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Academic literature on the topic 'Haricot commun – Effets de la sécheresse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Haricot commun – Effets de la sécheresse"
Galaup, Serge. "Étude des effets combinés de l'ozone et de la contrainte hydrique sur la productivité et le fonctionnement stomatique du haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivé en chambres à ciel ouvert." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120040.
Full textValancogne-Moreau, Pascaline. "Effets des conditions de dessiccation sur le comportement à la levée et l'aptitude à la conservation des semences de haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris L. )." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0026.
Full textStorage and emergence problems can be observed on bean seed lots. These problems may be due to the seed characteristics that are set up during seed production, and particularly during the desiccation phase. For four years, bean seed lots were produced and dried under contrasted conditions, and tested in the laboratory or in emergence field experiments. Seed storage ability, as assessed by controlled deterioration tests, is linked to desiccation rate and temperature. Seed emergence ability was studied by distinguishing seed responses to the main environmental factors during germination and elongation before emergence. Several factors throughout seed production influence germination response, whereas only desiccation rate affect elongation response. Seed lot differences in emergence would be due to the small differences in elongation rate and not to the larger differences in germination rate
Montoya, Palacios Carlos Alexander. "Etude de la biochimie de la digestion des phaséolines du haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) in vitro et in vivo : effets du type de phaséoline et du traitement thermique, et impact sur la muqueuse intestinale du rat." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARB182.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the effects of purified phaseolin on protein digestin and intestinalmorphlogy and enzyme activites in the rat, and the susceptiblity of large numbers (43) of purified phaseolin varieties to proteolysis in vitro. Unheated phaseolin displayed low faecal digestibility (19-20 %), irrespective of the type of phaseolin studied. The type (S, T or I) of phaseolin, when unheated influenced the ileal concentration of phaseolin and of some of its digestion products. An incorporation level of phaseolin superior to 50 % of dietary protein affected intestinal morphology and enzymes activities and increased ileal losses of endogenous protein (pancreatic amylase and typsin). Thermal treatment obrogated these effects while improving drastically intestinal digestion and faecal digestibility (77-80 %) of phaseolin. The susceptibility of the 43 purified phaseolin varieties varied widely both without (11-27 %) and after (57-96 %) thermal treatment. We have confirmed from amino acid composition and in vitro proteolysis that sulphur amino acids are the main limiting amino acids in phaseolins. In conclusion, this work highlights the specific effects of phaseolin on the gut in vivo and their susceptibility to proteolysis in vitro. This work opens news perspectives for improving the nutritional quality of common bean for humans, based on selecting varieties with higher contents of limiting amino acids and/or higher susceptibility of phaseolin to proteolysis in vitro
Leitao, Louis. "Impact de l'ozone sur la photosynthèse : effets sur les carboxylases (PEPc et Rubisco) des plantes en C3 et en C4." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3016.
Full textIn order to study chronic and realistic ozone stress on C3 and C4 plant carboxylating enzymes, effects of increasing ozone concentrations on PEPc (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) enzymes have been determined and compared in bean (C3) and maize (C4) plants. We intended to seek possible correlations between carboxylases ' activity, quantity and quality, and connect them to pigment contents which can describe foliar senescence state. Using an open top chamber technology, it has been determined that, according to pollutant concentration and dynamic of exposure, ozone can modify bean and maize carboxylases' activity and quantity, as well as pigment contents. These modifications could be associated with foliar symptoms and/or plant biomass reductions. On bean, ozone could stimulate PEPc anaplerotic isoform activity whereas it could reduce Rubisco's one. Rubisco activity decrease had been associated with the formation of Rubisco small subunits carbonyls and with a decrease of native Rubisco's amount. In maize plants, moderate ozone concentrations have been shown to stimulate PEPc and Rubisco activities and contents whereas these same criteria were reduced by higher ozone concentrations. Real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that only some of these variations can be explained at transcriptional level
Laroche, Laëtitia. "Transfert racinaire de l'uranium (VI) en solution chez une plante supérieure : spéciation en solution hydroponique, prise en charge par la plante, microlocalistion et effets biologiques induits." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11007.
Full textLemoine, Damien. "Fonctionnement hydrique du hêtre : architecture hydraulique et sensibilité à la cavitation." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0013_LEMOINE.pdf.
Full textDixon, Martin. "Étude de l'interaction de l'ozone et du dioxyde de carbone avec la sècheresse sur Quercus rubra (L. ) ; Picea abies (L. ) Karst et Fagus sylvatica (L. ), cultivés en chambres à ciel ouvert : effet sur la croissance, les échanges gazeux et les cires cuticulaires." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10042.
Full textChuste, Pierre-Antoine. "Étude de la sensibilité du hêtre lorrain à un événement climatique extrême. Quels sont les rôles des métabolismes carboné et azoté dans la mort des arbres ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0255/document.
Full textAn increase in forest dieback has been observed in recent decades and the question of how trees will react to these brutal changes is raised by the scientific community but not yet resolved. The multiplicity of studies made it possible to draw several hypotheses on the functional mechanisms put into action during a death event leading to mortality, two of which emerge: a dysfunction of the hydraulic system or a depletion of carbon reserves. Nevertheless, these assumptions turned out to be neither exclusive nor exhaustive. Other hypotheses were then proposed in addition to existing ones, in particular the contribution of nitrogen metabolism during a mortality event. Numerous observations point to a potential risk to the ecological status of beech in the face of these global climate changes, in particular a decrease in the availability of soil nitrogen and an increase in drought events. The work in this thesis has therefore sought to evaluate the contribution of nitrogen and carbon metabolisms to dysfunctions observed during an episode of dieback leading to mortality. During the 3 years of the project, we studied how the nitrogen and carbon metabolism could be impacted by successive annual defoliation or a long and intense drought. Our study has shown the internal tree nitrogen cycle is conserved with a strong allocation of nitrogen to the leaf compartment in the spring, its conservation in the foliage during the growing season and an efficient recycling of the leaf nitrogen to the perennial organs during nitrogen winter remobilization. We have been able to estimate that this recycled nitrogen in the fall contributes significantly to the setting up of the new leaf compartment the following spring, even in the face of significant constraints. We have also been able to show that the quantity of carbon reserves is maintained in the face of defoliation and, at least initially, in the face of drought. Nevertheless, the proportional demand for osmotic requirements in the face of a long and intense drought has led to a decrease in the amount of carbon reserves. When the tree dies, the carbon reserves are greatly reduced, but not until exhaustion, contrary to the theory. Finally, the mortality rate in our experiment was quite low indicating the resistance of the Lorraine beech to extreme constraints such as successive defoliation or a long and intense drought. Our results emphasize the resistance character of the beech against a constraint via internal metabolism adjustments but this resistance could be lost if the stress is longer and more recurrent. These elements can question the possible maintenance of beech in the face of climate change