Relevant bibliographies by topics / Harsh parenting and encouragement

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Harsh parenting and encouragement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Harsh parenting and encouragement"

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Musher-Eizenman, Dara R., Lynnel Goodman, Lindsey Roberts, Jenna Marx, Maija Taylor, and Debra Hoffmann. "An examination of food parenting practices: structure, control and autonomy promotion." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 5 (2018): 814–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003312.

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AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, researchers have been working towards creating a standard conceptual framework of food parenting. To understand how parents’ reports correspond with the proposed model, the current study examined parents’ reports of their feeding behaviours in the context of a newly established framework of food parenting.DesignCross-sectional, with a two-week follow-up for a subset of the sample. Participants completed a quantitative and qualitative survey to assess food parenting. The survey included items from common food parenting instruments to measure the constructs posited in the framework. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to ascertain which items related most closely to one another and factors were mapped on to existing constructs.SettingOnline.ParticipantsParents of children aged 2·5–7 years (n 496). Of these, 122 completed a two-week follow-up.ResultsAnalyses revealed eleven aspects of Structure (monitoring; distraction; family presence; meal/snack schedule; unstructured practices; healthy/unhealthy food availability; food preparation; healthy/unhealthy modelling; rules), ten aspects of Coercive Control (pressure to eat; using food to control emotions; food incentives to eat; food incentives to behave; non-food incentives to eat; restriction for health/weight; covert restriction; clean plate; harsh coercion) and seven aspects of Autonomy Promotion (praise; encouragement; nutrition education; child involvement; negotiation; responsive feeding; repeated offering). Content validity, assessed via parents’ open-ended explanations of their responses, was high, and test–retest reliability was moderate to high. Structure and Autonomy Promoting food parenting were highly positively correlated.ConclusionsIn general, parents’ responses provided support for the model, but suggested some amendments and refinements.
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Simons, Ronald L., Les B. Whitbeck, Rand D. Conger, and Chyi-in Wu. "Intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting." Developmental Psychology 27, no. 1 (1991): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.159.

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Alsarhi, Khadija, Rahma, Mariëlle J. L. Prevoo, Lenneke R. A. Alink, and Judi Mesman. "Maternal Harsh Physical Parenting and Behavioral Problems in Children in Religious Families in Yemen." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091485.

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The present study examined maternal religiosity as an underlying cultural factor in the effect of harsh physical parenting on child behavioral problems. Data was collected via a discipline observational task, religiosity-based vignettes, and a questionnaire in a group of 62 mothers and their children in slum areas in Yemen. Moderation and mediation models were tested, where the role of maternal religiosity as a predictor and a moderator in the association between harsh physical parenting and child behavioral problems was explored. Findings showed no direct association between harsh physical parenting, maternal religiosity, and child behavioral problems. However, maternal religiosity was found to significantly moderate the relationship between harsh physical parenting and child behavioral problems such that the positive association between harsh physical parenting and child behavior problems was stronger when parents were more religious. Implications of the moderating role of maternal religiosity on the association between harsh physical parenting and child behavioral problems are discussed.
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Wang, Mingzhong, and Jing Wang. "Harsh parenting and children's peer relationships: Testing the indirect effect of child overt aggression as moderated by child impulsivity." School Psychology International 40, no. 4 (2019): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034319844304.

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Although harsh parenting has been found to be a risk factor for poor peer relationships, less is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. Mainly guided by the person-environment interaction model, we tested a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of child overt aggression between harsh parenting and peer acceptance and whether this indirect association was moderated by child impulsivity. Eight hundred and twenty-four Chinese sixth to eighth graders with their parents and classmates were recruited as participants who completed questionnaires on harsh parenting, child impulsivity, child overt aggression and peer acceptance. Results indicated that the negative association between harsh parenting and adolescents' peer acceptance was mediated by child overt aggression. Moreover, the indirect effect of harsh parenting on peer acceptance was much stronger for adolescents with higher impulsivity. These findings suggest that reducing harsh parenting may be a way to reduce child aggression, especially for children with high impulsivity.
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Wiggins, Jillian Lee, Colter Mitchell, Luke W. Hyde, and Christopher S. Monk. "Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: The codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt1 (2015): 1295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414001412.

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AbstractPsychological disorders co-occur often in children, but little has been done to document the types of conjoint pathways internalizing and externalizing symptoms may take from the crucial early period of toddlerhood or how harsh parenting may overlap with early symptom codevelopment. To examine symptom codevelopment trajectories, we identified latent classes of individuals based on internalizing and externalizing symptoms across ages 3–9 and found three symptom codevelopment classes: normative symptoms (low), severe-decreasing symptoms (initially high but rapidly declining), and severe symptoms (high) trajectories. Next, joint models examined how parenting trajectories overlapped with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories. These trajectory classes demonstrated that, normatively, harsh parenting increased after toddlerhood, but the severe symptoms class was characterized by a higher level and a steeper increase in harsh parenting and the severe-decreasing class by high, stable harsh parenting. In addition, a transactional model examined the bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing symptoms and harsh parenting because they may cascade over time in this early period. Harsh parenting uniquely contributed to externalizing symptoms, controlling for internalizing symptoms, but not vice versa. In addition, internalizing symptoms appeared to be a mechanism by which externalizing symptoms increase. Results highlight the importance of accounting for both internalizing and externalizing symptoms from an early age to understand risk for developing psychopathology and the role harsh parenting plays in influencing these trajectories.
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Roubinov, Danielle S., W. Thomas Boyce, and Nicole R. Bush. "Informant-specific reports of peer and teacher relationships buffer the effects of harsh parenting on children's oppositional defiant disorder during kindergarten." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 1 (2018): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001499.

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AbstractHarsh and restrictive parenting are well-established contributors to the development of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children. However, few studies have explored whether interpersonal relationships that develop outside the family environment attenuate the risk for ODD that is associated with harsh parenting. The current study tested multireporter measures of teacher–child closeness and peer acceptance as moderators of the association between harsh parenting and children's ODD as children's social worlds widen during the kindergarten year (N = 338 children, 48% girls, M age = 5.32 years). Harsh parenting interacted with peer nominations of peer acceptance and children's report of teacher–child closeness to predict children's ODD symptoms in the spring, adjusting for fall symptoms. Children exposed to harsh parenting exhibited greater symptom increases when they were less liked/accepted playmates and in the context of lower teacher–child closeness. However, harsh parenting was not associated with symptom change among children with higher levels of peer-nominated acceptance and those who reported closer relationships with teachers. There were no significant interactions using teacher's report of peer acceptance or teacher's report of teacher–child closeness. Findings highlight positive peer and teacher relationships as promising targets of intervention among children exposed to harsh parenting and support the importance of assessing multiple perspectives of children's social functioning.
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Farley, Laura, Bonamy R. Oliver, and Alison Pike. "A Multilevel Approach to Understanding the Determinants of Maternal Harsh Parenting: the Importance of Maternal Age and Perceived Partner Support." Journal of Child and Family Studies 30, no. 8 (2021): 1871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01990-8.

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AbstractDeterminants of parenting are most often considered using one child per family within a cross-sectional design. In 182 families, the current study included two siblings and sought to predict maternal harsh parenting measured prospectively when each child was age 2 years from child gender, infant temperament, maternal age, maternal educational attainment, maternal depression and anxiety and maternal perceptions of partner support. Multilevel modeling was used to examine between- and within-family variance simultaneously. Mothers reported levels of harsh parenting that were similar towards both children (intraclass correlation = 0.69). Thus, the majority of variance in maternal perceptions of their harsh parenting resided between rather than within families and was accounted for in part by maternal age and maternal perceptions of partner support. Results are discussed in relation to family-wide determinants of harsh parenting, previous literature pertaining to parenting siblings and the potential avenues for future research and practice.
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Singh, Nirbhay N. "Preventive parenting with love, encouragement and limits." Journal of Child and Family Studies 5, no. 2 (1996): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02237946.

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Kingsbury, Mila, Ewa Sucha, Ian Manion, Stephen E. Gilman, and Ian Colman. "Adolescent Mental Health Following Exposure to Positive and Harsh Parenting in Childhood." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 65, no. 6 (2019): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719889551.

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Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess longitudinal associations between positive and harsh parenting in childhood and adolescent mental and behavioral difficulties. Methods: Data were drawn from Canada’s population-based National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (data collected from 1994 to 2009, analyzed 2018). The sample included 9,882 adolescents aged 12/13 years old. Parents self-reported positive and harsh parenting when children were 6/7, 8/9, and 10/11 years old. Symptoms of depression/anxiety, hyperactivity, physical aggression, social aggression, and suicidal ideation were self-reported by adolescents at age 12/13. Linear regression was used to examine the associations between parenting behaviors at each age and adolescent psychiatric symptoms, adjusted for children’s baseline symptoms. Results: Harsh parenting at 10/11 was associated with elevated symptoms of early-adolescent physical aggression, social aggression, and suicidal ideation for boys only, and for all children at earlier ages. Beginning at age 8/9, harsh discipline was associated with elevated symptoms of depression/anxiety for boys only. Overall, positive parenting at age 6/7 was protective against depression/anxiety, physical aggression, and social aggression. Significant sex differences emerged beginning at age 8/9, with positive parenting associated with higher symptoms of depression/anxiety for boys only. Positive parenting at age 10/11 was associated with increased depression/anxiety, physical aggression, social aggression, and suicidal ideation among boys, but decreased symptoms of physical aggression, social aggression, and suicidal ideation among girls. Conclusions: Results suggest that the impact of positive and harsh parenting may depend on age and sex, with harsh parenting being more detrimental to boys as they approach adolescence.
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Willoughby, Michael T., Roger Mills-Koonce, Cathi B. Propper, and Daniel A. Waschbusch. "Observed parenting behaviors interact with a polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene to predict the emergence of oppositional defiant and callous–unemotional behaviors at age 3 years." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 4pt1 (2013): 903–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000266.

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AbstractUsing the Durham Child Health and Development Study, this study (N = 171) tested whether observed parenting behaviors in infancy (6 and 12 months) and toddlerhood/preschool (24 and 36 months) interacted with a child polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene to predict oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors at age 3 years. Child genotype interacted with observed harsh and intrusive (but not sensitive) parenting to predict ODD and CU behaviors. Harsh–intrusive parenting was more strongly associated with ODD and CU for children with a methionine allele of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. CU behaviors were uniquely predicted by harsh–intrusive parenting in infancy, whereas ODD behaviors were predicted by harsh–intrusive parenting in both infancy and toddlerhood/preschool. The results are discussed from the perspective of the contributions of caregiving behaviors as contributing to distinct aspects of early onset disruptive behavior.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Harsh parenting and encouragement"

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Alkhalaf, Ahmed. "Harsh parenting and encouragement from parents during childhood : long-term effects on well-being, mental health, and major illness." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/544.

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This thesis examines long-term, negative consequences of various behaviours characteristic of negative parenting styles, specifically verbal maltreatment (insulting children), physical maltreatment (beating or hitting children), and lack of encouragement. Psychological scales were employed to explore the relationship of each of these factors to mental and physical health in adults. As a part of this research, a new questionnaire, the Arabic Parenting Style Questionnaire (APSQ), was developed and compared with existing measures. Seven separate studies were conducted with Saudi Arabian participants in order to investigate the questions put forth in this thesis. To explore the impact of harsh parenting and emotional discouragement, the relationships of these variables to mental and physical health were examined in both non-clinical and clinical samples including both men and women and a broad range of ages (19 to 60 years). Findings indicate that parents’ discouraging their children from expressing thoughts and feelings, and parents’ being verbally and physically harsh towards their children, are both powerful risk factors for a broad array of long-term health outcomes in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Various aspects of the individuals’ childhood relationships with their parents, as measured using the new APSQ, are significantly correlated with the following health- and wellness-related variables in adulthood: quality of life as assessed on the Global Quality of Life Scale (GQLS), health complaints as assessed using the Minor Health Complaints Questionnaire (MHCQ), well-being mood state, life satisfaction as assessed with the Life Satisfaction Scale (SLS), depression, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Borderline Personality Disorder, and specific physical diseases (asthma, cancer, heart disease).
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Pakalniskiene, Vilmante. "Harsh or Inept Parenting, Youth Characteristics and Later Adjustment." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1796.

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Mendez, Marcos D. "Corporal punishment and externalizing behaviors in toddlers: positive and harsh parenting as moderators." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16276.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Family Studies and Human Services<br>Sandra Stith and Jared Durtschi<br>Controversy still exists in whether parents should or should not use corporal punishment to discipline their young children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether corporal punishment when the child was two years old predicted child externalizing behaviors a year later, and whether or not this association was moderated by parents’ observed positivity and harshness towards their child. A total of 218 couples and their first born child were selected for this study from the Family Transition Project (FTP) data set. Findings indicated that frequency of fathers’ corporal punishment when the child was two years old predicted child externalizing behaviors a year later, while controlling for initial levels of child externalizing behavior. Also, it was found that observed positive parenting and observed harsh parenting moderated the relationship between corporal punishment and child externalizing behaviors. These results highlight the importance of continuing to examine the efficacy of a commonly used form of discipline (i.e., corporal punishment). Furthermore, this study suggests that the parental climate in which corporal punishment is used may also be important to consider because parental positivity and harshness attenuate and amplify, respectively, the association of corporal punishment with child externalizing. Implications for family therapy are offered.
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Henderson, Sandra H. "Pathways to Externalizing Behavior: The Effects of Mother's Harsh Parenting and Toddler's Emotional Reactivity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1326.

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Farrar, Jessica. "Life Stress, Maternal Inhibitory Control, and Quality of Parenting Behaviors." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24175.

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Negative life stress and maternal inhibitory control are both critical ingredients involved in the shaping and maintaining of the quality of parenting behaviors. This study explored both how the experience of stressful life events and inhibitory control relate to two particular types of parenting behaviors: harsh/controlling and autonomy-supportive. Given that these two types of parenting have broad implications for children’s developmental trajectories, it is important to further enhance our understanding of the etiological factors that both shape and maintain parenting practices. Utilizing a high-risk sample (i.e. low SES, high presence of documented child maltreatment) of mothers with pre-school aged children, this study did not support the relationship between the experience of stressful life events, maternal inhibitory control and quality of parenting. However, post hoc analyses of life stress using a measure of objective SES did yield a significant link between stress and the presence of autonomy-supportive parenting. This study expands the current understanding of how stress and inhibitory control relate to parenting behaviors. Implications of this study for practice and research are discussed.
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Hart, Kendrea Childers. "Social Information Processing as a Mediator of the Relation between Harsh Parenting and Childhood Aggression." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272006-090446/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesized mediating role of social information processing on the relation between harsh parenting and childhood aggression. Specifically, this study sought to gain a better understanding of the association between parenting and children?s interpretations and mental representation of cues (intent attribution), their ability to generate solutions (response generation), and their solution selection process (response decision) and how these processes, in turn, relate to children?s propensity to behave aggressively. The sample consisted of 166 children and their parents. Approximately half of the children had a substantiated history of physical abuse. It was hypothesized that (a) higher levels of parental harshness would predict higher levels of aggression in children, (b) hostile intent attributions, fewer types of solutions generated, and a higher number of aggressive decisions would predict higher levels of child aggression, and (c) the relationship between parental harshness and aggressive behavior would be mediated by intent attributions, response generation, and response decision. Mediation was assessed using a series of regression analyses. Results revealed that harsh parenting did not significantly predict child aggression, response generation or response decision. Harsh parenting, did however, predict children?s intent attributions. Harsh parenting also predicted response decision when recoded as a dichotomous variable in a post-hoc analysis. Results further revealed that none of the social information processing operations investigated (intent attributions, response generation, and response decision) significantly predicted child aggression. Due to the lack of prediction among variables, mediation could not be assessed. Considerations for interpreting results, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Valles, Nizete-Ly. "The moderating role of child temperament in the relation between harsh and deficient parenting and child aggressive behaviors." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3396.

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Child temperament has been implicated as a possible mediator or moderator of the relation between parenting and child outcomes. However, previous studies have lead to ambiguous interpretation of the results due to methodological problems. Sanson et al., (2004) conducted a review of the relation between temperament and social development and outlined four methodological problems with previous research in the field of temperament, two of which were addressed in the current study. The present study examined the moderating role of the three broad child temperament factors on the relation between three forms of parenting practices, punitive discipline, deficient parenting, and poor parental monitoring and child aggressive behaviors. Using a multimethod and multisource design, parent report, child report, observational data, and behavioral tasks were used to create the construct when possible. The present study also controlled for other factors that have been linked to child aggressive behaviors, specifically, child age and gender, maternal personality, and economic disadvantage. Mother report and child report of the criterion were examined separately using hierarchical regression and full information maximum likelihood estimation in path analyses. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) high levels of child negative affectivity will moderate the relation between harsh/punitive discipline and the development of aggressive behavior problems, 2) a combination of inconsistent discipline and neglect, or deficient parenting, will predict aggressive behaviors in children with high levels of surgency, and 3) that poor parental monitoring will predict aggressive behaviors particularly for children low on effortful control. Results using child report of aggressive behaviors indicated that temperament did not moderate the relationship between parenting practices and aggressive; however, higher use of punitive discipline predicted higher levels of aggressive behaviors. The covariates age and maternal positive emotionality, predicted aggressive behaviors as well, with older children reporting higher rates of aggressive behaviors and higher levels of maternal positive emotionality predicting lower levels of aggressive behaviors in children. Using maternal report of aggressive behaviors, deficient parenting had a main effect on child aggressive behaviors, with higher use of deficient parenting predicted high aggressive behaviors. While temperament did not moderate the relation between parenting and aggressive behaviors using maternal report either, effortful control did have a main effect on aggressive behaviors. That is, higher levels of effortful control predicted lower levels of child aggressive behaviors. As for the parenting variables, only deficient parenting had a direct relation to aggressive behaviors. The covariate maternal negative emotionality also predicted higher levels of mother reported child aggressive behaviors. In summary, although unable to find a moderation effect for temperament, this study found support for harsh punitive discipline and deficient parenting as risk factors of aggressive behaviors in children and found support for effortful control and maternal positive emotionality as protective factors against aggressive behaviors. Results are interpreted in terms of treatment for child aggressive behaviors and the need to examine data from different sources in a non-aggregated manner.
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Benson, Kari. "The Degree to Which Cognitions and Knowledge Contribute to the Relationships between Maternal ADHD Symptoms and Lax and Harsh Parenting." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1628598267390321.

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Leavitt, Chelom Eastwood. "Parenting Dimensions and Adolescent Sharing and Concealment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2574.

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Given potential risk factors in the lives of adolescents, parents are usually motivated to monitor and protect their adolescents. There is a need to better understand what combinations of parental dimensions and practice best influence an adolescent's propensity to disclose or conceal personal information with their parents. This paper examines how parenting dimensions (warmth, psychological control, and harsh punishment) and the parenting practice of solicitation influence an adolescent's propensity to disclose or conceal information. Adolescents in 106 families (53 females; predominantly Caucasian) reported on their mothers' and fathers' parenting dimensions as well as their parents' effort to solicit information. Factor analysis was conducted on the measure typically used for disclosure to test whether the items measured only disclosure or if two distinct adolescent outcomes of disclosure and concealment were more appropriate. Results supported our contention that disclosure and concealment might be considered separately. Other results indicated a positive association between adolescents' disclosure and the positive parenting dimension warmth and parental solicitation. There was a negative association between disclosure and harsh punishment in the father-son dyad. Psychological control was positively associated with concealment for both adolescent boys and girls. With a few exceptions, same gendered dyads (father-son, mother-daughter) showed the most associations between parenting dimensions and practices and disclosure or concealment.
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Callahan, Kristin. "The Direct and Interactive Effects of Neighborhood Risk and Harsh Parenting on Childhood Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/364.

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The present study investigated the direct and interactional effects of neighborhood disadvantage and harsh parenting on concurrent assessments and change in externalizing and internalizing behavior in toddlerhood. The study included 55 mothers and their children; families completed in-home assessments when children were 2 and 3 years of age. Mothers' reports were used to measure neighborhood disadvantage and children's problem behaviors. Observer ratings derived from a clean up task were used to measure harsh parenting. Four hierarchical regression equations were computed to test each study hypothesis. Results indicated marginally significant effects of harsh parenting on externalizing problems at age 2. Surprisingly, harsh parenting and exposure to neighborhood risk did not significantly predict increases in externalizing behavior problems from age 2 to 3. Harsh parenting was marginally related to children's internalizing problems under conditions of high levels of neighborhood disadvantage and predicted increases in internalizing over time. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Harsh parenting and encouragement"

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Parenting solutions: Encouragement for everyday parenting concerns. Paragon House, 2009.

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1953-, Patterson Scot G., and Dishion Thomas J. 1954-, eds. Parenting young children with love, encouragement, and limits. Research Press, 2005.

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Home with a heart: Encouragement for families. Tyndale House Publishers, 1996.

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Hopeful parenting: Encouragement for raising kids who love God. 2nd ed. David C. Cook, 2008.

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Dishion, Thomas J. Preventive parenting with love, encouragement, and limits: The preschool years. Castalia Pub. Co., 1996.

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Upper Room Education for Parenting (Organization), ed. Caution, I brake for plastic bags: Real-life encouragement for parents and families. Upper Room Education for Parenting, 1994.

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Bringing up girls: Practical advice and encouragement for those shaping the next generation of women. Tyndale House Publishers, 2010.

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Watts, Dorothy Eaton. When your child turns from God: Help and encouragement for parents of prodigals. Review and Herald Pub. Association, 1996.

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Carlson, Melody. Lost boys and the moms who love them: Encouragement and hope for dealing with your wayward son. Waterbrook Press, 2002.

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Dobson, James C. Bringing up girls: Practical advice and encouragement for those shaping the next generation of women. Tyndale House Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Harsh parenting and encouragement"

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Simons, Ronald L., Les B. Whitbeck, Janet N. Melby, and Chyi-In Wu. "Economic Pressure and Harsh Parenting." In Families in Troubled Times. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003058809-14.

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"Authoritative Parenting and the Encouragement of Children’s Autonomy." In The Family Context of Parenting in Children's Adaptation to Elementary School. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410612885-14.

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Rettew, David. "Sparing the Rod (and the Chair?)." In Parenting Made Complicated. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197550977.003.0010.

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Corporal punishment is illegal in many countries yet remains a core disciplinary practice in countless American families. The current debate often finds itself drawn along political lines, despite a fairly vast literature that finds little to support spanking. A lack of short-term effectiveness coupled with evidence that corporeal punishment leads to worse child behavior has led most child experts to discourage parents from using it. Indeed, some have even moved to condemn what were considered less harsh techniques like time-outs, although here the evidence is weaker. Lacking in many of these arguments is the consideration of several “it depends” factors that may be playing an important role in the degree that corporeal punishment results in resentment and feelings of rejection on the part of the child.
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Brank, Eve M. "Parenthood and Other Caregiving." In The Psychology of Family Law. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479865413.003.0006.

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Despite how difficult it is to be a parent, people still chose to take on the task of parenting. Beyond the general evolutionary and biological reasons to bear children, cognitive biases could be at play and serving as encouragement for entering into parenthood. Such cognitive biases include affective forecasting, cognitive dissonance, and the burden of choice. All parenting is difficult, but modern parenting comes with special difficulties such as the financial burdens and conflicting research and public opinion concerning parenting styles. Additionally, parenting brings about a unique legal status that has implications for employment, criminal and civil parental responsibility, other caregiving involvement, and educational requirements.
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Kolko, David J., and Eric M. Vernberg. "Basic Parenting Skills: Building Positive Parent-Child Relationships." In Assessment and Intervention with Children and Adolescents Who Misuse Fire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190261191.003.0008.

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The chapter prepares clinician for a discussion with parents about their monitoring, supervision, and discipline practices. It provides instructional scripts for teaching planned ignoring and positive reinforcement, how and when to use consequences and rewards, and suggestions for one-on-one time and encouragement from the parent. Useful sections include using specific rewards, types of rewards, using effective instructions, and using “when-then” statements. The chapter makes use of forms provided in appendix C, which are useful tools to assist parents. The forms to support practice use cover treatment plan and goals, a how to relax in a few minutes handout, problem behaviors and possible consequences, suggestions for giving positive feedback and approval, how to use effective instructions, and more.
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Dubow, Eric F., Lynne C. Goodman, Paul Boxer, et al. "Effects of Political Violence Exposure on the Family and Parenting Environment." In Handbook of Political Violence and Children. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0006.

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Political violence and armed conflict are a worldwide problem that exposes families to extreme acts of violence, disrupts community and family economic conditions, compromises family functioning and parenting behaviors, and has deleterious effects on children’s development. In this chapter, we describe two overarching, complementary theoretical frameworks that can explain how exposure to political violence affects family functioning: Bronfenbrenner’s model of hierarchically nested ecological ecosystems and a related model within developmental psychology, the family stress model. Using data from our Palestinian-Israeli exposure to violence study, a prospective study of 1,501 Palestinian and Israeli families, we examine a mediational model showing that the family’s exposure to ethnic-political violence predicts negative family functioning (parental depressive symptoms and marital aggression), which in turn predicts subsequent harsh physical punishment toward one’s children.
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Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea, Kelly O’Brien, and Christina M. Danko. "Module 3: Maintaining a Consistent Schedule and Time Management." In Supporting Caregivers of Children with ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190940119.003.0004.

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Abstract:
In Module 3, parents learn to develop and maintain a consistent household schedule and daily routines for their child and themselves. All children benefit from consistency, but children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be especially reactive when their environment is unpredictable or chaotic. External structure can scaffold the child with ADHD’s own sense of organization. In many families, parents of children with ADHD struggle with executive function or attention difficulties themselves. Teaching parents to implement a consistent daily schedule and to more effectively manage their time can reduce the parental stress that can contribute to harsh or negative parenting and poor parent–child relationship. In this module, you will work with parents on the basics of scheduling and time management, with the goal of creating a more organized and harmonious household.
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Reports on the topic "Harsh parenting and encouragement"

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‘Cool Little Kids’ helps reduce later anxiety symptoms but not broader internalising problems. ACAMH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.14670.

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Children with a shy/inhibited temperament are at risk of developing internalising problems later in life.1 Unfortunately, the responses to such behaviours by some parents — such as overprotective or harsh parenting — can add to this risk.
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