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Journal articles on the topic 'Harmonization of international standards'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kikuya, Masato. "International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards." Accounting, Business & Financial History 11, no. 3 (2001): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713757317.

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Ederington, Josh. "Environmental Duties and International Harmonization of Standards." Southern Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (2001): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00427.x.

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Ederington, Josh. "Environmental Duties and International Harmonization of Standards." Southern Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (2001): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1061602.

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Hicks, Stephen J. "International Collaboration and Harmonization of Design Standards." Structural Engineering International 30, no. 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2020.1738143.

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Calam, D. H. "Design and international harmonization of pharmacopoeial standards." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 14, no. 1-2 (1995): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(95)01578-7.

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6

Disdier, Anne-Célia, Lionel Fontagné, and Olivier Cadot. "North-South Standards Harmonization and International Trade." World Bank Economic Review 29, no. 2 (2014): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lht039.

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7

Hajnal, Noémi. "The Harmonization of Accounting." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 5, no. 1 (2017): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseb-2017-0002.

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AbstractThe development and configuration of the regulatory framework of the accounting systems in Romania and Hungary took place in different ways. Among the reasons for the diversities in these countries’ accounting systems, the following can be certainly mentioned: different purposes of taxation, legal structure, the accountancy’s connection with the corporate law and family law, diversification on corporate financing policy, and cultural heterogeneity. Both countries quickly caught up with the international accounting harmonization standards. The adaptation of the international accounting

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8

Sydіch, M. "International Accounting Standards and their Impact on the Accounting of Export and Import Operations in Ukraine." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (78) (2024): 72–75. https://doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2024-4(78)-72-75.

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The article deals with the current problem of adapting the Ukrainian accounting system to international standards in the context of European integration and the growth of international trade. Particular attention is paid to the accounting of export and import operations, which have specific features related to currency transactions, customs clearance and international agreements. The key concepts such as "import", "export", "standardization", "harmonization" and "International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)" and their impact on the accounting of foreign economic activity of enterprises a

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9

Harasymiv, Taras. "Problems of harmonization of national legislation to international legal standards." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 40 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.40.012.

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The article presents and analyzes the key theoretical and methodological problems and prospects for the harmonization of national legislation to international legal standards. Four stages of harmonization processes are distinguished: the stage of formation of the national legal mechanism (program) of harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with international legal standards. At this stage, it is necessary to: 1) outline issues that require updated legal regulation; 2) determine the range of international standards for which harmonization should be carried out; 3) create a material and technical

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Akramdjanovich, Ismailov Shakhzod. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR THE LEGAL PROFESSION." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 5, no. 9 (2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume05issue09-11.

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The article discusses the international legal standards of advocacy, which need to be analyzed by each State with the aim to bring national legislation into harmonization with international legal acts in order to build a democratic society that implements one of the most important goals - protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.

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Prokopenko, L. V., N. N. Courierov, and A. V. Lagutina. "Prospects for harmonization of domestic vibration standards with international standards." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-5-339-343.

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Mulugetta, Abraham. "Comparison Of International Accounting Standards, Demand For Multinational Accounting And Implication for International Accounting Harmonization." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 6, no. 3 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v6i3.6287.

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This study discusses practical approach to international accounting conceptualization, reviews literature on international accounting harmonization, and highlights possible reasons for the weak adherence to international accounting standards. It compares specific requirements of the Security Exchange Commission, Financial Accounting Standards Board, International Accounting Standards Committee, Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, European Economic Community, and the United Nations, on the disclosure of international operations of multinational enterprises in order to deter

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Nippes, P. I., and N. E. Nilsson. "International harmonization of standards. Detailed report [power apparatus]." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 14, no. 4 (1999): 1318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.815066.

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14

Moore, M. J. "Nuclear Power Plant Safety Standards: Towards International Harmonization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 3 (1993): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_036_02.

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Sutton, Valerie. "Harmonization of international accounting standards: Is it possible?" Journal of Accounting Education 11, no. 1 (1993): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0748-5751(93)90025-e.

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16

T. Jacques, Kevin. "Capital regulations, supervision and the international harmonization of bank capital ratios." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 1 (2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.11.

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In recent decades, despite the Basel Committee’s effort to develop internationally uniform regulatory capital standards, the capital ratios of banks across countries continue to exhibit significant differences. This paper examines the fundamental question of whether, given a uniform regulatory capital standard, regulators should expect similar banks to exhibit similar risk-based capital ratios. More specifically, this study develops a one-period theoretical model to examine the level playing field argument in light of not only uniform regulatory capital standards but also differences in bank s

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Tsuji, Y. "Promotion of Product Certification and International Harmonization of Standards." Concrete Journal 47, no. 2 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.47.2_1.

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18

Casella, Alessandra. "Product Standards and International Trade. Harmonization through Private Coalitions?" Kyklos 54, no. 2‐3 (2001): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00152.

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Sawyer, Erin N., William A. Kerr, and Jill E. Hobbs. "International Marketing of Organic Foods: Consumers, Standards, and Harmonization." Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 21, no. 1 (2008): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08974430802480644.

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Casella, Alessandra. "Product Standards and International Trade. Harmonization through Private Coalitions?" Kyklos 54, no. 2-3 (2001): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2001.00152.x.

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Sawyer, Erin N., William A. Kerr, and Jill E. Hobbs. "Consumer preferences and the international harmonization of organic standards." Food Policy 33, no. 6 (2008): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.04.006.

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22

Askarova, Dilorom Xojimuratovna. "HARMONIZATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CALCULATION OF WAGES IN UZBEKISTAN TO INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS)." American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations 5, no. 12 (2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume05issue12-04.

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The article considers issues of improvement of accounting of wages and benefits of employees, criteria of their accounting, on the basis of comparison with the standards of the main documents of international practice of organization of business accounting in the field of communications in accordance with international standards. The main stages of the process of initial approval of financial reporting on laborand wages in accordance with international standards have been proposed.

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Nikitin, A. E. "Monitoring of international standards in the scope of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete”." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 33, no. 2 (2022): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2022-2(33)-161-172.

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Introduction. At present, various approaches to standardization in construction are used that are often in poor agreement. This hinders international cooperation and collaborative planning, design, and construction of facilities. The harmonization of construction standards has been long overdue.Aim. In this work, international standards were monitored and compared with Russian analogs in order to develop an approach to their harmonization.Materials and methods. The European and American standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) were selected for further comparison w

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Makhmudov, Saidjamol. "ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS." Economics and education 24, no. 4 (2023): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss4/a13.

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The article deals with the issues of harmonization with international financial reporting standards, the solution of organizational issues of accounting for securities and the organization of audits based on international financial reporting standards.

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Divljak, Drago. "Food safety standards and law of the World Trade Organization." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, no. 4 (2022): 965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-41276.

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The paper discusses the legal significance of food safety standards in the WTO. In this framework, the task is to determine the formal normative basis and conceptual approach to this issue. The subject of more detailed analysis will be the essential determinants of this approach, in particular the process of harmonization and the status of international standards in the WTO law. In addition, the paper aims to determine the effective results of the WTO rules in this area, as well as their scope and limitations, and this especially refers to the process of harmonization and application of intern

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Jasanoff, Sheila. "Epistemic Subsidiarity – Coexistence, Cosmopolitanism, Constitutionalism." European Journal of Risk Regulation 4, no. 2 (2013): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00003305.

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Harmonization is an essential instrument of international risk governance. It is the process through which disparities among national regulatory standards are ironed out, producing uniform outcomes that all participants in a regime can accept and that facilitate the free exchange of regulated goods in commerce. Contrary to conventional belief, however, harmonization requires not only technical but also political cooperation, since standards themselves are not direct mirrors of reality but are co-produced responses to technoscientific and political uncertainty. Attempts to harmonize standards a

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27

Trach, Yulyia. "On the Relevance of Translation and Adaptation of International IT Standards in Ukraine." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 3, no. 1 (2020): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.31866/2617-796x.3.1.2020.206113.

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The purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of translation and adaptation of international IT standards in Ukraine. Research methods. In preparation of the study such general scientific methods of cognition as analysis, synthesis were applied. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to find out the peculiarities of the process of harmonization of international IT standards in Ukraine, to emphasize the need for better translation of IT standards and to bring their content closer to practice. Conclusions. In order to prevent the doubt that the introduction of

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Jackson, PJ, and JM Lawton. "International Development of Standards for Cements." Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates 15, no. 2 (1993): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/cca10602j.

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Abstract Many cements manufactured and marketed in different countries have generally similar properties, but national standards tend to characterize them using different tests and with different numerical values. A review has been made of the nature and the magnitude of these differences in order to establish those most favored in the world as a whole and also in a number of geographical regions. Greater harmonization of standards for many cements should be possible. Because of its growing acceptance in many countries, a move to the International Standards Organization (ISO) 679 test method f

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29

Smailov, Alikhan. "The integration of statistics of Kazakhstan with the European Statistical System." Statistics in Transition new series 12, no. 3 (2011): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2011-030.

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ABSTRACT 1. Legal basis of integration of the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (further - ASRK) with international statistical community: - law about the state statistics, principles, positions, international agreements; - strategic plans for development. 2. General information on interaction of ASRK with international statistical community: - global estimations; - agreement with World Bank; - cooperation with international organizations and national statistical offices. 3. Activity of ARKS on harmonization of standards, qualifiers and methodology with the international analo

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Rebetak, Filip, and Viera Bartosova. "Current state of accounting in Slovak Republic in the conditions of globalization." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 10011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112910011.

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Research background: Globalization currently impacts every aspect of economic life. Accounting and the law that govern it are no exceptions. The interconnectedness of companies across state boundaries brings with itself challenges to the accounting practices around the world. The globalization in the world of accounting is represented with the movement for harmonization of accounting practices around the world. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a vehicle for that harmonization. Slovak Republic also allows companies to publish their financial statements in accordance with t

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Ben Slama, Fatma, and Mohamed Faker Klibi. "Accounting development in a changing environment: the case of Tunisia." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 5 (2017): 756–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-03-2016-0034.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss accounting development in Tunisia, which is a developing North African country little known in the international accounting literature. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, this paper is based on an exploratory approach. It uses the descriptive tradition of research by collecting and analyzing numerical and narrative data to identify and describe environmental factors that favor or hamper accounting development in Tunisia. Findings This paper indicates that Tunisian companies have been applying the Enterprise Accounting System (EAS) sinc

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Ostapenko, Maria, Vladlena Nazarova, and Natalia Voronova. "International standards application in machine building." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 03036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032903036.

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Machine building is one of the leading industries. A modern man cannot exist without mechanical production. Nevertheless, the volume of manufactured products is large, and each part of it requires normative and technical documentation. Standards are introduced at enterprises to meet the demand of consumers in mechanical production. The standards also allow mechanical production to compete in domestic and foreign marketplaces. This paper analyzes the machine-building industry. The features and leading centres of machine-building placement are given. The main standardization problem in the field

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KANG, Minji. "Harmonization of International Standards in the context of ‘SPS Regionalisation’." KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 66, no. 3 (2021): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46406/kjil.2021.09.66.3.39.

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LUPIEN, JOHN R., and MARY F. KENNY. "Tolerance Limits and Methodology: Effect on International Trade." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 11 (1998): 1571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.11.1571.

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Microbiological contamination of foods with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and other pathogens and toxins and Chemical and environmental contaminants can cause serious health and trade problems in the international trade of foods. Consequently, a system of monitoring and surveillance of the quality and safety of imported foods can have a significant impact on food trade between two or more countries. The World Trade Organization (WTO) provides a framework for ensuring fair trade and harmonizing standards and import requirements on foods traded, through the Agreeme

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Jerris, Scott I. "Earnings Per Share Reporting: A Movement Toward International Harmonization." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 2 (2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i2.5711.

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Earnings per share (EPS) is one of the most widely quoted financial measures used in assessing firm performance. Due to the use of the price-earnings ratio in financial analysis, some countries have established a standard for the computation of EPS measures. This paper compares, contrasts and illustrates current EPS reporting practices for two countries with actual pronouncements: the United States, and the United Kingdom. These two countries were specifically chosen because they represent how current EPS reporting practices can differ on a number of dimensions. In addition, this paper discuss

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Rosin, Melanie. "Will We Ever Close the GAAP?: A Look into the International Convergence of Accounting Standards." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 6.1 (2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.6.1.will.

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This Note examines the trend toward the international convergence of accounting standards and then identifies the factors contributing to the process of this trend as well as the obstacles standard setters face in moving to one high quality, unified set of standards. The Note next identifies the possible outcomes for the future of convergence, including the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the United States, the Securities & Exchange Commission’s (SEC) encouragement of the voluntary of adoption of IFRS by the United States, requiring public compan

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Le Thanh, Hung, Phuong Trieu Viet, Hoa Ngo Quynh, and Hang Nguyen Thuy. "The tendency of referencing to AOAC methods in TCVNs, QCVNs and harmonizing TCVNs in the food chain according to the AOAC methods." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 6, no. 2 (2023): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.4079.

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At the end of 2022, Vietnam's standard system (TCVN) had 2026 national standards related to the food chain (food and feed), of which the number of test method standards accounts for nearly 70 %. The test method standards have played an extremely important role in the food chain. The harmonization of TCVN on test methods for the food chain according to international standards (ISO standards) is always a priority in the process of developing and perfecting the TCVN system. Moreover, there are also many TCVNs built on the basis of harmonizing (or referencing) methods of the International Associat

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Wulandari, Mega. "Legal Review of the Validity of Electronic Deeds in International Business Transactions: An Indonesian Notary's Perspective." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 6, no. 1 (2025): 289–99. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v6i1.8897.

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The development of digital technology has encouraged the use of Actelectronic in international business transactions. However, the validity of electronic activities is still a legal issue, especially in Indonesia, where regulations are not fully in line with international standards such as the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. This study aims to analyze the validity of electronic deeds in international business transactions through the perspective of Indonesian notaries to identify existing challenges, as well as provide recommendations for regulatory harmonization. This research uses

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Ghio, Alessandro, and Roberto Verona. "Accounting Practitioners' Attitudes toward Accounting Harmonization: Adoption of IFRS for SMEs in Italy." Journal of International Accounting Research 17, no. 2 (2018): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-52278.

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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the logics that drive the attitudes of certified accounting practitioners for small firms (CAs) toward new accounting standards. It then unravels the heterogeneity within the accounting profession surrounding the accounting harmonization process. Through analysis of an extensive survey of 1,268 Italian CAs and of ten interviews with presidents of local professional associations regarding an ongoing accounting harmonization project (i.e., the IFRS for SMEs), we first document the coexistence of competitive logics in driving CAs' attitudes toward the new accounting st

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Kaupelyte, Dalia, and Renata Legenzova. "DO LITHUANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS REFLECT ACCOUNTING HARMONIZATION IN THE EU?" CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.453.

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Financial accounting is undergoing major changes in the EU and worldwide. Great efforts are placed on adoption of high quality accounting standards for listed companies, public sector organizations as well as small and medium business entities. Being a member of the EU Lithuania is in compliance with the EU incentives in de jure accounting harmonization; however de facto situation in Lithuania is not adequately assessed. One of accounting harmonization related questions is whether Lithuanian higher education provides labor market with market-needs oriented accounting professionals.The objectiv

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Poletaev, V. V., and A. E. Nikitin. "Monitoring of international standards in the field of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete”." Concrete and Reinforced Concrete 615, no. 1 (2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/0005-9889-2023-1(615)-23-32.

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Introduction. The article is based on the results of monitoring the regulatory framework of international standards in the field of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete”. Monitoring and analysis of newly developed and updated international standards is done to identify gaps in the domestic regulatory framework, to find duplicate or contradict regulatory documents, to establish relationships with regulatory documents related to adjacent areas, to monitor and analyze existing regulatory technical documents for the sufficiency of requirements in the field of t

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Du, Michael M. "Reducing Product Standards Heterogeneity through International Standards in the WTO: How Far across the River?" Journal of World Trade 44, Issue 2 (2010): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2010010.

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Heterogeneity in product standards across World Trade Organization (WTO) Members adversely affects the international flow of goods and its reduction will increase global economic welfare if legitimate regulatory objectives are not violated. The Uruguay Round has seen the incorporation of international standards in both the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement as a harmonization device. Despite many benefits that international standards may offer, WTO’s attachment to international standards has

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Fakhfakh, Mondher. "The Islamic harmonization of consolidated auditors’ reports." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 3 (2020): 647–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-08-2017-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of harmonization of consolidated auditors’ reports issued by the independent auditors of Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach A statistical measurement of the homogenization of the consolidated auditors’ reports of Islamic banks. International and Islamic auditing standards on consolidated auditors’ reports are used as the control (ISA 700 and AAOIFI standard-IAS2). Findings The results show a lack of harmonization among the Islamic bank’s groups in several elements related to the form of the consolidated auditor’s report and in a

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Michael Alurame Eruaga. "Enhancing global food safety standards through international collaboration and policy harmonization." International Journal of Scholarly Research in Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (2024): 020–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56781/ijsrms.2024.4.1.0027.

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In an increasingly interconnected world, ensuring the safety of the global food supply has emerged as a paramount concern. With foodborne illnesses affecting millions annually and international trade in food products reaching unprecedented levels, the need for robust food safety standards has never been more pressing. This abstract explores the vital role of international collaboration and policy harmonization in enhancing global food safety standards, with a focus on the mechanisms, challenges, and potential solutions involved. At the heart of global food safety efforts lie collaborative ende

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Prakash, Dr M. R., Mrs G. Madhuri, and Ms K. Agilandeswari. "A Survey of International Public Sector Accounting Standards." Journal of Corporate Finance Management and Banking System, no. 25 (September 20, 2022): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcfmbs.25.25.28.

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Globalization generates a verifiable upheaval and unavoidably impacts the bookkeeping division. Thus, harmonization of national bookkeeping frameworks meets with accomplishment under globalization. Bookkeeping techniques for neighbourhood open parts can't be unaffected and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (from this time forward IPSAS) have been gotten for a worldwide appropriation. This study delineates the huge way of IPSAS, their general qualities and importance of them. Additionally, cash‐basis and accrual‐basis measures will be called attention to. Moreover, this study wil

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Diller, Janelle M., and David A. Levy. "Child Labor, Trade and Investment: Toward the Harmonization of International Law." American Journal of International Law 91, no. 4 (1997): 663–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998099.

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Growing awareness of the economic exploitation of millions of children around the world has catapulted the issue of child labor into the public eye and brought it to the forefront of debate within governments, international organizations and the business sector. Arousing diverse interests, the debate juxtaposes the multilateral trade regime with international law governing labor standards and human rights. Each of the charters establishing the primary international organizations for cooperation in those areas is premised on the interdependence of economic and social progress. Nonetheless, the

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Kogi, K. "2. International harmonization and new standards in the occupational health field." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 41, Special (1999): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990893.

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48

Prudyus, L. V. "Harmonization of the Ukrainian civil service with international and EU standards." Public administration aspects, no. 6-7 (July 19, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151630.

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BORTNIKOV, Hennadii, and Oleksandr LYUBICH. "Harmonization of the risk management mechanism of banks with international standards." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2017, no. 256 (2017): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2017.03.070.

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50

Radiyyah, Afif Fathanah, Nabila Tasya Nurhafifah Manurung, Sovy Muti Ardianty Hasibuan, and Suhairi Suhairi. "Kebijakan Produk Standarisasi International." INFORMATIKA 12, no. 1 (2024): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.36987/informatika.v11i1.5401.

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International product standardization policies are related to the dynamics of global trade and the complexity of the current global market. In an ever-evolving and globally connected environment, harmonization of product standards is important to facilitate the more efficient flow of goods and services across borders. Differences in national standards between countries can be a major obstacle in international trade. Therefore, a uniform and compatible standardization policy throughout the world is essential to create a fair and open trading environment for all market participants. This researc

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