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Journal articles on the topic 'Hardening-Softening'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chen, Junchi, Weihua Wang, and Longfeng Chen. "A Strain Hardening and Softening Constitutive Model for Hard Brittle Rocks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052764.

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To study the strain hardening and softening mechanism for hard brittle rocks, a strain hardening and softening constitutive model for hard brittle rocks is developed. First, the normalised hardening and softening factors are defined, which characterise the yield state of rock at the stages of pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening, respectively. Then, a unified strength parameter evolution model is established that can describe the nonlinear characteristics of cohesion and the internal friction angle under different confining pressures. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, a strain hardeni

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2

Needleman, A., S. B. Hutchens, N. Mohan, and J. R. Greer. "Deformation of plastically compressible hardening-softening-hardening solids." Acta Mechanica Sinica 28, no. 4 (2012): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-012-0117-4.

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3

Du, Changbo, and Fu Yi. "Analysis of the Elastic-Plastic Theoretical Model of the Pull-Out Interface between Geosynthetics and Tailings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5680521.

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Aiming at the strain-hardening and strain-softening phenomena between geosynthetics and tailings during pull-out tests, bilinear and trilinear shear stress-displacement softening models were proposed. The pull-out process of the hardening reinforcement was divided into the elastic stage, elastic-hardening transition stage, and pure hardening stage. The pull-out process of the softened reinforcement was divided into the elastic stage, elastic-softening transition stage, pure softening stage, softening-residual transition stage, and pure residual stage. The expressions of the interface tension,

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4

Xu, Zi-Han, Lin Zhan, Si-Yu Wang, Hui-Feng Xi, and Heng Xiao. "Realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects of metals over the finite strain range up to failure." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 17, no. 3 (2020): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-05-2020-0099.

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PurposeA new approach is proposed toward accurately matching any given realistic hardening and softening data from uniaxial tensile test up to failure and moreover, toward bypassing usual tedious implicit trial-and-error iterative procedures in identifying numerous unknown parameters.Design/methodology/approachFinite strain response features of metals with realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects up to eventual failure are studied for the first time based on the self-consistent elastoplastic J2-flow model with the logarithmic stress rate. As contrasted with usual approximate and inc

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5

Huang, Kang, Wenbo Zhu, Xin Liu, et al. "Study on Cyclic Bearing Capacity of Suction Pile Based on Equivalent Cyclic Creep Model." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215152.

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In the process of cyclic loading, strain development not only presents the strain softening phenomenon, but also a strain hardening phenomenon, depending on the different values of static deflection stress. The strain hardening and strain softening characteristics of soft clay are studied by cyclic triaxial tests. The test results show that when the static deflection stress is zero, the value of cyclic cumulative strain is small, and the strain development presents the softening phenomenon. When the static deflection stress is greater than zero, the accumulation strain increases with increasin

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6

Qin, Ji Sheng, Bjørn Holmedal, and Oddsture Hopperstad. "Modelling of Strain-Path Transients in Commercially Pure Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.662.

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In the current work, the recently proposed homogeneous anisotropic hardening (HAH) model, featuring a distorted yield surface, is applied to commercially pure aluminium. A dislocation-based hardening rule is incorporated into the HAH model to describe the transient stagnation of the hardening rate during strain reversal. A cast and homogenized material with random texture previously investigated by Mánik et al. [1] is selected. The material is prestrained either by compression or rolling, and then tested in uniaxial tension to acquire either reverse softening or orthogonal hardening. The Baus

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7

Cheng, Jiwen, Gang Song, Xiaosheng Zhang, Chunbai Liu, and Liming Liu. "Review of Techniques for Improvement of Softening Behavior of Age-Hardening Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints." Materials 14, no. 19 (2021): 5804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195804.

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The softening phenomenon of age-hardening aluminum alloy-welded joints is severe during conventional fusion welding, which increases the likelihood of stress and strain concentration in the joint during the period of service, significantly reduces the mechanical properties compared to the base metal, and represents an obstacle to the exploration of the potential structural performance. This review paper focuses on an overview of the softening phenomenon. Firstly, the welding softening mechanism and the characteristics of age-hardening aluminum alloys are clarified. Secondly, the current main r

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8

Han, Sang Mook, Yi Hong Guo, Xiang Guo Wu, and Qing Yong Guo. "Numerical Simulation of Quasi-Brittle Fracture in UHPFRC I-Beam as a Linear Complementarity Problem." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.297.

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This paper presents a numerical simulation of quasi-brittle fracture in UHPFRC I-beam as a linear complementarity problem. Based on the investigation of Tin-Loi and Attard, the simulation of quasi-brittle fracture in concrete has been extended to model UHPFRC I-beam by including a tensile hardening. Fracture is simulated through a hardening-softening fracture constitutive law in tension and a softening fracture constitutive law in shear at the boundary nodes, with the material within the triangular unit remaining linear elastic. LCP is used to formulate the path-dependent hardening-softening b

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9

Cohen, Joanna E., Paul W. McDonald, and Peter Selby. "Softening up on the hardening hypothesis." Tobacco Control 21, no. 2 (2012): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050381.

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10

Darinskaya, E. V., E. A. Petrzhik, Yu M. Ivanov, S. A. Erofeeva, and M. R. Raukhman. "Magnetostimulated softening and hardening of semiconductors." physica status solidi (c) 2, no. 6 (2005): 1873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200460553.

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11

Ter-Martirosyan, Zaven, Armen Ter-Martirosyan, and Aleksandr Akuleckiy. "INTERACTION OF LARGE PILES WITH A MULTILAYER SOIL MASS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT HARDENING AND SOFTENING." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 2 (2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-2-67-75.

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This article discusses the formulation and solution of the problem of the interaction of a long pile with thesurrounding multilayer and underlying soils, taking into account the rheological properties of the surrounding soil mass. The creep process is considered taking into account hardening and softening. The problem was considered in a linear setting. The solution is presented by analytical method. To describe the creep process, the rheological parameters of hardening and softening were used. An expression is obtained for finding the reduced shear modulus for a multilayer soil mass. A depend

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12

Fang, N. "A New Quantitative Sensitivity Analysis of the Flow Stress of 18 Engineering Materials in Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 127, no. 2 (2005): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1857935.

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It has long been argued about which effect, among the effects of strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and temperature softening, is predominant in governing the material flow stress in machining. This paper presents a new quantitative sensitivity analysis of the flow stress of 18 engineering materials based on the well-known Johnson-Cook model. It is demonstrated that the first predominant factor governing the material flow stress is either strain hardening or thermal softening, depending on the specific material employed and the varying range of temperatures. Strain-rate hardening is the

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13

Pan, Yan Feng, Pi Zhi Zhao, Yi Fu Shen, Xiang Jun Shi, and Tao Jiang. "A Study on the Deformation Dehaviours of Al-1.4Fe-0.2Mn Alloy Sheets." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.380.

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The deformation behaviours and microstructure transformations during the cold rolling process of Al-1.4Fe-0.2Mn alloy sheets prepared from 99.7% pure aluminium were investigated by means of hardness-testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The phenomena of work hardening and work softening were observed. The hardness of Al-1.4Fe-0.2Mn alloy sheets increased with the increasing of cold rolling reduction firstly, and reached to a peak at 80% cold rolling reduction, meaning work hardening. However, with further increasing of cold rolling reduction,

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14

Wang, X. B. "Effects of Constitutive Parameters on Thickness of Phase Transformed Adiabatic Shear Band for Ductile Metal Based on Johnson-Cook and Gradient Plasticity Models." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.609.

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Gradient-dependent plasticity where a characteristic length is involved to consider the microstructural effect (interactions and interplaying among microstructures due to the heterogeneous texture) is introduced into Johnson-Cook model considering the effects of strain-hardening, thermal softening and strain rate sensitivity. Effects of initial static yield stress, strain-hardening coefficient and exponent, strain-rate and thermal-softening parameters on the occurrence of phase transformation and the thickness of phase transformed adiabatic shear band (ASB) in deformed ASB are numerically inve

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15

Choi, Shi Hoon, Y. S. Song, Jong Kweon Kim, B. J. Jung, and Yong Bum Park. "Implementation of Twin Reorientation and Softening Schemes in a Polycrystal Plasticity Model for Mg Alloys." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.1063.

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Uniaxial compression tests on hot-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy were carried out at a temperature of 300°C. In order to investigate work hardening and texture evolution during plastic deformation, cylindrical specimens were compressed to the rolling direction. Experimental investigation reveals that flow curves are strongly dependent on microstructure evolution such as deformation twinning and softening phenomenon. The occurrence of deformation twinning and softening phenomenon was revealed by the observation of microtexture using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A visco-plastic self-consistent

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16

Liu, Shuaiyang, Aiqin Wang, and Jingpei Xie. "Effect of Deformation Temperature, Strain Rate and Strain on the Strain Hardening Exponent of Copper/Aluminum Laminated Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 27, no. 4 (2018): 096369351802700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351802700401.

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In order to investigate the strain hardening behaviour of Cu/Al laminated composites, isothermal compression tests were conducted in the temperature range of 300–450 °C and stain rate range of 0.01–1 s−1. Based on the experimental data, stain hardening exponent n was calculated to evaluate the strain hardening ability of Cu/Al laminated composites during the deformation process. The results show that deformation temperature, strain rate, strain and laminated structure are all responsible for the evolution of flow stress during the isothermal compression. The highly non-linear character of Ln σ

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17

Touzé, Cyril, Cédric Camier, Gaël Favraud, and Olivier Thomas. "Effect of Imperfections and Damping on the Type of Nonlinearity of Circular Plates and Shallow Spherical Shells." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/678307.

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The effect of geometric imperfections and viscous damping on the type of nonlinearity (i.e., the hardening or softening behaviour) of circular plates and shallow spherical shells with free edge is here investigated. The Von Kármán large-deflection theory is used to derive the continuous models. Then, nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) are used for predicting with accuracy the coefficient, the sign of which determines the hardening or softening behaviour of the structure. The effect of geometric imperfections, unavoidable in real systems, is studied by adding a static initial component in the deflec

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18

Field, D. P., and B. L. Adams. "Unrecoverable Strain Hardening in Torsionally Strained OFHC Copper." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 3 (1990): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903330.

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This paper investigates the recoverable and unrecoverable components of strain hardening in OFHC copper tubing subjected to torsional strain. Individual hardening components are classified and the magnitude of each is experimentally determined. Recoverable strain hardening is defined to be the difference between the final shear stress and the yield stress measured after recovery annealing. The recoverable hardening, due primarily to dislocation pileups, accounts for about 95.5 percent of the measured strain hardening at a shear strain of 1.9. Crystal lattice rotation during shear strain accoun

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19

Khudiakova, A. D., A. N. Servetnik, M. E. Volkov, and S. B. Polianskii. "Cyclic behavior of heat resistant nickel-base alloys EP741NP and EI698VD under strain-control loading." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 89, no. 4 (2023): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-4-50-62.

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Low cycle fatigue behavior of nickel-base alloys EP741NP and EI698VD under strain-control loading with zero strain ratio was studied for a wide range of strain amplitudes and temperatures. Dependences of the stress amplitude, mean stress and plastic strain range on the number of cycles were analyzed. Three stages of the cyclic behavior were marked out: the first stage of non-steady behavior with hardening, or softening, or transition from hardening to softening; the second stage of steady hardening, softening or stability; and the third stage associated with a crack development. Qualitative an

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20

Aleyaasin, Majid. "Estimating the blast response in Elastic-Plastic-Hardening-Softening Structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2983, no. 1 (2025): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2983/1/012001.

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Abstract In this paper, the Elastic-Plastic-Hardening-Softening (E-P-S-H) material model is described by a non-smooth piecewise linear system. The blast response is determined via a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) method. The hardening and softening parameters are introduced by which the stiffness of the structure is described in 3 regions. These are elastic, plastic hardening, and plastic softening regions with different governing equations in each region. The blast force is also designated by an unsymmetrical triangular pulse force in 3 different time ranges. Therefore, to obtain the blast r

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21

Jiang, Hua, Jian Qiu Zhou, and Rong Tao Zhu. "Constitutive Model for Large Plastic Deformation of Nanocrystalline Materials." Materials Science Forum 682 (March 2011): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.682.139.

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A constitutive model was presented for nanocrystalline metallic materials that can experience large plastic deformation with shear band. The model was composed of two parts for different deformation stage: hardening stage and softening stage. In the hardening stage, the phase mixture model was used, and in the softening stage, a shear band deformation mechanism was proposed. Based on the model presented, numerical simulations were carried out to prove that the predications kept in good agreement with experimental data.

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22

Singh, Sushant, and Debashis Khan. "Quasi-statically growing crack tip fields in plastically compressible hardening-softening-hardening solid." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 4 (2018): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-11-2017-0063.

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Purpose As the normality concept for frictional dilatant material has a serious drawback, the key feature in this numerical study is that the material here is characterized by elastic-viscoplastic constitutive relation with plastic non-normality effect for two different hardness functions. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Quasi-static, mode I plane strain crack tip fields have been investigated for a plastically compressible isotropic hardening–softening–hardening material under small-scale yielding conditions. Finite deformation, finite element calculations ar

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23

Mirsayapov, Ilizar T., and Irina V. Koroleva. "Softening and hardening clay soil under loading." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 890 (August 13, 2020): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/890/1/012070.

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24

Mermet-Guyennet, M. R. B., J. Gianfelice de Castro, M. Habibi, N. Martzel, M. M. Denn, and D. Bonn. "LAOS: The strain softening/strain hardening paradox." Journal of Rheology 59, no. 1 (2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.4902000.

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25

Lukáč, P., and Z. Trojanová. "Hardening and softening in selected magnesium alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 462, no. 1-2 (2007): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.170.

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26

Niu, Rongmei, and Ke Han. "Strain hardening and softening in nanotwinned Cu." Scripta Materialia 68, no. 12 (2013): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.051.

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27

Ottosen, Niels Saabye, and Karl‐Gunnar Olsson. "Hardening/Softening Plastic Analysis of Adhesive Joint." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 114, no. 1 (1988): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1988)114:1(97).

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28

Máthis, K., Z. Trojanová, and P. Lukáč. "Hardening and softening in deformed magnesium alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 324, no. 1-2 (2002): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(01)01296-5.

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29

Rusinko, A. "Analytical description of ultrasonic hardening and softening." Ultrasonics 51, no. 6 (2011): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2011.02.003.

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30

Yu, T. X., S. R. Reid, and B. Wang. "Hardening-softening behaviour of tubular cantilever beams." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 35, no. 12 (1993): 1021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(93)90053-w.

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31

Wang, Lei, Kun Cai, Siyu Wei, and Yi Min Xie. "Softening to hardening of stretched diamondene nanotubes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 32 (2018): 21136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03243b.

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32

Trojanová, Z., P. Lukáč, and A. Dlouhý. "Hardening and softening in ZrSn polycrystals." Materials Science and Engineering: A 164, no. 1-2 (1993): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(93)90671-z.

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33

Wang, Qiang Song, Dong Mei Liu, Guo Liang Xie, Wei Bin Xie, Yang Li, and Xue Cheng Gao. "High Temperature High Strain-Rate Tensile and Compressive Deformation Behaviors of Cu-Zn-Sn-Al Alloy." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.55.

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The present work gives a systematic study on the high temperature and high strain-rate deformation behaviors of a two-phase α/β Cu-Zn-Sn-Al alloy, by combining the split Hopkinson bar experiments and microstructural investigations. The results show that under high strain-rate, both the dislocation slip and deformation twins within the α phase contribute to the plastic strengthening of Cu-Zn-An-Al alloy, resulting in the strain-rate-hardening effect. As the deformation temperature increases, the shapes of the stress-strain curves are mainly influenced by the temperature-softening effect and the

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34

Fronk, Matthew D., Stephanie G. Konarski, Caleb F. Sieck, Alec K. Ikei, and Matthew D. Guild. "Dispersion in lattices with patterns of hardening and softening stiffness nonlinearity." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010588.

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Recent focus has been given to analytically predicting amplitude-dependent dispersion in periodic structures with weak stiffness nonlinearity. These dispersion relationships may inform devices such as amplitude-dependent filters, waveguides, and diodes. However, attention is generally restricted to either spatially uniform nonlinearity or mutually exclusive distributions of hardening or softening stiffness. This study investigates dispersion in lattices with spatial modulations in stiffness nonlinearity. Special attention is given to modulations consisting of both hardening and softening nonli

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35

Michelis, Paul, and E. T. Brown. "A yield equation for rock." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 1 (1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-002.

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A yield equation for isotropic, homogeneous, geotechnical materials has been developed and applied to the work-softening and work-hardening behaviour of granular rocks. The development of this yield equation was based on a comparison of the work done and the energy dissipated within a sample undergoing yield in triaxial compression. The formulation takes into account friction and dilatancy and also an experimental observation leading to the derivation of a nonassociated flow rule. The analysis of extensive experimental data indicates that the flow rule is consistent for work-softening and -har

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36

Ramya, Rashmi Rout, Ranjan Dash Rati, and Kumari Padhy Mamata. "Free Vibration Analysis Of Functionally Graded Nanobeams Using Doublet Mechanics Theory." Research and Development in Machine Design 5, no. 2 (2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6956869.

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Free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams is examined using doublet mechanics theory. The material properties of FG nanobeams change with the thickness coordinate. Most of the size dependent continuum models (nonlocal stress gradient, strain gradient and couple stress theories) predict only softening or hardening material behaviour. Except of these size dependent theories doublet mechanics predicts both softening and hardening responses of the material like experiments in micro/nano-structures. A periodic nanostructure model is considered in FG nanobeams which has a simple

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37

Cui, Liuliang, Xihong Zhang, and Hong Hao. "Improved analysis method for structural members subjected to blast loads considering strain hardening and softening effects." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (2021): 2622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211007382.

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In analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loading, equivalent Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) method is commonly recommended in design guides. In this paper, improved analysis method based on SDOF models is proposed. Both flexural and direct shear behaviors of structures subjected to blast load are studied using equivalent SDOF systems. Methods of deriving flexural and direct shear resistance functions are introduced, of which strain hardening and softening effects are considered. To collocate with the improved SDOF models, the improved design charts accounting for strain hardeni

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38

Kim, N. Y., M. K. Razali, S. M. Hong, and M. S. Joun. "Flow behaviors of various metals under tensile load." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2878, no. 1 (2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2878/1/012014.

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Abstract The influence of flow behaviors on the results of finite element (FE) analyses of metal-forming processes is dominant, even though it varies with strain hardening and softening phenomena. However, obtaining a flow curve with sufficient accuracy is not easy, particularly at large strains. Among various well-known methods of obtaining flow curves, tensile testing-based method is effective to obtain flow curves at large strains at room temperature. It is believed that the strain hardening behavior at large strains during the tensile test was not fully known. In this study, the flow curve

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39

Taleb, Lakhdar, and Crescent Kpodekon. "Effect of Pre-Deformation on the Cyclic Behavior and Fatigue of 304L SS." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.125.

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This study deals with the effect of the loading history on the cyclic behavior and the fatigue life of a 304L stainless steel at room temperature. The experiments have been performed using two specimens’ categories. The first one (virgin) has been submitted to only classical fatigue tests while in the second category, prior to the fatigue test; the specimen was subjected to a pre-hardening process under either monotonic or cyclic strain control. Cyclic softening followed by cyclic hardening are observed for the virgin specimens while only cyclic softening is exhibited by the pre-hardened speci

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40

Petrenec, Martin, Karel Obrtlík, Jaroslav Polák, and Jiří Man. "Effect of Temperature on the Low Cycle Fatigue of Cast Inconel 792-5A." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.383.

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Cyclic strain control tests have been performed on cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline Inconel 792-5A superalloy at 23, 500, 700 and 800 °C in laboratory atmosphere to study the effect of temperature on the fatigue behavior. Cyclic hardening-softening curves and fatigue life curves were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface relief. Low amplitude straining was characterized by saturation of the stress amplitude. In room temperature high amplitude straining cyclic hardening was followed by marked saturation. Pronounced continuous hardening until fai

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41

Nikulin, Ilya, Takahiro Sawaguchi, Kazuyuki Ogawa, and Kaneaki Tsuzaki. "Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of the Fe–30Mn–4Si–2Al Alloy." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.944.

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Superior fatigue life of 8000 cycles at low-cycle fatigue with a total strain Δε=2% was found in the Fe–30Mn–4Si–2Al high-Mn alloy, as compared to Fe–30Mn–6Si–0Al and Fe–30Mn–3Si–3Al alloys with fatigue life of 2×103 cycles. Examination of microstructural evolution and cyclic hardening/softening behavior was shown that high fatigue resistance of Fe–30Mn–4Si–2Al alloy associated with delayed development of the deformation induced martensite and inhibited dislocation slip as compared to Fe–30Mn–6Si–0Al and Fe–30Mn–3Si–3Al alloys, respectively. Cyclic strain softening followed by secondary strain

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42

Zhu, Jun, and Yin Zhong Shen. "The Effect of Fe-Ion Irradiation on Hardness Changes in P92 Ferritic/Martensitic Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.418.

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The irradiation-induced hardness change in a commercial P92 ferritic/martensitic steel has been investigated through 3.5MeV Fe-ions irradiations to a dose of 0.29dpa at room temperature, 673K and 973K combined with nanoindentation techniques. The results show that irradiation-induced hardening was observed at the room temperature, and softening occurred at 673K and 973K. The hardening at room temperature is ascribed to the crystal defects in the steel generated by Fe-ions irradiations. The softening at 673K and 973K may be caused by the recovery of the defects.

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Lan, Bo, Shenghong Liu, and Xingyu Ma. "Microstructure and Macroscopic Characteristics of Powder Superalloy under Different Plastic Deformation Process Parameters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2468, no. 1 (2023): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2468/1/012088.

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Abstract Through the uniaxial compression deformation test, this work focuses on analyzing the microstructure evolution of the alloy in the two stages of dynamic softening and strain hardening in the true stress-true strain curve during hot deformation, including grain size, local misorientation and The interaction of its relative mobility, and through the grain boundary orientation difference and grain orientation, explained the dynamic softening mechanism and strain hardening phenomenon, so as to find the microstructure-determining characteristic parameters of the dynamic recrystallization n

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Singh, S., and D. Khan. "Crack Tip Radius Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth and Near Tip Fields in Plastically Compressible Materials." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15983.

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Motivated by the prospective uses of plastically compressible materials such as, metallic and polymeric foams, transformation toughened ceramics, toughened structural polymers etc., the present authors investigate the crack-tip radius effect on fatigue crack growth (FCG) of a mode I crack and near-tip stress-strain fields in such plastically compressible solids. These plastically compressible materials have been characterised by elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations. Simulations are conducted for plane strain geometry with two different hardness functions: one is bilinear hardening and t

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Obrtlík, Karel, Alice Chlupová, Martin Petrenec, and Jaroslav Polák. "Low Cycle Fatigue of Cast Superalloy Inconel 738LC at High Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.581.

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Cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline nickel base superalloy Inconel 738LC were cyclically strained under total strain control at 23 and 800 °C to fracture. Cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain curves, and fatigue life curves were obtained at both temperatures. Surface relief was studied in specimens fatigued to failure using scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic hardening/softening behaviour depends both on temperature and strain amplitude. Low amplitude straining was characterized by saturation of the stress amplitude. In high amplitude straining a pronounced harden

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Nguyen, Duc-Toan. "A New Constitutive Model for AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet Deformed at Elevated Temperatures and Various Strain Rates." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 6 (2014): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0109.

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AbstractIn this study, a new constitutive model is established for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperatures and strain rates in order to describe two competing mechanisms for deformation, i.e. both work-hardening and softening stage of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. Stress-strain curves obtained by conducting uni-axial tensile tests at elevated and strain rates were first separated at the maximum stress and corresponding strain values. Voce's law [25] was then employed to fit separated hardening and softening stage. A MATLAB tool is used to determine material parameters by using leas

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Feng, Jingjing, Cheng Liu, Wei Zhang, Jianxin Han, and Shuying Hao. "Mechanical Behaviors Research and the Structural Design of a Bipolar Electrostatic Actuation Microbeam Resonator." Sensors 19, no. 6 (2019): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061348.

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A class of bipolar electrostatically actuated micro-resonators is presented in this paper. Two parametric equations are proposed for changing the microbeam shape of the upper and lower sections. The mechanical properties of a micro-resonator can be enhanced by optimizing the two section parameters. The electrostatic force nonlinearity, neutral surface tension, and neutral surface bending are considered in the model. First, the theoretical results are verified with finite element results from COMSOL Multiphysics simulations. The influence of section variation on the electrostatic force, pull-in

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Lee, Che-Fu, and Tao-Tsung Shun. "Age Heat Treatment of Al0.5CoCrFe1.5NiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy." Metals 11, no. 1 (2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010091.

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In this study, Al0.5CoCrFe1.5NiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy was heat-treated from 500 °C to 1200 °C for 24 h to investigate age-hardening phenomena and microstructure evolution. The as-cast alloy, with a hardness of HV430, exhibited a dendritic structure comprising an (Fe,Cr)-rich FCC phase and a (Ni,Al,Ti)-rich B2 phase, and the interdendrite exhibited a spinodal decomposed structure comprising an (Fe,Cr)-rich BCC phase and a (Ni,Al,Ti)-rich B2 phase. Age hardening and softening occurred at 500 °C to 800 °C and 900 °C to 1100 °C, respectively. We observed optimal age hardening at 700 °C, and allo

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Tamate, Ryota, Ryoji Usui, Kei Hashimoto, Yuzo Kitazawa, Hisashi Kokubo, and Masayoshi Watanabe. "Photo/thermoresponsive ABC triblock copolymer-based ion gels: photoinduced structural transitions." Soft Matter 14, no. 45 (2018): 9088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01578c.

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Kawai, Masamichi, and Jian Qi Zhang. "A Modified Kinematic-Hardening Viscoplasticity Model for Off-Axis Creep Behavior of Unidirectional CFRPs at High Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.161.

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A macromechanics constitutive model to describe the anisotropic creep behavior of unidirectional composites under off-axis loading conditions is developed with a particular emphasis on accurate prediction of temporal creep softening due to stress variation. A viscoplasticity model that takes account of a combined isotropic and kinematic hardening is adopted as a base for this formulation, and the evolution equation of the kinematic hardening variable is elaborated to enhance the accuracy of prediction of the transient creep softening due to stress variation. Validity of the modified kinematic-

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