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Journal articles on the topic 'Harpin protein'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kvitko, Brian H., Adela R. Ramos, Joanne E. Morello, Hye-Sook Oh, and Alan Collmer. "Identification of Harpins in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Which Are Functionally Similar to HrpK1 in Promoting Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effectors." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (2007): 8059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01146-07.

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ABSTRACT Harpins are a subset of type III secretion system (T3SS) substrates found in all phytopathogenic bacteria that utilize a T3SS. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was previously reported to produce two harpins, HrpZ1 and HrpW1. DC3000 was shown here to deploy two additional proteins, HopAK1 and HopP1, which have the harpin-like properties of lacking cysteine, eliciting the hypersensitive response (HR) when partially purified and infiltrated into tobacco leaves, and possessing a two-domain structure similar to that of the HrpW1 class of harpins. Unlike the single-domain harpin HrpZ1

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2

Charkowski, Amy O., James R. Alfano, Gail Preston, Jing Yuan, Sheng Yang He, and Alan Collmer. "The Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato HrpW Protein Has Domains Similar to Harpins and Pectate Lyases and Can Elicit the Plant Hypersensitive Response and Bind to Pectate." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 19 (1998): 5211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.19.5211-5217.1998.

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ABSTRACT The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringaeelicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the P. syringae genome. hrpW was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. hrpW encodes a 42.9-kDa protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (Pels), respectively. HrpW has key properties of harpins. It is heat stable and glycine rich, lacks cysteine, is secreted by t

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3

Wang, Min, Xiao Hong Sun, Tian Lei Qiu, Mei Lin Han, and Xu Ming Wang. "Fermentative Production of Harpin Protein by a Recombinant E. coli Strain and its Toxicity Determination." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.971.

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Harpin protein was produced by a recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET30a(+)hrpNEcc in a 1-ton fermentor, and acute oral toxicity test in rats and guinea pig skin sensitization test for Harpin protein were carried out in order to determine its toxicity. The experimental results show that the protein production is up to 4.78 g/L after 16-18 h of fermentation, and the production cost of this protein is 1.75 yuan/g. Harpin protein produced by the recombinant E. coli strain is non-toxic (LD50>5000mg/kg) and has a low allergenicity (rate of sensitization is 0%). The results obtained in this study la

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4

Qiu, Tian Lei, Min Wang, Xiao Hong Sun, Mei Lin Han, and Xu Ming Wang. "Control on Soft Rot of Chinese Cabbage Using Harpin Protein." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 2078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.2078.

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Soft rot of Chinese cabbage is a common disease that causes serious damage and economic losses. In this study, the control on soft rot of growing and postharvest Chinese cabbage was carried out, using Harpin protein which was the expressed product of a recombinant E. coli strain. The experimental results indicate that Harpin protein preparation containing 3% pure protein powder and 97% wettable powder of Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt), could effectively control soft rot of Chinese cabbage. The control effect on soft rot reached as high as 90% for growing Chinese cabbage using Harpin protein at 6-

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5

Lal, Kishori, Vinay K. Singh, and Debashish Dey. "Study of Molecular Interaction Between Arabidopsis Aquaporin and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Harpin (HrpZPss) Through Molecular Docking Tools." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 9, no. 04 (2023): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i04.06.

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Harpins constitute one unique group of elicitor proteins secreted through the type 3 secretion system during plant-pathogen interactions and induce various responses like the formation of pores in the membrane, hypersensitive response, and systemic acquired resistance in non-host plants. Harpins from different bacterial sources elicit different responses in plants which may be due to their structural differences. As of today, the complete mechanisms of action of different harpins are lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the protein-protein-mediated functional association between mem

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6

Li, Chun-Mei, Minna Haapalainen, Justin Lee, Thorsten Nürnberger, Martin Romantschuk, and Suvi Taira. "Harpin of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Harbors a Protein Binding Site." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 1 (2005): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0060.

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Harpin HrpZ of plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae elicits a hypersensitive response (HR) in some nonhost plants, but its function in the pathogenesis process is still obscure. HrpZ-interacting proteins were identified by screening a phage-display library of random peptides. HrpZ of the bean pathogen P. syringae pv. Phaseolicola (HrpZPph) shows affinity to peptides with a consensus amino acid motif W(L)ARWLL(G/L). To localize the peptide-binding site, the hrpZPph gene was mutagenized with randomly placed 15-bp insertions, and the mutant proteins were screened for the peptide-bindin

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7

Ahmad, Musharaf, Doris R. Majerczak, Sharon Pike, Mary Elizabeth Hoyos, Anton Novacky, and David L. Coplin. "Biological Activity of Harpin Produced by Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (2001): 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1223.

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Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii causes Stewart's wilt of sweet corn. A hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) secretion system is needed to produce water-soaking and wilting symptoms in corn and to cause a hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. Sequencing of the hrp cluster revealed a putative harpin gene, hrpN. The product of this gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and shown to elicit the HR in tobacco and systemic resistance in radishes. The protein was designated HrpNPnss. Like other harpins, it was heat stable and protease sensitive, although it was three- to fourfold

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8

Tampakaki, Anastasia P., and Nickolas J. Panopoulos. "Elicitation of Hypersensitive Cell Death by Extracellularly Targeted HrpZPsph Produced In Planta." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 12 (2000): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.12.1366.

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The ability of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola harpin (HrpZPsph) to elicit hypersensitive response was investigated in three Nicotiana genotypes. The hrpZPsph gene was placed under chemical regulation (tetracycline induction) in TetR+ Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38 (W38) or was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana following infection with a PVX-derived vector and in three Nicotiana genotypes by agroinfiltration. The constructs were designed to express either the canonical form of harpin (HrpZPsph) or an N-terminally extended version of the protein carrying the signal peptide p

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9

Crupi, Pasquale, Giambattista Debiase, Gianvito Masi, Francesca Mangione, and Luigi Tarricone. "Harpin Proteins Improve Bioactive Compounds Content in Crimson Seedless Table Grape." Open Bioactive Compounds Journal 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874847301907010001.

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Background: Frequently, in warm climates such as Mediterranean areas, a red-pink table grape ‘Crimson Seedless’ does not reach a good berry skin color; and an acceptable anthocyanin bioactive compounds content, responsible for the red color of berries. Harpin proteins are biotechnologically developed bio-activators that, if applied on plants during the growing period, trigger the expression of hundreds of genes among which those associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds (such as anthocyanins). Aim: This research aimed at using harpin proteins to test their suitability in improvin

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10

Krause, Maren, and Jörg Durner. "Harpin Inactivates Mitochondria in Arabidopsis Suspension Cells." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 2 (2004): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.2.131.

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Harpin is a well-known proteinaceous bacterial elicitor that can induce an oxidative burst and programmed cell death in various host plants. Given the demonstrated roles of mitochondria in animal apoptosis, we investigated the effect of harpin from Pseudomonas syringae on mitochondrial functions in Arabidopsis suspension cells in detail. Fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with double-staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria suggested co-localization of mitochondria and ROS generation. Plant defense responses or cell death after pathogen attack have been suggested to be r

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11

Daler, Selda, Irem Karaca, Hava Delavar, and Ozkan Kaya. "Harnessing the Potential of Harpin Proteins: Elicitation Strategies for Enhanced Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Grapevine Callus Cultures." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071416.

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Grapes and grape products are rich in secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, which have antioxidant properties. These compounds possess health-promoting attributes, including cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. In recent years, biotechnological methods have been employed to produce high quantities and purity of secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions, aiming to elucidate their complex functions and optimize production methods. However, the potential effects of harpin proteins on the accumulation of secondary compounds in callus cultures

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12

Sgro, Germán G., Florencia A. Ficarra, Germán Dunger, et al. "Contribution of a harpin protein fromXanthomonas axonopodispv.citrito pathogen virulence." Molecular Plant Pathology 13, no. 9 (2012): 1047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00814.x.

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13

Fonseca, Jorge M., Hyun-Jin Kim, Wesley L. Kline, et al. "Effect of Preharvest Application of a Second-generation Harpin Protein on Microbial Quality, Antioxidants, and Shelf Life of Fresh-cut Lettuce." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 1 (2009): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.1.141.

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The effect of preharvest application of a newly developed second-generation harpin product (2G-Harpin) on shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was investigated. The lettuce plants were grown in three locations in the United States: Watsonville, CA, Cedarville, NJ, and Yuma, AZ, and treated 5 days before harvest at 140, 280, and 420 g·ha−1 (30, 60, and 90 mg·L−1). Lettuce processed and bagged were stored at 1 to 3 °C and evaluated for quality for 20 days. Lettuce from California treated with 2G-Harpin at 280 to 420 g·ha−1 consistently showed better visual quality and lower microbial

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14

Chen, Lei, Jun Qian, Shuping Qu, et al. "Identification of Specific Fragments of HpaGXooc, a Harpin from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, that Induce Disease Resistance and Enhance Growth in Plants." Phytopathology® 98, no. 7 (2008): 781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-7-0781.

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Harpin proteins from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria can stimulate hypersensitive cell death (HCD) and pathogen defense as well as enhance growth in plants. Two of these diverse activities clearly are beneficial and may depend on particular functional regions of the proteins. Identification of beneficial and deleterious regions might facilitate the beneficial use of harpin-related proteins on crops without causing negative effects like cell death. Here, we report the identification and testing of nine functional fragments of HpaGXooc, a 137-amino-acid harpin protein from Xanthomonas or

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15

Abbas, Hamed K., and H. Arnold Bruns. "Influence of Messenger on Corn Yield and Mycotoxin Contamination in Mississippi." Plant Health Progress 7, no. 1 (2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2006-1016-03-rs.

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Harpin, a bacterial protein that elicits systemic acquired resistance increasing plant disease resistance in several species, is reported to enhance yield and quality of several crops including corn (Zea may L.). This experiment examined the effect of Harpin on corn yield, suppression of aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, and Aspergillus colonization in corn grain. The experiment was conducted in 2002 and 2003 on two different soils at Stoneville, MS. Plots of a commercial corn hybrid were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus strain F3W4, formulated on autoclaved wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

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16

Mee-Ngan, Yap, Clemencia M. Rojas, Ching-Hong Yang, and Amy O. Charkowski. "Harpin Mediates Cell Aggregation in Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 6 (2006): 2280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.6.2280-2284.2006.

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ABSTRACT The hypersensitive response elicitor harpin (HrpN) of soft rot pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi strains 3937 and EC16 is secreted via the type III secretion system and remains cell surface bound. Strain 3937 HrpN is essential for cell aggregation, but the C-terminal one-third of the protein is not required for aggregative activity.

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17

Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus, and Salih Maden. "Evaluation of host resistance inducers and conventional products for fire blight management in loquat and quince." Phytoprotection 88, no. 3 (2008): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018954ar.

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Abstract Fire blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits. Due to the lack of effective, non-phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fire blight in pome fruit trees, new strategies to manage Erwinia amylovora fire blight are being sought. The resistance-inducing compounds prohexadione-Ca, harpin protein and benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-methyl), the fertilizer humic acid, the bactericides streptomycin and copper salts, and combinations of copper with chemicals were evaluated for their ability to control fire blight on quince and loquat cultivars

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18

Liang, Zhuo, Jin-Ping Xu, Xiao-Lin Meng, Wei Lu, Jian Wang, and Han Xia. "Improve bioavailability of Harpin protein on plant use PLGA based nanoparticle." Journal of Biotechnology 143, no. 4 (2009): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.08.004.

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19

Obradovic, A., J. B. Jones, M. T. Momol, B. Balogh, and S. M. Olson. "Management of Tomato Bacterial Spot in the Field by Foliar Applications of Bacteriophages and SAR Inducers." Plant Disease 88, no. 7 (2004): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.7.736.

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Various combinations of the harpin protein, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and bacteriophages were compared for controlling tomato bacterial spot in field experiments. Harpin protein and aciben-zolar-S-methyl were applied every 14 days beginning twice before transplanting and then an additional four applications throughout the season. Formulated bacteriophages were applied prior to inoculation followed by twice a week at dusk. A standard bactericide treatment, consisting of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb, was applied once prior to inoculation and then every 7 days, while untreated plants served as an u

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20

Li, Ming, Min Shao, Xu-Zhong Lu, and Jin-Sheng Wang. "Biological Activities of Purified HarpinXoo and HarpinXoo Detection in Transgenic Plants Using Its Polyclonal Antibody." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 37, no. 10 (2005): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00096.x.

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AbstractMany harpins have been found in plant pathogen bacteria that can elicit disease and insect resistance in plants, and promote plant growth. In this work, we overexpressed and purified Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin, harpinXoo, in Escherichia coli BL21/pGEX-hpa1. HarpinXoo was fused to the Cterminus of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and purified using the Bulk GST purification module and thrombin cleavage capture kit. Purified harpinXoo protein was sensitive to protease K and stable to heat treatment, and could not induce a hypersensitive response after treatment with various plan

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21

Taylor, K. C. "HARPIN PROTEIN APPLICATION IMPACTS FRUIT YIELD, SIZE AND RETENTION OF PEACH FRUIT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 713 (July 2006): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.713.34.

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22

Jordan, D. L., J. C. Faircloth, S. H. Lancaster, J. E. Lanier, P. D. Johnson, and G. U. White. "Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to the Harpin Protein Product Messenger®." Peanut Science 32, no. 2 (2005): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679(2005)32[144:pahlrt]2.0.co;2.

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23

Chen, Yazhou, Shiming Tan, Fang Yang, Zhongshan Chen, Zirong Wu, and Jing Huang. "Soluble expression and purification of a functional harpin protein in Escherichia coli." Process Biochemistry 57 (June 2017): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.010.

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24

Deng, Wen-Ling, and Hsiou-Chen Huang. "Cellular Locations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae HrcC and HrcJ Proteins, Required for Harpin Secretion via the Type III Pathway." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 7 (1999): 2298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.7.2298-2301.1999.

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ABSTRACT The complete hrp-hrc-hrmA cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 encodes 28 polypeptides. A saprophytic bacterium carrying this cluster is capable of secreting HrpZ—a harpin encoded by hrpZ—in an hrp-dependent manner, which suggests that this cluster contains sufficient components to assemble functional type III secretion machinery. Sequence data show that HrcJ and HrcC are putative outer membrane proteins, and nonpolar mutagenesis demonstrates they are all required for HrpZ secretion. In this study, we investigated the cellular localization of the HrcC and HrcJ proteins by T

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25

Bakar, Ros Azrinawati Hana, Norliza Abu Bakar, Khairulmazmi Ahmad, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Mohd As’wad Abdul Wahab, and Nor Mustaiqazah Juri. "RECOMBINANT PROTEIN APPLICATION INDUCED DEFENSE MECHANISM IN HOST PLANT AGAINST PAPAYA DIEBACK DISEASE." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 6 (2023): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.20092.

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Erwinia mallotivora is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes the papaya dieback disease in Malaysia. Currently, no effective disease control method is documented. In this regard, the adoption of harpin proteins in promoting plant defense mechanisms has been reported to be a promising control method for this disease. This study used, two recombinant harpin proteins, Hrp I and Hrp II, to control the disease in the glasshouse and field conditions. The results of foliar application in the glasshouse showed protective index of 70.8% and 35.7% for Hrp I and Hrp II, respectively. Meanwhile, the field

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26

Fallahi, Esmaeil. "Harpin Protein Influence on Fruit Quality Attributes, Ethylene, Respiration, and Minerals in Apples." American Journal of Plant Sciences 12, no. 08 (2021): 1236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2021.128086.

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27

Desikan, Radhika, John T. Hancock, Kazuya Ichimura, Kazuo Shinozaki, and Steven J. Neill. "Harpin Induces Activation of the Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases AtMPK4 and AtMPK6." Plant Physiology 126, no. 4 (2001): 1579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.4.1579.

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28

Liu, Fengquan, Hongxia Liu, Qin Jia, et al. "The Internal Glycine-Rich Motif and Cysteine Suppress Several Effects of the HpaGXooc Protein in Plants." Phytopathology® 96, no. 10 (2006): 1052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1052.

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HpaGXooc, produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is a member of harpin group of proteins that stimulate plant growth, hypersensitive cell death (HCD), and pathogen defense. The protein contains two copies of the glycine-rich motif (GRM), a characteristic of harpins, and a cysteine, which is absent in other harpins. Genetic modification generated the pro-tein mutants HpaGXoocMG (MG) by deleting GRMs and HpaGXoocC47T (C47T) by replacing cysteine with threonine. When applied to tobacco plants, C47T and MG were 1.2- and 1.7-fold stronger, respectively, than HpaGXooc in inducing HCD, which o

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29

Livaja, Maren, M. Cristina Palmieri, Uta von Rad, and Jörg Durner. "The effect of the bacterial effector protein harpin on transcriptional profile and mitochondrial proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana." Journal of Proteomics 71, no. 2 (2008): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2008.04.002.

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30

Wang, Xiaoyu, Ming Li, Jiahuan Zhang, Yan Zhang, Guiying Zhang, and Jinsheng Wang. "Identification of a key functional region in harpins from Xanthomonas that suppresses protein aggregation and mediates harpin expression in E. coli." Molecular Biology Reports 34, no. 3 (2006): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-006-9034-6.

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31

Rosenberger, D. A., J. R. Schupp, S. A. Hoying, L. Cheng, and C. B. Watkins. "Controlling Bitter Pit in `Honeycrisp' Apples." HortTechnology 14, no. 3 (2004): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.3.0342.

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Control of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' apples (Malus ×domestica) from trees treated during the growing season with foliar sprays of trifloxystrobin fungicide and calcium was evaluated in four replicated trials over 2 years. All trials were in commercial orchards of `Honeycrisp' trees that were 3 to 6 years old. The effectiveness of combining boron with foliar applications of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was evaluated in two trials, and effectiveness of harpin protein, used either alone or in alternating sprays with CaCl2 was assessed in one trial. Trifloxystrobin applied twice during the 30 days be

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32

Loreti, Sarrocco, and Gallelli. "Identification of hrp Genes, Encoding Harpin Protein, in Pseudomonas avellanae (Psallidas) Janse et al." Journal of Phytopathology 149, no. 3-4 (2001): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00606.x.

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33

Kim, Jihyun F., and Steven V. Beer. "HrpW of Erwinia amylovora, a New Harpin That Contains a Domain Homologous to Pectate Lyases of a Distinct Class." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 19 (1998): 5203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.19.5203-5210.1998.

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ABSTRACT Harpins, such as HrpN of Erwinia amylovora, are extracellular glycine-rich proteins that elicit the hypersensitive reaction (HR). We identified hrpW of E. amylovora, which encodes a protein similar to known harpins in that it is acidic, rich in glycine and serine, and lacks cysteine. A putative HrpL-dependent promoter was identified upstream ofhrpW, and Western blot analysis of hrpL mutants indicated that the production of HrpW is regulated by hrpL. HrpW is secreted via the Hrp (type III) pathway based on analysis of wild-type strains and hrp secretion mutants. When infiltrated into p

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34

Percival, Glynn, and Ian Haynes. "The Influence of Systemic Inducing Resistance Chemicals for the Control of Oak Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides) Applied as a Therapeutic Treatment." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 5 (2008): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.037.

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A 2 year field trial was conducted using established English oak (Quercus robur L.) to assess the efficacy of four commercially available systemic-inducing resistance (SIR) compounds (salicylic acid, potassium phosphite, harpin protein, betaine) applied as a single therapeutic spray treatment against the foliar pathogen oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides). In addition, a comparative evaluation of a conventional spray program (3 week spray intervals) used within the United Kingdom for powdery mildew control was conducted using the fungicide penconazole. The SIR-inducing compound conta

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35

Khoza, Thembisile, Ian Dubery, and Lizelle Piater. "Identification of Candidate Ergosterol-Responsive Proteins Associated with the Plasma Membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (2019): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061302.

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The impact of fungal diseases on crop production negatively reflects on sustainable food production and overall economic health. Ergosterol is the major sterol component in fungal membranes and regarded as a general elicitor or microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecule. Although plant responses to ergosterol have been reported, the perception mechanism is still unknown. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana protein fractions were used to identify those differentially regulated following ergosterol treatment; additionally, they were subjected to affinity-based chromatography enrichment strategi

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36

Akbudak, N., V. Şeniz, and H. Tezcan. "EFFECT OF HARPIN PROTEIN ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PEPPER GROWN IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 729 (January 2007): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.729.43.

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37

Chuang, Huey-wen, Pou-Yi Chang, and You-yu Syu. "Harpin Protein, an Elicitor of Disease Resistance, Acts as a Growth Promoter in Phalaenopsis Orchids." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 33, no. 4 (2014): 788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-014-9425-1.

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38

Desikan, Radhika, Andrew Clarke, Paul Atherfold, John T. Hancock, and Steven J. Neill. "Harpin induces mitogen-activated protein kinase activity during defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures." Planta 210, no. 1 (1999): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050658.

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39

Bednarz, Craig W., Scott N. Brown, J. Tim Flanders, T. Brian Tankersley, and Steve M. Brown. "Effects of foliar applied harpin protein on cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and crop maturity*." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33, no. 5-6 (2002): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-120003075.

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Lin, Yi-Hsien, Hsiang-En Huang, Yen-Ru Chen, Pei-Luan Liao, Ching-Lian Chen, and Teng-Yung Feng. "C-Terminal Region of Plant Ferredoxin-Like Protein Is Required to Enhance Resistance to Bacterial Disease in Arabidopsis thaliana." Phytopathology® 101, no. 6 (2011): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-10-0220.

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Protein phosphorylation is an important biological process associated with elicitor-induced defense responses in plants. In a previous report, we described how plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP) in transgenic plants enhances resistance to bacterial pathogens associated with the hypersensitive response (HR). PFLP possesses a putative casein kinase II phosphorylation (CK2P) site at the C-terminal in which phosphorylation occurs rapidly during defense response. However, the contribution of this site to the enhancement of disease resistance and the intensity of HR has not been clearly demonstrat

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Li, Yu-Rong, Wen-Xiu Ma, Yi-Zhou Che, et al. "A Highly-Conserved Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein in Xanthomonas Functions as a Harpin-Like Protein to Trigger Plant Immunity." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (2013): e56240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056240.

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Li, Jian-Gang, Jing Cao, Fei-Fei Sun, et al. "Control of Tobacco mosaic virus by PopW as a Result of Induced Resistance in Tobacco Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions." Phytopathology® 101, no. 10 (2011): 1202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-11-0049.

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In a previous study, we isolated a new harpin protein, PopW, from the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum ZJ3721 that can induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, leaves. In the current study, we demonstrate that, in a greenhouse experiment, PopW induced tobacco-acquired resistance against the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with a biocontrol efficacy of 80.9 to 97.4% at a concentration as low as 25 μg/ml in both PopW-treated and neighboring leaves. The resistance induced by PopW is systemic acquired resistance mediated by salicylic acid, which was certified by the development o

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Tarabih, M. E., and E. E. Eleryan. "Biodegradable Mulch Film Technology and Harpin Protein for Quality Enhancement of Anna Apples During Cold Storage." Asian Journal of Crop Science 12, no. 2 (2020): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2020.97.108.

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Wang, Defu, Baoxia Wang, Jiangran Wang, Shuting Wang, Weiyu Wang, and Yanbing Niu. "Exogenous Application of Harpin Protein Hpa1 onto Pinellia ternata Induces Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus." Phytopathology® 110, no. 6 (2020): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-19-0463-r.

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The harpin protein Hpa1 has various beneficial effects in plants, such as promoting plant growth and inducing pathogen resistance. Our previous study found that Hpa1 could significantly alleviate the mosaic symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Pinellia ternata, indicating that Hpa1 can effectively stimulate resistance. Here, the potential mechanism of disease resistance and field applicability of Hpa1 against TMV in P. ternata were further investigated. The results showed that 15 µg ml−1 Hpa1 had stronger antiviral activity than the control, and its protective effect was better than its c

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Li, Rugang, and Yunliu Fan. "Reduction of lesion growth rate of late blight plant disease in transgenic potato expressing harpin protein." Science in China Series C: Life Sciences 42, no. 1 (1999): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02881754.

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Wang, Wei-Chang, and Zin-Huang Liu. "HarpinPSS-induced peroxidase and lignin accumulation in tobacco during the hypersensitive response." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 3 (1999): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98130.

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Harpinpss, a pathogenic protein encoded by hrpZ in the hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, induces the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi). An increase in peroxidase activity, lignin content and salicylic acid was observed during the HR elicited by harpin. The increase in anionic, moderately anionic and cationic peroxidase isozymes is positively correlated with the HR in tobacco. In addition, the increase of the anionic peroxidase isozyme (pI 3.5) is correlated with a rise of the transcript of the encoding gene.

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Fu, Zheng Qing, Ming Guo, and James R. Alfano. "Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ Is a Type III Secreted Protein That Is Required for Plant Pathogenesis, Injection of Effectors, and Secretion of the HrpZ1 Harpin." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 17 (2006): 6060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00718-06.

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ABSTRACT The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae requires a type III protein secretion system (TTSS) to cause disease. The P. syringae TTSS is encoded by the hrp-hrc gene cluster. One of the genes within this cluster, hrpJ, encodes a protein with weak similarity to YopN, a type III secreted protein from the animal pathogenic Yersinia species. Here, we show that HrpJ is secreted in culture and translocated into plant cells by the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 TTSS. A DC3000 hrpJ mutant, UNL140, was greatly reduced in its ability to cause disease symptoms and multiply in Arabidopsis th

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Liu, Ruoxue, Lei Chen, Zhenhua Jia, et al. "Transcription Factor AtMYB44 Regulates Induced Expression of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 Gene in Arabidopsis Responding to a Harpin Protein." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 3 (2011): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-10-0170.

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AtMYB44 is a transcription factor that functions in association with the ethylene-signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The pathway depends on ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), an essential component of ethylene signaling, to regulate defense responses in the plant following treatment with HrpNEa, a harpin protein from a bacterial plant pathogen. Here, we show that AtMYB44 regulates induced expression of the EIN2 gene in HrpNEa-treated Arabidopsis plants. A HrpNEa and ethylene–responsive fragment of the AtMYB44 promoter is sufficient to support coordinate expression of AtMYB44 and EIN2 in spe

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Chen, Lei, Shu-Jian Zhang, Shao-Song Zhang, et al. "A Fragment of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Harpin HpaGXooc Reduces Disease and Increases Yield of Rice in Extensive Grower Plantings." Phytopathology® 98, no. 7 (2008): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-7-0792.

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Harpins of phytopathogenic bacteria stimulate defense and plant growth in many types of plants, conferring disease resistance and enhanced yield. In a previous study, we characterized nine fragments of the harpin protein HpaGXooc from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola for plant defense elicitation and plant growth stimulation activity relative to the intact protein. In plants grown under controlled conditions, the fragment HpaG10-42 was more active in both regards than HpaGXooc. Here, we demonstrate that the activity of HpaG10-42 in rice under field conditions significantly exceeds that of HpaG

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Li, Ping, Liyuan Zhang, Xuyan Mo, et al. "Rice aquaporin PIP1;3 and harpin Hpa1 of bacterial blight pathogen cooperate in a type III effector translocation." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 12 (2019): 3057–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz130.

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AbstractVarieties of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens infect their eukaryotic hosts by deploying the type III translocon to deliver effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells in which effectors execute their pathological functions. The translocon is hypothetically assembled by bacterial translocators in association with the assumed receptors situated on eukaryotic plasma membranes. This hypothesis is partially verified in the present study with genetic, biochemical, and pathological evidence for the role of a rice aquaporin, plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP1;3, in the cytosol

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