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1
Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, C. A. Ackerley, and A. E. Ashford. "Ontogeny of Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae. II. Transmission electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-265.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were synthesized in growth pouches, and ultrastructural features of the two symbionts were documented during ontogeny. In the root cap – meristem zone, fungal hyphae envelop the root cap and penetrate between root cap cells. These fungal hyphae have numerous organelles and nuclei, some of which are in mitosis. The inner mantle hyphae in this zone and in the pre-Hartig net zone are heterogeneous in cytoplasmic content and are separated from the epidermis by an electron-dense layer. In the young Hartig net zone, hyphae penetrate between epidermal cells which contain electron-dense vacuolar deposits. In this zone and in the older Hartig net zone, hyphae do not penetrate beyond the epidermis and therefore a paraepidermal Hartig net is formed. The outer cortical layer develops as a hypodermis with suberized cell walls. The root–fungus interface consists of Hartig net hyphae which form a labyrinthine wall system and epidermal cells which are enlarged radially and contain electron-dense vacuolar deposits.
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Drekić, Milan, Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, Branislav Kovačević, Marina Milović, Andrej Pilipović, and Verica Vasić. "Sessile oak fauna of cynipid gall wasps of Mt Fruška gora." Topola, no. 206 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/topola2005059d.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents investigation of sessile oak cynipid gall wasps fauna of Mt Fruška Gora. Gall wasps are insects, from the family Cynipidae, that induces galls mainly on oaks. Complex of sessile oak cynipid gall wasps were investigated during 4-year period (2016 - 2019). The survey was carried out on five sites: Kraljeve stolice, Spomenik, Brankovac, Ležimir and Rohalj baze. At total, number of seventeen cynipid gall wasps species were identified: Andricus aries (Girauld, 1859), Andricus caliciformis (Giraud, 1859), Andricus coriarius (Hartig, 1843), Andricus curvator (Hartig, 1840), Andricus dentimitratus (Rejto, 1887), Andricus glutinosus (Giraud, 1859), Andricus kollari (Hartig, 1843), Andricus lignicolus (Hartig,1840), Andricus lucidus (Hartig, 1843), Andricus solitarius (Fonscolombe, 1832), Cynips quercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758), Cynips quercus (Fourcroy, 1785), Biorhiza pallida (Oliver, 1791), Neuroterus albipes (Schenck, 1863), Neuroterus anthracinus (Curtis, 1838), Neuroterus numismalis (Fourcroy, 1785) and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Linnaeus, 1758). Gall wasp A. dentimitratus is first record for Serbia. The most frequent species were A. lignicolus and A. glutinosus, which were found on all five observed sites.
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Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Jesús Selfa, María Victoria Seco-Fernández, and Juli Pujade-Villar. "Two new records of Alloxysta (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae) from Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 42, no. 1 (July 30, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v42i1.6676.
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The Charipinae from Colombia has been recently studied. Nine Charipinae species are known to be present in this country: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838), Alloxysta hansoni Pujade-Villar, 2011, Alloxysta obscurata (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta medinae Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2012, Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta torresi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2012 and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841). Here more Charipinae material has been studied from collections made with Malaise traps by the Humboldt Institute in several places of Colombia. In this study, two species are recorded for the first time from Colombia: Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883) and Alloxysta xanthopa (Thomson, 1862). Data of the capture of the specimens are given.
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Massicotte, H. B., C. A. Ackerley, and R. L. Peterson. "Ontogeny of Alnus rubra – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae. II. Transmission electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-028.
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Ultrastructural features of the two symbionts in ectomycorrhizae formed between Alnus rubra and Alpova diplophloeus change with developmental stage. In the root cap – meristem zone, hyphae penetrate between vacuolated root cap cells and become appressed to epidermal cells containing small vacuoles, plastids with starch, numerous Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. In the young Hartig net zone, hyphae with few vacuoles penetrate between vacuolated epidermal cells that still contain numerous Golgi bodies but now have plastids with small starch grains. Hartig net hyphae begin to branch and eventually form a complex branching system in the mature Hartig net zone. Hartig net hyphae in the basal portion of the ectomycorrhizae synthesize lipid and finally become vacuolated.
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Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Jesus Selfa, and Juli Pujade-Villar. "Charipinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) present in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wroclaw, with an identification key for Polish species." Polish Journal of Entomology 1, no. 89 (March 30, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0297.
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Charipinae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) deposited in the Museum of Natural History of Wroclaw University (Poland) have been studied. Seven species are recorded for the first time from Poland: Alloxysta brachyptera (Hartig, 1840), A. castanea (Hartig, 1841), A. citripes (Thomson, 1862), A. consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838), A. mullensis (Cameron, 1883), A. nottoni Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2015 and Phaenoglyphis heterocera (Hartig, 1841). The presence of previously recorded species is confirmed and new records are specified. A key to all Charipinae species ever recorded in Poland is given.
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Massicotte, H. B., C. A. Ackerley, and R. L. Peterson. "The root–fungus interface as an indicator of symbiont interaction in ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-134.
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Seedlings of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh, Alnusrubra Bong., Eucalyptuspilularis Sm., and Betulaalleghaniensis Britt. were grown in plastic pouches and subsequently inoculated with Alpovadiplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith (two different strains), Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and Laccariabicolor (R. Mre) Orton, respectively, to form ectomycorrhizae insitu. Alnus seedlings were inoculated with Frankia prior to inoculation with the mycosymbiont. The interface established between A. crispa and A. diplophloeus was complex, involving wall ingrowth formation in root epidermal cells and infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. Alnusrubra – A. diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae had an interface lacking epidermal cell wall ingrowths but with infoldings in Hartig net hyphae. The interface between E. pilularis –. tinctorius consisted of branching Hartig net hyphae between radially enlarged epidermal cells lacking wall ingrowths. Ectomycorrhizae between B. alleghaniensis and L. bicolor developed unique interfaces with radially enlarged epidermal cells near the apical meristem, which synthesized dense vacuolar deposits. Very fine branchings occurred in Hartig net hyphae.
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Prous, Marko, Katja Kramp, Veli Vikberg, and Andrew Liston. "North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59 (September 1, 2017): 1–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12565.
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North-Western Palaearctic species ofPristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new:P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous,sp. n.from Finland andP.dedearaListon & Prous,sp. n.from Germany. Host plant ofP.caraganaeisCaraganaarborescensLam.Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) andP.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe.NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [=Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.],N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [=Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], andN.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [=E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.] are removed from synonymy withP.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808),N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [=P.paralella(Hartig, 1840),comb. n.] is removed from synonymy withP.bufo(Brischke, 1883), andP.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy withP.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed:P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.albitibia(Costa, 1859);LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006,syn. n.withP.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837);NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840,syn. nwithP.carinata(Hartig, 1837);P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.cinctaNewman, 1837;TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838,syn. n.,NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882,syn. n., andP.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953,syn. n.withP.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871);P.atrataLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.friesei(Konow, 1904);P.gelidaWong, 1968,syn. n.withP.frigida(Boheman, 1865);PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931,syn. n.withP.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988,syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001,syn. n.withP.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837);MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959,syn. n.,PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970,syn. n.,PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974,syn. n., andP.mongololaricisHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952);NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876,syn. n.,P.inocreataKonow, 1902,syn. n., andP.discolorLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847);LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955,syn. n.withP.paralella(Hartig, 1840);LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952);P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.,P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002,syn. n.,P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002,syn. n., andP.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871);P.listoniLacourt, 1998,syn. n.withP.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955;P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968,syn. n.withP.testacea(Jurine, 1807); andNematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847,syn. n.withEuuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 isNematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001)comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to thecarinata(previouslyLygaeotus),micronematica(previouslyLygaeophora), andrufipes(also known asthalictrioraquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny ofPristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of thecarinata,micronematica, andrufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).
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Prous, Marko, Katja Kramp, Veli Vikberg, and Andrew Liston. "North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59 (September 1, 2017): 1–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12656.
Full textAbstract:
North-Western Palaearctic species ofPristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new:P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous,sp. n.from Finland andP.dedearaListon & Prous,sp. n.from Germany. Host plant ofP.caraganaeisCaraganaarborescensLam.Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) andP.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe.NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [=Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.],N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [=Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], andN.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [=E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.] are removed from synonymy withP.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808),N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [=P.paralella(Hartig, 1840),comb. n.] is removed from synonymy withP.bufo(Brischke, 1883), andP.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy withP.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed:P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.albitibia(Costa, 1859);LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006,syn. n.withP.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837);NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840,syn. nwithP.carinata(Hartig, 1837);P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.cinctaNewman, 1837;TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838,syn. n.,NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882,syn. n., andP.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953,syn. n.withP.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871);P.atrataLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.friesei(Konow, 1904);P.gelidaWong, 1968,syn. n.withP.frigida(Boheman, 1865);PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931,syn. n.withP.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988,syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001,syn. n.withP.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837);MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959,syn. n.,PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970,syn. n.,PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974,syn. n., andP.mongololaricisHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952);NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876,syn. n.,P.inocreataKonow, 1902,syn. n., andP.discolorLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847);LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955,syn. n.withP.paralella(Hartig, 1840);LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952);P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.,P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002,syn. n.,P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002,syn. n., andP.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871);P.listoniLacourt, 1998,syn. n.withP.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955;P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968,syn. n.withP.testacea(Jurine, 1807); andNematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847,syn. n.withEuuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 isNematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001)comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to thecarinata(previouslyLygaeotus),micronematica(previouslyLygaeophora), andrufipes(also known asthalictrioraquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny ofPristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of thecarinata,micronematica, andrufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).
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Liston, Andrew D. "Revision of Stauronematus Benson, 1953 and additions to the sawfly fauna of Corsica and Sardinia (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 57, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.57.1.135-150.
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Cladius pallipes Serville, 1823 ist ein neues Synonym von Tenthredo compressicornis Fabricius, 1804. Der gültige Name für die Art, die bisher als Stauronematus compressicornis (F.) bekannt war, ist Stauronematus platycerus (Hartig, 1840) comb. nov. Der gültige Name von Cladius (Priophorus) pallipes Serville ist Cladius (Priophorus) compressicornis (F.) comb. nov. Als Gattungstypus von Stauronema Benson, 1948 (präokkupiert) und ihr Ersatzname Stauronematus Benson, 1953 wird hier Nematus platycerus Hartig, 1840 festgelegt. Stauronematus saliciphilus sp. n. (Wirtspflanze Salix atrocinerea) wird als zweite Art der Gattung von Korsika und Sardinien beschrieben und mit S. platycerus (Wirtspflanzen Populus-Arten) verglichen. Lectotypen werden für Tenthredo compressicornis Fabricius, Nematus platycerus Hartig und Nematus callicerus Thomson, 1863 designiert. Entgegen Literaturangaben, ist Stauronematus nicht holarktisch verbreitet. Drei Tenthredinidae-Arten werden erstmalig für Korsika nachgewiesen. Sechs sind neu für Sardinien. Die wichtige Rolle, welche Salix-Arten für die Diversität der Blattwespenfauna in Korsika und Sardinien spielen, wird unterstrichen.StichwörterTaxonomy, distribution, Stauronematus, Cladius, Corsica, Sardinia, Salix.Nomenklatorische Handlungenpallipes Lepeletier, 1823 (Cladius), syn. n. of Cladius (Priophorus) compressicornis (Fabricius, 1804)pallipes Serville, 1823 (Cladius), syn. n. of Cladius (Priophorus) compressicornis (Fabricius, 1804)compressicornis (Fabricius, 1804) (Cladius (Priophorus)), Lectotype; comb. n. hitherto Tenthredo compressicorniscallicerus Thomson, 1863 (Nematus), Lectotype now a synonym of Stauronematus platycerus (Hartig, 1840)platycerus (Hartig, 1840) (Stauronematus), Lectotype; comb. n. hitherto Nematus platycerussaliciphilus Liston, 2007 (Stauronematus), spec. n.
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DUAN, CHUN-HUA, TAO LI, HAI-WEI WU, and MAO-LING SHENG. "A new species of genus Endasys Förster (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) parasitizing Pristiphora (Tenthredinidae) and a key to species from China." Zootaxa 4743, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.1.9.
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A new species of Cryptinae, Endasys pristiphorae Sheng, sp.n. reared from cocoons of the tenthredinid sawflies Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), P. xibei Wei & Xia and P. (Stauronematus) compresicornis (Hartig) in Ningxia, Shandong and Shan’xi, China, is described and illustrated. A key to species of Endasys known from China is provided.
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Scales, Pamela F., and R. L. Peterson. "Structure of ectomycorrhizae formed by Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae with Picea mariana and Betula alleghaniensis." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-269.
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The structure of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between the E-strain fungus, Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae and two tree species, Picea mariana and Betula alleghaniensis, was characterized by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For both mycorrhizal types, mantle formation was visible on lateral roots within 10 days of inoculation. Picea mariana ectomycorrhizae had a very thin mantle whereas B. alleghaniensis ectomycorrhizae had a mantle consisting of several layers. For both mycorrhizal types, the innermost mantle hyphae were embedded in a considerable amount of mucigel on the root surface. A well-developed Hartig net with labyrinthic growth occurred in both types of mycorrhizae. Betula alleghaniensis ectomycorrhizae had a paraepidermal Hartig net, and the root epidermal cells were radially elongate at an oblique angle. The Hartig net of P. mariana ectomycorrhizae penetrated the epidermis and all layers of the cortex. The cytoplasmic density of the intercellular hyphae was greatest towards the root apex. Ectomycorrhizal associations formed by E-strain fungi were similar to ectomycorrhizae formed by other fungi. Key words: E-strain, ectomycorrhizae, Wilcoxina, Picea, Betula, Hartig net.
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Gauthier, Florence. "Aglaïa i. Hartig (1941-1999)." Annales historiques de la Révolution française, no. 323 (March 1, 2001): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.1831.
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Wong, Ken K. Y., Yves Piché, Diane Montpetit, and Bradley R. Kropp. "Differences in the colonization of Pinus banksiana roots by sib-monokaryotic and dikaryotic strains of ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-218.
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First-order laterals of Pinus banksiana seedlings were inoculated with variant strains of ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor in an aseptic culture system. Macroscopic observations of 10 fungal strains indicated that 6 are mycorrhizal and 4 are apparently nonmycorrhizal. Furthermore, light microscopic examinations revealed significant intraspecific variation in mycorrhizal structures. The mean mantle thickness, mean mantle density, and mean Hartig net penetration of the six mycorrhizal strains ranged from 2.5 to 13.4 hyphae, 278 to 411 hyphae/mm and 2 to 2.8 root cell layers, respectively. Three of these strains formed fewer macroscopically observable mycorrhizae and developed significantly thinner mantles but their Hartig nets usually separated cortical cells more extensively. Three of the four apparently nonmycorrhizal strains showed infrequent and poor Hartig net development (mean penetration of 0.3 to 0.8 root cell layer), poor surface colonization, and no mantle development. These three strains were better able to colonize long roots. Only one strain could be considered truly nonmycorrhizal because it only colonized root surfaces poorly and never showed mantle or Hartig net formation. The observed intraspecific variability raises questions concerning the determinants of mycorrhiza development and structure.
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Riniarti, Melya, Irdika Mansur, Arum Sekar Wulandari, and Cecep Kusmana. "KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon." PERENNIAL 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v6i1.192.
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Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma
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Brunner, I. L., F. Brunner, and O. K. Miller Jr. "Ectomycorrhizal synthesis with Alaskan Alnus tenuifolia." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-101.
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The ability of Alnus tenuifolia to form ectomycorrhizae with potential ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Alnus tenuifolia seedlings raised in growth pouches were inoculated with Frankia to induce nodulation and then with a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. The fungi used were collected in nearly pure A. tenuifolia stands in Alaska or were found in Alnus nepalensis stands in Nepal. Five species of putative ectomycorrhizal symbionts of alders were tested. Alpova diplophloeus and Paxillus filamentosus formed both mantle and Hartig net. Cortinarius cf. saturninus developed a mantle but no Hartig net. Hebeloma cf. crustuliniforme and Gyrodon lividus developed neither mantle nor Hartig net. This is the first report of synthesis of P. filamentosus and C. cf. saturninus with Alnus. The ectomycorrhizal status of the genus Gyrodon is discussed, since in vitro synthesis has not yet been demonstrated. Synthesis with A. diplophloeus and H. crustuliniforme did not result in ectomycorrhizal formations with nonnodulated alder seedlings.
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Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Jesús Selfa, and Juli Pujade-Villar. "The Alloxysta (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae) type material in the United States National Museum of Natural History and the Canadian National Collection of Insects." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 6 (October 14, 2013): 603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.52.
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AbstractAlloxysta Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) type material of 19 nominal species deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) and the United States National Museum of Natural History (Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America) were studied. Nine species are treated as valid: A. australiae (Ashmead, 1900), A. commensuratus Andrews, 1978, A. japonicus (Ashmead, 1904), A. lachni (Ashmead, 1885), A. longiventris Baker, 1896, A. minuscula Andrews, 1978, A. nothofagi Andrews, 1976, A. vandenboschi Andrews, 1978, and A. xanthopsis (Ashmead, 1896). The following synonymies are established: A. affinis (Baker, 1896) and A. quebeci Andrews, 1978 junior synonyms of A. castanea (Hartig, 1841); A. alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 and A. coniferensis Andrews, 1978 junior synonyms of A. macrophadna (Hartig, 1841); A. bicolor (Baker, 1896) and A. anthracina Andrews, 1978 junior synonyms of A. obscurata (Hartig, 1840); A. dicksoni Andrews, 1978 junior synonym of A. pilipennis (Hartig, 1840); and A. leguminosa (Weld, 1920), A. megourae (Ashmead, 1887), and A. rauchi Andrews, 1978 junior synonyms of A. brevis (Thomson, 1862). The type material of A. schlingeri Andrews, 1978 and A. halli Andrews, 1978 could not be found and we consider them as nomina dubia. Alloxysta vandenboschi Andrews is removed from synonymy with A. obscurata and considered a valid species. Comments on the type material are given. Complete redescriptions and images are presented for the valid species.
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Scales, Pamela F., and R. L. Peterson. "Structure and development of Pinus banksiana – Wilcoxina ectendomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-268.
Full textAbstract:
Seedlings of Pinus banksiana were grown in growth pouches and inoculated with Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae, Wilcoxina mikolae var. tetraspora, and Wilcoxina rehmii. Ectendomycorrhizae formed between P. banksiana and W. mikolae var. mikolae developed rapidly following inoculation. The mantle was of variable width, and a large amount of mucigel was evident on the root surface. Intracellular penetration of the cortical cells by hyphae occurred one to two cells distal to Hartig net formation. Both light and transmission electron microscopy revealed labyrinthic growth of Hartig net hyphae that were densely cytoplasmic during early penetration stages but became vacuolate as the association aged. Intracellular colonization of the cortex was extensive, with the hyphae highly branched and surrounded by an interfacial matrix and cortical cell plasma membrane. The external morphology and anatomy of ectendomycorrhizae formed between W. mikolae var. tetraspora and W. rehmii and P. banksiana were similar to those described for W. mikolae var. mikolae. Key words: ectendomycorrhizae, Wilcoxina, Pinus banksiana, intracellular, Hartig net, E-strain.
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Banach, J., and K. Lenowiecki. "The occurrence of insect pests on pedunculate oak tested on the Chrostowa II experimental plot." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 9 (September 13, 2011): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/90/2010-jfs.
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The present paper is about the provenance and family diversity of insect occurrence on the offspring of 58 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees representing 5 populations from the Polish range of species. Researches were conducted on the Chrostowa II test plot, located in the Brzesko Forest District (southern Poland). Differences in symptoms of trees inhabitation by Andricus kollari (Hartig, 1843) ♀♀, Andricus lignicolus (Hartig, 1840) ♀♀, Andricus foecundatrix (Hartig, 1840) ♀♀, Biorrhiza pallida (Olivier, 1791) ♀♂, Andricus inflator (Hartig, 1840) ♀♂, Andricus conglomeratus (Giraud, 1859) ♀♀, Andricus quercusradicis (Fabricius, 1798) ♀♀, and Lachnus roboris (Linnaeus, 1758) were evaluated. Approximately 45% of oaks grown at the test site were damaged. The majority of trees were inhabited by A. kollari (35.7%) while the lowest number of trees was inhabited by A. inflator, A. conglomeratus and A. quercusradicis (0.1%). Analysis of variance showed that certain species prefer the offspring of certain provenances. Also a high diversity among families within provenances was found. The effect of the family and provenance was statistically significant on oaks with galls caused by A. kollari, A. foecundatrix and B. pallida share. High heritability values were obtained for A. kollari on the population and family level (0.86 and 0.70 respectively) and for the rest of the species only on the provenance level. The presence of L. roboris was greatly influenced rather by environmental than genetic factors, also being characterized by low heritability values.
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Kuga-Uetake, Yukari, Melissa Purich, Hugues B. Massicotte, and R. Larry Peterson. "Host microtubules in the Hartig net region of ectomycorrhizas, ectendomycorrhizas, and monotropoid mycorrhizas." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-085.
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Various categories of mycorrhizas are recognized primarily by the structural changes that occur between fungi and roots. In all mycorrhiza categories, cytological modifications of root cells accompany the establishment of the functional symbiosis, and among these are alterations in the organization of the cytoskeleton. Using immuno labelling combined with confocal scanning laser microscopy, this study documents changes in microtubules (MTs) in root cells of ectendomycorrhizas and monotropoid mycorrhizas; in addition, ectomycorrhizas were reinvestigated to determine the effect of fungal colonization on host root cells. In Pinus banksiana L. Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton ectomycorrhizas, MTs were present in epidermal and cortical cells adjacent to the Hartig net. The remaining cortical MTs had a different organization when compared with those of cortical cells of control roots. MTs were present in Hartig net hyphae. In ectendomycorrhizas formed when roots of P. banksiana were colonized by the ascomycete, Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae Yang & Korf, MTs were present adjacent to intracellular hyphae and host nuclei, but few cortical MTs were present. MTs were present within Hartig net and intracellular hyphae. In field-collected roots of Monotropa uniflora L., MTs were associated with fungal pegs, intracellular extensions of inner mantle hyphae within epidermal cells. The close association between MTs and fungal pegs may be related to the formation of the highly branched host-derived wall that envelops each fungal peg. The development of exchange interfaces in the three systems studied involve changes in the organization of microtubules.Key words: cytoskeleton, microtubules, Hartig net, mycorrhizas, immunolocalization, confocal microscopy.
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Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. "Revision of C. G. Thomson's nominal species of Aylacini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 25, no. 2 (1994): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631294x00270.
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AbstractThe 13 nominal species described by C. G. Thomson in Aulax Hartig (= Aylax Hartig) in 1877 are reviewed and lectotypes designated. Redescriptions are given of four of the six currently valid species. Timaspis luteipes (Thomson) and T. pilicornis (Thomson) are new combinations. The following new synonymies are proposed: Aulax artemisiae Thomson, A. crassinervis Thomson and A. foveigera Thomson = Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834); Aulax punctipleuris Thomson = Phanacis centaureae Förster, 1860; Timaspis papaveris Kieffer in Goury & Gignon, 1905 = Timaspis luteipes (Thomson); Aulax abbreviatus Thomson and A. foveicollis Thomson = Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius in De Geer, 1873); Aulax rugiscuta Thomson = Andricus quercusradicis (Fabricius, 1798).
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Hartig Danielsen, Jens. "Velkommen til Lissabon." Udenrigs, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/udenrigs.v0i4.119337.
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Le Quéré, Antoine, Derek P. Wright, Bengt Söderström, Anders Tunlid, and Tomas Johansson. "Global Patterns of Gene Regulation Associated with the Development of Ectomycorrhiza Between Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 7 (July 2005): 659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0659.
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The formation of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tissue is characterized by distinct morphological and developmental stages, such as preinfection and adhesion, mantle, and Hartig net formation. The global pattern of gene expression during these stages in the birch (Betula pendula)-Paxillus involutus ECM association was analyzed using cDNA microarrays. In comparison with nonsymbiotic conditions, 251 fungal (from a total of 1,075) and 138 plant (1,074 in total) genes were found to be differentially regulated during the ECM development. For instance, during mantle and Hartig net development, there were several plant genes upregulated that are normally involved in defense responses during pathogenic fungal challenges. These responses were, at later stages of ECM development, found to be repressed. Other birch genes that showed differential regulation involved several homologs that usually are implicated in water permeability (aquaporins) and water stress tolerance (dehydrins). Among fungal genes differentially upregulated during stages of mantle and Hartig net formation were homologs putatively involved in mitochondrial respiration. In fully developed ECM tissue, there was an upregulation of fungal genes related to protein synthesis and the cytoskeleton assembly machinery. This study highlights complex molecular interactions between two symbionts during the development of an ECM association.
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Krause, Katrin, Catarina Henke, Theodore Asiimwe, Andrea Ulbricht, Sandra Klemmer, Doreen Schachtschabel, Wilhelm Boland, and Erika Kothe. "Biosynthesis and Secretion of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Its Morphological Effects on Tricholoma vaccinum-Spruce Ectomycorrhiza." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 20 (July 31, 2015): 7003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01991-15.
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ABSTRACTFungus-derived indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is involved in development of ectomycorrhiza, affects both partners, i.e., the tree and the fungus. The biosynthesis pathway, excretion from fungal hyphae, the induction of branching in fungal cultures, and enhanced Hartig net formation in mycorrhiza were shown. Gene expression studies, incorporation of labeled compounds into IAA, heterologous expression of a transporter, and bioinformatics were applied to study the effect of IAA on fungal morphogenesis and on ectomycorrhiza.Tricholoma vaccinumproduces IAA from tryptophan via indole-3-pyruvate, with the last step of this biosynthetic pathway being catalyzed by an aldehyde dehydrogenase. The geneald1was found to be highly expressed in ectomycorrhiza and induced by indole-3-acetaldehyde. The export of IAA from fungal cells is supported by the multidrug and toxic extrusion (MATE) transporter Mte1 found inT. vaccinum. The addition of IAA and its precursors induced elongated cells and hyphal ramification of mycorrhizal fungi; in contrast, in saprobic fungi such asSchizophyllum commune, IAA did not induce morphogenetic changes. Mycorrhiza responded by increasing its Hartig net formation. The IAA of fungal origin acts as a diffusible signal, influencing root colonization and increasing Hartig net formation in ectomycorrhiza.
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Carver, M. "Alloxystinae (Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea : Charipidae) in Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 3 (1992): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920769.
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Five species of alloxystine hyperparasites of aphids are herein recognised from Australia, namely Alloxysta australiae (Ashmead), A. darci (Girault), A. fuscicornis (Hartig), A. carinata, sp. nov. and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig). Hypodiranchis aphidae Froggatt is synonymised with A. fuscicornis, and Glyptoxysta bifoveata Girault with P. villosa. A key is given to the species. A. fuscicornis is the common hyperparasite of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), the cabbage aphid; A. australiae and P. villosa are polyphagous parasites of Aphidiinae in Aphididae; and A. darci is a polyphagous parasite of Aphelinus spp. in Aphidinae. The hosts of A. carinata are unknown. Other aspects of the biology and host relations of the Alloxystinae, where known, are discussed.
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LISTON, ANDREW D., ERIK HEIBO, MARKO PROUS, HEGE VÅRDAL, TOMMI NYMAN, and VELI VIKBERG. "North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)." Zootaxa 4302, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4302.1.1.
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The sawfly genus Euura of the tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae, in which species level taxonomy has long been regarded as controversial, is particularly species rich in northern parts of the Holarctic. Among a majority of species with more or less free-living larvae, a sizeable minority belongs to a monophyletic lineage whose larvae complete their whole development in galls. We present illustrated keys to the adults and galls of 66 gall-inducing Euura species that occur, or might occur, in northern Europe. The distribution of these species is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on the fauna of Sweden, where 55 species are now definitely recorded, two of them for the first time (E. bigallae, E. myrtilloidica). The species-level taxonomy of gall-inducing Euura remains partly problematic. Nominal species described on the basis of experimentally tested or assumed host plant specificity, but which cannot be recognised using morphological or genetic characters, are treated as conspecific with currently indistinguishable segregates ("host-plant races") associated with other Salix species. 20 new synonymies are proposed (valid names in parentheses): Eupontania acutifoliae baltica Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 and Pontania acutifoliae daphnoides Zinovjev, 1993 (Euura acutifoliae (Zinovjev, 1985)), Euura boreoalpina Kopelke, 2001 (Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921), Euura cinereae Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied and Euura lapponica Kopelke, 1996 preoccupied (Euura auritae Kopelke 2000), Euura gemmacinereae Kopelke, 2001 and E. nigritarsis Cameron, 1885 (Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)), Euura phylicifoliae Kopelke, 2001 (Euura myrsinifoliae Kopelke, 2001), Nematus westermanni Boheman, 1852 nomen oblitum (Euura scotaspis (Förster, 1854) nomen protectum), Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840 (Euura saliciscinereae (Retzius, 1783)), Nematus alienatus Förster, 1854 and Phyllocolpa rolleri Liston, 2005 (Euura leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846)), Nematus angustus Hartig, 1837 (Euura atra (Jurine, 1807)), Nematus erythropygus Förster, 1854 (Euura leucosticta (Hartig, 1837)), Nematus impunctatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840 (Euura amerinae (Linnaeus, 1758)), Pontania carinifrons Benson, 1940 and Phyllocolpa plicaglauca Kopelke, 2007 (Euura destricta (MacGillivray, 1923)), Pontania obscura Kopelke, 2005 (Euura bridgmanii (Cameron, 1883)), Pontania viminalis var. lugubris Enslin, 1918 and Eupontania collactanea rosmarinifoliae Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2006 (Euura collactanea (Förster, 1854)). Euura weiffenbachiella nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Euura weiffenbachii Ermolenko, 1988; preoccupied in Euura by Pteronidea weiffenbachi Lindqvist, 1958 (Euura piliserra (Thomson, 1863)). Lectotypes are designated for the following 9 taxa: Euura insularis Kincaid, 1900, Euura lanatae Malaise, 1921, Euura lappo Malaise, 1921, Euura lappo var. hastatae Malaise, 1921, Nematus acerosus Hartig, 1840, Nematus leptocerus Förster, 1854, Nematus vallisnierii Hartig, 1837, Pontania megacephala Rohwer, 1908, and Pontania piliserra var. mascula Enslin, 1915. Because of secondary homonymy within Euura, the valid name of the Nearctic species E. arctica MacGillivray, 1919 is E. delicatula (MacGillivray, 1919). The Nearctic Euura megacephala is removed from synonymy with the Holarctic E. destricta and treated as a valid species. 34 species names are newly combined with Euura.
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Azizah, Nuril, Gita Ayu Khoirunnisa, Nuril Nuzulia, Reza Selvyana Muhammad, and Mukhamad Su'udi. "Review: Mekanisme Miko-Heterotrof Tumbuhan Monotropa." JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) 3, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v3i2.4142.
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Monotropa merupakan Angiospermae yang tidak berkolofil sehingga tidak mampu untuk melakukan fotosintesis. Monotropa mendapatkan nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya melalui mekanisme miko-heterotrof, yaitu dengan berasosiasi dengan jamur mikoriza. Mikoriza bersimbiosis dengan akar tumbuhan autotrof untuk mendapatkan hasil fotosintesis, nutrisi tersebut kemudian ditransfer ke tumbuhan Monotropa. Sel-sel hifa yang berhubungan dengan epidermis akar tumbuhan autotrof dan Monotropa merupakan titik transfer nutrisi. Hifa mikoriza akan membentuk selubung (sheath) ke akar tumbuhan yang kemudian akan membentuk struktur hartig net yang menembus epidermis akar. Hartig net akan terus mengintrusi ke sel korteks akar yang kemudian akan membentuk fungal pegs. Fungal pegs ini yang akan menginduksi terbentuknya transfer sel untuk mentransfer nutrisi dari mikoriza ke Monotropa
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Robertson, Diane C., and Jack A. Robertson. "Ultrastructural aspects of Pyrola mycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-150.
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The mycorrhizae of six species of Pyrola were examined with light and electron microscopes. The hyphae on the root surface varied from a loose weft to an abundant mass with numerous strands, but no organized sheath was observed. Infection began with the formation of a Hartig net several millimetres behind the root tip. Hyphae from this net subsequently grew into each epidermal cell, forming masses of intracellular hyphae. These hyphae were surrounded by the host plasmalemma and a matrix material, presumably of host origin. During the stage of mature infection the host cytoplasm was finely granular and filled with organelles. The host vacuoles often had tanninlike deposits along their tonoplasts. Senescence of the symbiosis began with the gradual degeneration of the host cytoplasm, which became dark and vesiculated with loss of its organelles. The fungal hyphae and matrix material appeared essentially unchanged at this stage but eventually degenerated and collapsed. The fungal partners were normally basidiomycetes with dolipore septa, but one ascomycetous infection (distinguished by simple septa and Woronin bodies) was found to have a similar mycorrhizal organization. It differed in having an intermittent Hartig net. The presence of both the Hartig net and intracellular hyphae indicates that these are arbutoid mycorrhizae.
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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, C. A. Ackerley, and Y. Piché. "Structure and ontogeny of Alnus crispa – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-026.
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Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh seedlings were grown in plastic pouches and inoculated with Frankia to induce nodules and subsequently with Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith to form ectomycorrhizae. The earliest events in ectomycorrhiza formation involved contact of the root surface by hyphae, hyphal proliferation to form a thin mantle, and further hyphal growth to form a thick mantle. Structural changes in the host, the mycosymbiont, and the fungus–epidermis interface were described at various stages in the ontogeny of ectomycorrhizae. Fungal hyphae in contact with epidermal cells in the regions of intercellular penetration and paraepidermal Hartig net developed numerous rough endoplastic reticulum cisternae. In more proximal regions of the mycorrhiza, these gradually became fewer in number and smooth. A complicated labyrinthine wall branching system also developed in the fungus in these regions. Concurrently, epidermal cells formed wall ingrowths in regions adjacent to Hartig net hyphae. There was a gradient in the formation of these epidermal transfer cells as the mycorrhiza developed, and an additional deposition of secondary cell wall over the wall ingrowths occurred as transfer cells senesced. Nonmycorrhizal control roots did not develop epidermal wall ingrowths. Electron-dense material, which was also autofluorescent, was deposited in the outer tangential walls of the exodermis contiguous to the paraepidermal Hartig net.
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Massicotte, Hugues B., R. Larry Peterson, Lewis H. Melville, and Linda E. Tackaberry. "Hudsonia ericoides and Hudsonia tomentosa: Anatomy of mycorrhizas of two members in the Cistaceae from Eastern Canada." Botany 88, no. 6 (June 2010): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-035.
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Most species in the family Cistaceae are found in the Mediterranean basin. Several hosts are of special interest, owing to their associations with truffle species, while many are important as pioneer plants in disturbed areas and in soil stabilization. For these reasons, understanding their root systems and their associated fungal symbionts is important. Most studies of the structure of mycorrhizas in this family involve two genera, Cistus and Helianthemum . The present study examines structural features of mycorrhizas in two North American species, Hudsonia ericoides L. and Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Root systems of both species are highly branched with most fine roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi. Based on morphological features, several mycorrhizal fungi were identified; structural details also provided evidence of more than one fungal symbiont for each host species. All mycorrhizas had a multi-layered fungal mantle and Hartig net hyphae confined to radially elongated epidermal cells; no intracellular hyphae were observed. Although the Hartig net was confined to the epidermis, the outer row of cortical cell walls lacked suberin, a known barrier to fungal penetration. Mycorrhizas in H. ericoides and H. tomentosa differed from those of Cistus and Helianthemum species that have a Hartig net that extends into the root cortex, as well as frequently present intracellular hyphae.
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Vikberg, Veli, and Alexej Glebovitsch Zinovjev. "On the taxonomy and host plants of North European species of Eupontania (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 56, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.56.2.239-268.
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In Europa umfasst Eupontania die vesicator-, viminalis-, aquilonis- und crassipes-Artengruppen. Aus Nordeuropa werden 13 Arten der Eupontania-viminalis-Gruppe aufgeführt. E. brevicornis (Förster, 1854), sp. rev. und comb. n. (= Nematus congruens Förster, 1854, syn. n., Pontania carpentieri Konow, 1907, syn. n., Pontania pedunculi auct., nec Hartig), die Gallen an Salix cinerea L. hervorruft, wird in Finnland nachgewiesen und mit der eng verwandten E. arcticornis (Konow, 1904) verglichen, die Gallen an Salix phylicifolia L. bildet. Die Taxonomie und die Wirtspflanzen von E. pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) (= Nematus bellus Zaddach, 1876; Pontania gallarum auct. nec. Hartig) und E. gallarum (Hartig, 1837) (= N. aestivus Thomson, 1863, syn. n.; Pontania varia Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.; Pontania norvegica Kopelke, 1991, syn. n.) werden kurz diskutiert. E. pedunculi wird als Art betrachtet, die Gallen an verschiedenen Arten der Sektion Vetrix hervorruft, nicht aber an S. cinerea: Salix aurita L., S. caprea L., S. starkeana ssp. starkeana Willd. und ssp. cinerascens (Wahlenb.) Hultén (= S. bebbiana Sarg.). Der Status von E. myrtilloidica (Kopelke, 1991), die an S. myrtilloides L. in Finnland nachgewiesen wurde, bleibt unsicher. Die Wirtspflanze von E. gallarum ist Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. einschliesslich der ssp. borealis (Fr.) Hyl. Lectotypen werden festgelegt für Pontania arcticornis, P. phylicifoliae Forsius, 1920, P. viminalis var. hepatimaculae Malaise, 1920, Nematus brevicornis, P. samolad Malaise, 1920 (Wirtspflanze: S. lapponum L.), und P. pustulator Forsius, 1923. Für Nematus gallarum wird ein Neotypus aus Schweden, Uppland, festgelegt. E. acutifoliae baltica ssp. n. wird beschrieben aus Litauen, Estland, Russland, und Finnland, und E. collactanea rosmarinifoliae ssp. n. aus Finnland und Russland. Für 20 aus Nordeuropa beschriebene Eupontania-Arten werden die Wirtspflanzen aufgelistet, E. pustulator von S. pulchra, zum ersten Mal.StichwörterTenthredinidae, Pontania, Eupontania, sawflies, hostplants, Salix.Nomenklatorische Handlungenarcticornis (Konow, 1904) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania arcticornisbrevicornis (Förster, 1854) (Eupontania), Lectotype; spec. revocata described as Nematus brevicornisgallarum (Hartig, 1837) (Eupontania), Neotype described as Nematus gallarumpustulator (Forsius, 1923) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania pustulatorsamolad (Malaise, 1920) (Eupontania), Lectotype described as Pontania samoladbaltica Vikberg & Sinovjev, 2006 (Eupontania acutifoliae), sspec. n.rosmarinifoliae Vikberg & Sinovjev, 2006 (Eupontania collactanea), sspec. n.congruens Förster, 1854 (Nematus), syn. n. of Eupontania brevicornis (Förster, 1854)carpentieri Konow, 1907 (Pontania), syn. n. of Eupontania brevicornis (Förster, 1854)phylicifoliae Forsius, 1920 (Pontania), Lectotype now a syn. of Eupontania arcticornis (Konow, 1904); Lectotype design. by Kopelke (1991) was invalidhepatimaculae Malaise, 1920 (Pontania vinimalis var.), Lectotype now a synonym of Eupontania arcticornis (Konow, 1904)
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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, C. A. Ackerley, and L. H. Melville. "Structure and ontogeny of Betula alleghaniensis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-077.
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The ontogeny and ultrastructure of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) and Pisolithus tinctorius, a broad host range fungus, were studied to determine the structural modifications in both symbionts during ectomycorrhiza establishment. A number of stages, including initial contact of hyphae with the root surface, early mantle formation, and mature mantle formation, were distinguished. Interactions between hyphae and root hairs were frequent. As a paraepidermal Hartig net developed, root epidermal cells elongated in a radial direction, but wall ingrowths were not formed. Repeated branching of Hartig net hyphae resulted in extensive fine branches and the compartmentalization of hyphal cytoplasm. Nuclei and elongated mitochondria were frequently located in the narrow cytoplasmic compartments, and [Formula: see text] thickenings developed along walls of cortical cells in primary roots.
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Niklas, Otto Friedrich. "Ein Gynandromorph von Gílpínía hercyníae (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 9, no. 3-4 (April 23, 2008): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19620090314.
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Carver, Mary, and A. N. Basu. "A NEW SPECIES OF TETRANEURA HARTIG (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 30, no. 5-6 (March 18, 2009): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1961.tb00168.x.
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Li, Tao, Shu-Ping Sun, and Mao-Ling Sheng. "A new species of genus Rhinotorus Förster (Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) parasitizing Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) and a key to Eastern Palaearctic species." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77 (June 29, 2020): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.53323.
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A new species of Ctenopelmatinae, Rhinotorus nigrus Sheng, Li & Sun, sp. nov. reared from cocoons of Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig) in Jilin Province, China, is described and illustrated. A key to Eastern Palaearctic species of Rhinotorus is provided.
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Wołczańska, Agata. "New and rare species of Moniliales in Poland." Acta Mycologica 33, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1998.023.
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This paper presents descriptions of three species of the order <i>Moniliales: Cercospora kabatiana</i> Allesch., <i>Mycocentrospora acerina</i> (Hartig) Deighton and <i>Thedgonia ligustrina</i> (Borcma) Sutton.
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Prous, Marko, Andrew Liston, Katja Kramp, Henri Savina, Hege Vårdal, and Andreas Taeger. "The West Palaearctic genera of Nematinae (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." ZooKeys 875 (September 16, 2019): 63–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.875.35748.
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Keys to adults and larvae of the genera of West Palaearctic nematine sawflies are presented. Species of some of the smaller genera are keyed, and their taxonomy, distribution, and host plants reviewed, with a geographic focus on north-western Europe, particularly Sweden. Dinematus Lacourt, 2006 is a new junior subjective synonym of Pristiphora Latreille, 1810, resulting in the new combination Pristiphora krausi (Lacourt, 2006) for the type species of Dinematus. Hemichroa monticola Ermolenko, 1960 is a new junior subjective synonym of Hemichroa australis (Serville, 1823). Lectotypes are designated for Tenthredo opaca Fabricius, 1775, Mesoneura opaca var. nigerrima Enslin, 1914, Mesoneura opaca var. obscuriventris Enslin, 1914, Nematus hypogastricus Hartig, 1837, Nematus alnivorus Hartig, 1840, Leptopus rufipes Förster, 1854, Nematus protensus Förster, 1854, and Platycampus luridiventris var. pleuritica Enslin, 1915. A phylogenetic analysis based on four genes (mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK, POL2, and TPI) supports the current generic classification.
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Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Jesús Selfa, Noel Mata-Casanova, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo, and Juli Pujade-Villar. "Worldwide revision of the genus Phaenoglyphis (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae, Charipinae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 50, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 235–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-00002177.
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A complete revision of the world species of the genus Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869 has been conducted. A total of 25 species of Phaenoglyphis are valid after studying their type material. Two new species are described: Phaenoglyphis belizini sp. n. and Phaenoglyphis palmirae sp. n. Two species are synonymized: P. dolichocera (Cameron, 1889) with P. nigripes (Thomson, 1877) and P. pecki Andrews, 1978 with P. villosa (Hartig, 1841). Phaenoglyphis bangalorensis Kurian, 1953 was considered as incertae sedis. Phaenoglyphis duplocarpentieri (Kieffer, 1904) and P. hedickei Hedicke, 1928 are considered lost. Other three species are discarded as valid species because they are missing important parts without which the species cannot be defined: P. cincta (Hartig, 1841), P. frigidus (Belizin, 1968) and P. repentinus Belizin, 1962. A complete redescription and an illustrative plate are presented. A key to species of the genus Phaenoglyphis is given. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters has been performed.
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Wilcox, H. E., and C. J. K. Wang. "Ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal associations of Phialophorafinlandia with Pinusresinosa, Picearubens, and Betulaalleghaniensis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 976–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-152.
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Mycorrhizal associations formed by Phialophorafinlandia in Pinusresinosa were both ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal with randomly distributed clusters of spherical hyphae within cells of the cortex. The ectomycorrhizal condition was common for short distances in the apices of short roots and in smaller diameter long roots, but intracellular invasion from the Hartig net occurred proximal to this zone, resulting in an ectendomycorrhizal structure. In large diameter long-root branches both conditions were found at different positions along the root axis. In addition, sclerotia-like inclusions occurred in the inner cortical cells, often radially opposite to the protoxylem. Mycorrhizal associations in Picearubens and Betulaalleghaniensis were predominantly ectomycorrhizal in all roots; sclerotial bodies could be present in the inner cortex of both hosts. The Hartig net extended to the endodermis in the spruce, but it surrounded only the epidermis in birch. The epidermal cells of birch ectendomycorrhizae elongated radially and obliquely to the root surface, but in spruce the mycorrhizal condition had no effect on radial dimensions of cortical cells.
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Miller, Steven L., C. D. Koo, and Randy Molina. "Characterization of red alder ectomycorrhizae: a preface to monitoring belowground ecological responses." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 516–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-071.
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Critical ecological research on belowground ecosystems has often been impeded because of the inability to adequately recognize ectomycorrhizal relationships, especially the abundance, diversity, and distribution of the fungus component, and the specificity of particular fungus–host combinations. Red alder, with its high degree of host specificity and paucity of fungal symbionts, provides an ideal model for studying these attributes. Eleven morphologically recognizable types of ectomycorrhizae were characterized from field-collected root material, greenhouse soil bioassays, and laboratory syntheses. Most mycobionts were basidiomycetes, as evidenced by abundant clamp connections present in the mantle and extramatrical hyphae. Seven mycobionts identified to species included Alpova diplophloeus, Thelephora terrestris, Lactarius obscuratus, Cortinarius bibulus, Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, and Paxillus involutus. Many of the ectomycorrhizae collected in the field appeared to have more than one mycobiont present in the mantle. Root tips could generally be categorized into either flexuous or succulent morphological types. The flexuous types were long, thin, indeterminate in growth, with an acute root apex, and the mantle and Hartig net in longitudinal section were not well formed near the root apex. The succulent types were short, thick, determinate in growth, with a rounded root apex, and the mantle and Hartig net in longitudinal section were well formed near the root apex. Additional characteristics important in distinguishing among red alder ectomycorrhizal types included color, extent of extramatrical hyphae development, mantle surface characteristics, and selected microchemical reactions. Mantle thickness was highly variable and not useful in characterization. Hartig net development was shallow, and regardless of mycorrhizal origin, rarely extended beyond one epidermal cell layer. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, Alnus, characterization, ecology, belowground.
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Blasius, D., W. Feil, I. Kottke, and F. Oberwinkler. "Hartig net structure and formation in fully ensheathed ectomycorrhizas." Nordic Journal of Botany 6, no. 6 (December 1986): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1986.tb00487.x.
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López, Mónica Fajardo, Philipp Männer, Anita Willmann, Rüdiger Hampp, and Uwe Nehls. "Increased trehalose biosynthesis in Hartig net hyphae of ectomycorrhizas." New Phytologist 174, no. 2 (April 2007): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01983.x.
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Perretti, C. T., S. B. Munch, and G. Sugihara. "Reply to Hartig and Dormann: The true model myth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 42 (October 7, 2013): E3976—E3977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312461110.
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BIDZILYA, OLEKSIY, OLE KARSHOLT, VASILIY KRAVCHENKO, and JAN ŠUMPICH. "An annotated checklist of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) of Israel with description of two new species." Zootaxa 4677, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4677.1.1.
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One hundred forty-six species of Gelechiidae including 36 new records are reported from Israel. Anarsia balioneura Meyrick, 1921 and Polyhymno chionarcha Meyrick, 1913 are recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic region. Two new species are described: Metzneria freidbergi sp. nov., and Scrobipalpa aravensis sp. nov. Six new synonyms are established: Stygmatoptera Hartig, 1936 syn. nov. of Polyhymno Chambers, 1874; Eulamprotes Bradley, 1971 syn. nov. of Oxypteryx Rebel, 1911; Polyhymno abaiella Amsel, 1974 syn. nov. of Polyhymno chionarcha, Meyrick, 1913; Gelechia haifella Amsel, 1935 syn. nov. of Athrips rancidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854); Sophronia catharurga Meyrick, 1923 and Sophronia parahumerella Amsel, 1935 syn. nov. of Pseudosophronia exustellus (Zeller, 1847). The following new combinations are proposed: Anacampsis karmeliella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Stomopteryx tesserapunctella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Aproaerema languidella (Amsel, 1936) comb. nov., Aproaerema telaviviella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Acompsia (Telephila) ballotellus (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Polyhymno dumonti (Hartig, 1936) comb. nov., Oxypteryx atrella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) comb. nov., Oxypteryx immaculatella (Douglas, 1850) comb. nov. and Chrysoesthia amseli (Bidzilya, 2008) comb. nov. A lectotype is designated for Lita rhamnifoliae Amsel & Hering, 1931.The genitalia of both sexes of Sophronia sagittans Meyrick, 1923, Anacampsis karmeliella (Amsel, 1935), Stomopteryx tesserapunctella Amsel, 1935 as well as male genitalia of Stomopteryx lacteolella Caradja, 1924, Aproaerema telaviviella (Amsel, 1935), Acompsia ballotellus (Amsel, 1935), Polyhymno dumonti (Hartig, 1936) and Chrysoesthia amseli (Bidzilya, 2008) are illustrated and described for the first time. New or additional host plants are recorded for Metzneria aspretella Lederer, 1869, M. agraphella (Ragonot, 1895), M. ehikeella Gozmány, 1954 and Scrobipalpa suaedivorella (Chrétien, 1915). Photographs of the type specimens of most taxa described from Israel and Palestine are presented. The following species are removed from the list of Gelechiidae of Israel: Nothris sulcella Staudinger, 1879, N. skyvai Karsholt & Šumpich, 2015, Anarsia spartiella Schrank, 1802, Megacraspedus cerussatellus Rebel, 1930, Oxypteryx atrella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Isophrictis anthemidella (Wocke, 1871), Metzneria metzneriella (Stainton, 1851), Scrobipalpa otregata Povolný, 1972, Scrobipalpa nitentella (Fuchs, 1902), Scrobipalpa remota Povolný, 1972, Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller, 1847) and Ephysteris diminutella (Zeller, 1847). Moreover, Stomopteryx remissella (Zeller, 1847) is recorded as new to the Altai Mountains of Russia, Anarsia balioneura Meyrick, 1921 is new to Cyprus and Libya, Polyhymno dumonti (Hartig, 1936) is new to Libya and Sudan, Scrobipalpa superstes is new to Greece, Stenolechia gemmella (Linnaeus, 1758) is new to Jordan and Polyhymno chionarcha is new to Saudi Arabia.
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Barjadze, Shalva. "First record of Pemphigus saliciradicis (Börner, 1950) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on roots of the grape vine, Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) from Transcaucasia." Entomologica Fennica 20, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84486.
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Apterous and alate viviparous females of the aphid Pemphigus saliciradicis (Börner, 1950) collected for the first time on roots of the grape vine (Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae) near Tbilisi (Georgia) in 1968 are redescribed and illustrated. A key to the alatae of the genus Pemphigus Hartig species distributed in Transcaucasia is given.
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Robinson, A. G. "AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE “BLACK-BACKED” SPECIES OF APHIS L. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON LEGUMINOSAE IN NORTH AMERICA." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 3 (June 1991): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123461-3.
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AbstractFive species of Aphis Linnaeus from Leguminosae in North America which have large dorsal sclerotized areas on apterous viviparous females are known: A. craccae Linnaeus, A. craccivora Koch, A. cytisorum Hartig, A. astragalina Hille Ris Lambers, and A. gallowayi sp.nov., described from Astragalus pectinatus Douglas, Bow Valley Provincial Park, Alberta.
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Mosconi, Fabio, Alberto Zilli, Renato Spicciarelli, Emanuela Maurizi, Augusto Vigna Taglianti, and Paolo Audisio. "An overview on the most outstanding Italian endemic moth, Brahmaea (Acanthobrahmaea) europaea (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 46, no. 1-2 (October 31, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2014.70.
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The state of knowledge about the European Bramea, <em>Brahmaea</em> (<em>Acanthobrahmaea</em>) <em>europaea</em> Hartig, 1963, is briefly summarized in relation to growing concern about the conservation status of the most outstanding Italian endemic moth species.
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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, and A. E. Ashford. "Ontogeny of Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae. I. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1927–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-264.
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Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings were grown in growth pouches and inoculated with the broad host range ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. External morphology and internal structure of all stages of ectomycorrhiza formation on first-order and second-order laterals were studied. The morphology of the ectomycorrhiza is dependent on the stage of lateral root development at the time of colonization by fungal hyphae. Emerging lateral roots are colonized by hyphae originating from the inner mantle of the parent root. The Hartig net does not spread internally from the parent root to the lateral root. All primary tissues of mycorrhizal lateral roots are differentiated close to the apical meristem. The epidermal cells undergo a marked increased in radial growth instead of the usual elongation in the axial plane. The hypodermis is a barrier to the penetration of hyphae so that Hartig net formation is paradermal only. Older portions of ectomycorrhizal roots show a degeneration of the epidermis, hypodermis, and cortex excluding the endodermis, and a proliferation of hyphae in these senescing tissues.
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Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, and L. H. Melville. "Ontogeny of Alnus rubra – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae. I. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-027.
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Ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Alpova diplophloeus and Alnus rubra are of two morphological types: one with a mantle formed along the entire length of the lateral roots and the other, the clavate type, with the mantle confined to the apical portion of the laterals. The morphology of the mycorrhiza is dependent on the stage of lateral root elongation at the time of colonization by fungal hyphae. Clavate mycorrhizae form on lateral roots that have already elongated at the time of fungal colonization. Fungal hyphae interact with root hairs at the base of clavate mycorrhizae. Mantles of both types are fairly compact with few extramatrical hyphae. Hartig net hyphae, which branch profusely primarily in the radial direction, are confined to the epidermis and midway along the radial walls of the outer layer of cortical cells. Second-order lateral root primordia are initiated in the mature Hartig net zone. Cells in the outer layer of the cortex of mycorrhizal roots collapse during fixation, indicating the possible presence of a barrier in the cell wall blocking the ingress of fixative.
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Tselikh, E. V. "Review of species of the genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from the Russian Far East." Zoosystematica Rossica 21, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2012.21.2.291.
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A review of species of the genus Mokrzeckia Mokrzecki, 1934 from the Russian Far East is provided. Mokrzeckia lazoensis sp. nov. is described. M. abietis Kamijo, 1982 is recorded for the first time for Russia, and M. pini (Hartig, 1838) for the Russian Far East. A key to six known species of Mokrzeckia is provided.
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Pujade-Villar, Juli, Yiping Wang, Zhiwei Liu, and Rui Guo. "Descriptions of two new species of Neuroterus Hartig from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." Entomologica Fennica 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84656.
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Two morphologically unusual new species of Neuroterus Hartig, Neuroterus sculpturatus Pujade-Villar & Wang sp. n. and N. abdominalis Pujade-Villar & Wang sp. n., are described fromChina. Data about galls, distribution and biology of the new species are included. Taxonomic problems concerning some of the Palaearctic Neuroterus species, including the species described here, are also commented.