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Journal articles on the topic 'Harvest in the Bible'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Magrini, Alessandro, Stefano Di Blasi, and Federico Mattia Stefanini. "A conditional linear Gaussian network to assess the impact of several agronomic settings on the quality of Tuscan Sangiovese grapes." Biometrical Letters 54, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bile-2017-0002.

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Summary In this paper, a Conditional Linear Gaussian Network (CLGN) model is built for a two-year experiment on Tuscan Sangiovese grapes involving canopy management techniques (number of buds, defoliation and bunch thinning) and harvest time (technological and late harvest). We found that the impact of the considered treatments on the color of wine can be predicted still in the vegetative season of the grapevine; the best treatments to obtain wines with good structure are those with a low number of buds; the best treatments to obtain fresh wines suitable for young consumers are those with technological rather than late harvest, preferably with a high number of buds, and anyway with both defoliation and bunch thinning not performed.

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Noddings, Timothy Robert. "The Bible Student’s Sacrifice: Gender Fluidity and Consecrated Identity in Evangelical America, 1879-1916." Religion and Gender 2, no. 2 (February 19, 2012): 328–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00202008.

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American feminist scholars have often represented gender in nineteenth-century evangelical Protestantism as a binary conflict between oppositional ‘male’ and ‘female’ categories of identity and experience. Drawing on the theoretical work of Jeanne Boydston, this article argues that gender within evangelical religion is better understood as a ‘system of distinctions’ that could be articulated in a variety of ways, some of which violated the gendered division of masculine/feminine. The American Bible Student movement, as a fervent millennialist organization, demanded that its members sacrifice their individuality to become ‘harvest workers’ for Christ. This sacrifice temporarily provided Students with a degree of freedom to construct spiritual identities that combined ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ signifiers, destabilizing the binary meaning of gender. After 1897, a series of internal challenges and schisms re-solidified the gender line, associating stability with the limiting of women’s power within both church and home.

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lanza, anna tasca. "Sicilian Manna: A Sweet Gift of Nature." Gastronomica 5, no. 1 (2005): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2005.5.1.38.

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An Unusual Ingredient – Manna Manna, a gift from nature, comes from a kind of ash called “Fraxinus angustifolia” or “Fraxinus ornus” found in the surrounding areas of the towns of Castelbuono, Pollina and Cefalù (Italy). In the past, it was grown extensively in the Mediterranean basin though all traces of it seem to be lost. The history is pieced together with historical references from the Bible, health manuals from ancient civilizations, and references to the implements used to harvest it. Its mysterious or miraculous properties are presented; two kinds of manna were thought to exist, one from Heaven, and the other from a tree. The ideal conditions for growing the trees and harvest are described with plentiful folklore, local customs, special vocabulary and tools mentioned. Manna is harvested in summertime when the plant is “in love”, from June to September or until the first rains, which would dissolve it, start to fall. The people of Pollina romantically call manna, “a sweet gift of nature”. It tastes like honey mixed with carob. The sap flows through a gash made with a special technique, using a curved cutter called a “mannarolo,” on the vein of the trunk of the tree, and it is left to drip for several days. The sap crystallizes and forms long clumps similar to stalactites, which are called “cannolo” in the manna-world vocabulary. The juice is violet and very bitter when it drips, but the contact with the air and the strong Sicilian sun dries and sweetens it. “Cannoli” are harvested with an “archetto.” There is a second and third grade of sap, which doesn’t crystallize or form cannoli. Prickly-pear leaves act as a sort of spout to catch the manna. Its medicinal qualities include its mild laxative effect, its natural sweetness for dietary purposes, and its use in digestive alcoholic drinks and cosmetics is noted. It is sold at pharmacies and tobacco stores.

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Samet, Nili. "On Agricultural Imagery in Biblical Descriptions of Catastrophes." Journal of Ancient Judaism 3, no. 1 (May 6, 2012): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00301002.

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This article examines the use of agricultural imagery in biblical literature to embody the destructive force of war and other mass catastrophes. Activities such as vintage, harvest, threshing, and wine-pressing serve as metaphors for the actions of slaughtering, demolition and mass killing. The paper discusses the Ancient Near Eastern origins of the imagery under discussion, and presents the relevant examples from the Hebrew Bible, tracing the development of this absorbing metaphor, and analyzing the different meanings attached to it in different contexts. It shows that the use of destructive agricultural imagery first emerges in ancient Israel as an instance of popular phraseology. In turn, the imagery is employed as a common prophetic motif. The prophetic books examined demonstrate how each prophet appropriates earlier uses of the imagery in prophetic discourse and adapts the agricultural metaphors to suit specific rhetorical needs.

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YING, FUK-TSANG. "Evangelist at the Gate: Robert Morrison's Views on Mission." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 63, no. 2 (March 15, 2012): 306–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046910001107.

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The arrival of Robert Morrison in Macau on 4 September 1807 marked the beginning of the nineteenth-century Protestant missionary movement in China. The most familiar and important legacy of Morrison is his translation of the Bible into Chinese and the compilation of A dictionary of the Chinese language. When Morrison concluded his work in 1832, only ten Chinese had been baptised. However, the true measure of his accomplishment is not to be sought in the harvest of souls, but in the foundations that laid for future work. As a pioneer missionary in the nineteenth century, Morrison lived in an alien ‘heathen’ world for twenty-five years. How did he hold on to his evangelistic vision and passion in such an adverse and unfavourable environment? This essay aims to sketch Robert Morrison's views on mission, focusing on the way in which he responded to traditional Chinese culture and religion and the huge political obstacles in early nineteenth-century China.

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Zinn, Grover A. "Hugh of St. Victor's De scripturis et scriptoribus sacris as an Accessus Treatise for the Study of the Bible." Traditio 52 (1997): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900011958.

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The first half of the twelfth century was, by any account, a remarkable time in the intellectual history of the medieval West. During this period the development and expansion of schools located in urban centers took place at an accelerating pace. Within these schools, masters forged new tools for organizing, analyzing, and presenting materials for their students. Not only was the rich harvest gleaned from the writings of authorities from past centuries subjected to a more organized sifting and evaluation; the results of contemporary intellectual debate were incorporated into texts that made their way into the curricula of the schools. One can see the effects of this sifting, organizing, discussing, and presenting in a wide variety of works from the half-century: the theological sententiae from the “school” of Anselm of Laon and William of Champeaux, the accessus ad auctores literature in the arts curriculum, the Sic et non of Abelard, collections of canon law, and glossed Bibles and biblical commentaries. Although the contents of these works are quite diverse, in general they were produced within a common cultural situation: the medieval school.

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Christian, Grace Purnamasari, and Wahyu Irawati. "BIBLICAL CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ON POST-HARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET CORN SEEDS." JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/johme.v5i1.2928.

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<p>The post-harvest fungi is one of the greatest cause of various diseases. Particularly, in fungus that infects seeds, the toxic substance called aflatoxin is found. This has caused us to wonder: Has fungi been pathogenic fungi since the beginning of creation? The purpose of this research is to study: 1) The Place of Fungi in God’s Original Creation and the Origin of Pathogenic Fungi, 2) Characterization of post-harvest fungus on corn seeds, 3) Aspergillus sp.’s Structure as Proof of God’s Wonderful Original Creation and Providence, and 4) The factors that contribute to the growth of fungi in post-harvest corn seeds and our responsibility. We conclude that in the beginning, fungi were a part of God’s originally good and perfect creation. These fungi were created by God with the structure and function to support its operation in fulfilling God’s creative purpose. The complex structure of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus that infected the corn seeds showed God’s providence after the Fall. Pathogenic fungi were the result of the Fall of man into sin. Their growth is caused by the failure to give proper care to the crops. But this should not discourage us since the Bible tells us that God is continually working to restore His creation. Therefore, we are called to be stewards of His creation, to develop and preserve whatever is entrusted in our hands, including the crops for God’s glory and under His authority until He has fully renewed and restored everything.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong> Jamur pasca panen merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar timbulnya berbagai penyakit, khususnya disebabkan oleh jamur yang menginfeksi biji-bijian dan menghasilkan substansi beracun disebut dengan aflatoksin. Keadaan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah jamur patogenik ada sejak awal penciptaan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: 1) Posisi jamur patogenik di awal penciptaan dan asal mula jamur patogenik, 2) karakteristik jamur pasca panen pada biji jagung, 3) struktur <em>Aspergillus</em> sp sebagai bukti dari providensi Allah akan ciptaanNya yang sangat luar biasa, 4) faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pasca panen biji jagung dan Tanggung jawab kita. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada mulanya, jamur merupakan bagian ciptaan Allah yang sungguh amat baik dan sempurna. Struktur yang kompleks dari <em>Aspergillus niger</em> dan <em>Aspergillus flavus </em>yang menginfeksi biji jagung menunjukkan providensi Allah setelah kejatuhan dosa. Pertumbuhan jamur patogenik merupakan gambaran kejatuhan manusia ke dalam dosa yaitu kegagalan manusia untuk memberikan pemeliharaan yang memadahi pada biji-bijian pasca panen. Namun demikian, keadaan ini tidak mematahkan semangat kita karena Alkitab mengatakan bahwa Allah masih terus bekerja untuk memulihkan ciptaanNya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kita semua menjadi pelayan atas ciptaanNya untuk mengembangkan dan menjaga apa yang dipercayakan kepada kita di bawah otoritasNya termasuk biji-bijian untuk memuliakan Allah hingga Dia secara penuh memperbaharui dan memulihkan segala sesuatu</p>

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Egger, Christoph. "The Scholar’s Suitcase: Books and the Transfer of Knowledge in Twelfth-Century Europe." Studies in Church History 38 (2004): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015746.

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One day early in the thirteenth century a wandering scholar broke his journey at the Benedictine monastery of Prüfening near Regensburg in Bavaria. Of the books this scholar was carrying, one Liebhard, a monk of the monastery, was especially fascinated by a copy of Peter the Chanter’s Distinctiones Abel, a dictionary of the Bible for the preacher’s use and a prominent example of the recently developed literary genre of biblical distinctiones. Unfortunately, soon afterwards the scholar resumed his interrupted journey, and was not willing to leave the book behind at Prüfening, so Liebhard was unable to copy the full text but could only take down excerpts, which he later completed with texts from other sources. The result, which he called Horreum formicae (the ant’s harvest), still extant in at least two manuscripts, combines the approach of the masters of the Parisian schools with that of monastic theology. It is, therefore, an excellent example of a process ongoing throughout the whole twelfth century: the transfer of knowledge from the centres of learning in the north of France (Laon, Chartres, Paris) and of Italy (Bologna) towards the periphery of medieval Europe, resulting in the reception and critical discussion of new concepts and ideas, a process most readily visible in the distribution of books. This paper offers a preliminary sketch of this process with special emphasis on medieval Bavaria and Austria.

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Walsh, Richard. "Book Review: The Bible as Visual Culture: When Text Becomes Image, written by John Harvey." biblical interpretation 23, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00231p06.

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Begum, Abida, and S. Harikrishna. "Pathogens and Heavy Metals Concentration in Green Leafy Vegetables." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, s1 (2010): S552—S558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/741815.

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Presence of heavy metal and bacterial pathogen in randomly collected samples of green leafy from various stations of Bengaluru city was detected. Heavy metals (cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, nickel and lead) were analyzed by tri-acid digestion method. The presence of heavy metals in general was in the order of Cd>Zn>Cu>Fe>Cr>Pb. Trace metal concentration in all green leafy vegetables of stations 1-5 were within permissible limit and it has been exceeded in station 6-10. This indicated high levels of soil contamination pose potential danger for the vegetables grown in the vicinity of Arakere lake, Bannerghatta road, Gottigere lake, Naganaikanakere, Bommasandra lake, Hulimavu lake, Kelaginakere and Amblipura lake. The total bacteria and coliforms were enumerated on TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) and VRBA (Violet Red Bile Agar) media respectively. The total bacterial count in randomly collected samples of coriander ranged from 296 cfu/g to 8 cfu/g, in palak from 16 cfu/g to 0.9 cfu/g, whereas in case of cabbage was 104 cfu/g to 0.9 cfu/g which is an indication of improper pre-harvest and post harvest handling.

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Waagbø, Rune, Sven Martin Jørgensen, Gerrit Timmerhaus, Olav Breck, and Pål A. Olsvik. "Short-term starvation at low temperature prior to harvest does not impact the health and acute stress response of adult Atlantic salmon." PeerJ 5 (April 27, 2017): e3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3273.

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A period of starvation is regarded as a sound practice in aquaculture prior to handling, transportation and harvest, to minimise impacts on welfare and ensure proper hygiene after harvest. However, documentation of welfare issues such as stress following starvation and handling in adult Atlantic salmon are lacking. This study aimed to examine gut emptying and potential stress during a two week starvation period, and whether this starvation period changed the tolerance for physical stress. The study confirmed slower emptying of the gut segments at low temperature. Plasma and bile cortisol, and selected clinical analyses were used to characterize potential stress, as well as the response to acute physical crowding stress during the starvation period. Neither the general stress level nor the ability to cope with handling stress was affected by a 14 day starvation period. Down-regulation of selected nutritional related gene markers in liver indicated classical starvation responses, with reduced metabolism and oxidative pressure, and sparing of nutrients. The response to acute handling stress was not affected by two weeks of starvation. There were minor effects of starvation on stress and health markers, as evaluated by plasma lysozyme activity and gene expression of selected inflammation marker proteins in heart and skin tissues.

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Bier, Miriam J. "Harvey Cox and Stephanie Paulsell, Lamentations and the Song of Songs: A Theological Commentary on the Bible." Theology 116, no. 5 (August 2, 2013): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x13493974f.

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Banerjee, Jayant Kumar, Ramanathan Saranga Bharathi, and Pankaj Purushotam Rao. "Buttressing hepaticojejunostomy's with hepatic round ligament flap may be beneficial." Polish Journal of Surgery 89, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3901.

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Background: Bile leaks and anastomotic strictures are important complications of hepaticojejunostomy (HJ). Evidence suggests that the use of hepatic round ligament (HRL) to buttress HJ may be beneficial. This study evaluates the feasibility of this approach. Methods: HJs performed over 2 years (Jun 2014- May 2016), with HRL reinforcement, were analyzed. Operative outcomes measured included technical difficulty, blood loss, time necessary for flap harvest, and reinforcement of HJ. The postoperative outcomes measured were the presence of bile leak and anastomotic stricture. Results: Forty-one patients (27 M: 14 F), aged 2-79 years, median age of61 years, underwent HJ with HRL buttress; 27 for periampullary/ head of the pancreas carcinoma; 4 for choledochal cysts; 4 for chronic pancreatitis; 3 for gallbladder carcinoma; 3 for benign biliary stricture. The time for harvesting HRL flaps and buttressing HJ was <10 minutes. No blood was lost during harvesting the flaps. One patient (2.5 %) had grade A leak following radical cholecystectomy, and structures were not observed during a median follow-up of 18 months (6 months to 2years). Conclusion: HRL-based buttressing of HJ can reduce the bile leak and/or stricture rate.

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Stelzner, M. "Identification of Optimal Harvest Sites of Ileal Stem Cells for Treatment of Bile Acid Malabsorption in a Dog Model." Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 7, no. 4 (June 2003): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1091-255x(03)00027-1.

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Deschênes, Gervais. "Éléments de compréhension sur la praxis ludique de Jésus le Christ." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 40, no. 2 (March 21, 2011): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429810391853.

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Cet article présente des éléments de compréhension théologique de la praxis ludique de Jésus le Christ. Nous explorons tout d’abord les catégories de la fête en interprétant les noces de Cana sous l’angle de la dimension symbolique du vin, du « miracle-don », de la consécration du plaisir sexuel et de la procréation ainsi que de l’annonce du Royaume de Dieu que nous propose ce signe évangélique. Par la suite, nous porterons un regard sur le rire comme chemin d’espérance en évoquant le statut du rire chez les chrétiens et dans la Bible. Une attention particulière sera donnée sur le rire de Jésus et du jeu ironique de sa passion en empruntant au théologien Harvey Cox l’image du Christ-Arlequin qui ouvre à la compréhension de la dimension eschatologique de la résurrection.

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Anderson, Earl R. "The seasons of the year in Old English." Anglo-Saxon England 26 (December 1997): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100002180.

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‘Feower tida synd getealde on anum geare’, Ælfric writes inDe temporibus anni, translating a portion of Bede'sDe temporum ratione, and he enumerates the seasons together with their Latin counterparts: ‘Veris lenctentid …Aestasis sumer …Autumnusis hærfest …Hiemsis winter.’ Byrhtferth of Ramsey enumerates ‘Þa feower timan … lengten, sumor, hærfest and winter’, allegorizing them as symbols of childhood, adolescence, manhood and old age, of blood, choler, black bile and phlegm, and of air, fire, earth and water, and elsewhere he refers to ‘gewrixlunge Þæsra feower timan, Þæt ys lenctenis and sumoris and hærfestis and wintres’. From these passages, and others like them, it would appear that the Anglo-Saxons observed four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. This conclusion seems obvious enough and represents the conceptual baseline for the Bosworth–Toller dictionary entries forlencten, andlenctentid, sumer, hærfestandwinter, even though it is clear from their own citations thatlenctenandlenctentidoften mean ‘Lent’ andhærfestoften means ‘harvest’.

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van Duijn, Mart. "Editio princeps: A History of the Gutenberg Bible. Eric Marshall White. Harvey Miller Studies in the History of Culture. London: Harvey Miller, 2017. 466 pp. €120." Renaissance Quarterly 72, no. 3 (2019): 1048–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2019.291.

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Damms-Machado, Antje, Suparna Mitra, Asja E. Schollenberger, Klaus Michael Kramer, Tobias Meile, Alfred Königsrainer, Daniel H. Huson, and Stephan C. Bischoff. "Effects of Surgical and Dietary Weight Loss Therapy for Obesity on Gut Microbiota Composition and Nutrient Absorption." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/806248.

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Evidence suggests a correlation between the gut microbiota composition and weight loss caused by caloric restriction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a surgical intervention for obesity, is classified as predominantly restrictive procedure. In this study we investigated functional weight loss mechanisms with regard to gut microbial changes and energy harvest induced by LSG and a very low calorie diet in ten obese subjects (n=5per group) demonstrating identical weight loss during a follow-up period of six months. For gut microbiome analysis next generation sequencing was performed and faeces were analyzed for targeted metabolomics. The energy-reabsorbing potential of the gut microbiota decreased following LSG, indicated by the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, but increased during diet. Changes in butyrate-producing bacterial species were responsible for the Firmicutes changes in both groups. No alteration of faecal butyrate was observed, but the microbial capacity for butyrate fermentation decreased following LSG and increased following dietetic intervention. LSG resulted in enhanced faecal excretion of nonesterified fatty acids and bile acids. LSG, but not dietetic restriction, improved the obesity-associated gut microbiota composition towards a lean microbiome phenotype. Moreover, LSG increased malabsorption due to loss in energy-rich faecal substrates and impairment of bile acid circulation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01344525.

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Geng, Wenjing, and Jun Lin. "Bacterial bile salt hydrolase: an intestinal microbiome target for enhanced animal health." Animal Health Research Reviews 17, no. 2 (December 2016): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252316000153.

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AbstractTo effectively mitigate antimicrobial resistance in the agricultural ecosystem, there is an increasing pressure to reduce and eliminate the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in food animals. However, limiting antibiotic use could compromise animal production efficiency and health. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs was highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacterial enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest; consistent with this finding, the population ofLactobacillusspecies, the major intestinal BSH-producer, was significantly reduced in response to AGP use. Thus, BSH is a key mechanistic microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to AGPs. Despite recent significant progress in the characterization of diverse BSH enzymes, research on BSH is still in its infancy. This review is focused on the function of BSH and its significant impacts on host physiology in human beings, laboratory animals and food animals. The gaps in BSH-based translational microbiome research for enhanced animal health are also identified and discussed.

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López Carral, Alicia. "Eric Marshall White. 'Editio prínceps: A History of the Gutenberg Bible'. Londres: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2017. ISBN: 978-1-909400-84-9." Revista General de Información y Documentación 29, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rgid.66982.

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Heiss, Christina N., and Louise E. Olofsson. "Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism." Journal of Innate Immunity 10, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481519.

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The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food, and produces metabolites and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolites and microbial products act as signaling molecules that modulate appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure. Several findings suggest that the gut microbiota can affect the development of obesity. Germ-free mice are leaner than conventionally raised mice and they are protected against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, obese humans and rodents have an altered gut microbiota composition with less phylogeneic diversity compared to lean controls, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from obese subjects to germ-free mice can transfer the obese phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate a role for the gut microbiota in obesity and suggest that the gut microbiota could be targeted to improve metabolic diseases like obesity. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in energy balance regulation and its potential role in obesity.

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Cherqui, Daniel, Jean C. Emond, Andrea Pietrabissa, Mireille Michel, Manuela Roncella, Silas B. Brown, Peter F. Whitington, and Christoph E. Broelsch. "Segmental Liver Transplantation From Living Donors Report of the Technique and Preliminary Results in Dogs." HPB Surgery 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/74721.

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A technique of orthotopic liver transplantation using a segmental graft from living donors was developed in the dog. Male mongrel dogs weighing 25–30 kg were used as donors and 10–15 kg as recipients. The donor operation consists of harvesting the left lobe of the liver (left medial and left lateral segments) with the left branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct, and the left hepatic vein. The grafts are perfused in situ through the left portal branch to prevent warm ischemia. The recipient operation consists of two phases: 1total hepatectomy with preservation of the inferior vena cava using total vascular exclusion of the liver and veno-venous bypass, 2implantation of the graft in the orthotopic position with anastomosis of the left hepatic vein to the inferior vena cava and portal, arterial and biliary reconstruction. Preliminary experiments consisted of four autologous left lobe transplants and nine non survival allogenic left lobe transplants. Ten survival experiments were conducted. There were no intraoperative deaths in the donors and none required transfusions. One donor died of sepsis, but all the other donor dogs survived without complication. Among the 10 grafts harvested, one was not used because of insufficient bile duct and artery. Two recipients died intraoperatively of air embolus and cardiac arrest at the time of reperfusion. Three dogs survived, two for 24 hours and one for 48 hours. They were awake and alert a few hours after surgery, but eventually died of pulmonary edema in 2 cases and of an unknown reason in the other. Four dogs died 2–12 hours postoperatively as a result of hemorrhage for the graft's transected surface. An outflow block after reperfusion was deemed to be the cause of hemorrhage in these cases. On histologic examination of the grafts, there were no signs of ischemic necrosis or preservation damage.This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of living hepatic allograft donation. It shows that it is possible, in the dog, to safely harvest non ischemic segmental grafts with adequate pedicles without altering the vascularization and the biliary drainage of the remaining liver. We propose that this technique is applicable to human anatomy.

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VALIASILL, Razieh, Majid AZIZI, Maasome BAHREINI, and Hossein AROUIE. "The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb649286.

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Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

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Barkat, Noorani, Jashbir Singh, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. "Effect of harvest time on the levels of phytochemicals, free radical-scavenging activity,α-amylase inhibition and bile acid-binding capacity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 9 (March 25, 2018): 3468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8862.

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BLESSINGTON, TYANN, ELIZABETH J. MITCHAM, and LINDA J. HARRIS. "Growth and Survival of Enterobacteriaceae and Inoculated Salmonella on Walnut Hulls and Maturing Walnut Fruit." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-075.

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Postharvest contamination of in-shell walnuts may occur when the fruit is dropped to or harvested from the orchard floor or as the outer hull is removed with mechanical abrasion and water. To evaluate the effect of maturity on the potential for microbial contamination, ‘Howard’ walnut fruits were collected weekly from the tree canopy, from 6 to 7 weeks before to 1 week after typical commercial harvest. The numbers of microorganisms able to form colonies on plate count agar, MacConkey agar (presumptive Enterobacteriaceae), or violet red bile lactose agar (presumptive coliforms) were compared on whole walnut fruits collected by hand directly from the tree or after exposure to the orchard floor for 10 min or 24 h. Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 was inoculated at <1 to 8 log CFU/g onto 5-g hull pieces (from walnut fruit of different maturities) and stored at ambient temperature (23 to 26°C) in unsealed bags (38 to 90% relative humidity [RH] within bag) or in low humidity (20 to 45% RH) or high humidity (68 to 89% RH) for up to 14 days. Salmonella at 2 or 5 log CFU/ml was inoculated onto hulls before or up to 14 days after blending with water. As the walnut fruit matured, the indigenous bacterial levels on the surface increased, irrespective of whether fruit was collected from the tree or the ground. The RH influenced the growth of inoculated bacteria on hull pieces: Salmonella declined to <0.3 log CFU/g within 24 h at low RH but multiplied from 2 to 6 log CFU/g over 14 days of storage at >40% RH. Salmonella populations declined to <1 CFU/ml within 24 h in freshly blended green hulls but survived or multiplied in blended brown hulls or in blended green hulls that had been stored for 24 h or more before being inoculated.

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Robinson, Kelsy, Sage Becker, Yingping Xiao, Wentao Lyu, Qing Yang, Huiling Zhu, Hua Yang, Jiangchao Zhao, and Guolong Zhang. "Differential Impact of Subtherapeutic Antibiotics and Ionophores on Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090282.

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Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used in the livestock industry at subtherapeutic levels to improve production efficiency, which is achieved mainly through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. However, how different classes of AGPs, particularly ionophores, regulate the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, male Cobb broiler chickens were supplemented for 14 days with or without one of five commonly used AGPs including three classical antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate, tylosin, and virginiamycin) and two ionophores (monensin and salinomycin) that differ in antimicrobial spectrum and mechanisms. Deep sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that two ionophores drastically reduced a number of rare bacteria resulting in a significant decrease in richness and a concomitant increase in evenness of the cecal microbiota, whereas three antibiotics had no obvious impact. Although each AGP modulated the gut microbiota differently, the closer the antibacterial spectrum of AGPs, the more similarly the microbiota was regulated. Importantly, all AGPs had a strong tendency to enrich butyrate- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, while reducing bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria, suggestive of enhanced metabolism and utilization of dietary carbohydrates and lipids and improved energy harvest, which may collectively be responsible for the growth-promoting effect of AGPs.

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Moszak, Małgorzata, Monika Szulińska, Marta Walczak-Gałęzewska, and Paweł Bogdański. "Nutritional Approach Targeting Gut Microbiota in NAFLD—To Date." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041616.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic cancers, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Recently, a series of studies revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in NAFLD’s pathogenesis. The GM plays an essential role in different metabolic pathways, including the fermentation of diet polysaccharides, energy harvest, choline regulation, and bile acid metabolism. One of the most critical factors in GM stabilization is the diet; therefore, nutritional therapyappearsto be a promising tool in NAFLD therapy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge regardingthe nutritional approach and its implications with GM and NAFLD treatment. We discuss the positive impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in a reverse dysbiosis state in NAFLD and show the potential beneficial effects of bioactive substances from the diet. The full description of the mechanism of action and comprehensive examination of the impact of nutritional interventions on GM modulation may, in the future, be a simple but essential tool supporting NAFLD therapy.

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Xie, Chencheng, and Dina Halegoua-DeMarzio. "Role of Probiotics in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Does Gut Microbiota Matter?" Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112837.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic consequence of metabolic syndrome, which often also includes obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The connection between gut microbiota (GM) and NAFLD has attracted significant attention in recent years. Data has shown that GM affects hepatic lipid metabolism and influences the balance between pro/anti-inflammatory effectors in the liver. Although studies reveal the association between GM dysbiosis and NAFLD, decoding the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis resulting in NAFLD remains challenging. The potential pathophysiology that links GM dysbiosis to NAFLD can be summarized as: (1) disrupting the balance between energy harvest and expenditure, (2) promoting hepatic inflammation (impairing intestinal integrity, facilitating endotoxemia, and initiating inflammatory cascades with cytokines releasing), and (3) altered biochemistry metabolism and GM-related metabolites (i.e., bile acid, short-chain fatty acids, aromatic amino acid derivatives, branched-chain amino acids, choline, ethanol). Due to the hypothesis that probiotics/synbiotics could normalize GM and reverse dysbiosis, there have been efforts to investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics/synbiotics in patients with NAFLD. Recent randomized clinical trials suggest that probiotics/synbiotics could improve transaminases, hepatic steatosis, and reduce hepatic inflammation. Despite these promising results, future studies are necessary to understand the full role GM plays in NAFLD development and progression. Additionally, further data is needed to unravel probiotics/synbiotics efficacy, safety, and sustainability as a novel pharmacologic approaches to NAFLD.

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Alcoloumbre, Thierry. "La Bible d'avant la Bible." Pardès 51, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/parde.051.0015.

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Matchett, Karin. "Joseph Cotter. Troubled Harvest: Agronomy and Revolution in Mexico, 1880–2002. (Contributions in Latin American Studies, 22.) xxvi + 393 pp., bibl., index. Westport, Conn./London: Praeger, 2003. $89.95 (cloth)." Isis 96, no. 2 (June 2005): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/491523.

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Sherwood, Yvonne. "Bush’s Bible as a Liberal Bible." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2007): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v2i1.47.

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This essay introduces the four articles collected in this issue of Postscripts as a forum on the theme, “Bush’s Bible.” It also argues that Bush’s Bible can be explained as an example of the “Liberal Bible,” a Bible invented in early modernity, though often misunderstood as expressing the Christian Bible’s original, true nature. The recent history of the Liberal Bible needs to be told and analysed in order to understand the fudged religious–secular compromises of modernity. The very vagueness of Bush’s Bible as a loose repository of principles is a symptom of the paradoxical place of the Bible in modern democratic-(Christian) states.

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Daiber, Karl-Fritz, and M. van der Veer. "Bible and Devotion To the Bible." Journal of Empirical Theology 6, no. 2 (1993): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157092593x00117.

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Spomer, Michelle. "A Comparison of Three Bible Apps: Bible (Logos), Bible Study (Olive Tree), and Bible Gateway (Zondervan)." Charleston Advisor 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.14.4.12.

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Stavely, Keith W. F. "Roger Williams: Bible politics and Bible art." Prose Studies 14, no. 3 (December 1991): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440359108586447.

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Luzbetak, Louis. "Roman Catholics, Bible Societies and Bible Translation." Bible Translator 42, no. 2A (April 1991): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009439104202a06.

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Levene, Nancy. "Spinoza’s Bible." Philosophy and Theology 13, no. 1 (2001): 93–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtheol20011312.

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McVeigh, Daniel M. "Coleridge's Bible." Renascence 49, no. 3 (1997): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence19974939.

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Bach, Alice. "Bush’s Bible." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2007): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v2i1.109.

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George Bush, 43, leans on the Hebrew Bible’s fierce criticism, not only of ancient Israel’s external enemies, but also of its perceived enemies within. The language of righteous empire, of God being on our side and our having this divine mission, has carried the Bush Presidency through torture, carnage, and slaughter. Like the kings against whom the prophets Jeremiah, Isaiah, and Ezekiel speak out, Bush has epitomized the dark side of power, a landscape where death abounds. Further, one wonders about the identity of the Jesus that Bush invokes. In my opinion, the gospel words have been rubbed away, leaving only the gold and glitter, revealing Jesus as an icon of royal power and triumph.

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Mistral, Gabriela. "Bible / Biblia." Mistral Review 1 (2018): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/mr201815.

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McFadden, Kevin. "Printers' Bible." Antioch Review 58, no. 2 (2000): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4613989.

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Schaefer, Trevor. "Luther Bible." ANZTLA EJournal, no. 17 (January 1, 2016): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/anztla.v0i17.545.

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Roughton, A. "Border Bible." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 1, no. 8 (May 22, 2006): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpl082.

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Barnett, Adrian. "Ornithologist's bible." New Scientist 193, no. 2586 (January 2007): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)60109-2.

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Morris, Jeanne Harney. "Grandma's Bible." Christianity & Literature 34, no. 4 (September 1985): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833318503400403.

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Moskovitz, David. "Renewables bible." Electricity Journal 6, no. 3 (April 1993): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(93)90054-o.

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Sollamo, Raija. "Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran: Collected Essays." Journal of Jewish Studies 61, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2933/jjs-2010.

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van der Louw, Theo. "Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran: Collected Essays." Journal for the Study of Judaism 40, no. 1 (2009): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006308x376004.

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Hollander, Harm W. "A Children's Bible or the Bible for Children?" Bible Translator 37, no. 4 (October 1986): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009438603700404.

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Jian, Cao. "The Chinese Mandarin Bible: Exegesis and Bible Translating." Bible Translator 57, no. 3 (July 2006): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009350605700304.

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Tomlinson, Charles. "Harvest." Hudson Review 42, no. 2 (1989): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3851517.

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