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Kimball, Bruce A. "The Disastrous First Fund-Raising Campaign in Legal Education: The Harvard Law School Centennial, 1914–1920." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 4 (October 2013): 535–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781413000352.
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Between 1915 and 1925, Harvard University conducted the first national public fund-raising campaign in higher education in the United States. At the same time, Harvard Law School attempted the first such effort in legal education. The law school organized its effort independently, in conjunction with its centennial in 1917. The university campaign succeeded magnificently by all accounts; the law school failed miserably. Though perfectly positioned for this new venture, Harvard Law School raised scarcely a quarter of its goal from merely 2 percent of its alumni. This essay presents the first account of this campaign and argues that its failure was rooted in longstanding cultural and professional objections that many of the school's alumni shared: law students and law schools neither need nor deserve benefactions, and such gifts worsen the overcrowding of the bar. Due to these objections, lethargy, apathy, and pessimism suffused the campaign. These factors weakened the leadership of the alumni association, the dean, and the president, leading to inept management, wasted time, and an unlikely strategy that was pursued ineffectively. All this doomed the campaign, particularly given the tragic interruptions of the dean's suicide and World War I, along with competition from the well-run campaigns for the University and for disaster relief due to the war.
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Harry∗, Michael. "Establishing a Medical Alumni Association at Flinders University." Journal of Tertiary Education Administration 10, no. 1 (May 1988): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0157603880100107.
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McCarron, Peter, Mona Okasha, James McEwen, and George Davey Smith. "Association between Course of Study at University and Cause-Specific Mortality." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 96, no. 8 (August 2003): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680309600805.
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Although socioeconomic position is clearly related to mortality and one measure of this is length of education, it is not known whether the choice of course at university determines future health. We therefore investigated the association between faculty of study and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective follow-up of male students who underwent health examinations while attending Glasgow University from 1948 to 1968. Among the 9887 (84%) alumni traced by means of the NHS Central Register, 8367 (85%) had full data on important potential confounding variables; 939 of these men had died. Physiological variables differed little between students from the various faculties. Medical students were most likely to come from affluent social backgrounds and, after law students, were most likely to be smokers. Compared with former medical students, former arts and law students had excess all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, while science and engineering alumni had similar risks. Former medical students had lower lung cancer mortality than other alumni but higher mortality from alcohol-related causes including accidents, suicide and violence. The lower mortality risks observed among former medical and engineering students may be due to their better employment prospects and healthier lifestyle behaviours, although the high mortality from alcohol-related causes among former medical students underscores the complexity of choice of health behaviour. The findings point to the potential for disease prevention among the large proportion of the population who now have third-level education.
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Gray, L., I. M. Lee, H. D. Sesso, and G. D. Batty. "Association of body mass index in early adulthood and middle age with future site-specific cancer mortality: the Harvard Alumni Health Study." Annals of Oncology 23, no. 3 (March 2012): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr270.
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Lynch, Gabrielle, Karina Nieto, Saumya Puthenveettil, Marleen Reyes, Michael Jureller, Jason H. Huang, M. Sean Grady, et al. "Attrition rates in neurosurgery residency: analysis of 1361 consecutive residents matched from 1990 to 1999." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 2 (February 2015): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns132436.
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OBJECT The objective of this study is to determine neurosurgery residency attrition rates by sex of matched applicant and by type and rank of medical school attended. METHODS The study follows a cohort of 1361 individuals who matched into a neurosurgery residency program through the SF Match Fellowship and Residency Matching Service from 1990 to 1999. The main outcome measure was achievement of board certification as documented in the American Board of Neurological Surgery Directory of Diplomats. A secondary outcome measure was documentation of practicing medicine as verified by the American Medical Association DoctorFinder and National Provider Identifier websites. Overall, 10.7% (n = 146) of these individuals were women. Twenty percent (n = 266) graduated from a top 10 medical school (24% of women [35/146] and 19% of men [232/1215], p = 0.19). Forty-five percent (n = 618) were graduates of a public medical school, 50% (n = 680) of a private medical school, and 5% (n = 63) of an international medical school. At the end of the study, 0.2% of subjects (n = 3) were deceased and 0.3% (n = 4) were lost to follow-up. RESULTS The total residency completion rate was 86.0% (n = 1171) overall, with 76.0% (n = 111/146) of women and 87.2% (n = 1059/1215) of men completing residency. Board certification was obtained by 79.4% (n = 1081) of all individuals matching into residency between 1990 and 1999. Overall, 63.0% (92/146) of women and 81.3% (989/1215) of men were board certified. Women were found to be significantly more at risk (p < 0.005) of not completing residency or becoming board certified than men. Public medical school alumni had significantly higher board certification rates than private and international alumni (82.2% for public [508/618]; 77.1% for private [524/680]; 77.8% for international [49/63]; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in attrition for graduates of top 10–ranked institutions versus other institutions. There was no difference in number of years to achieve neurosurgical board certification for men versus women. CONCLUSIONS Overall, neurosurgery training attrition rates are low. Women have had greater attrition than men during and after neurosurgery residency training. International and private medical school alumni had higher attrition than public medical school alumni.
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Demaria, Anthony N. "President's Page: Reaction to the Harvard-American Medical Association resource-based relative value scale." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 13, no. 3 (March 1989): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(89)90624-4.
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Berk, Louis J., Sharon L. Muret-Wagstaff, Riya Goyal, Julie A. Joyal, James A. Gordon, Russell Faux, and Nancy E. Oriol. "Inspiring careers in STEM and healthcare fields through medical simulation embedded in high school science education." Advances in Physiology Education 38, no. 3 (September 2014): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00143.2013.
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The most effective ways to promote learning and inspire careers related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain elusive. To address this gap, we reviewed the literature and designed and implemented a high-fidelity, medical simulation-based Harvard Medical School MEDscience course, which was integrated into high school science classes through collaboration between medical school and K–12 faculty. The design was based largely on the literature on concepts and mechanisms of self-efficacy. A structured telephone survey was conducted with 30 program alumni from the inaugural school who were no longer in high school. Near-term effects, enduring effects, contextual considerations, and diffusion and dissemination were queried. Students reported high incoming attitudes toward STEM education and careers, and these attitudes showed before versus after gains ( P < .05). Students in this modest sample overwhelmingly attributed elevated and enduring levels of impact on their interest and confidence in pursuing a science or healthcare-related career to the program. Additionally, 63% subsequently took additional science or health courses, 73% participated in a job or educational experience that was science related during high school, and 97% went on to college. Four of every five program graduates cited a health-related college major, and 83% offered their strongest recommendation of the program to others. Further study and evaluation of simulation-based experiences that capitalize on informal, naturalistic learning and promote self-efficacy are warranted.
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Forman, J. P., S. L. Rifas-Shiman, E. N. Taylor, K. Lane, and M. W. Gillman. "Association between the serum anion gap and blood pressure among patients at Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates." Journal of Human Hypertension 22, no. 2 (September 13, 2007): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1002286.
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Tuoyire, Derek A., Sarah McNair, Samuel A. Debrah, and Rosemary B. Duda. "Perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity in Cape Coast, Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 52, no. 3 (December 26, 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v52i3.6.
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Background: This study examined the association between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity.Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveySetting: Out-patient department of the Central Regional Hospital in Cape Coast, Ghana Participants: Adult men and women at least 18 years oldInterventions: NoneMain outcome measures: Perception of risk for hypertension, overweight/obesityResults: About 39% of the participants (N=400) were found to be overweight/obese, with disproportionally higher rates among women (50%) than men (28%). Results of the binary logistic regression models revealed a strong positive association (OR = 2.21, 95% CI =1.23, 3.96) between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity. Increasing age, high television exposure, female gender and being in a relationship were also noted to be associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for the design of programmes to help individuals appreciate the reality of weight-related health risks, as well as the need to embrace lifestyles that promote healthy weight outcomes. Funding: Harvard Medical School Travelling Fellowship, Scholars in Medicine Office, Harvard Medical SchoolKeywords: overweight, obesity, risk, perception, hypertension, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Jamil, Ahmad Syariful, Hidayat ., and Resti Prastika Destiarni. "A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM TOWARDS FARMERS INCOME (THE MEMBERS OF THE JAPAN INTERNSHIP ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF EAST JAVA) ." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 6, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 1092–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2021.v06i03.024.
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Gibbs, Denis. "William C Gibson, Medical comets: scholarly contributions by medical undergraduates, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Alumni Association, 1997, pp. xii, 282 (0-88865-541-X)." Medical History 43, no. 3 (July 1999): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300065637.
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El-Hamamsy, Laila Shukry. "Planning and development of rural and semi-urban settlements." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 412-414 (June 1, 2002): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269412-414400.
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The author, a cultural anthropologist, Professor Emeritus, Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, and a member of UNESCO's International Bioethics Committee and Egypt's National Bioethics Committee, after completing her Ph. D studies at Cornell University, has been for 25 years Professor and Director of the Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, while also acting as Senior Fellow, Population Center, Harvard University; Senior Visiting Associate, Population Program, California Institute of Technology; Research Project Director, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva. Parallel to the above, she has been consultant for, and member of numerous international evaluation missions and expert committees of the UN Economic and Social Department, the UN Population Division, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO and FAO. She has also been Secretary General of the Organization for the Promotion of Social Sciences in the Middle East; member of the Smithsonian Center for the Study of Man and of the Board of the International Union for Ethnological and Anthropological Sciences; member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE),of which she was Vice-President for four years. The various distinctions awarded to Dr El-Hamamsy for her overall scientific achievements include the Distinguished Alumni Award of the American University in Cairo and the President Award of the American Anthropological Association. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Marx, Herbert J., Tara Erb, Paul L. Jenkins, Anne N. Nafziger, and Carol Lewis. "Exercise Effect on Risk Factor Score Differs Between Genders in a Rural Cohort." Circulation 103, suppl_1 (March 2001): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9998-95.
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P95 Physical inactivity is classified as a predisposing risk factor (RF) in the AHA/ACC Scientific Statement on Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. Whether the mechanism relates to intensification of “causal” RF or is independent is uncertain. Also, the quantity and intensity of exercise needed to reverse that risk effect remain unclear. The recent Harvard Alumni Study update suggests that in males (M) vigorous activity was associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) risk, but moderate to light activity was not. Whether the same applies to females (F) is not known. We evaluated the effect of exercise on the AHA/ACC risk factor score (RFS) in 173 M and 217 F (ages 20 to 69 years) with no known CV disease in 3 rural counties in New York State. Each subject completed a behavioral RF survey and had a physical exam plus laboratory tests at baseline and again 5 years later. Degree and frequency of work and recreational activity were assessed. Strenuous activity on ≥4 days/week was termed vigorous exercise (VE). In our cohort, 59% of M and 67% of F did not exercise vigorously compared to 60% of American adults nationally. M who did VE had significantly lower RFS at baseline than those who did not (No VE) and maintained this difference in RFS 5 years later. However, among F there was no difference in RFS between the VE and No VE groups at baseline or follow-up (see table). We conclude that the lower CV risk in M associated with VE may be mediated at least in part through influence on causal RF. However, if VE confers benefit in F, a different mechanism must be involved. Table 1.
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Kimura, Robert S. "Guest Editorial." Journal of Vestibular Research 1, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1991-1201.
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Editor’s Note – At the 1990 Midwinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, the Award of Merit of the Association was presented to Dr. Robert S. Kimura in recognition of his contributions to the field. During the introduction to his more formal comments, Dr. Kimura stressed the importance of team research, particularly the collaboration of clinicians and basic scientists. Dr. Kimura’s association with Dr. Schuknecht over the past two decades at Harvard Medical School serves as an exemplary model for such collaboration. Dr. Kimura’s comments come out of a mind which developed the best animal model in existence for endolymphatic hydrops (in guinea pigs). Thus, one must carefully consider his words. Young investigators would do well to read carefully everything Dr. Kimura has written, and to spend as much time as possible with him. Dr. Kimura’s address to the Association follows.
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Rosenberg, Mark E., Jacqueline L. Gauer, Barbara Smith, Austin Calhoun, Andrew P. J. Olson, and Emily Melcher. "Building a Medical Education Outcomes Center: Development Study." JMIR Medical Education 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): e14651. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14651.
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Background Medical education outcomes and clinical data exist in multiple unconnected databases, resulting in 3 problems: (1) it is difficult to connect learner outcomes with patient outcomes, (2) learners cannot be easily tracked over time through the education-training-practice continuum, and (3) no standard methodology ensures quality and privacy of the data. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a Medical Education Outcomes Center (MEOC) to integrate education data and to build a framework to standardize the intake and processing of requests for using these data. Methods An inventory of over 100 data sources owned or utilized by the medical school was conducted, and nearly 2 dozen of these data sources have been vetted and integrated into the MEOC. In addition, the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile data of the University of Minnesota Medical School (UMMS) graduates were linked to the data from the National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry to develop a mechanism to connect alumni practice data to education data. Results Over 160 data requests have been fulfilled, culminating in a range of outcomes analyses, including support of accreditation efforts. The MEOC received data on 13,092 UMMS graduates in the AMA Physician Masterfile and could link 10,443 with NPI numbers and began to explore their practice demographics. The technical and operational work to expand the MEOC continues. Next steps are to link the educational data to the clinical practice data through NPI numbers to assess the effectiveness of our medical education programs by the clinical outcomes of our graduates. Conclusions The MEOC provides a replicable framework to allow other schools to more effectively operate their programs and drive innovation.
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Rehder, Roberta, Subash Lohani, and Alan R. Cohen. "Unsung hero: Donald Darrow Matson’s legacy in pediatric neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 16, no. 5 (November 2015): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.4.peds156.
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Donald Darrow Matson made seminal contributions to the field of pediatric neurosurgery. Born in 1913 in Fort Hamilton, New York, Matson was the youngest of four sons of an army colonel. He graduated from Cornell University and, years later, from Harvard Medical School. Matson selected Peter Bent Brigham Hospital for his neurosurgical training, which was interrupted during World War II. As a neurosurgeon, he worked close to the front lines under Brigadier General Elliot Cutler in Europe, earning a Bronze Star. Matson returned to Boston to become Franc Ingraham’s fellow and partner. He was a masterful surgeon and, with Ingraham, published Neurosurgery of Infancy and Childhood in 1954, the first pediatric neurosurgery textbook in the world. Upon Ingraham’s retirement, Matson became chairman of the department of neurosurgery at Boston Children’s Hospital and Peter Bent Brigham. In 1968, he became the inaugural Franc D. Ingraham Professor of Neurological Surgery at Harvard Medical School. Among his neurosurgical accomplishments, Matson served as President of the Harvey Cushing Society, later known as the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. He was unable to preside at the 1969 meeting that marked the 100th anniversary of Cushing’s birth, having contracted Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Matson died at the age of 55, surviving his mentor Ingraham by only 4 years.
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Hatfield, Laura A., and Sherri Rose. "A conversation with Sherri Rose, winner of the 2020 health policy statistics section mid-career award." Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology 20, no. 4 (August 3, 2020): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10742-020-00216-6.
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Abstract Sherri Rose, Ph.D. is an associate professor at Stanford University in the Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research as well as Co-Director of the joint Harvard–Stanford Health Policy Data Science Lab. A renowned expert in machine learning methodology for causal inference and prediction, her applied work has focused on risk adjustment, algorithmic fairness, health program evaluation, and comparative effectiveness research. Dr. Rose’s leadership positions include current roles as Co-Editor of Biostatistics and Chair of the American Statistical Association’s Biometrics Section. She is also a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Dr. Rose earned a BS in Statistics from The George Washington University and a PhD in Biostatistics from the University of California, Berkeley before completing an NSF Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. Prior to joining the faculty at Stanford University, she was on the faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Health Care Policy. Below, an interview of Dr. Rose, conducted by her colleague, Dr. Laura Hatfield, on the occasion of her 2020 Mid-Career Award from the Health Policy Statistics Section (HPSS) of the American Statistical Association. This award recognizes leaders in health care policy and health services research who have made outstanding contributions through methodological or applied work and who show a promise of continued excellence at the frontier of statistical practice that advances the aims of HPSS.
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Mahmood, Tahir, Umer Maqsood, Shah Zaib Raza, Hashim Zaka, Asad Aziz, and Nadia Saleem. "Association of body mass index with fitness index among male and female physical therapy students in Lahore." Foundation University Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33897/fujrs.v1i2.243.
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Background: Body Mass Index is an important predictor of physical fitness that needs to be addressed in job-related work in physical therapy profession. Objectives: To determine the association of BMI with fitness Index among physical therapy students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional associational study. The Sample of 156 undergraduate students between the ages of 20 to 30 years was included. By using a convenient sampling technique, data was collected from Azra Naheed Medical College and the Institute of Child Health and Children Hospital Lahore after ethical approval on 30th January 2018 from Azra Naheed Medical College. Harvard Step Index was used for measuring Fitness Index and Body Mass Index was measured using height and weight. SPSS 22 version was used for the analysis of outcomes of interest. Results: In our study 85 (54.4%) females and 71 (45.51%) males students with mean age of 25.4+4.6 participated. In male physiotherapy students, 11 (17.18%) out of 64 were excellent in physical fitness, 12 (18.75%) were good, 4 (6.25%) were average, 4 (6.25%) were low average and 54 (57.44%) were poor. While in female physiotherapy students only 6 (6.59%) out of 91 were excellent, 18 (19.78%) were good, 5 (5.49%) above average, 2 (2.19%) were low average and 40 (43.95%) were poor. Regarding BMI and Fitness Index, 47 (30.12%) had poor, while 28 (17.94%) had good and 14 (8.94%) had excellent fitness level. Conclusion: The study concluded that Physical therapy students were not having good fitness level. The male students were found fit compared to females, but they were also not to optimum required level of fitness. P value calculated through chi square test was 0.00 showed BMI and physical fitness was associated to each other.
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Dave, Srushti, and Arjun Maitra. "A Pilot Study to Evaluate the effect of Pre - and immediate Post-Exercise Heart Rate on Physical Fitness in Medical Students." INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 74, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55184/ijpas.v74i3.68.
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Background: Resting Heart rate is one of the important vital parameters depicting the cardiovascular status. It has been reported that Resting heart rate is low in trained athletes. Higher Resting heart rate is one of the independent factor for all cause mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Health as a profession is challenging and physically demanding. Identifying the fitness level from RHR (Resting Heart Rate) or PEHR(i) (Immediate Post Exercise Heart Rate) may prove as a tool for future cardiovascular and Exercise physiology research.Objectives: The Present study was conducted to observe the association of RHR and PEHR(i) with Physical fitness among 1st Professional Medical students who are physically untrained and sedentary.Materials and Methods: 100 first professional medical students (49 male and 51 female )participated in this study. Subjects underwent the Harvard Step test using the standard protocol. Physical fitness was calculated and relations and predictability of RHR and PEHR(i) were analyzed statistically.Results: Resting Heart Rate and immediate Post-exercise Heart Rate both inversely correlated with Physical Fitness index. PEHR(i) has better predictability towards physical fitness.Conclusion: It was observed that the physical fitness index among the first professional students was poor. Students with higher RHR has poor fitness index. The observation was similar with PEHR(i). Post-exercise heart rate predict the fitness level significantly than RHR.
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Hamson, Zulkarnain. "Interaksionisme Simbolik Pengguna Media Sosial Facebook dan WhatsApp Pada Isu Covid-19." Journal of Communication Sciences (JCoS) 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55638/jcos.v3i1.544.
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This research was conducted on WhatsApp and Facebook social media users, the aim of observing the behavior of the users of both social media, related to the issue of the pandemic Covid-19, which is sweeping the world. Indonesia is a country in the risk category, after a number of people with positive Covid-19 found. During the period March 10-17, 2020, conversations of members of the WhatsApp Group Alumni Association of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University, whose members tended to be heterogeneous, from various professional fields, were also spread throughout Indonesia, with more than 200 members and Lecturer groups FISIP University of Eastern Indonesia (UIT) Makassar, whose members tend to be homogeneous, and only resides in Makassar City. The Facebook group that was observed was a journalist group. It was revealed that Facebook and WhatsApp users were actively disseminating Covid-19 information in the form of religious propaganda, medical information, political responses, humorous humor. On both social media accounts, user behavior appears to be active, continuously informing the Cofid- 19 phenomenon, with various versions, including news links, opinions, analysis of both amateur and expert experts, criticism of the government, to memes and images that sometimes are photos of officials country. Research uses qualitative methods to explore and understand the meaning of messages. The approach and method of analysis used in this study are, content analysis method using quantitative data and qualitative data simultaneously.
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Montano, Monty, Karol Pencina, Michael Schultz, Thanh Tran, Zhuoying Li, Catherine Ghattas, Jackson Lau, and David Sinclair. "REDUCED LEVELS OF NAD IN SKELETAL MUSCLE IN PEOPLE AGING WITH HIV INFECTION ON TREATMENT." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2453.
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Abstract People living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened with multimorbidity and decline in physiologic function compared to their uninfected counterparts, but biological mechanisms that differentially contribute to the decline in muscle function in PLWH compared to uninfected people remains understudied. The study site was Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA. We evaluated skeletal muscle tissue for levels of total NAD, NAD+ and NADH in middle-aged asymptomatic PLWH, coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV) and compared them to uninfected control participants. Of the 54 persons with muscle biopsy data, the mean age 57 years with 33% women. Total NAD levels declined in skeletal muscle in association with HIV infection, and was exacerbated by HCV and CMV coinfection, with lowest levels of total NAD, NAD+ and NADH among persons that were coinfected with all three viruses (P=0.015, P=0.014, P=0.076; respectively). Levels of total NAD, NAD+ and NADH in skeletal muscle were inversely associated with inflammation (P=0.014, P=0.013, P=0.055; respectively). Coinfections were also associated with measures of inflammation (CD4/CD8 ratio: P< 0.001 and sCD163: P< 0.001), immune activation (CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD8 T cells: P< 0.001). Additionally, coinfection was associated with increased physiologic frailty, based on the VACS Index 1.0 assessment (P=0.001). Further research is warranted to determine the clinical relevance of preclinical deficits in NAD metabolites in skeletal muscle in association with viral coinfection and inflammation, as well as the observed association between viral coinfection and physiologic frailty.
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Softy, Shane J., Jessica Rogers, Maria Voronina, and Andrew J. Brueckner. "Deliriogenic Medication Prescribing and Delirium in Hospitalized, Non-Critically Ill Older People." Senior Care Pharmacist 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2023.21.
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Objective Describe the incidence of delirium and associated outcomes among hospitalized, non-critically ill older people. Design Single-center, retrospective chart review. Setting A 217-bed academic teaching hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Patients People 65 years of age or older, admitted to a general medicine unit between January 1 and August 31, 2021, who were prescribed one or more deliriogenic medications prior to or during admission. Interventions Patient electronic medical records were reviewed for deliriogenic medications prescribed and administered during admission and associated clinical outcomes. Results The percentage of patients who developed delirium was 13% overall. The most implicated deliriogenic medications were benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Seventy-three percent of deliriogenic home medications were continued upon admission. Subgroup analyses of those with delirium had a mean length-of-stay of 20 days compared with 6 days in those who did not develop delirium. Those with delirium tended to have more deliriogenic medications used during admission. Conclusion This review describes the incidence of delirium for non-critically ill older people who were prescribed at least one deliriogenic medication. Of all the deliriogenic agents reviewed, moderate quality clinical evidence supports the association between use and development of delirium except for H2RAs, which have low-quality evidence. Pharmacist-driven efforts to deprescribe deliriogenic medications in at-risk patient populations may be better focused on agents with higher-quality evidence.
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Abouzid, Mohamed, Anna K. Główka, and Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada. "Trend research of vitamin D receptor: Bibliometric analysis." Health Informatics Journal 27, no. 4 (October 2021): 146045822110431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211043158.
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Studies on vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its association with multiple disorders are expanding. This bibliometric study aims to find and summarize VDR-related publications, and compare them across various countries, organizations, and journals to demonstrate trends in VDR research. VOSviewer and Excel 2019 were used to classify and summarize Web of Science articles from 1900 to mid-2021. Total records of 8762 articles were analyzed, and maps of co-citations bibliometric keywords co-occurrence were designed. In conclusion, relative research interest and published papers related to VDR were growing in the past 30 years. The United States of America dominates the research regarding VDR. The highest quality of VDR research was achieved by the University of California System, University of Wisconsin System, and Harvard University. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, PLoS One, and J Biol Chem are the leading three productive journals on VDR. Various aspects of vitamin D deficiency associated disorders and genetic studies regarding VDR, including single nucleotide polymorphism, gene variants, epigenome, long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA), and small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 are potentially the recent research hotspot in this field. Moreover, coronavirus disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gut microbiota, gestational diabetes, systemic sclerosis, and chemoresistance are the trending medical conditions associated with VDR.
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Abouzid, Mohamed, Anna K. Główka, and Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada. "Trend research of vitamin D receptor: Bibliometric analysis." Health Informatics Journal 27, no. 4 (October 2021): 146045822110431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211043158.
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Studies on vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its association with multiple disorders are expanding. This bibliometric study aims to find and summarize VDR-related publications, and compare them across various countries, organizations, and journals to demonstrate trends in VDR research. VOSviewer and Excel 2019 were used to classify and summarize Web of Science articles from 1900 to mid-2021. Total records of 8762 articles were analyzed, and maps of co-citations bibliometric keywords co-occurrence were designed. In conclusion, relative research interest and published papers related to VDR were growing in the past 30 years. The United States of America dominates the research regarding VDR. The highest quality of VDR research was achieved by the University of California System, University of Wisconsin System, and Harvard University. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, PLoS One, and J Biol Chem are the leading three productive journals on VDR. Various aspects of vitamin D deficiency associated disorders and genetic studies regarding VDR, including single nucleotide polymorphism, gene variants, epigenome, long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA), and small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 are potentially the recent research hotspot in this field. Moreover, coronavirus disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gut microbiota, gestational diabetes, systemic sclerosis, and chemoresistance are the trending medical conditions associated with VDR.
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Jenkinson, Jodie, and Gaël McGill. "Visualizing Protein Interactions and Dynamics: Evolving a Visual Language for Molecular Animation." CBE—Life Sciences Education 11, no. 1 (March 2012): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-08-0071.
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Undergraduate biology education provides students with a number of learning challenges. Subject areas that are particularly difficult to understand include protein conformational change and stability, diffusion and random molecular motion, and molecular crowding. In this study, we examined the relative effectiveness of three-dimensional visualization techniques for learning about protein conformation and molecular motion in association with a ligand–receptor binding event. Increasingly complex versions of the same binding event were depicted in each of four animated treatments. Students (n = 131) were recruited from the undergraduate biology program at University of Toronto, Mississauga. Visualization media were developed in the Center for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics at Harvard Medical School. Stem cell factor ligand and cKit receptor tyrosine kinase were used as a classical example of a ligand-induced receptor dimerization and activation event. Each group completed a pretest, viewed one of four variants of the animation, and completed a posttest and, at 2 wk following the assessment, a delayed posttest. Overall, the most complex animation was the most effective at fostering students' understanding of the events depicted. These results suggest that, in select learning contexts, increasingly complex representations may be more desirable for conveying the dynamic nature of cell binding events.
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Yang, Yi, Yao Ma, Lingmin Chen, Yuqi Liu, and Yonggang Zhang. "The 100 Top-Cited Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses on Diabetic Research." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (September 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5767582.
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Objective. The objective of this study was to analyze the 100 top-cited systematic reviews/meta-analyses on diabetic research. Methods. The Science Citation Index Expanded database was searched to identify top-cited studies on diabetic research up to March 4th, 2020. Studies were analyzed using the following characteristics: citation number, publication year, country and institution of origin, authorship, topics, and journals. Results. The 100 top-cited diabetic systematic reviews/meta-analyses were published in 43 different journals, with Diabetes Care having the highest numbers (n=17), followed by The Journal of the American Medical Association (n=14) and Lancet (n=9). The majority of studies are published in the 2000s. The number of citations ranged from 2197 to 301. The highest number of contributions was from the USA, followed by England and Australia. The leading institution was Harvard University. The hot topic was a risk factor (n=33), followed by comorbidity (n=27). Conclusions. The 100 top-cited systematic reviews/meta-analyses on diabetic research identify impactful authors, journals, institutes, and countries. It will also provide the most important references to evidence-based medicine in diabetes and serve as a guide to the features of a citable paper in this field.
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Stamou, Maria, Shi-Yan Ng, Harrison Brand, Harold Wang, Lacey Plummer, Lyle Best, Steven Havlicek, et al. "A Balanced Translocation in Kallmann Syndrome Implicates a Long Noncoding RNA, RMST, as a GnRH Neuronal Regulator." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 3 (October 19, 2019): e231-e244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz011.
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Abstract Context Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous Mendelian disorder. Structural defects in KS patients have helped define the genetic architecture of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal development in this condition. Objective Examine the functional role a novel structural defect affecting a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), RMST, found in a KS patient. Design Whole genome sequencing, induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neural crest cells (NCC) from the KS patient were contrasted with controls. Setting The Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Genomic Medicine, and Singapore Genome Institute. Patient A KS patient with a unique translocation, t(7;12)(q22;q24). Interventions/Main Outcome Measure/Results A novel translocation was detected affecting the lncRNA, RMST, on chromosome 12 in the absence of any other KS mutations. Compared with controls, the patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells and NCC provided functional information regarding RMST. Whereas RMST expression increased during NCC differentiation in controls, it was substantially reduced in the KS patient’s NCC coincident with abrogated NCC morphological development and abnormal expression of several “downstream” genes essential for GnRH ontogeny (SOX2, PAX3, CHD7, TUBB3, and MKRN3). Additionally, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in RMST was significantly implicated in a genome-wide association study associated with age of menarche. Conclusions A novel deletion in RMST implicates the loss of function of a lncRNA as a unique cause of KS and suggests it plays a critical role in the ontogeny of GnRH neurons and puberty.
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Lambert-Messerlian, G. M., and B. L. Harlow. "The Influence of Depression, Body Mass Index, and Smoking on Serum Inhibin B Levels in Late Reproductive-Aged Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2515.
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Context: Women experiencing depression have difficult psychosocial functioning, and recent data suggest an earlier onset of menopause. Understanding the biological mechanism for the impairment of reproductive function associated with depression is important. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether a lifetime history of depression is associated with reduced ovarian reserve as reflected in serum levels of the granulosa cell product, inhibin B. Design: Residual serum samples from a subset of patients in the Harvard Study of Cycles and Moods were collected. Setting: Patients were recruited from seven Boston-area communities. Patients: Women with or without a history of major depression, based on structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were enrolled. A subset of patients who had provided an early follicular phase blood specimen at study enrollment and two or more other samples over the first 18-month period of follow-up were included. Intervention: There were no interventions. Main Outcome Measure: Serum inhibin B levels were measured. Results: Serum FSH levels were higher in women with a history of depression, whereas inhibin B levels did not differ between groups. Body mass index and age were significantly and inversely related to serum inhibin B levels. Smoking history was noted, for the first time, to have a significant negative association with inhibin B levels. Conclusions: Smoking has a direct negative effect on ovarian reserve, as suggested by decreased serum inhibin B levels. In contrast, effects of depression on the reproductive axis may occur at the level of the pituitary and/or hypothalamus rather than at the gonadal level, as suggested by increased serum FSH levels.
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Sebastian, Kimberley N., Hatice Gülçin Özer, Cory Howard, Laura Chadsey, Arletta Lozanski, Tzyy-Jye Doong, Gerard Lozanski, et al. "Abstract 1620: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in the companion dog." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1620.
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Abstract Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a clinical entity of aging humans that is characterized by cancer-associated mutations in white blood cells, without evidence of overt neoplasia. CHIP has been associated with an increased risk of hematologic cancers, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that somatic mutations in specific genes associated with human CHIP would be detectable in the blood of aged dogs not known to have hematologic disorders. Methods: DNA from paired germline and whole blood samples from 93 geriatric canine patients affected by solid cancer were subjected to targeted next generation sequencing. Impact of the variants was predicted using Polymorphism Phenotyping version 2 software (PolyPhen-2, Harvard). Clinical and demographic data were extracted from medical records. Results: Somatic variants were detected in peripheral blood of four (4.3%) female dogs aged 12-15 years. Affected genes were ASXL1, KIT, SF3B1, TET2, RUNX1, and PPM1D. The variant in PPM1D was a nonsense mutation, while the other five variants were single nucleotide non-synonymous variants in protein coding regions of the genes. Following analysis by PolyPhen-2, the single nucleotide variants in KIT and SF3B1 were predicted to be benign, while the variants in ASXL1, TET2, and RUNX1 were predicted to be damaging. Conclusion: These results support the presence of variants in CHIP-associated genes in geriatric canids at a frequency similar to that observed in people, and the dog represents the first species in which the genetic lesion of CHIP has been documented. Further investigations are needed to confirm the association of this genetic lesion with clinical outcomes. Citation Format: Kimberley N. Sebastian, Hatice Gülçin Özer, Cory Howard, Laura Chadsey, Arletta Lozanski, Tzyy-Jye Doong, Gerard Lozanski, Wenjuan Ma, William C. Kisseberth, John C. Byrd, Bonnie K. Harrington. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in the companion dog [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1620.
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Kheiri, Babikir, Ahmed Abdalla, Mohamed Osman, Tarek Haykal, Sai Chintalapati, James Cranford, Sahar Ahmed, Mustafa Hassan, Ghassan Bachuwa, and Deepak L. Bhatt. "Restrictive Versus Liberal Red Blood Cell Transfusion for Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111993.
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Abstract Introduction:Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are among the most common recipients of allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. However, whether restrictive RBC transfusion strategies for cardiac surgery achieve a similar clinical outcome in comparison with liberal strategies remains unclear. Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Trials, and conference proceedings from inception to December 2017 for all randomized trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were stroke, respiratory morbidity, renal morbidity, infections, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmia, gut morbidity, reoperation, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (hours), and hospital length of stay (days). We calculated the risk ratios (RR) and weighted mean difference (MD) for the clinical outcomes using a random-effects model. Results:We included 9 RCTs with a total of 9,005 patients. There was no significant difference in mortality between groups (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.74-1.45; P=0.86). In addition, there were no significant differences between groups in the clinical outcomes of infections (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.94-1.26; P=0.26), stroke (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.72-1.35; P=0.91), respiratory morbidity (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.89-1.24; P=0.58), renal morbidity (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.09; P=0.68), myocardial infarction (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.80-1.24; P=0.99), cardiac arrhythmia (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.88-1.26; P=0.56), gastrointestinal morbidity (RR 1.93; 95% CI 0.81-4.63; P=0.14), or reoperation (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.67-1.20; P=0.46). There was a significant difference in the intensive care unit length of stay (hours) (MD 4.29; 95% CI: 2.19-6.39, P<0.01) favoring the liberal group. However, there was no significant difference in the hospital length of stay (days) (MD 0.15; 95% CI -0.18-0.48; P=0.38). Conclusion:This meta-analysis showed that restrictive strategies for RBC transfusion are as safe as liberal strategies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Key points: Restrictive strategies for red blood cell transfusion are as safe as liberal approaches in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Longer duration of stay in the intensive care unit is more common in patients managed with a restrictive transfusion approach. However, the overall hospital length of stay appeared to be similar between both groups. Further studies are needed to ascertain threshold triggers for RBC transfusion. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Hassan: abott: Other: grant. Bhatt:American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee: Other: chair; Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSof: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medscape Cardiology: Consultancy; Regado Biosciences: Consultancy; Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology: Consultancy, trustee; cardax: Consultancy; Abbott, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chiesi, Eisai, Ethicon, Forest Laboratories, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Lilly, Medtronic, PhaseBio, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Synaptic, The Medicines: Research Funding; Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Cleveland Clinic, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Population: Other: Data monitoring committee; American College of Cardiology; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, Merck, PLx Pharma, Takeda.: Other: trustee; ACC Accreditation Committee), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter),: Other: board member; American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org: Honoraria.
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Anand, Shilpa, Susan Thomas, Mahesh Jayachandra, Tinku Thomas, Tor Arne Strand, Anura V. Kurpad, Christopher P. Duggan, and Krishnamachari Srinivasan. "Effects of maternal B12 supplementation on neurophysiological outcomes in children: a study protocol for an extended follow-up from a placebo randomised control trial in Bangalore, India." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024426.
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IntroductionVitamin B12 deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant Indian women. Neuropsychological tests have shown an association between low maternal vitamin B12 status and poorer cognitive performances in the offspring, although findings from these studies have been inconsistent. Vitamin B12 has an important role in the formation of myelin which is important for the transmission speed of neural impulses and myelination in the central nervous system has been linked to cognition. Assessing neurophysiological measures using event-related potentials (ERPs) in children may provide additional information on the effect of maternal vitamin B12 supplementation on offspring brain function. The study examines the effects of oral vitamin B12 daily supplements (50 µg) to pregnant Indian women on child neurophysiological function at 72 months.Methods and analysisWe previously conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effects of maternal vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive outcomes in their offspring using the Bayley scales of infant development, third edition. In this extended follow-up of the same cohort of mother-child dyad, we propose to use ERP to study the long-term impact of maternal B12 supplementation on brain function in children at 72 months of age. We intend to use P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) as measures of neurophysiological outcomes. The primary outcome of this study will be child neurophysiological measures (as measured by amplitude and latency of P300 and MMN) assessed at 72 months of age in children whose mothers received vitamin B12 compared with neurophysiological status of children whose mothers received placebo.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Board of St. John’s Medical College and the Harvard School of Public Health Human Subjects Committee. Results obtained will be presented at national and international research meetings and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT00641862.
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D'Cruz, Osmond J., and Gilbert G. Haas. "Fluorescence-labeled fucolectins are superior markers for flow cytometric quantitation of the human sperm acrosome reaction**Presented in part at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California, July 9 to 12, 1995.††Supported in part by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation (GA PS 9317), New York, New York, and the University of Oklahoma Medical Alumni Association, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Osmond J. D'Cruz is an Alumni Research Scholar of the University of Oklahoma." Fertility and Sterility 65, no. 4 (April 1996): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58224-7.
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Veal, Donna F. "Association of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Neonatal Intensive Care Units JONATHAN FREEMAN,* §** M.D., SC.D., DONALD A. GOLDMANN, M.D., ∥ NANCY E. SMITH, M.S.,§ DAVID G. SIDEBOTTOM, M.D.,∥ MICHAEL F. EPSTEIN,†¶ M.D., RICHARD PLAT, M.D., M.S.*‡ Department of Medicine,* Department of Newborn Medicine,† and Infection Control Unit,‡ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Brockton/West Roxbury Veterans Affair Medical Center, West Roxbury, Massachusetts;§ Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Program ∥ and Division of Newborn Medicine, ¶ Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 6, no. 1 (February 1991): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453369100600108.
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Beattie, Pauline, and Moses Bockarie. "THE NINTH FORUM OF THE EUROPEAN & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLINICAL TRIALS PARTNERSHIP." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.1.
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The EDCTP community meets biennially to share research findings, plan new partnerships and collaborations, and discuss maximising impact from EDCTP-funded research. In 2018, the Ninth EDCTP Forum took place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 17–21 September 2018. The Lisbon meeting was the largest international conference focusing on clinical research on poverty-related infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. It started with a strong commitment, from European and African EDCTP member countries, for a successor programme to EDCTP2 (2014–2024). It provided a platform for the presentation of project results and discussion of progress in clinical research and capacity strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa.The theme of the Ninth Forum was ‘Clinical research and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa: the impact of North-South partnerships’. This reflected not only the broader scope of a larger EDCTP research programme but also the growing awareness of the need for global cooperation to prepare for public health emergencies and strengthen health systems. The theme highlighted the impact of Europe-Africa partnerships supporting clinical research and the clinical research environment, towards achieving the sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa.A central topic of the Forum was the discussion of the character and scope of an EDCTP successor programme, which should start in 2021 under the next European Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon Europe. On 17 September, a high-level meeting on this topic took place immediately before the opening of the Forum1. On 19 September, the plenary session continued this discussion through a panel of representatives of strategic partners. There was consensus on the added value of the programme for Europe and the countries in sub-Saharan Africa and political commitment to a successor programme. Poverty-related infectious diseases and a partnership approach will remain central to the programme. There was also a general awareness that all participating countries would need to engage more strongly with a successor programme, both in its governance and in their financial contributions to its objectives.The Forum hosted 550 participants from more than 50countries. The programme consisted of keynote addresses by policy makers, research leaders, and prominent speakers from Europe and Africa in 5 plenary presentations. There were 9 symposia, 45 oral presentations in parallel sessions, and 74 electronic poster presentations. Abstracts of the plenary, oral and poster presentations are published in this supplement to BMJ Global Health.EDCTP is proud of its contribution to strengthening clinical research capacity in Africa, with more than 400 postgraduate students and 56 EDCTP fellows supported under the first EDCTP programme. The second programme developed a comprehensive fellowship scheme. More than 100 EDCTP fellows (former and current) participated in a one-day pre-conference to discuss the further development of our Alumni Network launched in 2017. The Forum also offered scholarships to many early and mid-career researchers from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP member countries and sponsors, they were able to present results of their studies and meet colleagues from Africa and Europe.The Forum also provided the appropriate platform for recognising individual and team achievements through the four EDCTP 2018 Prizes. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP recognised outstanding individuals and research teams from Africa and Europe. In addition to their scientific excellence, the awardees made major contributions to the EDCTP objectives of clinical research capacity development in Africa and establishing research networks between North and South as well as within sub-Saharan Africa.Dr Pascoal Mocumbi Prize Professor Souleyman Mboup (Professor of Microbiology, University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar; Head of the Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory of CHU Le Dantec, Dakar; and President of IRESSEF, Senegal) was recognised for his outstanding achievements in advancing health research and capacity development in Africa.Outstanding Research Team Prize The prize was awarded to the team of the CHAPAS (Children with HIV in Africa – Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of simple antiretroviral regimens) studies, led by Professor Diana Gibb (MRC Clinical Trials Unit, United Kingdom).Outstanding Female Scientist Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Gita Ramjee (Chief Specialist Scientist and Director of the HIV Prevention Research Unit of the South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa) for her outstanding contributions to her field.Scientific Leadership Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Keertan Dheda (Head of the Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity and Head of the Division of Pulmonology at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, South Africa) for his research contributions and leadership.Partnership is at the core of the EDCTP mission. In the year before the Forum, Nigeria and Ethiopia were welcomed as the newest member countries of the EDCTP Association, while Angola became an aspirant member. Partnership was also demonstrated by the many stakeholders who enriched the programme by organising scientific symposia, collaborative sessions and workshops. We thank our sponsors Novartis, Merck, the European Union, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Institute of Health Carlos III (Spain), the National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health (France), the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), the Swedish International Development Agency (Sweden), ClinaPharm (African CRO), the Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung (Germany), The Global Health Network (United Kingdom), PATH, and ScreenTB. We gratefully acknowledge the support of our partners and hosts of the Forum, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.The tenth EDCTP Forum will take place in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020.
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Moldovan, Horașiu. "CARDIAC SURGERY AT A CROSS-POINT." Journal of Surgical Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/jss.v2i2.106.
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The cardiac surgery is the youngest surgical specialty that has emerged in the early period of the 20th century. Surprisingly, however, it is also the first surgical specialty that seems to be the first to disappear in a way or another in the second half of the 21st century. Even if the optimists consider this will never happen, it is expected that cardiac surgery will suffer a radical metamorphosis, which makes the realists say that this field of surgery will actually disappear.Before the beginning of the 20th century, the surgeons around the world have been convinced that human heart is untouchable. Remarkable surgeons of the 19th century like Theodor Billroth – the founder of the Viennese school of surgery- said in 1863 that “ Any surgeon that dares to perform surgery on the heart will fail and will lose the appreciation of his colleagues” [1]. This statement reveals the general opinion of that time, that the human heart is the center of the soul, of life itself and therefore it should never be touched. Considering this, Sharman stated in 1902 in „The American Journal of Medical Association” : “even though the heart lies at a few centimeters beneath the skin, it took 2400 years for surgery to reach this distance” [2].Ironically, the same year that English surgeon Stephan Paget stated that “probably the human heart is boundary that nature set for any kind of surgery -1896- was also the year when Ludwig Rehn, a German surgeon from Frankfurt, managed to successfully repair a right ventricular wound, signing the birth certificate of the cardiac surgery [3]. Since then the myth that the human heart can’t be touched by surgeons vanished and the sacred center of the heart has been opened…Two distinct periods of cardiac surgery can be identified over the next 100 years. The first period is the so called “surgery on a closed heart”, before the invention of extracorporeal circulation. In this heroic period, the first interventions that involved the pericardium were performed.In the first years of the 20th century, Alexis Carell imagined the experimental basis of cardio-vascular surgery. He invented the vascular sutures, demonstrated the possibility of organ transplantation and imagined coronary surgery. As recognition of his fundamental work he received the Nobel prize for medicine and physiology in 1912. Although he never performed surgery on humans, Alexis Carell remains to this day the first surgeon in history that was awarded with this prestigious prize [4].Surgery of the pericardium started in 1920 with Ludwig Rehn and Ferdinand Sauerbruch [5]. The first surgical approach of the aortic valve was realized by Theodor Tyffier in Paris in 1912 [6]. He succeeded to enlarge an aortic stenosis through a purse on the anterior wall of the aorta. In 1923, in Boston, USA, Elliot Cuttler realized the first instrumental mitral valve valvulotomy on a 12 year old girl [7]. Using a specially modified forceps, and the apex of the left ventricle as the initial approach, he managed to successfully open the mitral valve commissures and then to close the incision on the left ventricle. The first digital mitral valve commissurotomy through the left appendage was performed in 1925 by Sir Henry Soutar[8]. Catastrophic results ( 90% mortality) lead surgeons to abandon this procedure for the next 25 years. In 1948, Charles P. Bailey (Philadelphia), Dwight E. Harken (Boston) and Russell Brock (London) realized the first successful mitral valve commissurotomy [9,10].The first ligature of patent arterial duct was performed by Robert Edward Gross. This procedure took place at Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital from Boston, Massachusetts, in 1938 [11].Palliative treatment of the Fallot tetralogy started with the first systemic-pulmonary shunt,realized by Alfred Blalock in 1944 at John Hopkins Hospital [12]. The idea of subclavio-pulmonaryanastomosis was born with the contribution of Hellen Taussig, founder of pediatric cardiology.Treatment of aortic coarctation was independently realized by Edward Gross and Clarance Crafoord in 1945. Both surgeons managed to excised the diseased segment of the aorta and then performed an end to end anastomosis of the aorta [13].Sir Thomas Holmes-Sellors in 1947 and Russel Brock in 1948 realized the first pulmonary valvevalvulotomy [10].In our country, professor Nicolae Hortolomei was the first to perform surgery on the heart atColtea Hospital. He legated a patent arterial duct, excised an aortic coarctation and successfullyrealized in 1953 a digitally mitral valve commissurotomy [14].The second period of cardiac surgery began with the developing of the extracorporeal circulation.This technology allowed stopping the heart and keeping the patient alive, using a device thatmanage to circulate and oxygenate the blood. This ensemble composed of a pomp and anoxygenator was called “the extracorporeal circulation machine” and made possible the future development of “open cardiac surgery”.In 1946 Wilfred G. Bigelow (Toronto, Canada ), demonstrated the role of hypothermia inincreasing the tissue resistance to hypoxemia. This concept is fundamental in the development of extracorporeal circulation [15]. The first procedure on an open heart was realized by John Lewis from University of Minnesota, Mineapolis USA, on 2 september 1952. He used profund hypotermia and occlusion of the caval veins, without using extracorporeal circulation. Using this technique he closed an interatrial septal defect in a 6 year old boy. Time was his biggest limitation, because the heart could not be stoped for more than 8-10 minutes.On 6 may 1953, John H. Gibbon realised the first open heart surgery using an extracorporealcirculation machine [16]. He succesfully closed and interatrial septal deffect on an 18 years old girl.Unfortunatly he lost the following 4 patients, and he decided to abandon this king of surgery after20 years of research.A year later, on the 26th of March 1954 at „University of Minesotta” from Mineapolis USA, C.Walton Lillehei closed an inteventricluar septal defect on a child using the so called “crossedcirculation technique”. In this procedure, he connected the patient’s circulaton to his fathercirculation, trying to repoduce the fetal circulation [17]. Using this technique he operated 45patients, being the first surgeon that closed ventricular septal defects, corrected the commonatrioventricular canal and treated the Fallot tetralogy. Finding a compatible match for the “cross circulation” was the biggest limit of this technique. This method was untill the developement of liver and renal transplant, the only kind of surgery that could reach 200% mortality rate and was abandoned later due to ethical considerations.Starting from 1955, John Kirkling (Mayo Clinic), used the extracorporeal circulation machine(pomp - oxigenator) [18]. He used the Mayo-Gibbon-IBM type, and this technology began to beused all over the world.In Romania, the first surgical procedure on the heart using an extracorporeal circulation machinewas realized in 1961 at Fundeni Hospital (Bucharest). A remarkable team composed of professor Voinea Marinescu and professor Dan Setlacec, closed an atrial septal defect on an 18 years old boy.The extracorporeal machine was handled by Marian Ionescu, and the anesthesia was managed by professor George Litarczek. The patient is still living.Surgery of the cardiac valves started in 1960 when Albert Starr realized the first mitral valvereplacement [19].Without a doubt coronary artery bypass grafting is the most widly spread type of cardiac surgery.Initially introduced by Michael DeBakey and later perfected by Renee Favaloro in 1960, thisprocedure remains one of the most frequent and best studied type of surgery in medicine [20].A crucial moment in the history of cardiac surgery is represented by the first cardiac transplanton human performed by Christian Barnard in 1967[21]. This achievement consecrate cardiacsurgery as a high performace field and made the cardiac surgen a public figure. In this moment, thelove story between cardiac surgery and media started. Most probably the majority of active cardiac surgeons of this generation owe Christiaan Barnard their option for choosing this field and this medical specialty her huge succes.It is considered that the maximum moment of cardiac surgery is the year 1986 when worldwide over 2000 procedures on the open heart were performed daily.But new discoveries started to appear in the cardiovascular field. In the 70s percutaneous procedures were invented. Andreas Gruntzig realized in 1977 the first coronary angioplasty and coronary stents were implanted in 1986 by Puel and Sigwart. Development on interventional cardiology was exponential and nowadays at the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery simposium about the future of cardiac surgery, 90% of the cardiac surgeons stated that they would prefer the coronary stent over coronar artery bypass grafting surgery if they would have to choose as patients.Starting with 2003 when was realised the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the exclusive field of cardiac valve surgery is partialy claimed by interventional cardiology [23].The field of aortic anevrisms and acute dissections falls from cardiac surgery also to interventional cardiology after the developement of endoaortic stent grafts [24,25].As a consequence the number of coronary artery bypass grating procedures falls 28% between 1997 and 2004 in the USA. Meanwhile coronary percutaneos procedures rises with 121% [24,28]. Also it is possible that for the first time in history, the number of cardiac surgeons will decrease untill 2020 [24.28].But cardiac surgery extends in to new fields in order to survive. For exemple, one of the future aspect is the treatment of cardiac insuffiency. It is estimated that over 5 milion americans have cardiac insuffiency [26] and cardiac transplantation is the solution for these patients. Unfortunately, the number of donors falls, and this is no longer an effective solution. Multiple devices are designed in order to help the heart, ranging from univentricular asist devices to artificial hearts. This devices can act as a bridge to cardiac transplantation or they can be the solution for patients that are not eligible for cardiac transplantation.Surgical treatment of atrial fibrilation remains a solid options for patients with this disease which have a high risk of emboly or progression to cardiac insufficiency [27].The field of corection of congenital cardiac malformations lessens because of early diagnostic and possibility to end the pregnancy. But there are surgical treatments for children that are born with complex congenital heart malformations with optimal results.The development of minimally invasive techniques, robotics and hybrid ones represents the response of cardiac surgery to interventional cardiology.Apparently, cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology are merging. More and more patients are heald in hybrind operating rooms, using hybrid techniques. The concept of “heart teams” emerges- a team made of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and cardiac anesthesiologists. Probably, in the future will exist only a cardiologist-cardiac surgeon or a cardiac surgeon-cardiologist, either way a specialist in cardiovascular medicine.The conclusion isn’t pessimistic. As long as there will be patients, doctors will be needed. It remains to be seen if they will be surgeons, interventional cardiologists or just cardiologists.Certainly, general anesthesia, opeaning the mediastinum through median sternotomy using an electic saw and circulating the patients blood through the extracorporeal circulation machine, not to mention stopping the heart, isn’t the future.But introducing needls in arteries, wires in the aorta and pen sprins into the coronary isn’t also the future.Without a doubt, the future belongs to physicians that will cure cardiovascular disease with pills or even better just with advices...
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Batista Neto, Alberto Leopoldo. "O ensino de filosofia e a ideia de uma universidade." Trilhas Filosóficas 12, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v12i1.34.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Autor de uma obra filosófica abrangente, Alasdair MacIntyre manifesta um interesse profundo pelo tema da educação, tendo refletido, em particular, seriamente sobre a universidade. Sua concepção de universidade é fortemente influenciada por aquela defendida por John Henry Newman no século XIX, e se relaciona intimamente, tanto quanto para Newman, com a sua compreensão sobre a filosofia. Partindo de tal concepção, é possível refletir sistematicamente sobre a questão do ensino de filosofia, tanto no interior da vida universitária quanto nas relações desta última com a sociedade e a cultura em geral, inclusive com um foco particular sobre a realidade brasileira.
Palavras-chave: Alasdair MacIntyre (1929-). John Henry Newman (1801-1890). Universidade. Ensino de filosofia.
Abstract: Authoring a comprehensive philosophical oeuvre, Alasdair MacIntyre manifests a profound interest on the subject of education, having produced in particular a serious reflection on the theme of the university. His conception of a university is strongly influenced by that of John Henry Newman in the 19th century, and is intimately related, as much as with Newman’s, to his understanding of philosophy. Beginning with such a conception, it is possible to systematically meditate on the matter of the teaching of philosophy, within the university walls as well as at its general cultural and social boundaries, including a particular focus on Brazilian reality.
Keywords: Alasdair MacIntyre (1929-). John Henry Newman (1801-1890). University. Philosophy teaching.
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Rautiainen, Susanne, I.-Min Lee, and Howard D. "Abstract P271: Diet in Association with Weight Change and the Development of Overweight and Obesity - A Prospective Study of Men." Circulation 133, suppl_1 (March 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p271.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity has become an epidemic affecting all age and socioeconomic groups worldwide with tremendous health consequences. Research is needed to determine modifiable lifestyle factors, including dietary factors, to prevent adults from becoming overweight or obese. Hypothesis: Diet is associated with weight change and overweight and obesity development. Methods: The Harvard Alumni Health Study is a prospective cohort study of men who matriculated at Harvard University from 1916-1950, and who have been followed by periodic questionnaires since 1962. We studied 6614 men free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes (mean age, 65.5 years) who were nonobese (body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m 2 ) based on a 1988 questionnaire that also inquired about lifestyle, clinical, and dietary factors (23-item food frequency questionnaire). We considered individual dietary factors and a derived Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score of 6 dietary components: high intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, and low-fat dairy products, and low intake of sweets and red/processed meats). Men reported body weight on follow-up questionnaires in 1993 and 1998; 5- and 10-year body weight changes were computed along with the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of becoming overweight or obese, adjusting for various lifestyle and clinical factors as well as baseline BMI. Results: Over a 10-year period, 631 of 3906 initially normal weight (BMI≤25 kg/m 2 ) men became overweight or obese, and 230 of 6614 men initially nonobese (BMI≤30 kg/m 2 ) became obese. The multivariable-adjusted 5-year mean changes in body weight (standard deviation) were 0.03 (0.12), -0.12 (0.07), and -0.36 (0.09) kg, among men consuming total dairy products ≤6 times/week, 1-2 times/day, and ≥3 times/day (P-trend: 0.009), respectively, primarily driven by high-fat dairy intake (P, trend = 0.02). These associations weakened for 10-year weight changes. Higher tea consumption was inversely associated with greater 10-year (P-trend = 0.04), but not 5-year, weight loss. Among initially normal weight men, alcohol intake was inversely associated with a lower odds of becoming overweight or obese (OR (95% CI) for ≥168 versus 0 grams/week, 0.69 (0.49, 0.98); P, trend = 0.08). Other individual dietary factors were not associated with the odds of becoming overweight or obese. When investigating a combination of 6 beneficial dietary factors derived from the DASH score, an inverse linear association was observed with a lower OR of becoming obese (P-trend = 0.048), but not for becoming overweight or obese. Conclusion: In this prospective study of older men, selected individual dietary factors as well as a broader score reflecting a beneficial diet was related to less weight gain and lower odds of becoming overweight or obese.
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Pereira, Joseph A., Kari Hannibal, Jasmine Stecker, Jennifer Kasper, Jeffrey N. Katz, and Rose L. Molina. "Professional language use by alumni of the Harvard Medical School Medical Language Program." BMC Medical Education 20, no. 1 (November 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02323-x.
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Abstract Background Despite the growing number of patients with limited English proficiency in the United States, not all medical schools offer medical language courses to train future physicians in practicing language-concordant care. Little is known about the long-term use of non-English languages among physicians who took language courses in medical school. We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the professional language use of Harvard Medical School (HMS) alumni who took a medical language course at HMS and identify opportunities to improve the HMS Medical Language Program. Methods Between October and November 2019, we sent an electronic survey to 803 HMS alumni who took a medical language course at HMS between 1991 and 2019 and collected responses. The survey had questions about the language courses and language use in the professional setting. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and McNemar’s test for comparing proportions with paired data. The study was determined not to constitute human subjects research. Results The response rate was 26% (206/803). More than half of respondents (n = 118, 57%) cited their desire to use the language in their future careers as the motivation for taking the language courses. Twenty-eight (14%) respondents indicated a change from not proficient before taking the course to proficient at the time of survey whereas only one (0.5%) respondent changed from proficient to not proficient (McNemar’s p-value < 0.0001). Respondents (n = 113, 56%) reported that clinical electives abroad influenced their cultural understanding of the local in-country population and their language proficiency. Only 13% (n = 27) of respondents have worked in a setting that required formal assessments of non-English language proficiency. Conclusions HMS alumni of the Medical Language Program reported improved language proficiency after the medical language courses’ conclusion, suggesting that the courses may catalyze long-term language learning. We found that a majority of respondents reported that the medical language courses influenced their desire to work with individuals who spoke the language of the courses they took. Medical language courses may equip physicians to practice language-concordant care in their careers.
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Sorouri, Kimia. "Dr. Richard Heinzl: At the Forefront of Global Healthcare." Meducator 1, no. 20 (January 13, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/m.v1i20.789.
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Dr. Richard Heinzl is a McMaster Medical School alumni. He also studied at Harvard and Oxford University, where he received Master degrees in Public Health and Science, respectively. Dr. Heinzl was connected to McMaster University prior to becoming a student himself as his father, Rudy Heinzl, was the Dean of Student Affairs for 11 years. Dr. Heinzl founded the Canadian chapter of Médicins Sans Frontières only a year after graduating from Medical School. When he is not abroad practicing medicine or performing research, Dr. Heinzl often returns to McMaster to share his immense knowledge and life experiences. His most recent presentation at McMaster on October 19th was organized by the Medical School community. During this presentation, Dr. Heinzl shared key aspects of a health plan he is constructing for the Kalinago people of Dominica.
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Peng, Yan, Yuxin Li, and Lijia Wei. "Positive Sentiment and the Donation Amount: Social Norms in Crowdfunding Donations During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (February 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818510.
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Public welfare fundraising has been used to collect donations for medical supplies and has played an important role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper studies online crowdfunding donations from the Alumni Association of Wuhan University to North American alumni; donation data are used to investigate how individuals' donation behavior is affected by the previous donation amount and information provided by the fundraising platform. First, our results show that one's donation amount is positively affected by the previous donation amount. Second, the donor's positive sentiment in the message that he or she leaves, as measured by either natural language processing or a manual rating, can affect the subsequent anonymity and messages but not the subsequent donation amount. Third, anonymous donations are much smaller than non-anonymous donations.
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Bennett J. Maki, Karen C. Riley, Raymond Christensen, Kirby Clark, and Paula M. Termuhlen. "Do Rural Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships Impact Choice of Residency Type and/or Permanent Community Practice in Surgery?" Journal of Regional Medical Campuses 4, no. 3 (October 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/jrmc.v4i3.3621.
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Purpose: Rural general surgery experiences during medical school appear to have influenced the decision of prospective general surgery applicants to pursue residency programs that provide rural surgery opportunities. This is an analysis of a single cohort, rural-focused, longitudinal integrated clerkship to determine if there is an association between type of residency program and completion of a rural-focused longitudinal integrated clerkship.
Methods: An institutional database of de-identified, self-reported data was reviewed to identify rural-focused longitudinal integrated clerkship alumni who matched into a surgical residency program.
Findings: Of the seventy-five alumni who chose a surgical residency program, 40 (53.3%) matched into a university-affiliated residency program, and 32 (42.6%) matched into an independent-academic program. There was no association between type of residency program and completion of a rural-focused longitudinal integrated clerkship.
Conclusions: A rural-focused longitudinal integrated clerkship can help increase the rural physician workforce within both the state and region of the sponsoring institution. To facilitate heightened interest in rural general surgery, these types of programs should continue to be promoted.
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Liu, Yang, Yun Wang, Shan Qin, Xinye Jin, Lingzi Jin, Weijun Gu, and Yiming Mu. "Insights Into Genome-Wide Association Study for Diabetes: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 2001 to 2021." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (March 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.817620.
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Hundreds of research and review articles concerning genome-wide association study (GWAS) in diabetes have been published in the last two decades. We aimed to evaluate the hotspots and future trends in GWAS in diabetes research through bibliometric analysis. Accordingly, 567 research and review articles published between 2001 and 2021 were included. A rising trend was noted in the annual number of publications and citations on GWAS in diabetes during this period. Harvard University and Harvard Medical School have played leading roles in genome research. Hotspot analyses indicated that DNA methylation and genetic variation, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus, are likely to remain the research hotspots. Moreover, the identification of genetic phenotypes associated with adiposity, metabolic memory, pancreatic islet, and inflammation is the leading trend in this research field. Through this review, we provide predictions on the main research trends in the future so as to shed light on new directions and ideas for further investigations on the genetic etiology of diabetes for its prevention and treatment.
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Feibel, Robert M. "Henry R. Viets, MD, and the history of myasthenia gravis." Neurology, November 20, 2020, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011239.
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Henry R. Viets (1890–1969) was both a noted neurologist and medical historian. While at Harvard Medical School, from which he graduated in 1916, he attracted the attention of Harvey Cushing who directed Viets into these disciplines. Cushing arranged for Viets to take a fellowship in Oxford in the year after his graduation. With Cushing's recommendation, he lived with Sir William and Lady Osler and did research with the famous neurologist Sir Charles Sherrington. Viets was in London in 1935 when he heard about the remarkable success of Mary Walker in treating myasthenia gravis, first with physostigmine and then with neostigmine (Prostigmin). Securing an ampoule of this drug, he took it to the Massachusetts General Hospital where he was an attending neurologist and in March 1935 injected it into a myasthenic patient with great success. He established the first Myasthenia Gravis Clinic in the world and was a pioneer in the treatment of this once obscure disease: he evaluated hundreds of patients and published many articles on myasthenia. He continued this association for over 30 years. Under the tutelage of Cushing and Osler, Viets became a medical historian and bibliophile, publishing hundreds of articles and several books on many different subjects in the history of medicine. He was the President of the American Association for the History of Medicine and curator of the Boston Medical Library that eventually joined with the Harvard Medical School Library. Viets served on the Editorial Board of the New England Journal of Medicine for 40 years.
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"Roundtable: Other Rare Disorders Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension." Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21693/1933-088x-14.3.161.
Full textAbstract:
While pulmonary hypertension itself is a rare disorder, its association has been identified in conjunction with other rare disorders, which is the theme of this issue of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension. Co-guest editor Sonja Bartolome, MD, facilitated a discussion regarding the experiences and perceptions of leading PH experts—many authors in this issue—on this topic. Participating were co-guest editor Kelly Chin, MD, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Murali Chakinala, MD, Washington University School of Medicine; Richard Channick, MD, Harvard Medical School; Jean Elwing, MD, University of Cincinnati Medical Center; and adding to the comments later, Robert Baughman, MD, University of Cincinnati. Their conversation follows.
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Brands-Appeldoorn, A. T. P. M., A. J. G. Maaskant-Braat, W. A. R. Zwaans, J. P. Dieleman, K. E. Schenk, C. L. Broekhuysen, H. Weerdenburg, R. Daniels, V. C. G. Tjan-Heijnen, and R. M. H. Roumen. "Patient-reported outcome measurement compared with professional judgment of cosmetic results after breast-conserving therapy." Current Oncology 25, no. 6 (December 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.25.4036.
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Background In the present study, we set out to compare patient reported outcomes with professional judgment about cosmesis after breast-conserving therapy (bct) and to evaluate which items (position of the nipple, color, scar, size, shape, and firmness) correlate best with subjective outcome.Methods Dutch patients treated with bct between 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were prior amputation or bct of the contralateral breast, metastatic disease, local recurrence, or any prior cosmetic breast surgery. Structured questionnaires and standardized six-view photographs were obtained with a minimum of 3 years’ follow-up. Cosmetic outcome was judged by the patients and, based on photographs, by 5 different medical professionals using 3 different scoring systems: the Harvard scale, the Sneeuw questionnaire, and a numeric rating scale. Agreement was scored using the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc). The association between items of the Sneeuw questionnaire and a fair–poor Harvard score was estimated using logistic regression analysis.Results The study included 108 female patients (age: 40–91 years). Based on the Harvard scale, agreement on cosmetic outcome between the professionals was good (icc: 0.78). In contrast, agreement between professionals as a group compared with the patients was found to be fair to moderate (icc range: 0.38–0.50). The items “size” and “shape” were identified as the strongest determinants of cosmetic outcome.Conclusions Cosmetic outcome was scored differently by patients and professionals. Agreement was greater between the professionals than between the patients and the professionals as a group. In general, size and shape were the most prominent items on which cosmetic outcome was judged by patients and professionals alike.
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Taylor, Bryan C., Joan B. Fowler, Rebecca Weaver, Robert O. Bonow, Don Lloyd-jones, and Sadiya Khan. "Abstract 11108: Association of a Virtual Career Development Forum with Confidence and Presentation Performance in Early-Career Academic Cardiologists During Covid-19." Circulation 144, Suppl_1 (November 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.144.suppl_1.11108.
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Introduction: Academic cardiology continues to face significant challenges in retaining physician-scientists with attrition occurring at key steps in career development progression, particularly in the transition from fellow to faculty. Available data demonstrate that factors that may promote retention and support success for early-stage investigators (ESIs) include structured mentorship, networking and peer collaboration, and didactics on scientific writing. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on career development activities, such as the Northwestern Cardiovascular Young Investigators’ Forum (NCYIF), is not known. Hypothesis: An adaptive, virtual NCYIF format, delivered on a remote basis, can still achieve important educational and career development outcomes metrics, including confidence and performance by ESIs. Methods: In 2020, the NCYIF pivoted its in-person content to an online, virtual delivery using the following elements: pre-meeting technical skills and Zoom trainings, virtual presentation coaching sessions, interactive Zoom breakouts for mentoring (including near-peer alumni mentoring), and a downloadable mobile app. We conducted a pre- and post-meeting survey-based analysis to examine outcomes for ESIs who attended the virtual NCYIF meeting, including confidence in presentation skills and responding to questions by meeting judges (5-point Likert scale). All participants had an opportunity to meet 1:1 with a pre-meeting public speaking coach. Results: Of 31 attendees, 44% were fellows, 20% were women, and 61% were non-White. From pre- to post-meeting assessment, change in confidence increased significantly for presentation skills (3.07 vs. 3.46, p=0.009) and for ability to respond to questions and comments during the judging session (2.76 vs. 3.17, p=0.025). 68% of individuals completed pre-meeting coaching. Performance improvements were significant regardless of use of pre-meeting coaching support. Conclusions: Online-based delivery of a multi-day professional skills and career development forum for ESIs in academic cardiology resulted in significant improvements in confidence and presentation performance and supports the scalability of future content through a virtual platform.
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Ni, Zhexin, Sheng Wang, Yangshuo Li, Ling Zhou, Dongxia Zhai, Demeng Xia, and Chaoqin Yu. "Mapping trends and hotspot regarding gut microbiota and host immune response: A bibliometric analysis of global research (2011–2021)." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (July 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.932197.
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BackgroundGut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is vital for the development and function of the immune system, is closely associated with host immunity, and affects human health and disease. Therefore, the current progress and trends in this field must be explored.PurposeNo bibliometric analysis has been conducted on gut microbiota and host immune response. This study aimed to analyze the current progress and developing trends in this field through bibliometric and visual analysis.MethodsGlobal publications on gut microbiota and host immune response from January 2011 to December 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) collection database. GraphPad Prism, VOSviewer software, and CiteSpace were employed to perform a bibliometric and visual study.ResultsThe number of publications has rapidly increased in the last decade but has declined in the most recent year. The Cooperation network shows that the United States, Harvard Medical School, and Frontiers in Immunology were the most active country, institute, and journal in this field, respectively. Co-occurrence analysis divided all keywords into four clusters: people, animals, cells, and diseases. The latest keyword within all clusters was “COVID,” and the most frequently occurring keyword was “SCFA.”ConclusionGut microbiota and host immune response remain a research hotspot, and their relation to cancer, CNS disorders, and autoimmune disease has been explored. However, additional studies on gut microbiota must be performed, particularly its association with bacterial strain screening and personalized therapy.
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Shiroma, Eric J., Howard D. Sesso, and I.-Min Lee. "Abstract MP026: Does the Replacement of Moderate-Intensity with Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Further Reduce All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality?" Circulation 125, suppl_10 (March 13, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.amp026.
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The 2008 US federal guidelines require a minimum of 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of the two, for health benefits. Thus, they assume a 2:1 equivalence between the two intensities of activity; i.e., 2 minutes of moderate-intensity activity is equivalent to 1 minute of vigorous-intensity activity. However, no studies have specifically examined whether this assumption is correct. Purpose: To examine the effect of replacing 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity with 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: 8,859 men (mean age, 66.4 yr) from the Harvard Alumni Health Study, free from CVD and cancer, were followed from 1988 to 2008. At baseline (1988) and in 1993, men reported physical activity (blocks walked, stairs climbed, and a listing of sports/recreational activities and participation time). Time spent per week in sports/recreational activities of moderate-intensity (3 to <6 METs, or multiples of resting metabolic rate) was summed and expressed as units (or fraction of units) of 150 minutes/week. Similarly, time spent in vigorous-intensity (≥6 METs) sports/recreational activities was summed, expressed as units (or fraction of units) of 75 min/week. Total and cause-specific mortality was identified from the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models calculated the risks of all-cause and CVD mortality, examining the effect of replacing 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity with 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity, controlling for the total amount of physical activity. Results: During follow-up, 4,064 men died, including 1,192 from CVD. In multivariate analyses, controlling for the total physical activity, age, smoking, intakes of alcohol, vegetable, fruit, and saturated fat, and total caloric intake, replacing 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity with 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with an additional 2% reduction in all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.98 (0.96, 1.00); p = 0.05), and an additional 5% reduction in CVD mortality (0.95 (0.92, 0.99); p = 0.02). Conclusions: The assumption that 2 minutes of moderate-intensity activity is equivalent to 1 minute of vigorous-intensity activity under current federal guidelines is not strictly correct. Vigorous-intensity physical activity is associated with additional risk reduction for CVD mortality compared to moderate-intensity physical activity. Although there is an added, statistically significant benefit of vigorous-intensity over moderate-intensity physical activity, the magnitude of benefit is small.
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Koebnick, Corinna, Mary Helen Black, Jun Wu, Yu-Hsiang Shu, Thomas Buchanan, and Anny Xiang. "Abstract MP013: Diet High in Sweets and Sugar-sweetened Beverages But Low in Fruits and Vegetables is Associated With Pro-inflammatory Adipokine Profile in Mexican Americans at Risk For Diabetes." Circulation 135, suppl_1 (March 7, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.mp013.
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Background: High consumption of sweets and sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines may mediate the relationship between dietary intake and poor metabolic profile. However, studies investigating the association between diet and adipokines are scant and often restricted to one or two biomarkers. Study design and methods: Subjects were participants of BetaGene, a study of obesity, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in Mexican Americans (n=1,128, 73% female, age 34.6±8.0, BMI 29.5±5.9). Adiponectin, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1Ra, leptin, lipocalin, MCP-1, resistin and TNF-α were assayed using Millipore multiplex kits with magnetic bead panels; apelin, CRP, DPP-IV, visfatin, SFRP4 and SFRP5 were measured with ELISA. Dietary intake was assessed by 12-mo recall (126-item Harvard-FFQ). Joint multivariate associations between levels of adipokines and food group consumed (grams/day) were analyzed using canonical correlation after adjustment for age, sex and energy intake. Results: Median (IQR) energy intake was 2.27 (1.75,2.85) Mcal/day. While 55% of total intake was accounted for by carbohydrates, 24% was due to sugar. A total of 37% of the shared variation between diet and adipokines was explained by the top linear association between the two. The top dietary component ( Figure 1 ) was most represented by sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB, loading coefficient ρ=0.55), sweets (ρ=0.53), fruits (ρ=-0.47), fruit juices (ρ=-0.34), and vegetables (ρ=-0.30), while the adipokine component was most represented by leptin (ρ=0.63), CRP (ρ=0.56), and MCP-1 (ρ=0.47). Conclusions: Diets high in sweets and sugar-sweetened beverage but low in fruits and vegetables contribute to a pro-inflammatory profile characterized by high leptin, CRP and MCP-1, which in turn is associated with poor metabolic profile in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes.
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Zhong, Jia, Elena Colicino, Xinyi Lin, Amar Mehta, Itai Kloog, Antonella Zanobetti, Hyang-Min Byun, et al. "Abstract 15898: Toll-Like Receptor 2 Methylation and Dietary Flavonoid Intake Modify the Association Between Fine Particle Exposure and Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction: The Normative Aging Study." Circulation 130, suppl_2 (November 25, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.15898.
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Introduction: Short-term exposure to fine particles (PM 2.5 ) is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a strong predictor of cardiac mortality among the elderly. Identifying modifiable factors that confer susceptibility is essential for personalized intervention. We evaluated whether Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) methylation [[Unable to Display Character: –]] a reversible epigenetic process affecting immunoregulation [[Unable to Display Character: –]] modified the effect of PM 2.5 on HRV, and investigated the impact of flavonoid and folic acid intake on TLR2 methylation. Methods: We collected longitudinal measures of HRV and PM 2.5 over 11 years among 573 elderly men from the Normative Aging Study. TLR2 methylation was analyzed using bisulfite-treated Pyrosequencing from 500 participants. Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire was administrated to assess average daily flavonoid and folic acid intake in the past year. Results: Every 10 μg/m 3 increase in 48 hours PM 2.5 moving average was associated with 7.23% (95% CI, 2.95%, 11.33%; P = 0.03) and 13.88% (95% CI, 1.39%, 24.79%; P = 0.04) reduction in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and low frequency (LF), respectively. TLR2 hypermethylation exacerbated the post-exposure SDNN, LF, and high frequency (HF) reduction ( P global = 0.03, 0.05, 0.04, respectively). Every 10-fold increase in flavonoid intake was associated with 0.41 %5mC lower in TLR2 methylation (95% CI, 0.04, 0.78; P = 0.03). High flavonoid intake weakened the association between PM 2.5 and LF by lessening 33.01% (95% CI, 1.56, 74.22; P = 0.04) LF reduction per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , compared to the low intake group. Folic acid intake was not associated with TLR2 methylation. Conclusion: TLR2 hypermethylation confers the vulnerability to post-exposure HRV decline of the elderly when confronted with air pollution peaks, while high flavonoid intake emolliates the hazardous effect of pollution, likely through regulating TLR2 methylation.