Academic literature on the topic 'Harvard University. Department of Landscape Architecture'

AbstractThe chapter outlines the cultural background for applying design strategies consistent with the challenge of circularity. The contribution focuses on ecological thinking as an effective design approach to produce and implement eco-innovative strategies able at facing environmental and societal challenges of our global age. Then the chapter depicts the Repair research experience in promoting a systemic design approach for recycling and reusing C&D waste as new, anthropogenic soils in peri-urban areas. According to the EEA Report n.6/2017, the chapter posits that the major environmental challenges of the present are not about single issues, such as waste reduction or soil-loss, rather they involve systemic change and design processes, linking together economy, social habits and technological responses. Therefore, the transition towards more sustainable urban metabolism deeply depends from creative visions by which breaking the circuit “take-make-dispose” and promote new—and somehow tentative—visions for implementing circularity at local and global scale. Further postulation in the paper is about assuming the concept of Anthropocene as theoretical ground for such eco-innovative design approach. The scientific evidence of living in human-dominated ecosystems makes designers towards a paradigm shift concerning the overcoming of the typical artificial/natural dichotomy by exploring the augmented opportunities in designing sustainable and resilient habitats thanks to a more collaborative, plural and innovative design approach: “What is important and significant here is how ecology and landscape architectural design might invent alternative forms of relationships between people, places and cosmos” (Corner, ‘Ecology and Landscape as agents of Creativity’, 1997, reprint in Reed &Lister (2018), Op. Cit., pp. 40–65, p. 42). Starting from these assumptions, the paper deepens the experience of collaborative design for implementing recycle and reuse of C&D waste for producing new technical soils, according to both the regulatory constraints (and potentials) and the site-specific features. The research goal is to provide new vegetated soils by waste thanks to an innovative design process based on both circular economy principles and collaborative knowledge production. Notably, the capacity of producing creative hybridization between biotic and abiotic component seems to be the new frontier in the field of technological design and material engineering. The term hypernatural, proposed by Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer in 2015, introduces the idea of a co-evolutionary process between nature and science, looking at humans’ technological capacity as an effective opportunity for creating the conditions for making biotic ad abiotic systems working together: “The ultimate aim of technology is not antinatural: it is hypernatural” (Brownell & Swackhamer in Hyper-natural. Architecture’s new relationship with nature. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 18, 2015). The chapter deals with the methodology applied for promoting a sort of protocological architecture (Burke, 2007), by which facilitating the C&D waste recycle and reuse within the construction sector, and notably into the landscape project. The research starts working under the H2020-Repair project, and it has developed within further research programs about C&D waste management in urban regeneration programs developed by the Department of Architecture of University of Naples Federico II.

Vicente Iborra Pallarés¹, Francisco Zaragoza Saura2 ¹Building Sciences and Urbanism Department. University of Alicante. Alicante. Politécnica IV, módulo III, 1ª planta. Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig ²Concejalía de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Altea. Plaza José María Planelles, 1. 03590 Altea E-mail: vicente.iborra@ua.es, zaragozasaura@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Public space, historical urban evolution, tourism phenomena, urbanistic project, educational experience Conference topics and scale: City transformations The town of Altea (Alicante, Spain) has an important urban center that has historically been characterized by two contrasting situations: on one hand, the settlements located on the seaside elevations (Bellaguarda and the Renaissance Bastion) linked to the agricultural uses of the fertile valleys of the rivers Algar and els Arcs, and on the other hand the coastal developments, originally fishery, but nowadays with touristic uses on the maritime front. All these elements configure an urban nucleus that, due to its urban, architectural and landscape qualities, gives rise to one of the main tourist attractions of the region. However, the area described nowadays presents an important problem related to the use and habitability of public space, which is invaded by the presence of the private vehicle, even along the seaside, due to its touristic relevance. This article presents the results of an academic experience developed to study different possibilities of urban transformations for the municipality of Altea, taking as a project site the urban vacuum still conserved between the two situations previously described: the historical areas on the coastal elevations (Dalt) and new urban developments parallel to the seaside (Baix). This academic activity, performed by nearly 50 students from the University of Alicante, was developed in the context of the design course Urbanism 5 during the academic year 2015-16, thanks to the agreement signed between the Municipality of Altea and the University of Alicante. References (100 words) Busquets, J. and Correa, F. (2006) Cities X lines: a new lens for the Urbanistic Project (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge). Europan Europe (2016) Project and processes (http://www.europan-europe.eu/en/project-and-processes/) accessed January-May 2016. Fernández Per, A. and Mozas, J. (2010) Strategy public (a+t ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz). Gehl, J. (2006) La humanización del espacio urbano: la vida social entre los edificios (Reverté, Barcelona). Koolhaas, R. (1995) S, M, L, XL (The Monacelli Press, New York). Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge). Rebois, D. (ed.) (2014) Europan 12 results. The adaptable city /1 (Europan Europe, Paris).

Due to increase in population density in cities, unplanned urbanization, where built areas proliferate and concrete and Due to the decline in open and green spaces in cities, designers have a higher responsibility in the design of these spaces and the furniture that would be utilized in these spaces. The furniture should not only be functional or ergonomic, but also aesthetic and original in these spaces. Thus, it is important to provide furniture that resemble nature or are part of the nature for urban residents instead of designing routine and ordinary spaces. Therefore, the furniture designed by 9 students with biomorphic design approach in senior class Landscape Design and Construction Course studio at Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design during the 2019-2020 academic year spring term. Keywords: Landscape Design and Construction; Furniture; Afyon Kocatepe University.

Transformative Urban Railway: Ankara Commuter Line and Lost LandscapeFunda Baş Bütüner¹, Ela Alanyalı Aral¹, Selin Çavdar² ¹Middle East Technical University. Department of Architecture. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey ² Middle East Technical University. Department of City and Regional Planning. Ankara. Dumlupınar Bulvarı no:1 06800 Ankara Turkey E-mail: fbutuner@metu.edu.tr, earal@metu.edu.tr, selin.cavdar@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): urban railway, urban landscape, Ankara, commuter line, landscape infrastructure Conference topics and scale: Urban green space Being major transportation infrastructure of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the impacts of railways on cities have highly directed urban discourses; deforming material edge of cities, encouraging urban extension, formation of new territories, and speeding up urban development. However, in recent decades, with newly emerging discussions on landscape infrastructure, a new idea for a more integrated infrastructure and urban system has started to be formulated. Railway strips, occurring as terrains where solid-void morphology of cities becomes illegible, emerge as generators in the formation of new urban green network. Within this framework, Ankara commuter line that mark outs a route approximately 37 kilometers in length in the city, is a remarkable case for a motivating discussion on railway and landscape confrontation. Penetrating the city in east-west direction, the commuter line integrated with a rural landscape –covering vegetable gardens and creeks- that was serving as a recreational field for citizens until 1950s. However, the transformative nature of the railway, encouraged the development of new urban lands, industrial areas and neighborhoods along its route, and erased the characteristic landscape along the railway. The continuous landscape integrated with green, water and railway infrastructure became fragmented covering only some splits of green and water. In this respect, this study dwells on the lost landscape of the commuter line by mapping the fragmented continuity of the railway, green and water infrastructure from 1950’s until today to show the limited, but potential interaction of these three systems in the current urban fabric. References Allen, S. (1999). Infrastructural Urbanism, in Allen, S. (ed.) Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for The City (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 40-89. Bertolini, L., Spit, T. (1998). Cities on Rails (Routledge, London). Hung, Y. (2013). Landscape Infrastructure: Systems of Contingency, Flexibility, and Adaptability, in Hung, Y., Aquino, G., Waldheim, C., Czerniak, J., Geuze, A., Robinson, A., Skjonsberg, M. (ed.) Landscape Infrastructure (Birkhauser, Basel) 14-19. Tatom, J. (2006). Urban Highways and the Reluctant Urban Realm. C. Waldheim (Ed.). The Landscape Urbanism Reader (Princeton Architectural Press, New York) 179-196. Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as Urbanism: A General Theory (Princeton University Press).

The following paper describes the work originated from a University exercise drill, made during the Restoration Lab of the architecture Department of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. It shows the results of a relief and metric characterisation campaign of the ‘Masseria del Gigante' (Giant’s Farmhouse) Temple, in Cumae, in the Naples province. This is a rural building from the XVIII century, built and extended by incorporating the rests of the cell of an ancient temple from the Flavian Age, located at the eastern border of Cumae lower city’s Foro, that was called “del Gigante” (of the Giant), because a large Jupiter’s bust was found in its proximities. Well known in the world of antiquarian dealers, it was pictured in many drawings and landscape paintings since the end of the XVII century and the first half of the XVIII, the Masseria Temple taken into exam has been acquired by the public domain only at the end of the 1990, so only after this period the first archaeological investigations were made. Afterwards, between 1996 and 2002, conspicuous restoration and securing works were made. Today the structure is used as a temporary deposit for archaeological findings and it’s among the buildings included in a wider restoration and re-functionalization project that has been proposed by the Campi Flegrei Archaeological Park and that is now about to start. The following research was developed from the structure’s relief made with photo-modelling techniques and it aimed to identify the construction methodologies and the degrading phenomena in place, with special regards to the identification of the ancient parts of the Temple, of those pertaining the conversion in a farmhouse and, lastly,, those realised during the aforementioned restoration works.

Rethinking Urban Design Problems through Morphological Regions Ezgi Küçük¹, Ayşe Sema Kubat² ¹Urban Planning Coordinator, Marmara Municipalities Union ²Prof., Dr., Istanbul Technical Univercity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of City and Regional Planning E-mail: ezgikucuk89@gmail.com, kubat@itu.edu.tr Keywords: the Historical Peninsula, morphological regions, urban blocks, urban design, Beyazıt Square Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space The concept of urban square is a debated issue in the context of urban design practices in Islamic cities. Recognizing the relation between urban morphology and urban design studies in city planning and urban design practices is highly vital. Beyazıt Square, which is the center of the city of Istanbul, could not be integrated to the other parts of the city either configurationally or socially although many design projects have been previously planned and discussed. In this study, the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul is observed as an essential unit of the traditional path reflecting each civilization, namely Roman, Byzantium, Ottoman and Republic of Turkey that have been settled in the region. Transformations in urban blocks in Beyazıt region are elaborated through a series of morphological analyses based on the Conzenian approach of urban morphology. Morphological regions of the Historical Peninsula are identified and Beyazıt region is addressed in detail in terms of the transformations in urban block components, that are; street, plot and buildings. The effects of surrounding units which are the mosque, university buildings, booksellers and Grandbazaar on Beyazıt Square are discussed according to the morphological analyses that are applied to the region. Previous design practices and the existing plan of the area are observed through the analyses including town plan, building block, and land use and ownership patterns. It is revealed that existing design problems in Beyazıt Square come from the absence of urban morphological analyses in all planning and design practices. Through morphological regions as well as the conservation plans, urban design projects can be reconsidered. References Baş, Y. (2010) ‘Production of Urbanism as the Reproduction of Property Relations: Morphologenesis of Yenişehir-Ankara’, PhD thesis, Middle East Technical University. Barret, H.J. (1996) ‘Townscape changes and local planning management in city conservation areas: the example of Birmingham and Bristol’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Bienstman, H. (2007) ‘Morphological Concepts and Landscape Management: The Cases of Alkmaar and Bromsgrove’, PhD thesis, University of Birmingham. Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis, Institute of British Geographers, London. Conzen, M.R.G. (2004) Thinking About Urban Form: papers on urban morphology 1932-1998, Peter Lang, Bern. Çelik, Z. (1993) The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, University of California Press, Berkeley. Günay, B. (1999) Property Relations and Urban Space, METU Faculty of Architecture Press, Ankara. Kubat, A.S. (1999) ‘The morphological history of Istanbul’, Urban Morphology 3.1, 28-41. Noziet, H. (2008) ‘Fabrique urbaine: a new concept in urban history and morphology’, Urban Morphology, 13.1, 55-56. Panerai, P., Castex, J., Depaule, J. C. and Samuels, I. (2004) Urban Forms: The Death and Life of the Urban Block, Architectural Press, Oxford. Tekeli, İ. (2010) Türkiye’nin Kent Planlama ve Kent Araştırmaları Tarihi Yazıları, (Articles of Turkey’s History of Urban Planning and Urban Studies), Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, Istanbul. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition’, Urban Morphology 5.2, 3-10. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2009) ‘The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice’, Urban Morphology 13.1, 5-22.

La present comunicació té per objecte compartir l'experiència d'un Blended Intensive Programme (*BIP) sobre urbanisme duta a terme en una escola d'arquitectura d'Espanya (Institució 1) durant el curs escolar 2023-24. Dins del marc Erasmus+, els BIPs són programes d'intercanvi per a l'estudiantat i el personal de les universitats europees que es caracteritzen per ser intensius i semipresencials. La Comissió Europea considera estos programes una via d'innovació educativa i docent amb dos aspectes principals a destacar. D'una banda, són programes que fomenten la cooperació transdisciplinar i transnacional gràcies a una gestió relativament ràpida i senzilla. D'altra banda, el seu format híbrid i la seua curta duració faciliten l'accés a l'intercanvi internacional a un major número i diversitat de perfils dins de la comunitat educativa. Respecte de la docència de l'arquitectura i l'urbanisme, l'experiència de la Institució 1 sembla indicar que este format s'ajusta especialment bé a estes disciplines. Els projectes i els estudis de cas, metodologies de treball habituals en els programes d'estudis d'arquitectura, s'ajusta a l'enfocament dels BIPs. Permeten el treball de manera intensiva; és a dir, es treballa de manera delimitada, sobre la base d'un problema contextualitzat i es pot establir amb major concreció el grau de definició de les solucions que s'esperen per part de l'estudiantat segons el marc de treball i el perfil dels participants. D'altra banda, la pròpia naturalesa de les disciplines arquitectòniques afavorix i necessita del treball des de la multidisciplinarietat, especialment en el cas de l'urbanisme. La Institució 1 és en la qual més BIPs s'han desenvolupat de tota la Universitat a la qual pertany. El Departament que va liderar l'experiència objecte d'esta comunicació, ja havia participat en experiències BIPs i en l'actualitat seguix involucrat en tres intercanvis d'este tipus. El programa d'intercanvi sobre el qual posa el focus esta comunicació va involucrar a altres dos institucions europees: una austríaca (Institució 2) i una altra alemanya (Institució 3). El consorci va partir d'una altra mena de col·laboracions prèvies de part del professorat però, principalment, des del convenciment que la transnacionalitat i la interdisciplinaritat són dos aprenentatges indispensables en la formació actual de l'urbanisme. Les Institucions 1, 2 i 3 representen tres contextos geogràfics diferents i també tres tradicions i cultures urbanístiques diferents. A més, des del punt de vista de la multidisciplinarietat, cada institució està especialitzada en una àrea diferent dins de les disciplines de planificació i disseny dels entorns construïts. La Institució 1 està particularment especialitzat en la forma urbana, un enfocament des del disseny espacial amb un fort pes de l'arquitectura i la composició dels teixits urbans. La Institució 2 centra la seua formació des de la perspectiva del paisatge i treballen més intensament l'escala territorial i les qüestions mediambientals. Per part seua, la Institució 3 aporta la mirada més pròxima a l'enginyeria civil, amb el focus també en els aspectes constructius i tècnics. El perfil de les tres institucions va configurar la temàtica i l'enfocament del programa. El consorci va plantejar un intercanvi centrat en l'aprenentatge mutu a través de la interdisciplinaritat i de la multiculturalitat. Per a això, es va dissenyar un horitzó de tres anys en què cada institució lideraria una convocatòria sent responsable del disseny general del programa i d'acollir a la seua ciutat a la resta del consorci durant la fase d'intercanvi presencial. La Institució 1 va liderar la primera edició sobre la base d'un programa de 3,5 ECTS totals que combinaven una setmana d'intercanvi presencial a la ciutat de València i tres seminaris en línia. Durant els mesos d'octubre, novembre i desembre de 2023 l'estudiantat de les tres institucions va treballar diferents qüestions i a través de diferents tasques. Cada institució va començar estudiant els principals marcs urbanístics de les seues ciutats i regions amb l'objectiu de familiaritzar-se amb la normativa i les estratègies urbanístiques del seu context i també del de la resta del consorci. Posteriorment, es va triar un districte de la ciutat de València, que constituiria l'àmbit de treball per a la resta de l'intercanvi, tant durant la fase presencial com en els restants seminaris virtuals. Este treball es va realitzar en grups constituïts per alumnes de cada institució (grups mixtos) en els quals cada alumne aportava els seus coneixements i habilitats a favor d'un projecte comú. Estos projectes havien de proposar una solució de millora urbana que havia de respondre als paràmetres de la sostenibilitat posant el focus en alguna de les temàtiques més rellevants per a l'escala de barri: habitatge, equipaments de proximitat, infraestructura verda i mobilitat activa. Els resultats de la primera edició d'este BIP han sigut molt positius. L'alumnat va millorar les seues habilitats gràcies l'intercanvi amb alumnes de diferent perfil i va ser capaç de desenvolupar un projecte de qualitat en temps reduït gràcies al format intensiu. L'avaluació realitzada a l'estudiantat conclou un alt grau de satisfacció i aprenentatge, no sols respecte de la seua formació com a futurs urbanistes, sinó també en el personal. En este moment, s'està programant la segona edició del programa que coordinarà la Institució 2 a la tardor de 2024. This paper aims to share the experience of a Blended Intensive Programme (BIP) on urban planning carried out in a school of architecture in Spain (Institution 1) during the academic year 2023-24. Within the Erasmus+ framework, BIPs are exchange programmes for students and staff of European universities that are characterised by being intensive and blended. The European Commission considers these programmes to be a means of educational and teaching innovation with two main aspects to highlight. On the one hand, they are programmes that promote transdisciplinary and transnational cooperation thanks to their relatively quick and simple management. On the other hand, their hybrid format and short duration facilitate access to international exchange for a greater number and diversity of profiles within the educational community. With regard to the teaching of architecture and urban planning, the experience of Institution 1 seems to indicate that this format is particularly well suited to these disciplines. Projects and case studies, common working methodologies in architecture curricula, are in line with the BIP approach. They allow for intensive work, i.e. work is done in a limited way, based on a contextualised problem, and the degree of definition of the solutions expected from the students can be established more concretely according to the framework and the profile of the participants. On the other hand, the very nature of architectural disciplines favours and requires multidisciplinary work, especially in the case of urban planning. Institution 1 is the institution to which most BIPs have taken place in the whole university to which it belongs. The Department that led the experience that is the subject of this paper had already participated in BIPs and is currently involved in three exchanges of this type. The exchange programme that is the focus of this paper involved two other European institutions: one Austrian (Institution 2) and one German (Institution 3). The consortium was based on other types of previous collaborations on the part of the teaching staff, but mainly on the conviction that transnationality and interdisciplinarity are two indispensable skills in the current training in urban planning. Institutions 1, 2 and 3 represent three different geographical contexts and also three different urban planning traditions and cultures. Furthermore, from the point of view of multidisciplinarity, each institution specialises in a distinct area within the disciplines of planning and design of the built environment. Institution 1 is particularly specialised in urban form, a spatial design approach with a strong emphasis on architecture and the composition of urban fabrics. Institution 2 focuses its training from a landscape perspective and works more intensively on territorial scale and environmental issues. Institution 3, on the other hand, is closer to civil engineering, with a focus on constructive and technical aspects. The profile of the three institutions shaped the theme and approach of the programme. The consortium proposed an exchange focused on mutual learning through interdisciplinarity and multiculturalism. To this end, a three-year horizon was designed in which each institution would lead a call and be responsible for the general design of the programme and for hosting the rest of the consortium in its city during the face-to-face exchange phase. Institution 1 led the first edition based on a 3.5 ECTS programme combining a week of face-to-face exchange in the city of Valencia and three online seminars. During the months of October, November and December 2023 the students of the three institutions worked on different issues and through different tasks. Each institution began by studying the main urban planning frameworks of their cities and regions with the aim of familiarising themselves with the urban planning regulations and strategies in their context and also in the rest of the consortium. Subsequently, a district of the city of Valencia was chosen, which would constitute the working environment for the rest of the exchange, both during the face-to-face phase and in the remaining virtual seminars. This work was carried out in groups made up of students from each institution (mixed groups) in which each student contributed their knowledge and skills to a common project. These projects had to propose an urban improvement solution that had to respond to the parameters of sustainability, focusing on some of the most relevant issues for the neighbourhood scale: housing, local facilities, green infrastructure and active mobility. The results of the first edition of this BIP have been very positive. The students improved their skills thanks to the exchange with students of different profiles and were able to develop a quality project in reduced time thanks to the intensive format. The students' evaluation concludes a high degree of satisfaction and learning, not only with regard to their training as future urban planners, but also on a personal level. The second edition of the programme is currently being planned and will be coordinated by Institution 2 in autumn 2024. Esta comunicación tiene por objeto compartir la experiencia docente de un Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programme (BIP) en materia de urbanismo realizado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia (ETSA-UPV) de la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) durante el curso escolar 2023-24. Coordinada desde el Departamento de Urbanismo de la UPV (DU-UPV), la experiencia implicó a otras dos instituciones europeas de educación superior. Por un lado, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU) de Viena (Austria) a través de su Instituto de Planificación del Paisaje (ILAP-BOKU). Por otro lado, Fachhochschule Kiel (Alemania) a través de su Instituto de Ingeniería Civil (IfB-FHK). En términos generales, la primera edición de BIP-STUDENT ha sido una experiencia positiva tanto para el alumnado como para el profesorado implicado. Uno de los aspectos más destacles es su valor educativo por complementar la formación regular del alumnado y profundizar en el campo del urbanismo.

This factsheet is the product of the students’ work with Procedural Theory in the course Urban Landscape Design during the spring term of 2025. The aim of the assignment is to reflect on and communicate urban landscape design working processes, by studies of sketching processes and creative thinking. The procedural theory or design process is a step-by-step procedure and exploratory method that applies a problem-solving approach to landscape design. According to Murphy (2016), a clearly defined design problem increases the likelihood of a successful resolution, where information intake and knowledge-based thinking during the design process is a critical part in achieving a successful design outcome (Bursic and Altman, 1997; Murphy, 2016). This factsheet shows some examples of the design process, and focuses mainly on reflecting on and describing the role and importance of sketching as an investigative and communicative tool that permeates the students' attempts to describe selected aspects of the design process. In this context, the design process facilitates testing, evaluation and clarification of the creative development (Hoffman 2019). The students' suggestions regarding the design flow underline, to some extent, the sketch as a crucial tool in the search for design and aesthetic solutions. The course Urban Landscape Design (LK0400) is an independent bachelor’s level course focusing on design of urban green spaces, offered at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and run by the Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management (LTV faculty). The following abstracts and poster presentations present the students’ thoughts and reflections through visualisations and descriptive text, and show attempts to verbalise the design process steps/phases. The assumptions made and described in this factsheet are based on literature studies of procedural theory, as well as on the students’ previous experiences of the design process, and through individual and group reflections and discussions.