Academic literature on the topic 'Hate. 0'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hate. 0"
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Bhat, M. Mohsin Alam. "Hate crimes in India." Jindal Global Law Review 11, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41020-020-00119-0.
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Jefferson, Philip N., and Frederic L. Pryor. "On the geography of hate." Economics Letters 65, no. 3 (December 1999): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00164-0.
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Sobkowicz, P., and A. Sobkowicz. "Dynamics of hate based Internet user networks." European Physical Journal B 73, no. 4 (February 2010): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2010-00039-0.
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Barendt, Eric. "What Is the Harm of Hate Speech?" Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22, no. 3 (May 25, 2019): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-10002-0.
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De Belie, N. "Microorganisms versus stony materials: a love–hate relationship." Materials and Structures 43, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-010-9654-0.
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White, William L. "Erratum to: Why I Hate the Index Finger." HAND 6, no. 2 (March 18, 2011): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11552-011-9321-0.
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Bushman, Brad J., and Roy F. Baumeister. "Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?" Journal of Research in Personality 36, no. 6 (December 2002): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00502-0.
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Groshong, Laura W. "Politics in the Consulting Room: Hate in the Countertransference Revisited." Clinical Social Work Journal 41, no. 1 (November 25, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-011-0371-0.
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Stilley, Harriet. "Make America Hate Again: Trump-Era Horror and the Politics of Fear, Victoria McCollum (ed.) (2019)." European Journal of American Culture 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00050_5.
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Review of: Make America Hate Again: Trump-Era Horror and the Politics of Fear, Victoria McCollum (ed.) (2019) New York: Routledge, 230 pp., ISBN 978-1-13849-828-0, h/bk, £120, ISBN 978-0-36772-745-1, p/bk, £36.99
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Alshalan, Raghad, Hend Al-Khalifa, Duaa Alsaeed, Heyam Al-Baity, and Shahad Alshalan. "Detection of Hate Speech in COVID-19–Related Tweets in the Arab Region: Deep Learning and Topic Modeling Approach." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): e22609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22609.
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Background The massive scale of social media platforms requires an automatic solution for detecting hate speech. These automatic solutions will help reduce the need for manual analysis of content. Most previous literature has cast the hate speech detection problem as a supervised text classification task using classical machine learning methods or, more recently, deep learning methods. However, work investigating this problem in Arabic cyberspace is still limited compared to the published work on English text. Objective This study aims to identify hate speech related to the COVID-19 pandemic posted by Twitter users in the Arab region and to discover the main issues discussed in tweets containing hate speech. Methods We used the ArCOV-19 dataset, an ongoing collection of Arabic tweets related to COVID-19, starting from January 27, 2020. Tweets were analyzed for hate speech using a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model; each tweet was given a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most hateful text. We also used nonnegative matrix factorization to discover the main issues and topics discussed in hate tweets. Results The analysis of hate speech in Twitter data in the Arab region identified that the number of non–hate tweets greatly exceeded the number of hate tweets, where the percentage of hate tweets among COVID-19 related tweets was 3.2% (11,743/547,554). The analysis also revealed that the majority of hate tweets (8385/11,743, 71.4%) contained a low level of hate based on the score provided by the CNN. This study identified Saudi Arabia as the Arab country from which the most COVID-19 hate tweets originated during the pandemic. Furthermore, we showed that the largest number of hate tweets appeared during the time period of March 1-30, 2020, representing 51.9% of all hate tweets (6095/11,743). Contrary to what was anticipated, in the Arab region, it was found that the spread of COVID-19–related hate speech on Twitter was weakly related with the dissemination of the pandemic based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.1982, P=.50). The study also identified the commonly discussed topics in hate tweets during the pandemic. Analysis of the 7 extracted topics showed that 6 of the 7 identified topics were related to hate speech against China and Iran. Arab users also discussed topics related to political conflicts in the Arab region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic poses serious public health challenges to nations worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, frequent use of social media can contribute to the spread of hate speech. Hate speech on the web can have a negative impact on society, and hate speech may have a direct correlation with real hate crimes, which increases the threat associated with being targeted by hate speech and abusive language. This study is the first to analyze hate speech in the context of Arabic COVID-19–related tweets in the Arab region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hate. 0"
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伸次, 桧垣, and Shinji Higaki. "ヘイト・スピーチ規制に関する憲法学的考察 : 表現の自由を巡る現代的課題." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12972124/?lang=0, 2015. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12972124/?lang=0.
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Brock, Melissa Marie. "Science versus religion Protestant dominance and cultural discrimination in public schools /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Zamora, Cura Carlos Alberto. "On languages in AC§0 that have a neutral letter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29812.pdf.
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Massamba-Sita, Hyacinthe. "Etude et réalisation d'un générateur haute fréquence de puissance (0-3 KW)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994997.
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Mangin-Thro, Lucile. "Ordre magnétique à q=0 dans les cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS170/document.
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Cette thèse a pour motivation l'étude de l'ordre magnétique à q=0 dans les cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique. Cet ordre a déjà été reporté dans quatre familles de cuprates grâce à la diffusion de neutrons polarisés. Il est établi, sur une large gamme de dopage en trous, que cet ordre se développe à partir d'une température Tmag comparable à la température d'apparition de la phase de pseudo-gap T*. Ces observations sont compatibles avec un modèle de boucles de courant, qui induisent des moments magnétiques orbitaux. Les symétries mises en jeu sont la brisure par renversement du temps et l'invariance par translation. D'un point de vue expérimental, il s'agit non seulement de vérifier systématiquement l'existence de cet ordre magnétique, mais également de saisir sa nature. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l'étude de deux systèmes bicouches, YBa2Cu3O6+x et Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré la persistance de l'ordre magnétique à q=0 pour une valeur de Tmag relativement élevée, dans des échantillons proches du dopage optimal. Toutefois, l'intensité magnétique associée est fortement réduite. Nous avons montré que ceci était en fait dû à la présence de domaines de taille finie, l'ordre est à courte portée. Aussi, nous avons déterminé le facteur de structure le long de l'axe c, il présente une décroissance rapide unique. Dans le cadre des boucles de courant, une possible modélisation consisterait en une résultante de deux anapoles pointant le long de b* au sein de la bicouche. D'autre part, nous avons confirmé l'existence d'un moment magnétique incliné sous Tmag. Nous avons cependant mis en évidence un caractère Ising le long de l'axe c à haute température. Enfin, nous avons prouvé que le signal associé à l'ordre magnétique à q=0 continue d'augmenter dans l'état supraconducteurThis work is motivated by the study of the intra-unit-cell magnetic order in cuprate high temperature superconductors. It has been already reported in four cuprate families by using polarized neutron scattering, and it is well documented in a wide hole doping range. This order develops below Tmag, which matches the pseudo-gap temperature T*. This magnetic phase could be induced by the staggered orbital magnetism within the unit cell as proposed in the loop current model. This intra-unit-cell magnetic order indicates that time reversal symmetry is broken, but translation invariance is preserved. Experimentally, the goal is not only to systematically verify the existence of this intra-unit-cell magnetic order, but also to seize its nature. We particularly focused on two bilayer systems, YBa2Cu3O6+x and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. First, we revealed the persistence of the intra-unit-cell magnetic order at relatively high Tmag, near optimal doping. Compared to samples with a lower hole doping level, the magnetic intensity is strongly reduced. We demonstrated that this is due to finite magnetic correlation lengths. Moreover, we determined the associated magnetic structure factor along c, which displays a unique sharp decreasing. It is consistent with a model in which the sum of two anapoles within the bilayer is pointing along b*. Besides, below Tmag, we confirmed the existence of a tilt of the magnetic moment. However, we showed that at high temperature an Ising-like response along the c-axis is recovered. Finally, we proved that the magnetic signal associated to the intra-unit-cell magnetic order is still increasing in the superconducting state
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Barrier, Joël. "Contribution à l'optimisation de l'interface Si3N4/Ga[subscript 0. 47]In[subscript 0. 53]As pour la réalisation de MISFETs à haute stabilité." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10109.
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Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés électriques de l'interface Si(3)n(4)/GaInAs pour optimiser un procédé de fabrication des transistors MISFETs sur GaInAs. Afin de remédier aux problèmes de dérive du courant généralement observés. Sur ce type de dispositif, le procédé choisi se définit par trois points principaux : un système opérant sous ultravide, la désoxydation de la surface de GaInAs et le dépôt de nitrure de silicium par plasma multipolaire.
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Delas, Aurélien. "L'hôpital public, un nouvel acteur territorial entre aménagement sanitaire et rivalités stratégiques : le cas de la Haute-Normandie." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/182114627#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Acteur clef de l’aménagement sanitaire et économique d’un territoire, l’hôpital public ne peut garantir sa pérennité et tenter de rivaliser avec le secteur privé que par la construction d’une stratégie territoriale pertinente et partagée, passant par le développement de liens de coopération avec les autres acteurs de santé et l’augmentation de son activité programmée. Analysant le cas haut-normand, les hôpitaux français ont progressivement intégré la nécessité d’une approche territoriale renforcée de leur offre de soins sous l’influence de leur nouveau mode de financement à l’activité, d’une gouvernance interne rénovée et d’exigences de qualité renforcées, ainsi que des problématiques de démographie des professions de santé et d’aggravation des inégalités sanitaires et socioterritoriales des populations. Les hôpitaux publics doivent désormais élaborer une stratégie territoriale de développement de leurs activités de soins à partir de l’analyse géopolitique de leur environnement local intégrant les données socioanitaires de la population, les atouts et faiblesses propres à chaque hôpital, le positionnement des autres établissements de santé et les relations avec les autorités de tutelle de l’Etat et particulièrement avec les élus locauxAs a key player in health and economic planning of a territory, public hospitals can only guarantee their sustainability and compete with private sector by building a relevant territorial strategy. It includes developing cooperation ties with other health actors and increasing its planned activities. Analyzing the situation in Upper Normandy, French hospitals have gradually integrated the need of an increased territorial approach of their health care activities under the influence of new financing mode, renewed internal governance and reinforced quality standards as well as new challenges regarding the demography of health professionals and the increasing sanitary and socio-spatial inequalities. Public hospitals must now develop a territorial strategy of development according to their local geopolitical context, which include socio-sanitary information about the population, strengths and weaknesses of each hospital, competitive position of local health actors and the relationships with state operators and, above all, local authorities. Les hôpitaux publics doivent désormais élaborer une stratégie territoriale de développement de leurs activités de soins à partir de l’analyse géopolitique de leur environnement local intégrant les données socioanitaires de la population, les atouts et faiblesses propres à chaque hôpital, le positionnement des autres établissements de santé et les relations avec les autorités de tutelle de l’Etat et particulièrement avec les élus locaux
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MONSANGLANT, CELINE. "Mesures de masses de haute precision avec mistral au voisinage de 3 2 1 2mg 2 0." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112253.
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L'exploration de la vallee de stabilite dans la direction des isospins est actuellement un enjeu tres important en physique nucleaire. Dans ce cadre, les mesures de masses sont de tres bonnes indications des changements de structures nucleaires et permettent la contrainte, loin de la stabilite, des modeles existants. Ce travail est consacre a l'etude de la region riche en neutrons autour de 3 2 1 2mg 2 0, nucleide radioactif de tres courte duree de vie (95 ms). Mistral est un spectrometre a radiofrequence et a transmission en ligne installe au cern a isolde au cours de l'ete 1997. La mesure de masse s'effectue par la mesure de la frequence cyclotron de l'ion tournant dans un champ magnetique homogene comparee a celle d'un ion de reference. Cette methode permet des mesures de masse tres rapides et tres precises (quelques 10 7). Des mesures de la masse de 2 5 , 2 6ne et 3 2mg ont ete effectuees en 1999. L'analyse a ete rendue complexe par la presence de nombreux isobares dans le faisceau radioactif. Les valeurs de mistral pour les trois nucleides sont plus precises et ont donc le plus grand poids dans la nouvelle evaluation. La masse de 3 2mg a ete trouvee plus liee de 280 kev par rapport aux tables. L'intensite de la deformation de la region etudiee est renforcee. La fermeture de couche a n = 20 semble disparaitre pour ce nucleide. Des comparaisons a des modeles classiques en physique nucleaire (modele en couche, modele de champ moyen, etc. ) ont ete etudiees.
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Decorse, Philippe. "Etude comparative des propriétés de surface et de volume d'oxydes de type pérovskite La#1#-#xSr#xMnO#3#+# (0x1, 0 ou 0) utilisables dans les piles à combustible haute température." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS061.
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Les composés de type pérovskite La#1#-#xSr#xMnO#3#+# (ox1, 0 ou 0) sont de bons candidats comme cathodes des piles à combustible à électrolyte oxyde solide. Le contrôle de la composition chimique et de l'état d'oxydation du manganèse dans les conditions de température et de pression partielle d'oxygène de fonctionnement des piles sont des points majeurs dans l'optimisation des propriétés de tels composés. La présente étude a pour but de déterminer et de comparer ces propriétés, d'une part dans le volume de ces solides et, d'autre part, dans leurs couches superficielles qui jouent un rôle primordial dans les propriétés globales (réactivité à l'interface et transport jusqu'à l'électrolyte). Dans le cas d'une poudre fine de composition La#0#. #8Sr#0#. #2MnO#3, la composition chimique dans les couches superficielles est peu dépendante des conditions du traitement thermique sous oxygène. Il en est de même pour l'état d'oxydation moyen du manganèse qui reste très proche de l'etat Mn#4#+. Les paramètres contrôlant la densification par frittage d'une céramique de même composition ont été déterminés. La vitesse de montée en température doit être suffisamment faible. La température de frittage et le temps de maintien en palier dépendent des deux stades de frittage identifiés dont l'importance relative est fonction de la pression partielle d'oxygène. Dans le cas de frittes de compositions diverses (x=0, 0. 2, 0. 5 et 1), dans l'oxygène à haute température, la surface s'enrichit en strontium par rapport au volume et ceci d'autant plus que x est plus grand. De plus, quelle que soit la composition, un déficit en ions manganèse est systématiquement mis en évidence dans les couches superficielles. Une corrélation entre la concentration de surface en strontium et le degré d'oxydation moyen du manganèse dans les couches superficielles est détectée. La comparaison des résultats obtenus sur la poudre fine et sur les frittes montrent l'importance fondamentale des propriétés des joints de grain.
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CASANDJIAN, JEAN-MARC. "Etude de l'influence des forces de van der waals de couleur et d'effets non coulombiens dans la diffusion #2#0#8pb+#2#0#8pb par une experience de haute precision." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112266.
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Dans ce travail la mesure precise de la position angulaire absolue des oscillations de la section efficace de la diffusion elastique #2#0#8pb+#2#0#8pb est etudiee. L'objectif principal est de verifier si tous les ingredients d'une diffusion elastique sont connus meme lorsque la precision angulaire est de quelques milli-degres, ou s'il l'on doit introduire des elements nouveaux comme une force de van der waals de couleur. L'experience a ete realisee au ganil, une precision de 0. 004 a ete obtenue sur la position absolue des oscillations et un decalage de quelques centiemes de degres par rapport a la position attendue pour une diffusion purement coulombienne a ete observe. L'obtention de cette precision a necessite des precautions particulieres dans la mesure absolue de l'energie, de la position de la cible et de l'angle de diffusion. Il est d'abord etudier la dispersion angulaire dans une cible mince et la production d'electrons lors de la diffusion. Ensuite l'origine du decalage angulaire des oscillations de la section efficace a ete etudie par le calcul de tous les potentiels presents lors de la diffusion. L'accord entre experience et theorie a permis d'instaurer une nouvelle limite de l'interaction van der waals de couleur
Books on the topic "Hate. 0"
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Gold, Lois. Between Love and Hate. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6582-0.
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Haynes, Amanda, Jennifer Schweppe, and Seamus Taylor, eds. Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52667-0.
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Moseley, V. J. "Jon", Andreas Lampropoulos, Eftychia Apostolidi, and Christos Giarlelis. Characteristic Seismic Failures of Buildings. Edited by Stephanos E. Dritsos. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed016.
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<p>Earthquakes can cause considerable fatalities, injuries and financial loss. The forces of nature cannot be blamed, as the problem lies with the structures in seismic regions that may not have been designed or constructed to a sufficient degree to resist earthquake actions or they may have design flaws. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) concerns reinforced concrete and masonry buildings together with geotechnical aspects and presents in a concise and practical way the state of the art of current understanding of building failures due to earthquakes. It classifies the different types of seismic failure, explains the reasons for each failure, describes good practices to avoid such failures and also describes seismic retrofitting/upgrading procedures for pre-earthquake strengthening and post-earthquake repair and/or strengthening techniques for deficient buildings. Carefully selected photographs and diagrams illustrate the different failure types. This document could be considered as quite unique, as this is the first time such material concerning characteristic seismic failures of buildings has been presented together in one single document. It is intended to be a valuable educational reference textbook aimed at all levels of experience of engineers. It provides background information, ideas, guidance and reassurance to engineers in earthquake regions faced with the task of building a safer future for the public and to protect lives. <p> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oddi3VTtxCM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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Costantini, Dino, ed. Multiculturalismo alla francese? Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-350-0.
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In theory, republican orthodoxy does not acknowledge the political dignity of any intermediary body between free and equal individuals, stripped of all particularism, and the sovereign nation. This is why, right up to the present, the French public debate has been marked by an entrenched suspicion towards all forms of «communitarism», and by the proscription of the very concept of multicultural politics. But have the policies actually pursued by republican France been consistent with the proclaimed principles? Is it genuinely possible to claim that cultural identities have never been publicly «recognised»? This multidisciplinary investigation proposes to address the ambiguous relations between theory and practice in the Republican management of cultural pluralism.
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Moliterni, Rocco, and Jacques Martin, eds. Proceedings of the 11th Toulon-Verona International Conference on Quality in Services. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-855-0.
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The Toulon-Verona Conference was founded in 1998 by prof. Claudio Baccarani of the University of Verona, Italy, and prof. Michel Weill of the University of Toulon, France. It has been organized each year in a different place in Europe in cooperation with a host university (Toulon 1998, Verona 1999, Derby 2000, Mons 2001, Lisbon 2002, Oviedo 2003, Toulon 2004, Palermo 2005, Paisley 2006, Thessaloniki 2007, Florence, 2008). Originally focusing on higher education institutions, the research themes have over the years been extended to the health sector, local government, tourism, logistics, banking services. Around a hundred delegates from about twenty different countries participate each year and nearly one thousand research papers have been published over the last ten years, making of the conference one of the major events in the field of quality in services.
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Meade, Douglas S., ed. In Quest of the Craft. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-820-0.
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INFORUM is a research project started more than forty five years ago by Clopper Almon. The focus is on the development of dynamic, interindustry, macroeconometric models to forecast the economy in the long run. Over the last 30 years, the Inforum approach to model building has been shared by economists in many different countries. Researchers have focused much of their efforts to developing a linked system of international interindustry models with a consistent methodology. A world-wide network of research associates use similar methods and a common software obtaining comparable results to produce studies of common interest to the group. Inforum partners have shared their research in an annual conference since 1993. The XXII Inforum World Conference was held in Alexandria, Virginia in September 2014 and this book contains a selection of papers presented during the sessions. All these contributions share an empirical and pragmatic orientation that is very useful for policymakers, business, and applied economists. Some papers are devoted to specific topics (productivity, energy, international trade, demographic changes) and some others are oriented to model building and simulations.
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Akuetey-Doe, Marvin, Rafael Ashkrizzadeh, Hassib Hamid, Marcel Harich, Stefan Hoffmann, Kim Niclas Holste, Sabrina Janning, et al. Die Zukunft und die natürlichen Grenzen des Konsums. Edited by Nils Christian Hoffmann and Amelie Griesoph. Kiel, Germany: CAU, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38071/2020-00293-0.
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Ein Blick in die Zukunft lässt erkennen, dass unser vermeintlich grenzenloser Konsum langsam aber sicher an seine natürlichen Grenzen stößt. Der fortschreitende Klimawandel und seine nicht ignorierbaren Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, unser Umfeld und unsere Gesellschaft zwingen unser Wirtschaftssystem und seine Akteure dazu, wirtschaftliches Handeln nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Im Rahmen dieses Zukunftsberichtes sollen Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsprojekte und Ergebnisse studentischer Forschungsarbeiten der Professur für Marketing der CAU Kiel gegeben werden, die sich mit dem Wandel hin zu nachhaltigerem Konsumentenverhalten beschäftigt. In qualitativen Analysen wird die Einstellung von Konsumierenden zu Themen wie dem Fleischkonsum, der Undurchsichdigkeit inflationärer CO2-Labels, dem Phänomen Flugscham und der Frage nach Nachhaltigkeits-Lehre in der Schule, beleuchtet. Darüber hinaus wird im Rahmen verschiedener Forschungsprojekte der Professur vermittelt, wie sich klimafreundliche Ernährung durch „Nudging“ fördern lässt, wie indirekte Rebound-Effekte auf Ebene privater Haushalte wirken, welche Verantwortung auf Konsumenten in Zeiten der Digitalisierung zukommt, wie sich Konsumentenverantwortung in Zeiten der Globalisierung interkulturell unterscheiden lässt und was es mit dem Phänomen der Konsumentenfeindlichkeit auf sich hat.
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Romano, Donato, and Gianluca Stefani, eds. How safe is eating chicken? Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-109-0.
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Consumers' trust is a key factor in dealing with rising concerns about food safety and food quality, but only few studies have dealt with consumer attitudes and none of them has tried to model the process of consumer response. This book reports the main findings of an european project aimed at analysing trust along the food chain and its relationship with food risk communication. The papers collected investigate the mechanisms that determine the social diffusion of trust, examiConsumers trust is a key factor in dealing with rising concerns about food safety and food quality, but only few studies have dealt with consumer attitudes and none of them has tried to model the process of consumer response. This book reports the main findings of an european project aimed at analysing trust along the food chain and its relationship with food risk communication. The papers collected investigate the mechanisms that determine the social diffusion of trust, examining the interplay of the psychological, sociological and economic factors; and analyze the impact of the food risk communication policies on consumers and producers and on the society as a whole.ning the interplay of the psychological, sociological and economic factors; and analyze the impact of the food risk communication policies on consumers and producers and on the society as a whole.
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De Poli, Barbara. Freemasonry and the Orient. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-338-0.
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The symbolic and historical dimension of the main founding archetypes of Freemasonry – the Orient with a special focus on Egypt – are at the core of this book, which aims to recover the red thread with which masons tie together Masonry and Oriental esotericism. If, on the one hand, the Author points out mystifications and inventions that have characterised part of the Masonic narrative on its origins; on the other hand, she unearths the history of real contaminations and intersections between esotericism of the East and the West, digging up the common matrix that nourished them.
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Vian, Giovanni. Le pontificat romain dans l’époque contemporaine | The Papacy in the Contemporary Age. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-239-0.
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The volume, deepening specific aspects of the popes from Pius X to Francis, offers, overall, a historical reading of the papacy from the early twentieth century to the present. In this time – between uncertainties, resistances, cautious openings – the papacy realised the transition from intransigent Catholicism to dialogue with modernity and its most characteristic cultural, political and social expressions. In this regard, the presence of swings and retractions in the popes of the last decades are also an expression of the troubles that have marked the long and difficult coexistence between papacy, Roman Catholic Church and modernity, until pope Bergoglio’s new guidelines.
Book chapters on the topic "Hate. 0"
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Morewitz, Stephen J. "Hate Crimes." In Death Threats and Violence, 102–18. New York, NY: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76663-8_10.
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McDevitt, Jack, and Jennifer Williamson. "Hate Crimes Directed at Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgendered Victims." In International Handbook of Violence Research, 801–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48039-3_40.
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Kidger, Mark R. "The Breakup of C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), Days 0-10." In Cometary Science after Hale-Bopp, 157–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1088-6_17.
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De Fabrique, Nathalie. "Hare Psychopathy Checklist." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1210–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_837.
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Williams, Thomas R., François Charette, Roy H. Garstang, Katherine Bracher, Yoshihide Kozai, Jürgen Hamel, Daniel W. E. Green, et al. "Hale, George Ellery." In The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 461–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_571.
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Sheehan, William, and Christopher J. Conselice. "“I Have Looked Farther....”." In Galactic Encounters, 28–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85347-5_3.
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Godfrey, Jeanne. "Have a clear structure." In Writing for University, 76–79. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34621-5_17.
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Godfrey, Jeanne. "Have clear para graphs." In Writing for University, 80–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34621-5_18.
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Godfrey, Jeanne. "Have a clear style." In Writing for University, 83–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34621-5_19.
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Lee, W. Vernon, and Stephen P. Weinstein. "How Far Have We Come?" In Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 337–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47141-8_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hate. 0"
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Rasmussen, Steen, Adi Constantinescu, and Carsten Svaneborg. "Protocells: what we have learned about minimal life and evolvability." In Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2016. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33936-0-ch018.
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Li, Rusong, Bin He, Quanhu Zhang, and Qianwei Du. "Density Functional Calculation of Property of the (1 0 0) Surface of γ-Pu." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29071.
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Pu material can generate surface corrosion and self-radiation effect during storage, leading to the creation and recoil of uranium and helium ions, which produce defects through displacement cascades, these self-irradiation defects tend to change plutonium properties. To study these aging behavior, calculations at the spin unrestricted generalized gradient approximation (GGA) level of density functional theory (DFT) have been performed using the DMol3 programs. Relativistic effects, such as mass-velocity, Darwin term, are considered in this code. Some conclusions are draw as follows: 1) Band structure of the (100) surface of γ-Pu is very narrow around the Fermi level, showing that the eigenstate of this level is mainly composed of local atomic orbital, the local property of electrons in this band is very strong, while the band around the Fermi level is mainly constituted by 5f narrow band; 2) DOS of the (100) surface of γ-Pu are mainly composed of the density of states in −48–41eV, −23–16eV, −3–2eV; 3) Contribution of s shell to the total DOS is mainly distributed in the first interval, and p shell is mainly in the second interval, while d and f shells are mainly in the third interval.
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Cook-Chennault, K. A., D. Cosaboon, D. Eigbe, B. Pitcavage, M. Whitzer, and D. Castley. "Enhanced Output Voltage and Power From Conductive Inclusions in a 0-3-0 Piezoelectric Composite." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39650.
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The results for a feasibility study on the inclusion of aluminum particles within cement/PZT composites are presented. The influence of aluminum on output voltage and power is investigated, which has not been done for piezoelectric-cement composites before. In the experiments, the amount of PZT was held constant at 50% (by volume), while the aluminum content was varied, 0%, 5% and 10% volume. The samples were subjected to g-loads that ranged from 0.5–2.0 g’s and frequencies between 200 and 250 Hz, while a resistive load of 1 ohm was applied to determine output power. The output power from samples containing 5% and 10% aluminum, produced ∼3.5 and ∼5.8 times more output power than samples containing only PZT and cement. We have also demonstrated that aluminum/PZT/Cement composites can be fabricated using a mix and cold-compression method.
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Covert III, Arthur W., Lane Smith, Dakota Z. Derrberry, and Claus O. Wilke. "What does sex have to do with it: tracking the fate of deleterious mutations in sexual populations." In International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems. MIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31050-5-ch005.
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Kubiak S., J., G. Gonzalez R., D. Jua´rez R., J. Nebradt G., and F. Sierra E. "Failure Analysis of the L-0 Steam Turbine Blade." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40056.
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The main objective of the paper is to present an analysis that leads to detect the most possible cause of the L-0 blade fracture. Recently, several L-0 blades 28.5 inches long of a steam turbine have fractured. The fracture appeared 5 inches from the blade root platform, Fig. 1-“C”, causing the forced outage of the turbine. Previously, in the beginning of the last decade a finite element analysis of the blade was carried out calculating the natural frequencies and the vibratory stresses, and also, a telemetry test was carried out on these blades. These were published several years ago [1]. The analysis results gathered then were very precious to find a root cause of the present failure. To find out the causes of the blade fracture the following activities were carried out: analysis of the operational data during the last two years, analysis of the previous investigations, metallurgical investigations, identification of the mechanical and metallurgical modes of the failure. Apart from that, the turbine was overloaded by certain period of time. In this paper the results of the investigations indicated a miswelding process of the stubs as a principal cause of the blade fracture.
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Verges, Melody A., Paul J. Schilling, Paul D. Herrington, and Arun K. Tatiparthi. "Investigation of Microcrack Growth in [0/90]s Composite Laminates." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43720.
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Techniques such as optical microscopy and X-radiography have provided useful information regarding damage in composite laminates, particular in therms of microcracking behavior in individual plies. This focuses on the investigation of microcracking and damage evolution in loaded composite laminates via X-ray computed microtomography. The main advantage in the use of such a technique is that damage within the composite can be assessed in three-dimensions without destruction of the composite. In this work, IM7/977–2, IM7/5555, and IM7/5276-1 coupons were uniaxially tested in a tensile substage, Graphs that convey microcracking density information as a function of applied load were created for [0/90/90/0] laminates. The three dimensional geometry and connectivity of microcracks and other damage in these samples were investigated through microtomographic reconstruction.
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Rubczak, Anna. "Design public spaces to enable all 0-5 year children flourish." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pyra2020.
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The Public Spaces of Tomorrow are places that enable young children 0-5 to flourish. Contemporary places support healthy child development. The early years are the foundation for lifelong physical and mental health, wellbeing, and social skills. Designing, planning, and building new public spaces for our babies and toddlers should take into consideration the wellbeing of their caregivers. Engage parents, grandparents, siblings, or pregnant women in the design process provides for the ability to create new types of public spaces. Knowledge of how to do it for wellbeing in specific circumstances, places, social or natural environment is the purpose of the work (for ex. the Covid-19 pandemic is still unfolding but the principle of healthy development or caregiver isn`t changing). Responsibility of local authorities, urban planners, architects, park managers, all people engaged in city planning and functioning, have their role to play. During the collaborative workshop Mentor and Student Research Lab 3 in Poland (Gdańsk University of Technology) numerous investigation and methods were tried to answer research questions on how to resolve problems of designing public spaces of tomorrow.
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Calleja-Arriaga, W., C. Zu´n˜iga-Islas, P. Rosales-Quintero, J. De la Hidalga-Wade, C. Reyes-Betanzo, A. Torres-Jacome, and M. Linares-Aranda. "Bulk Micromachining of High Index Silicon Wafers and Possible Applications in Microchannels and Diffractive Elements." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30189.
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In this silicon bulk micromachining project we are evaluating new approaches to develop well-controlled 3-D microstructures for microfluidics and diffractive elements. Several approaches have been fabricated and reported using rectangular structures on (0 0 1) and (0 1 1) silicon wafers. In this work, n-type, 2–5 ohm-cm, two inch, 300 μ-thick, high index (1 1 3), (1 1 4), ( 5 5 12), (0 1 1) silicon wafers were used, which were produced from [1 1 2] ingots. Most micromachined structures compatible in Microsystems are fabricated on (0 0 1) and (0 1 1) wafers and rarely using high index wafers. Several sophisticated microstructures maybe fulfilled by using this kind of substrates with different crystallographic orientations. In our experimental work, the etching pattern was designed including several polygon-like structures to analyze the resulting morphology and crystallographic planes developed during a long-time etching. One of them, an array of 10 squared structures is arranged as follows: the first square is aligned parallel/perpendicular to the (0 1 1) main flat and then the next squares were slanted ranging from 5° till 45° in 5° steps. We have developed an experimental set using different KOH-H2O dilution at 60°C. All the experimental procedure was developed at the same time on (0 0 1) and (0 1 1) silicon wafers, which were used as control samples. Our etching mask containing several polygon-like structures was transferred parallel to the main (0 1 1) flat of the low and high index wafers. We are reporting the etching of several structures, watching the roughness evolution of the walls and bottom surfaces, with the main purpose of developing microstructures for microfluidics and integrated optics applications. In this way we have observed a couple of interesting structures whose very smooth walls could be used to develop a very simple fabrication procedure of blazed diffraction gratings for infrared applications.
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Lin, Tao, and David L. Russell. "Estimating the Interaction Kernel in a Mathematical Model for a Beam With Internal Damping Mechanism." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0675.
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Abstract Beams formed by long fiber composite materials have certain internal damping torque. A mathematical model for the displacement of this type of beams in cantilever configuration is the following initial-boundary value problem of an integro-differential equation [1, 14]: (1) ρ ( x ) w t t ( x , t ) − 2 ( ∫ 0 L h ( x , y ) [ w t x ( x , t ) − w t x ( y , t ) ] d y ) x + ( E I w x x ( x , t ) ) x x = f ( x , t ) , (2) w ( 0 , t ) = 0 , w x ( 0 , t ) = 0 , (3) w x x ( L , t ) = b l 1 ( t ) , (4) − ( E I w x x ( x , t ) ) x | x = L + 2 ∫ 0 L h ( L , y ) [ w t x ( L , t ) − w t x ( y , t ) ] d y = b l 2 ( t ) , (5) w ( x , 0 ) = w 0 ( x ) , w t ( x , 0 ) = w 1 ( x ) , where L is length of the beam, w(x, t) is the transverse displacement of the beam at time t and position x, ρ(x) is the mass density, EI is the stiffness parameter. The interaction integral kernel h(x, ξ) is introduced in this model by considering a restoring torque which comes from spatially variable bending of the beam. This kernel h(x, ξ) depends on the material properties of the beam. Choosing a different material (different h(x, ξ)) can realize a different damping effect for the beam.
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Rahman, Kazi Moshiur, Todd Letcher, and Riley Reese. "Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured PEEK Components Using Fused Filament Fabrication." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52209.
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Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is introduced as a material for the additive manufacturing process called fused filament fabrication (FFF), as opposed to selective laser sintering (SLS) manufacturing. FFF manufacturing has several advantages over SLS manufacturing, including lower initial machine purchases costs, ease of use (spool of filament material vs powder material), reduced risk of material contamination and/or degradation, and safety for the users of the equipment. PEEK is an excellent candidate for FFF due to its low moisture absorption as opposed to other common FFF materials, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). PEEK has been processed into a filament and samples have been manufactured using several build orientations and extrusion paths. The samples were used to conduct tensile, compression, flexural, and impact testing to determine mechanical strength characteristics such as yield strength, modulus of elasticity, ultimate tensile strength and maximum elongation, etc. All tests were conducted at room temperature. A microscope analysis was also conducted to show features on the failures surfaces. The mechanical property results from this study are compared to other published results using traditional thermo-plastic manufacturing techniques, such injection molding. Tensile testing was conducted at three raster orientations, 0°, 90° and alternating between 0° and 90°. Average ultimate tensile stresses were determined to be 73 MPa for 0° orientation, and 54 MPa for 90° orientation, with alternating 0°/90° orientations of 66.5 MPa. Compression testing was conducted at two raster orientations, 0° and alternating between 0° and 90°. Average ultimate strength for the single orientation direction was 80.9 MPa with the alternating orientations at 72.8 MPa. Flexural testing was conducted at three raster orientations, 0°, 90° and alternating between 0° and 90°. Ultimate flexural stress was determined to be 111.7 MPa for 0°, 79.7 MPa for 90°, and 95.3 MPa for orientations alternating between 0° and 90°. Finally, impact testing was conducted at three raster orientations, 0°, 90° and alternating between 0° and 90°. Average impact energy absorbed was determined to be 17.5 Nm in the 0° orientation, 1.4 Nm in the 90° orientation, and 0.7 Nm for the alternating 0° and 90° orientations.
Reports on the topic "Hate. 0"
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Wills, Gabrielle, Janeli Kotzé, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. A Sector Hanging in the Balance: Early Childhood Development and Lockdown in South Africa. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/055.
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New evidence suggests that over four months after the closure of early childhood development (ECD) programmes on 18 March 2020, the ECD sector was likely to be operating at less than a quarter of its pre-lockdown levels. Of the 38 percent of respondents from the new NIDS-CRAM survey reporting that children aged 0-6 in their households had attended ECD programmes before the lockdown in March, only 12 percent indicated that children had returned to these programmes by mid-July, well after programmes were allowed to reopen. Using these findings, we estimate that just 13 percent of children aged 0-6 were attending ECD programmes by mid-July to mid-August compared to 47 percent in 2018. The last time that ECD attendance rates were as low as this was in the early 2000s. At this point it is not yet clear what proportion of these declines are only temporary, or whether there will be a lasting impact on ECD enrolment in the country. This dramatic contraction in the ECD sector relates to prohibitive costs to reopening ‘safely’ imposed by the regulatory environment, coupled with shocks to the demand side for ECD programmes (both in terms of reduced household incomes and parent fears of children contracting COVID-19). When viewed from a broader socio-economic lens, the threat of ECD programme closures across the nation will have impacts beyond ECD operators to the lives of millions of children, millions of households and millions of adults who rely on these ECD services. A swift intervention by government is necessary to save this important sector and limit the ripple effect of programme closures on multiple layers of society.
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Ley, M., Zane Lloyd, Shinhyu Kang, and Dan Cook. Concrete Pavement Mixtures with High Supplementary Cementitious Materials Content: Volume 3. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-032.
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Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion, made up of particles that are collected through various methods. This by-product has been used successfully as a partial Portland cement replacement in concrete, but the performance predictions of fly ash in concrete have been difficult to predict, especially at high fly ash replacement rates. This study focuses on comparing the performance of concrete with a variety of fly ash mixtures as well as the particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash. The slump, unit weight, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimetry tests were used to measure the performance of concrete at 0%, 20%, and 40% fly ash replacement levels. The particle distribution of fly ash was measured with an automated scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the major and minor oxides from the chemical makeup of fly ash were measured for each mixture and inputted into a table. The particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash were compared to the performance of slump, unit weight, compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, and surface electrical resistivity.
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DeAnna, Dixon, and Hodo Wayne. Finite element analysis of quoin block deterioration and load transfer mechanisms in miter gates : pintle and pintle connections. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40842.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) currently operates and maintains approximately 193 commercially active lock sites with 239 locks and dams spanning nearly 12,000 miles. These networks of water channels are used to transport 600 million tons of domestic cargo, generating $405 billion in revenue annually. Nearly 60% of these structures in operation are over 50 years old and have reached design life. A failure of the miter gates could result in a major negative impact on the economy and on the ability to maintain flood control. Administrators need recommendations to better prioritize maintenance and repair of the USACE miter gates. This work investigated the influence of miter gate’s quoin block degradation on load transfer to the pintle and/or pintle connections. Results of finite element analysis are reported for the quoin block degradation simulated levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. The parametric study shows the overstressed regions are the pintle neck and bolt-hole regions. To improve pintle designs so they may better mitigate detrimental environmental based deterioration effects, this work recommends (1) increasing the thickness of the bolt-hole connection region and (2) adding ribbing reinforcement around the neck area of the pintle.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.
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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
Full textAbstract:
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.