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Journal articles on the topic 'Hate literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Wang, Peijing, and Noor Hasmini AbdGhani. "LITERATURE REVIEW ON BRAND HATE." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices 7, no. 24 (March 5, 2024): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijemp.724011.

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In recent years, there has been a growing academic interest in understanding the sense of brand hate, so it is necessary to review the relevant literature. Brand hate is a relatively new concept in recent years and it will have an impact on consumer behavior. Brand hate is negative brand emotion, which is derived from Stergner's (2003) hate triangle theory. The existence of brand hate makes it imperative for marketing scholars to pay attention to the negative emotional factors of consumers. The main objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to discuss the definitions and dimensions of brand hatred by conducting a systematic review of the existing brand hatred literature; (ii) to summarize the importance of brand hatred and the factors that influence brand hatred from the literature, and; (iii) to summarize the previous studies on brand hatred. On this basis, valuable insights are provided to practitioners that brand managers must be proactive in reducing brand hate and retaining customers, and that brand managers risk losing customers and business if they do not take appropriate measures.

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2

Kovacevic, Milica. "Hate crimes." Temida 12, no. 4 (2009): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0904093k.

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There is not much interest for the subject of hate crime in our literature. In the article, the author defines hate crime, based on the facts mainly from the Anglosaxon literature, and tries to explain the origin of prejudice. There is a description of factors which can be the cause for these crimes to occur. The author highlights the importance of preventing bias motivated crime. The article ends with some propositions about how to fight hate crimes.

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3

Pintarič, Miha. "Hate Speech and French Mediaeval Literature." Acta Neophilologica 51, no. 1-2 (November 21, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.51.1-2.63-70.

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Hate speech is spoken or written word which expresses a hostile attitude of a dominating majority towards any kind of minority. The author analyses a few examples of hate speech in literary history and concludes that such a phenomenon is typical of The Song of Roland, whether uttered in a direct way or spoken between the lines. One will expect hate speech in epic and heroic poetry, less in the Troubadour poetry. Yet we come across this awkward characteristic even in their love poetry. To be quite clear, in the poetry of Bernart de Ventadorn. The last part of the article is about the courtly romance. The author concludes that hate speech can only be controlled by love, not any, but the love that makes one a better person, and which the Troubadours called fin’amors.

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4

Mohiyaddeen and Dr. Shifaulla Siddiqui. "Automatic Hate Speech Detection: A Literature Review." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.17.

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Hate speech has been an ongoing problem on the Internet for many years. Besides, social media, especially Facebook, and Twitter have given it a global stage where those hate speeches can spread far more rapidly. Every social media platform needs to implement an effective hate speech detection system to remove offensive content in real-time. There are various approaches to identify hate speech, such as Rule-Based, Machine Learning based, deep learning based and Hybrid approach. Since this is a review paper, we explained the valuable works of various authors who have invested their valuable time in studying to identifying hate speech using various approaches.

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5

Dean-Ruzicka, Rachel. "Combating Hate Through Young Adult Literature." Journal of Hate Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.33972/jhs.119.

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6

Finney, Nikky. "Hate." Callaloo 24, no. 1 (2001): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0024.

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7

Perry, Barbara, Davut Akca, Fatih Karakus, and Mehmet Fatih Bastug. "Planting Hate Speech to Harvest Hatred: How Does Political Hate Speech Fuel Hate Crimes in Turkey?" International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 4 (June 24, 2020): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i4.1514.

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Hate crimes against dissident groups are on the rise in Turkey, and political hate speech might have a triggering effect on this trend. In this study, the relationship between political hate speech against the Gulen Movement and the hate crimes perpetrated by ordinary people was examined through semi-structured interviews and surveys with victims. The findings suggest that a rise in political hate rhetoric targeting a given group might result in a corresponding rise in hate crimes committed against them, the effects of which have been largely overlooked in the current literature in the evolving Turkish context.

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8

Blazak, Randy. "The prison hate machine." Criminology & Public Policy 8, no. 3 (August 2009): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00579.x.

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9

Julius, Anthony. "Hate speech - a memoir." Critical Quarterly 43, no. 4 (December 2001): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00384.

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10

Dasbach, Julia Kolchinsky. "I hate you for it." Minnesota review 2019, no. 92 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-7328968.

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11

Wilson, Richard. "Shakespeare in Hate." Poetica 36, no. 1-2 (June 27, 2004): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890530-0360102005.

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12

van Doorn, Janne. "Anger, Feelings of Revenge, and Hate." Emotion Review 10, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073918783260.

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In the current comment, I discuss what is unique about hate in relation to anger and feelings of revenge. It seems that hate can be distinguished from the related emotions anger and feelings of revenge by a difference in focus: Anger focuses on changing/restoring the unjust situation caused by another person, feelings of revenge focus on restoring the self, and hatred focuses on eliminating the hated person/ group. Though grounded in existing literature, future research is needed to empirically confirm the unique characteristics of these three emotions.

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13

de Felice, Giulio, and Nihal Tutal. "Violence and Capacity to Hate." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040573.

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This paper analyses two opposite relational configurations: violence and the capacity to hate. The former results in a psychic impoverishment, the latter in a psychic development. Primarily, the aspects of violence and the inability to hate within modern Western society are introduced. When a psychic fragility is unconsciously supported by an entire society, it becomes even more difficult to alleviate, and transform into a resource promoting psychic development. The second section explores the use of hate by young children in order to show the naturalness of this emotion and its origin. In the third and fourth sections, the unfortunate outcomes of the incapacity to hate, leading to violent antisocial conduct, are explored. To do so, the pioneering contributions by Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott are commented on, followed by modern contributions by the literature: one of our articles published in 2020, and the review of the literature published by Alessandro Orsini on the topic of radicalisation. Finally, the differences between violence and the capacity to hate are highlighted and summarised. The article also emphasises numerous bibliographic references to further deepen the study on violence from a psycho-social perspective.

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14

Rudy Salim, Calvin Erico, and Derwin Suhartono. "A Systematic Literature Review of Different Machine Learning Methods on Hate Speech Detection." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.4.476.

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Hate speech is one of the most challenging problem internet is facing today. This systematic literature review examine hate speech detection problem and will be used to do an experimental approach on detecting hate speech and abusive language. This work also provide an overview of previous research, including methods, algorithms, and main features used. We use two research questions in this literature review which will be the foundation of the next experimental research. Correctly classifying a piece of text as an actual hate speech requires a lot of correctly labelled data. Most common challenges are different languages, out of vocabulary words, long range dependencies and many more.

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15

Chaplin, Eddie, and Samyukta Mukhopadhyay. "Autism spectrum disorder and hate crime." Advances in Autism 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-08-2017-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of hate crime relating to people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach This is a discussion outlining some of the key evidence relating to ASD and hate crime. Findings For too long the issue of hate crime and autism has been neglected in spite of significant numbers of people with ASDs experiencing hate crime and/or harassment on a regular basis. Originality/value Although people with ASD are thought to be subject to high rates of hate crimes the literature is sparse when compared to other strands of hate crime such as race or religion.

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16

Bryson, Douglas, and Glyn Atwal. "Brand hate: the case of Starbucks in France." British Food Journal 121, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2018-0194.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use the concept of brand hate as part of an exploratory study in order to investigate the antecedents and consequences of extreme negative affect within the food category. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed a mixed research design. A short survey of 324 French business school students identified Starbucks as the most hated food brand (measured in terms of frequency of mentions). In total, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who had identified Starbucks as a hated brand. Findings The research study found that not all consumers feel brand hate at the same level and so-called haters expressed differing severity of hate towards Starbucks, i.e. cold, warm and hot brand hate. Findings revealed that the antecedents of extreme negative affect are to a certain extent dependent on the intensity of brand hate. Consumer reactions were discussed in terms of attachment–aversion relationships which were categorised according to soft and hard brand hate. Research limitations/implications Future research is required to broaden the conceptual scope of brand hate as a construct and apply it in other domains of research, as well as further clarify antecedents and potential outcomes. The authors accept that the study is limited and specific to Starbucks in France. Further research should therefore broaden the scope of context in which brand hate occurs, for example, expanding the geographical scope of the work to other countries and to other food- and drink-related brands. The authors also accept that the study reflects a relatively homogeneous sample and is thus not representative of the general population. Practical implications Brand managers need to recognise the risk that brand hate will not only distance former customers, but also spread to existing and future customers. Food brand executives need to therefore consider approaches to address the causes and effects of brand hate. Originality/value Brand hate within the literature is a very recent phenomenon and studies remain rare. The rise of the so-called activist consumer is an emerging phenomenon within the food sector. The discussion of brand hate within a food context represents a new avenue of research.

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17

Brown, Alexander. "What is so special about online (as compared to offline) hate speech?" Ethnicities 18, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817709846.

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There is a growing body of literature on whether or not online hate speech, or cyberhate, might be special compared to offline hate speech. This article aims to both critique and augment that literature by emphasising a distinctive feature of the Internet and of cyberhate that, unlike other features, such as ease of access, size of audience, and anonymity, is often overlooked: namely, instantaneousness. This article also asks whether there is anything special about online (as compared to offline) hate speech that might warrant governments and intergovernmental organisations contracting out, so to speak, the responsibility for tackling online hate speech to the very Internet companies which provide the websites and services that hate speakers utilise.

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18

Levao, R. ""They Hate Us Youth": Byron's Falstaff." Literary Imagination 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imp010.

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19

Mills, Colleen E., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak. "Extreme Hatred: Revisiting the Hate Crime and Terrorism Relationship to Determine Whether They Are “Close Cousins” or “Distant Relatives”." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 10 (December 21, 2015): 1191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715620626.

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Existing literature demonstrates disagreement over the relationship between hate crime and terrorism with some calling them “close cousins,” whereas others declare them “distant relatives.” We extend previous research by capturing a middle ground between hate crime and terrorism: extremist hate crime. We conduct negative binomial regressions to examine hate crime by non-extremists, fatal hate crime by far-rightists, and terrorism in U.S. counties (1992-2012). Results show that counties experiencing increases in general hate crime, far-right hate crime, and non-right-wing terrorism see associated increases in far-right hate crime, far-right terrorism, and far-right hate crime, respectively. We conclude that hate crime and terrorism may be more akin to close cousins than distant relatives.

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20

Özarslan, Yrd Doç Dr Zeynep. "Introducing Two New Terms into the Literature of Hate Speech: “Hate Discourse” and “Hate Speech Act” Application of “speech act theory” into hate speech studies in the era of Web 2.0." Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, no. 20 (June 1, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.47917.

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21

Amalia Isnaini, Amir Mahmud, and Saifullah. "WARNING DAN KONSEKWENSI HATE SPEECH DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Tafsir Tematik Ayat-Ayat “Hate Speech”)." Multicultural Islamic Education 7, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/ims.v7i1.4889.

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Hate speech becomes an unrest in society as a nation and state. This is due to concerns that hate speech could disrupt the harmony of society which has been running well. Hate speech seems to be increasingly finding an effective place to be carried out when social media is starting to be widely owned by people in Indonesia. In this way, hate speech becomes even more disturbing. This type of research is qualitative with data collection techniques using a library research approach. The data collection process was carried out by reading related literature, in the form of journals, books, articles and of course the Al-Qur'an as the main source in discussing hate speech and the hadith of the Prophet as a reinforcement of the Al-Qur'an. The results of this research indicate that hate speech has received strong criticism in the Al-Qur'an. In fact, the Al-Qur'an gives a cruel picture of people who tend to carry out hate speech and threaten painful torture. The consequences of hate speech are also mentioned a lot in the Al-Qur'an in the form of mentioning certain groups that were destroyed due to the violence (hate speech) carried out by their people.

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22

Lea, Sydney. "Reasons to Hate Poetry." Hudson Review 50, no. 3 (1997): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3853179.

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23

Johnson, Mat. "Why I Hate Alaska." Callaloo 28, no. 2 (2005): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2005.0047.

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24

Conley, Tom. "A Web of Hate." South Central Review 17, no. 3 (2000): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3190095.

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25

Paz, María Antonia, Julio Montero-Díaz, and Alicia Moreno-Delgado. "Hate Speech: A Systematized Review." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402097302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020973022.

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This review focuses on papers on Hate Speech, particularly in legal and communication studies indexed in Web of Science. It analyzes output published in English and in Spanish as well as surveys the predominant disciplines in which these studies are written, their trend over time, by country, and type of document. This research is extended to determine the debates, lines of work of greatest interest, and the theories elaborated. The legal literature is intended to define hate speech and hate crime for the purposes of applying criminal sanctions. From the communication standpoint, the analysis of hate speech in the media is key to understanding the type of message used, its emitter, the way in which the message rallies supporters, and how they interpret the message. Spanish studies mostly fall within the legal area, in which they focus on cases of insult directed at the Catholic religion. We discuss the importance of interdisciplinarity and transversality and propose a mapping of hate speech that lends itself to comparisons between countries to assess measures to counteract their effects.

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Mawby, Rob C., and Irene Zempi. "Police officers’ experiences as victims of hate crime." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 526–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2016-0176.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to fill a research and literature gap by examining the nature and impact of hate crime victimisation on police officers, and their responses to it. The research explores victimisation due to the occupational stigma of policing and the personal characteristics and identities of individual officers.Design/methodology/approachThe research design is qualitative, based on 20 in-depth interviews with police officers in one English police force. Thematic analysis was applied to the data.FindingsAll participants had experienced hate crime arising from their occupational or personal identities. Initially shocked, officers became desensitized and responded in different ways. These include tolerating and accepting hate crime but also challenging it through communication and the force of law.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on a small sample. It does not claim to be representative but it is exploratory, aiming to stimulate debate and further research on a contemporary policing issue.Practical implicationsIf further research works were to confirm these findings, there are implications for police training, officer welfare and support, supervision and leadership.Originality/valueThe police occupy a problematic position within hate crime literature and UK legislation. This paper opens up debate on an under-researched area and presents the first published study of the hate crime experiences of police officers.

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27

Adam, Alfred Mac. "Where There's Love, There's Hate." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2014.890400.

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28

Kerr, Henry, Michèle St-Amant, and John McCoy. "Break the Hate: A Survey of Youth Experiences with Hate and Violent Extremism Online." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2024): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy30069.

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As the most prolific users of the Internet, youth are exposed to a diverse array of harmful content and experiences, including cyberbullying and sexual exploitation. What is less well understood is the impact of hate and violent extremism on youth in these online spaces. This study surveyed over 800 youth from Alberta, Canada, to identify where they most frequently encountered hateful and extremist content online, how they react to it, and what they believed were the most appropriate responses to these problems. This study adds to a growing literature which takes youth perspectives seriously in the study of this problem. Our study found that more than three-quarters of youth surveyed reported encountering hateful content, while more than two-thirds reported encountering extremist content. Our findings add to a growing debate on the relationship between identity factors and exposure. While our results indicate respondents who identify as female are more likely to report encountering extremist and hateful content than males, intersectionality factors shed new light on the patterns of online exposure among youth. Specifically, we found that the effect of gender is mediated by other identity factors, like being a visible minority or identifying as 2SLGBTQ+.

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29

Ryland, Helen. "Could you hate a robot? And does it matter if you could?" AI & SOCIETY 36, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01173-5.

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AbstractThis article defends two claims. First, humans could be in relationships characterised by hate with some robots. Second, it matters that humans could hate robots, as this hate could wrong the robots (by leaving them at risk of mistreatment, exploitation, etc.). In defending this second claim, I will thus be accepting that morally considerable robots either currently exist, or will exist in the near future, and so it can matter (morally speaking) how we treat these robots. The arguments presented in this article make an important original contribution to the robo-philosophy literature, and particularly the literature on human–robot relationships (which typically only consider positive relationship types, e.g., love, friendship, etc.). Additionally, as explained at the end of the article, my discussions of robot hate could also have notable consequences for the emerging robot rights movement. Specifically, I argue that understanding human–robot relationships characterised by hate could actually help theorists argue for the rights of robots.

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Crowe, Chris. "Young Adult Literature: Rescuing Reluctant Readers." English Journal 88, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej1999453.

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Discusses the attitudes and issues of reluctant readers by describing the author’s son Jonathan, an intelligent young man who came to hate reading. Offers advice for teachers from Jonathan regarding how they can help students enjoy reading more. Presents annotations of 11 new or overlooked young adult books worth reading.

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Kucuk, S. Umit. "Macro-level antecedents of consumer brand hate." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2017-2389.

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Purpose This study aims to discuss the antecedent roles that corporate social responsibility and consumer complaints perform in consumer brand hate and anti-branding activities. Design/methodology/approach The reasons for the existence of anti-brand websites and how they operate in dynamically changing digital platforms are discussed with a literature review and data analysis. Findings The findings of this study reveal that there is a direct link between consumer dissatisfaction and brand hate, and that there is a partially mediating impact by customer dissatisfaction and corporate social responsibility on consumer brand hate. Originality/value This study is the first-of-its-kind investigation of the relationships that might exist among corporate social responsibility, consumer complaints and dissatisfaction, consumer anti-branding and brand hate with macro-level indicators. The study is the first of its kind to test macro-level brand hate measures with a set of longitudinal analyses.

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Rai, Ashutosh, Udit Chawla, and Subrata Chattopadhyay. "Brand Hatred: a Literature Review and Research Agenda." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): e01304. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i3.1304.

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Purpose: The objective of this paper was to study the past research in the field of brand hatred and propose a research agenda for the future. Theoretical framework: Theories and research on brand hatred been studied. Duplex theory of hate, brand hate as multidimensional construct, determinants of brand hate, self-congruity theory been studied. Brand hatred due to negative past experience, self-image been studied and there is much to investigate and learn. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review is the foundation of research development and extending depth of knowledge Webster and Watson (2002).We began by looking for research articles that contribute critical knowledge and concepts in brand hatred. We have focused on what, where, why, and How to have a better review (Callahan, 2014). Findings: Brand managers must be proactive to reduce the brand hatred and retain the customer. Brand hatred happens due to several reasons and brands may lose customers and its business if it does not take action against brand hatred. Future research should be done into how to convert brand hatred into brand love. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the areas and points that should be taken care for the mitigation of the brand hatred. Originality/value: The results indicate that the brand hatred phenomenon is very critical for brands. Academicians are showing interest in brand hatred research and number of publication works are increasing in field of brand hatred.

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Wasilewski, Krzysztof. "Hate speech and identity politics. An intercultural communication perspective." Przegląd europejski 3 (November 19, 2019): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5848.

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Hate speech has become a key element of contemporary political discourse. It has also changed the very structure of communication. With the access to public sphere provided by social media, hate speech engages people in connective action, which allows it to construct and deconstruct collective identity. By doing this, hate speech undermines the idea of multicultural society. In order to succeed, such a society needs to engage its members in inclusive intercultural dialogue while hate speech strongly excludes all dissident voices, deepening political polarisation. This article presents an extensive analysis of hate speech from the perspective of intercultural communication. Drawing from available research and literature, the author puts forward the thesis that hate speech is a communicative phenomenon that not only disrupts intercultural dialogue, but also leads to the disintegration of multicultural society.

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Moy, Tian Xiang, Mafas Raheem, and Rajasvaran Logeswaran. "Hate Speech Detection in English and Non-English Languages: A Review of Techniques and Challenges." Webology 18, SI05 (October 30, 2021): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si05/web18272.

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The exponential growth of social media has spurred an increase in the propagation of hate nowadays. Recent evidence shows that hate speech on social media is detrimental to the mental and physical health of individuals. Thus, there is an emerging need for automated hate speech detection. Automated hate speech detection rests on the intersection between Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and machine learning models. An introduction of NLP and its utilities, as well as commonly employed features and classification methods in hate speech detection, are discussed. Hate speech detection in non-English languages is needed to tackle this emergent issue in countries where multiple languages are used. Hence, an overview of the current literature on hate speech detection in non-English languages are covered too. Challenges in the field of hate speech detection are explored and the importance of standardized methodologies for building corpora and data sets are emphasized.

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35

Brown, P. "The Metastasis of Economic Hate." South Atlantic Quarterly 112, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2345288.

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36

Kostuch, Lucyna. "Fear, disgust, hate: negative emotions evoked by animals in ancient literature." History of Psychiatry 33, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x211064954.

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Ancient literature contains thoughts, observations and opinions about animals causing fear, disgust or hate that can be of great interest to scientists researching the problem of phobias, fears and anxieties in history. So in this article, it is argued that we can go as far back as ancient times in the research on the history of animal phobias (or, speaking more generally, in research on the entire spectrum of negative emotions evoked by animals in individuals or in entire social groups or societies). In that period, the phenomenon was observed and described in an anecdotal form, and attempts to establish the causes of this phenomenon were undertaken. This article discusses these early ideas about phobias, fears and anxieties related to animals.

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Pratiwi, Vega Lidya. "PERAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM PADA PENEGAKAN HUKUM PELAKU UJARAN KEBENCIAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL: SEBUAH LITERATURE REVIEW." AKSELERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional 5, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jin.v5i1.675.

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This literature review study is motivated by an empirical phenomenon that describes the existence of social media universally which is increasingly influential on human life in accessing news or information raised on social media. So that it can be ensured the creation of freedom of opinion in conveying aspirations which certainly shapes various public perceptions. In addition to the positive side received, it is undeniable that the negative side of social media must also exist, such as hate speech that is intended to insult, demean, make victims feel sick. This problem certainly cannot be ignored because it can affect a person's mental problems. The implications of these actions certainly have an impact on the emergence of physical injuries, mental, social, spiritual disorders and often even cause death. This literature is shown to theoretically analyze the role of legal sociology in law enforcement of perpetrators of hate speech on social media. The literature review method was carried out on five articles obtained from several internet databases. Keywords for article search are "sociology of law" and "hate speech". The result of this literature review is evidence of the role of legal sociology in law enforcement of hate speech perpetrators on social media.

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Culpeper, Jonathan, Paul Iganski, and Abe Sweiry. "Linguistic impoliteness and religiously aggravated hate crime in England and Wales." Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlac.5.1.01cul.

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Abstract Despite its centrality to religiously aggravated hate crime recorded in England and Wales, the nature of the language used has been neglected in research. This paper, based on a unique dataset, aims to rectify this. It takes its approach from the field of linguistic impoliteness, a field that has yet to consider hate crime. Therein lies our second aim: To consider whether impoliteness notions can be usefully extended to the language of hate crime. In our data, we examine, in particular, conventionalized impoliteness formulae, insults, threats, incitement and taboo words. Whilst we reveal some linguistic support for the way religiously aggravated hate crime is framed in the law and discussed in the legal literature, we highlight areas of neglect and potential ambiguity. Regarding impoliteness, we demonstrate its effectiveness as an approach to these data, but we also highlight areas of neglect in that literature too, notably, non-conditional threats and incitement.

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Mutanga, Raymond Tapiwa, Oludayo Olugbara, and Nalindren Naicker. "Bibliometric Analysis of Deep Learning for Social Media Hate Speech Detection." Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 3 (September 11, 2023): 1154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v5i3.549.

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Social media has become an important web technology for creating and sharing information plus enhancing business reputations worldwide. However, the anonymity accorded by social media platforms has been cryptically vituperated to spread horrendous content such as hate speech. Recently, researchers have been progressively gravitating towards the use of deep learning techniques to address the problem of social media hate speech detection. This study provides bibliometric analysis and mapping of the existing literature on hate speech detection using deep learning algorithms. The study used articles published between 2016 and 2022 from the Scopus database, while Vos Viewer, Biblioshiny, and Panda’s software tools were employed for the bibliometric analysis. The research explored the yearly trajectory of recent publications, dominant countries, collaborative institutions, sources of primary studies that have employed deep learning for hate speech detection, and the intellectual and social structures of the research constituents. It has been observed that the literature on hate speech detection is rapidly growing, but research output and collaborations from the developing countries of the world are still limited. The findings of this study provide insights into the intellectual structure and advancements in deep learning applications for hate speech detection while identifying research gaps for future work.

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Craig, Kellina M. "Examining hate-motivated aggression: a review of the social psychological literature on hate crimes as a distinct form of aggression." Aggression and Violent Behavior 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(00)00039-2.

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Ștefăniță, Oana, and Diana-Maria Buf. "Hate Speech in Social Media and Its Effects on the LGBT Community: A Review of the Current Research." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 23, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2021.1.322.

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Hate speech on social media is a real problem with real consequences. Despite the constant efforts of social media platforms to moderate, flag, and ban hate posts, there is still a vast amount of hateful content flooding them. Hate speech, in general, and offensive material online, in particular, are not easy to define and may include a wide spectre of expression. To thoroughly account for the nature and intensity of the effects of hate speech in social media requires to distinguish between various shades of hate speech targeting different groups and their subsequent effects. This paper seeks to review the literature on the psychological effects of online hate speech on the LGBT community and to highlight the strong negative impact of this phenomenon. The paper aims to contribute to the field by examining the propagation and the effects of derogatory language and hate speech based on sexual orientation.

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Wiedlitzka, Susann, Lorraine Mazerolle, Suzanna Fay-Ramirez, and Toby Miles-Johnson. "Perceptions of Police Legitimacy and Citizen Decisions to Report Hate Crime Incidents in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i2.489.

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This article examines the importance of perceptions of police legitimacy in the decision to report hate crime incidents in Australia. It addresses an identified gap in the literature by analysing the 2011-2012 National Security and Preparedness Survey (NSPS) results to not only explore differences between hate crime and non-hate crime reporting but also how individual characteristics and perceptions of legitimacy influence decisions about reporting crime to police. Using the NSPS survey data, we created three Generalised Linear Latent and Mixed Models (Gllamm), which explore the influence of individual characteristics and potential barriers on the decision to report crime/hate crime incidents to police. Our results suggest that hate crimes are less likely to be reported to police in comparison to non-hate crime incidents, and that more positive perceptions of police legitimacy and police cooperation are associated with the victim’s decision to report hate crime victimisation.

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Ali, Shahzad, Mubashrah Jamil, and Allay Haider Urooj. "In Circulation of Hatred Speeches in Educational Institutes: A Review from the Literature about the Role of Social Media." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.166.

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Hate is a negative emotional phenomenon whose characteristics are anger, contempt or disgust. This emotional attitude sometimes leads towards revenge in the form of criminal act. This situation may challenge the school administrators to keep teaching-learning process smooth and effective. Hate speeches on social media is a common exercise among all age group people. Educational institutes are also under attack due to these practices. Students are permanently and continuously connected on social media. They are less prepared and trained to deal with online hate speeches. This qualitative study has focused this issue and derived results from literature. Racism, homophobia, religious biasedness, trans-phobia and sexual harassment are common social media generated problems in educational institutes which are types of online hate speech. It is therefore, suggested at the end of this study that students must be trained and taught about gender violence and discrimination; raise awareness about the importance and positive usage of media and digital based information.

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Iversen, Stefan. "“At blinke for Kniven”." Passage - Tidsskrift for litteratur og kritik 36, no. 86 (February 14, 2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pas.v36i86.130758.

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Reading Jensen’s The Fall of the King, this essay pursues the idea that the novel’s descriptions of hate, hate speech and idiosyncrasies not only serve as insights into troubled subjectivities and dehumanizing social logics but that they are crucial elements of the particular aesthetic practices that have helped turn the novel into a key document in Danish literary history. Drawing on recent theoretical work on the relationships between hate, hate-speech and literature, the article argues that the novel owes much of its shocking and undecidable qualities, its ability to make its reader flinch at the knife, to its engagement with the rhetoric and phenomenology of hate.

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Hoppenstand, Gary. "Editorial: Jon and Kate I Hate." Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 1 (February 2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00727.x.

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KIM, Jiyoung. "Toward the Translation Zone of Solidarity and Hospitality Beyond Hate：On the Reception of “K-Literature” in Japan." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2023.17.1.251.

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The 2010s in Japan saw a boom in “hate books” inciting hatred toward Korea and China, along with the spread of hate speech against diverse minority groups and socially vulnerable people. Discrimination and oppression against women and minorities had emerged globally as a serious social issue during this period, as symbolized by the #MeToo movement and the BLM movement. This paper examines the meaning and potential of translation literature against this backdrop of an age of hatred. Since the Japanese translation of Cho Nam-ju’s novel <i>Kim Jiyoung, Born</i> 1982 became a bestseller in 2019, there has been a surge in the translation of Korean literature in Japan, known as the “K-literature” boom. Feminism is an important keyword in the active reception of Korean literature, and translation has mediated women’s solidarity against misogyny. Recently, Japanese readers have gained a great familiarity through magazines and translations with contemporary Korean feminist science fiction, a prominent feature of which is its subversive imagination that seeks symbiotic relationships between women, minorities, and non-human beings. It remains to be seen whether translation literature can build solidarity and hospitality among diverse Others transcending hate.

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Lieb, Michael. ""Hate in Heav'n": Milton and the Odium Dei." ELH 53, no. 3 (1986): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2873038.

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Alhazmi, Ali, Rohana Mahmud, Norisma Idris, Mohamed Elhag Mohamed Abo, and Christopher Eke. "A systematic literature review of hate speech identification on Arabic Twitter data: research challenges and future directions." PeerJ Computer Science 10 (April 2, 2024): e1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1966.

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The automatic speech identification in Arabic tweets has generated substantial attention among academics in the fields of text mining and natural language processing (NLP). The quantity of studies done on this subject has experienced significant growth. This study aims to provide an overview of this field by conducting a systematic review of literature that focuses on automatic hate speech identification, particularly in the Arabic language. The goal is to examine the research trends in Arabic hate speech identification and offer guidance to researchers by highlighting the most significant studies published between 2018 and 2023. This systematic study addresses five specific research questions concerning the types of the Arabic language used, hate speech categories, classification techniques, feature engineering techniques, performance metrics, validation methods, existing challenges faced by researchers, and potential future research directions. Through a comprehensive search across nine academic databases, 24 studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria and quality assessment were identified. The review findings revealed the existence of many Arabic linguistic varieties used in hate speech on Twitter, with modern standard Arabic (MSA) being the most prominent. In identification techniques, machine learning categories are the most used technique for Arabic hate speech identification. The result also shows different feature engineering techniques used and indicates that N-gram and CBOW are the most used techniques. F1-score, precision, recall, and accuracy were also identified as the most used performance metric. The review also shows that the most used validation method is the train/test split method. Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as valuable guidance for researchers in enhancing the efficacy of their models in future investigations. Besides, algorithm development, policy rule regulation, community management, and legal and ethical consideration are other real-world applications that can be reaped from this research.

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Barlian, Yelly Andriani, and Pikir Wisnu Wijayanto. "ANALYZING 'HATE SPEECH PHENOMENON' RESEARCH IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." English Review: Journal of English Education 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i1.5371.

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This study aims to analyze some hate speech phenomenon reviews in Indonesia. It compares how these two reviews are carried out to indicate how each source contributes and integrates the topic. The research uses a qualitative method with a systematic review. They were analyzed using a literature review matrix with the abstract data, such as author, years published, topic, and effects and findings. The PRISMA checklist (reporting guide for systematic review) is also applied to validate the observed systemic review. The research findings demonstrate that the clarity and transparency of the observed literature reviews need to be improved.

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Sokołowski, Marek. "Obcy (nadal?) w domu. Internetowe wpisy Magdaleny Ogórek i Rafała Ziemkiewicza przykładem mowy nienawiści i strategii wykluczania." Edukacja Międzykulturowa 20, no. 1 (2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/em.2023.01.08.

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This article is devoted to the issue of the hate speech in Polish public discourse. One of the ways to become aware of the negative nature of hate speech can be intercultural education. In 2018, the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw organized an exhibition “Strangers at Home”, dedicated to the events of March ’68. In addition to the memorabilia related to Jewish-rooted people’s leaving Poland, there were also records of contemporary hate and hate speech, juxtaposed with some examples from 1968. Among them, there were the entries of journalists Magdalena Ogórek and Rafał Ziemkiewicz, which have the character of contemporary anti-Semitism.

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