign policy. Due to the alarming settings Ukraine has faced, it is often referred to as a ‘troublesome country’ or a ‘weak state’, which is a disturbing message. After the frustrating failure of all the hopes about the Budapest Memorandum, a search for allies represented by the US and NATO became an urgent task of Ukrainian diplomacy, accompanied by the need for effective diplomatic means of ‘appeasing’ Russia. These are the major areas, on which Ukraine has focused its diplomatic efforts in 2018. The Russian issue will for many years remain the most complicated, cumbersome, and critical for Ukrainian foreign policy. Mistakes in its regard will come at the highest price, while simple solutions will be the least effective. The correlation of powers, the style, and priorities of Russia’s foreign policy, asymmetric interdependence, and intricate history turn Ukrainian-Russian relations into a knot of contradictions, which is hard to unravel even in regular circumstances. Today, as Crimea is occupied and part of the territory of eastern Ukraine is taken hostage, it will be even more difficult to build relations with Russia. Keywords: NATO, Russian-Ukrainian war, Helsinki summit, European Union, American-Russian summit, PACE.
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Rosario, Laratta. "Hand in Hand or Under the Thumb? A New Perspective on Social Welfare in Japan." Social Policy and Society 8, no. 3 (July 2009): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746409004862.
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The nature of the relationship between state and nonprofit organisations in Japan is usually described in one of two ways. It is either disparaged as an example of co-optation and state domination, with nonprofit organisations always having been the subservient partner, or lauded as the apotheosis of co-operation and interdependence. By focusing on the historical background of the welfare system in Japan, and particularly on the legal framework in which the nonprofit sector has developed, this paper attempts to explain how each has influenced the other and highlights key factors which may have been underestimated or misinterpreted in the past.