Journal articles: 'Hate mail'

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Aroian, Karen J. "Hate mail and cultural diversity." Journal of Professional Nursing 20, no. 2 (March 2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2004.02.010.

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Bonetta, Laura. "Hate-mail author trapped by DNA." Nature Medicine 6, no. 4 (April 2000): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/74596.

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Birmingham, Karen. "No dismissal for hate-mail author." Nature Medicine 6, no. 6 (June 2000): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/76146.

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Malone, R. E. "Hate mail, tobacco control and social change." Tobacco Control 20, no. 2 (February 22, 2011): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2011.043125.

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Cutler, W. Gale. "The Human Side: You've Got Hate Mail!" Research-Technology Management 42, no. 6 (November 1999): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1999.11671319.

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Tedford, Ellen. "Hate mail: how reactive microglia spread aggregated α-synuclein." Brain 144, no. 7 (May 19, 2021): 1936–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab198.

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Särmä, Saara. "Underbelly: Making online hate visible." New Perspectives 28, no. 1 (March 2020): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x20906316.

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Visual art forms are effective in making previously unseen issues and experiences visible. Here I present an installation called Underbelly and reflect on the phenomena it makes visible, namely hate mail and online misogyny. I argue that these silencing tactics should be taken seriously as questions of everyday security because they can prevent academics from doing our job, particularly as scholar-publicists.

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Cloud, Dana L. "Foiling the Intellectuals: Gender, Identity Framing, and the Rhetoric of the Kill in Conservative Hate Mail." Communication, Culture & Critique 2, no. 4 (December 2009): 457–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2009.01048.x.

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Alam, Iftikhar, Roshan Lal Raina, and Faizia Siddiqui. "Free vs hate speech on social media: the Indian perspective." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 14, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-06-2015-0016.

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Purpose The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, in a landmark judgment, scrapped a draconian law [Section 66 (A)] that gave the police absolute power to put behind bars anybody who was found posting offensive or annoying comments online. This paper aims to examine the take of people on the “Free Speech via Social Media” issue and their attitude towards the way sensitive messages/information are posted, shared and forwarded on social media, especially, Facebook. Design/methodology/approach The research was carried out on a sample of 200 social media users, all picked up randomly, from five Indian states/Union Territories. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and users were contacted through e-mail. Data collected were analyzed through the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) Z test. Findings The findings indicate that hate posts/messages are on the rise, and more and more users are joining in. Besides, prosecution happens only when the aggrieved party is influential or powerful. Practical implications The findings of this research give a strong insight into the social media behaviour of users in relation to hate contents/posts. The study establishes the fact that Indian people are in favour of free speech, but with a sense of restraint and responsibility. The work could form the basis for future research on various aspects of hate speech on social media. Researchers could study the trials and prosecutions that have happened over the past few years and whether punishment has acted as a deterrent. Originality/value The research is likely to be important for those involved in work on freedom of speech or hate speech through social media. Social networking sites such as Facebook would also get some insights into users’ perception towards free and hate speech mechanism on social media.

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Moddi. "Songs that sting: A Norwegian musician on how hate mail about an Israeli concert sparked an album of censored music." Index on Censorship 45, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422016657035.

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Magnusson, Roger S. "“Underground Euthanasia” and the Harm Minimization Debate." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 3 (2004): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00161.x.

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I have a hairstylist whose lover was very sick. I’d been seeing this stylist for ten years and we’re good friends. [His lover was] becoming an invalid, not able to get out of bed. He said “I hate to ask you this but would you mind writing a prescription to help us out?” [So] I wrote a prescription to a patient who I had never seen, and I sent it to him in the mail and I heard the next time I went in to get my hair cut that it was the most beautiful experience that my stylist had ever had. It was Valentine’s Day and they had a lovely meal with champagne. And they held each other and then, you know, his partner took his pills and was released.(Joseph, physician)

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Subotic, Jelena. "No Escape from Ethnicity? Confessions of an Accidental CNN Pundit." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 01 (January 2010): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510990665.

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AbstractAs a political scientist with expertise in human rights and the Balkans, I was invited to provide critical commentary and analysis of Kosovo's declaration of independence in February 2008 for CNN International. I offered an analysis rooted in the understanding and interpretation of international law, foreign policy, and domestic politics of Serbia and Kosovo. While I was not surprised that my analysis was not popular in Serbia—after all, I did argue that the independence of Kosovo was legitimate—I was surprised at the level of ethnic intensity and the broad-based hostile reaction to my CNN appearance in Serbia. This article first documents the harassment campaign I experienced. I then conduct textual analysis of the hate mail and online postings to offer insights about ethnicity's relation to identity, gender, and political analysis in the public sphere. I conclude by discussing how identities of researchers—as crafted by themselves and others—help define analytical tools we use in scholarly inquiry.

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Taylor, Anthea. "‘Steve is twice the Aussie icon you will ever be’: Germaine Greer, the Crocodile Hunter’s death, and nationalistic misogyny." European Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 5-6 (March 11, 2019): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549418821840.

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In September 2006, Australia’s most iconic feminist, Germaine Greer, wrote a controversial article in response to the death of celebrity wildlife presenter Steve Irwin. In the Guardian piece, entitled ‘That sort of self-delusion is what it takes to be a real Aussie larrikin’, Greer concluded, ‘The animal world has finally taken its revenge on Irwin’. For hundreds of Australian readers, Greer’s public response to the untimely demise of a purported national ‘hero’ represented a symbolic assault not just on the ’Crocodile Hunter’s’ grieving family but on the nation itself. Following the article’s appearance, Greer’s agents – Gillon Aitken Associates, based in the United Kingdom – received copious amounts of hate mail directed towards the controversial celebrity feminist; these emails are contained in the recently acquired Greer archive at the University of Melbourne and provide important insights into affective responses to this polarising figure. Tightly policing the boundaries of what constitutes ‘Australian-ness’ as well as mobilising problematic assumptions about the correct way of publicly doing femininity, these emails call into question Greer’s authority to speak publicly not just about this matter but about any issue at all. In so doing, these emails – which include threats of violence – work to contest the ‘newness’ of the vitriolic, misogynistic hate speech commonly directed towards vocal women in the contemporary mediasphere (especially via platforms such as Twitter). Against the representation of Irwin as model Australian, Greer is dismissed not just as a ‘bad’ woman but as a ‘bad’ citizen. Accordingly, this article considers both the kind of ‘Greer’ and the kind of ‘Irwin’ being discursively constructed in these emails, and how the mutually constitutive discourses of misogyny and nationalism were deployed in these attempts to marginalise and silence Greer and to mourn and celebrate Irwin.

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McVeigh, Rory, Carl Neblett, and Sarah Shafiq. "Explaining Social Movement Outcomes: Multiorganizational Fields and Hate Crime Reporting." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.1.g04l4t208770615h.

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Social movement organizations and nonprofit organizations can affect local communities in numerous ways, some of which are intended and some of which are unintended. Assessing the influence of these organizations is complicated because the effect that an organization has on a community depends in part on the attributes of the community in which it is embedded. This article draws attention to the importance of multiorganizational fields in determining social movement consequences through an analysis of hate crime enforcement and reporting in U.S. counties. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), in combination with more traditional statistical techniques, identifies fifteen configurations of variable attributes that almost always result in reported hate crimes. The analysis shows how measures of civil rights activism, political opportunities, grievances, and multiorganizational fields combine in local settings to produce hate crime reporting with near certainty. Results indicate that the resourcefulness, heterogeneity, and funding sources of the nonprofit sector play a key role in determining whether hate crimes are reported.

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Tripkovic, Milena. "Expansion of hate: Essential features of mass hate crimes." Temida 14, no. 4 (2011): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1104037t.

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The main purpose of the article is to advance the notion of ?mass hate crimes?, a phenomenon that is to be located at the junction of hate crime and mass murder. The construction of such a notion can help us understand the phenomenon more clearly, as it elucidates some of the features of hate crimes that have not been noticed so far or have been overlooked. The main argument being made based on the examination of three such cases in the period 1989-2011, is that mass hate crimes, being at the same time mass murders and hate crimes, are in fact a graver phenomenon than both crimes that comprise it. Though important, such findings may have an even further goal of revisiting and contesting our ideas about hate crimes and the measures we employ to fight them.

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Silva, Joao Carlos Marques, and José Azevedo Pereira. "EDP – Portugal’s main energy producer that everyone loved to hate." CASE Journal 15, no. 6 (March 30, 2019): 545–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-05-2019-0050.

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Research methodology This study has used public sources, interview with one of the case protagonists. Case overview/synopsis This business case portrays the problems that an energy producing company faced in Portugal, in its transition from being a public company to becoming privatized. The Portuguese Government issued EDP with generous subsidies to guarantee its future profits and privatization success, but a few years later, after EDP was fully privatized, there was great political pressure to downsize such subsidies. The case describes the main steps taken by EDP from its creation and privatization, culminating at the end of 2017, where it was heavily criticized by media and political parties due to a high value of subsidies that had been granted to the company by the Portuguese Government in the past, while it was still a public company, and the renegotiation of those same subsidies after it had been privatized. EDP’s President António Mexia was under police investigation due to having led the renegotiation talks in 2007, and it was feared that EDP’s investors could refrain from investing in the company. Should EDP campaign to clear its good name, or would it be better to let the matter fall with the passing of time? Could the share value be affected? Should EDP prepare itself for loss of revenue due to an eventual downsizing of the subsidies? Complexity academic level This study covers energy sector, privatization issues and government support. The relevance of this study is good for use in Business Schools and MBA courses.

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Zagursky, O. M., and B. S. Marchenko. "Main factors that have impact on Ukrainian market of transport services." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 10, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2019.02.049.

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Chemim, Luciana Gabriel, and Anna Carolina Sousa Lopes Carvalho. "Hate Speech versus Liberdade de Expressão." Revista do Curso de Direito do UNIFOR 10, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24862/rcdu.v10i1.1011.

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A Liberdade de expressão é direito constitucional amplamente difundido em nossa cultura e sua conquista foi arduamente batalhada. Não se faz distante os tempos onde a ditadura e a censura tornaram os frutos deste, armas contra seus próprios utilizadores. Hoje, se percebe que tal direito por inúmeras vezes entra em conflito com outros princípios constitucionais. Não havendo hierarquia entre eles é preponderante que se utilize da técnica da ponderação para avaliar caso a caso o que é mais sensato nas referidas situações. O Discurso de Ódio, ou Hate Speech, não é algo novo, porém torna-se cada vez mais atual. É corriqueiro que tais discursos sejam banalizados e diminuídos como simples questões de opiniões, o que se torna perigoso, pois o ódio uma vez disseminado pode atingir patamares incalculáveis, como vários marcos históricos nos apontam. O que a presente pesquisa visa discutir é até que ponto é legítima sua contenção e onde o Discurso de Ódio pode ferir a Liberdade de expressão

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Hegner, Sabrina M., Marc Fetscherin, and Marianne van Delzen. "Determinants and outcomes of brand hate." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-01-2016-1070.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the concept of brand hate. The authors present a taxonomy of the main determinants and outcomes of brand hate and empirically assess our model. Design/methodology/approach A survey design using cross-sectional primary data from 224 German consumers was used. Hypotheses related to determinants and outcomes of brand hate were tested by means of structural equation modelling. Findings Findings show that brand hate is triggered by three determinants (negative past experience, symbolic incongruity, ideological incompatibility) and leads to three behavioral outcomes (brand avoidance, negative word-of mouth, brand retaliation). Originality/value This paper explores and outlines theoretically and empirically the determinants and outcomes of brand hate. It also provides a useful taxonomy of brand hate.

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Siapera, Eugenia, and Paloma Viejo-Otero. "Governing Hate: Facebook and Digital Racism." Television & New Media 22, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476420982232.

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This article is concerned with identifying the ideological and techno-material parameters that inform Facebook’s approach to racism and racist contents. The analysis aims to contribute to studies of digital racism by showing Facebook’s ideological position on racism and identifying its implications. To understand Facebook’s approach to racism, the article deconstructs its governance structures, locating racism as a sub-category of hate speech. The key findings show that Facebook adopts a post-racial, race-blind approach that does not consider history and material differences, while its main focus is on enforcement, data, and efficiency. In making sense of these findings, we argue that Facebook’s content governance turns hate speech from a question of ethics, politics, and justice into a technical and logistical problem. Secondly, it socializes users into developing behaviors/contents that adapt to race-blindness, leading to the circulation of a kind of flexible racism. Finally, it spreads this approach from Silicon Valley to the rest of the world.

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Bonotti, Matteo. "Religion, hate speech and non-domination." Ethnicities 17, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817692626.

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In this paper, I argue that one way of explaining what is wrong with hate speech is by critically assessing what kind of freedom free speech involves and, relatedly, what kind of freedom hate speech undermines. More specifically, I argue that the main arguments for freedom of speech (e.g. from truth, autonomy and democracy) rely on a ‘positive’ conception of freedom intended as autonomy and self-mastery or as collective self-government, and can only partially help us to understand what is wrong with hate speech. In order to fully grasp the wrongness of hate speech and to justify hate speech legislation, I claim, we need to rely instead on the republican idea of freedom as ‘non-domination’. I conclude that the hate speech used by religious citizens, even though it is a manifestation of their religious freedom, should be subject to the same restrictions that apply to other citizens’ hate speech, because republicans should be concerned with the undominated (i.e. robustly secured) religious freedom of all religious citizens and, more generally, with the undominated freedoms of all citizens, including those who are victims of religious hate speech.

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Kim, LyoungKyoung. "A Study for variant forms of “Sinsenjikyo’s main” sound characters." Han-Character and Classical written language Education 37, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 275–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.15670/hace.2015.37.1.275.

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Cuerden, Gareth J., and Brian Blakemore. "Barriers to reporting hate crime: A Welsh perspective." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 93, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x19855113.

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This study gathered 197 participants, interviewed within 48 hours of being victims of Hate Crime. This immediate follow-up should ensure accurate responses. The responses of the victims were compared to that of 113 Welsh front-line staff who respond to and support such victims. The barriers to reporting are found to be broadly similar with the findings of other UK studies. A considerable difference in understanding of the barriers to reporting hate crime was found between the victims and support services. The main reason given for non-reporting was common: the poor service, attitude and treatment from the police.

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Nenova, Kristina. "Hate Speech – What Reduces the Phenomenon in Media." Yearbook of Department Mass Communications 1 (October 7, 2020): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ydmc.19.1.10.

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Hate speech can be used as an instrument preferred to exert political influence upon voters during election campaigns. This article provides two examples to support this assumption – the first one is related to a Kirk and Martin’s study on the way main presidential candidates in the USA ran their campaigns in 2016, while the other assumption is related to the current debate in Bulgaria on the National Child Strategy 2019-2030. The present article focuses upon possibilities to reduce the phenomenon’s influence as well as upon some of the challenges researchers and policy makers face in their attempts to limit it.

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Stoegner, Karin, and Ruth Wodak. "‘The man who hated Britain’ – the discursive construction of ‘national unity’ in theDaily Mail." Critical Discourse Studies 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2015.1103764.

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Silva, Rémi, and Suzanne Amaro. "Antecedentes e Consequências do Brand Hate: Uma revisão da literatura." CBR - Consumer Behavior Review 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2526-7884.2021.249617.

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No Marketing, as emoções sentidas por uma pessoa em relação a uma marca são um aspeto de extrema importância, uma vez que afetam a forma como os consumidores se comportam em relação a uma marca. Em particular, as emoções e experiências negativas tendem a ser mais marcantes e são mais suscetíveis a serem divulgadas aos outros. Desta forma, é pertinente para as marcas estudarem o Brand Hate, ou seja, o ódio à marca. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os antecedentes e as consequências do Brand Hate. Apresenta, ainda, algumas indicações apontadas por autores para as marcas se reconciliarem com os consumidores e prevenirem o Brand Hate. Este estudo é, assim, de grande importância para as marcas atentarem da importância do Brand Hate, nomeadamente das consequências altamente nefastas e como é que ela poderá surgir.

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Park, Sang Wook, Sung Joon Kim, Jeong Woo Shin, Seunggyu Lee, and Tae-Uk Kim. "Structural Analysis and Integrity Verification of Main Wing of HALE UAV." Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 27, no. 4 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2019.27.4.001.

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Gracia, Jennifer. "RIPPLE OF AGONY." K@ta Kita 5, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.5.1.75-81.

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The creative project I had written is a novel that is telling the story of a man named, Arya, who seems to be a good man while actually he has a very dark secret and past. He loves to hunt for girl in cafés and he later will do whatever he needs to do in captivating the girl’s heart. When he gets the girl’s heart and trust, he will do what he wants the most, the main purpose of his hunting which is overpowering the girl. In this story, I choose to write about the life of a serial rapist with the theme of love changes everything. It helps me in realizing my aim for writing this work which is to raise more awareness towards the cases of rape that happen around us. In rape cases, the victim is being sympathized while the criminal is being hated. While actually, the criminal also needs support from his surrounding in order to be a better man in the future. What I am trying to say is that we should hate his act, but not the person. In the story, Arya will see how people hate him even after he serves the fifteen years charges and willing to be a better person. As for the genre, I choose realistic fiction in order to make the story believable since it is written based on the research with the main character created according to the characteristic of serial rapist in real life.

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Gorodnycha, Larysa, Maryna Olkhovyk, and Svitlana Gergul. "LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SLAVIC MEDIA TEXTS CONTAINING HATE SPEECH." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001540.

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The article analyzes hate speech definitions as linguistic and cultural phenomena in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, and describes features of linguistic resources distribution in the texts with the hate speech. The paper deals with the functioning of the concept “hate speech” in the regional media space of Ukraine and Bulgaria. The authors define the causes of the hate speech usage in the media texts and study the hate speech as the source of the modern vocabulary. The article gives deeper understanding of the essence of the concept “hate speech”, more clearly defining its boundaries, reasons for distribution and the main features of the functioning, considering the interdisciplinary approach to its interpretation. The research describes the features of an editor's work on the texts with the hate speech and methods of its neutralization, as well as proven discriminatory manifestation of hate speech in political neologisms as “refugee”, “migrant”, “internally displaced person”. For implementing the goals and objectives of the study, the complex of methods has been used: system approach, monitoring and analysis of the media texts in the regional media, summarizing the results of the analysis.

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Cohen-Almagor, Raphael. "Taking North American White Supremacist Groups Seriously: The Scope and the Challenge of Hate Speech on the Internet." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i2.517.

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This article aims to address two questions: how does hate speech manifest on North American white supremacist websites; and is there a connection between online hate speech and hate crime? Firstly, hate speech is defined and the research methodology upon which the article is based is explained. The ways that ‘hate’ groups utilise the Internet and their purposes in doing so are then analysed, with the content and the functions of their websites as well as their agenda examined. Finally, the article explores the connection between hate speech and hate crime. I argue that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that speech can and does inspire crime. The article is based in the main on primary sources: a study of many ‘hate’ websites; and interviews and discussions with experts in the field.

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Mannucci, P. M. "Miracle of haemophilia drugs: Personal views about a few main players." Haemophilia 24, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hae.13519.

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Ferran, Íngrid Vendrell. "Herabsetzung, Selbstwertgefühl und Hass." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 69, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2021-0034.

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Abstract This paper examines the dynamic of belittlement and self-affirmation that is characteristic of hate. It argues that in hate we respond to a belittlement of our feeling of self-worth with an extreme form of self-affirmation which consists in regarding the other as evil and as deserving of being annihilated. Analyzing the origins and causes of hate, I develop a taxonomy of its main forms and distinguish between retributive, normative, malicious, and ideological hate. I show that all forms of hate aim at increasing our feeling of self-worth. This common aim, however, is not always achieved: while retributive and normative hate can lead to an enhancement of one’s feeling of self-worth, in malicious and ideological hate such enhancement remains illusory and subject to self-deception. Finally, I argue that hate can never be morally justified.

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Temkin, Benny, and Niza Yanay. "‘I Shoot Them with Words’: An Analysis of Political Hate-Letters." British Journal of Political Science 18, no. 4 (October 1988): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005226.

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This article focuses on a peculiar behavioural manifestation of political hatred. Hate-letters received by an Israeli political party are analysed in order to probe the dynamics involved in the communication of political hatred. The act of writing and mailing hostile letters is characterized as a particular form of political participation and interpreted as part of the social struggle over the boundaries and definition of the collective. The text of the letters is examined to uncover the main themes and mechanisms that are involved in the expression of political hatred.

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Yin, Wenjie, and Arkaitz Zubiaga. "Towards generalisable hate speech detection: a review on obstacles and solutions." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (June 17, 2021): e598. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.598.

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Hate speech is one type of harmful online content which directly attacks or promotes hate towards a group or an individual member based on their actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. With online hate speech on the rise, its automatic detection as a natural language processing task is gaining increasing interest. However, it is only recently that it has been shown that existing models generalise poorly to unseen data. This survey paper attempts to summarise how generalisable existing hate speech detection models are and the reasons why hate speech models struggle to generalise, sums up existing attempts at addressing the main obstacles, and then proposes directions of future research to improve generalisation in hate speech detection.

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Koncz, F. A., Zs Bodor, T. Kaszab, I. Kertész, J. L. Z. Zaukuu, Cs Benedek, Z. Gillay, and Z. Kovacs. "Prediction of main analytical and physical parameters of honey with electronic tongue." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering, no. 32 (2017): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17676/hae.2017.32.38.

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Khlopotunov, Y. Y. "Hate speech in American political discourse: functional-linguistic analysis." Professional Discourse & Communication 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2020-2-2-20-30.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze how the concept of hatred is represented in American political discourse. The problem of intensified hate speech requires thorough linguistic investigation as political discourse is becoming more openly conflictual. The empirical material of this study comprises public speeches by American politicians, politically themed analytical articles in the press, posts and statements of politicians in social networks. The main method is that of functional-linguistic analysis of discourse. The author analyzes confrontational communicative tactics, e.g. discrediting, scorn, insult, accusation, mockery, etc. The objects (or victims) of such rhetoric are political opponents of the subject of speech, who may have different points of view, religious beliefs, cultural backgrounds and social status. Hate speech, which is an extreme form of how the concept of hatred can be verbalized, may be directed against confessional and ethnical groups. The paper puts special focus on communicative goals and intentions of the discourse participants who resort to hate speech. Usually it is the desire of the subject of speech to publicly demonstrate disrespect, mock, belittle the authority of opponents and favorably represent oneself in the eyes of the audience. The rhetoric of hatred comprises such typical means as negative and offensive epithets and metaphors; hyperbolic, comparative, rhetorical and lexical constructions with the pragmatical meaning of irony. In situations, when the subjects of speech emphasize the difference between them and their opponents (national, religious, social etc.), the functional fields of the concept of hatred and the “in-group/out-group” concept may overlap. In these cases, the communicative goal of the speaker is to alienate political opponents and emphasize their dissidence in a negative way.

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Alshalan, Raghad, Hend Al-Khalifa, Duaa Alsaeed, Heyam Al-Baity, and Shahad Alshalan. "Detection of Hate Speech in COVID-19–Related Tweets in the Arab Region: Deep Learning and Topic Modeling Approach." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): e22609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22609.

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Background The massive scale of social media platforms requires an automatic solution for detecting hate speech. These automatic solutions will help reduce the need for manual analysis of content. Most previous literature has cast the hate speech detection problem as a supervised text classification task using classical machine learning methods or, more recently, deep learning methods. However, work investigating this problem in Arabic cyberspace is still limited compared to the published work on English text. Objective This study aims to identify hate speech related to the COVID-19 pandemic posted by Twitter users in the Arab region and to discover the main issues discussed in tweets containing hate speech. Methods We used the ArCOV-19 dataset, an ongoing collection of Arabic tweets related to COVID-19, starting from January 27, 2020. Tweets were analyzed for hate speech using a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model; each tweet was given a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most hateful text. We also used nonnegative matrix factorization to discover the main issues and topics discussed in hate tweets. Results The analysis of hate speech in Twitter data in the Arab region identified that the number of non–hate tweets greatly exceeded the number of hate tweets, where the percentage of hate tweets among COVID-19 related tweets was 3.2% (11,743/547,554). The analysis also revealed that the majority of hate tweets (8385/11,743, 71.4%) contained a low level of hate based on the score provided by the CNN. This study identified Saudi Arabia as the Arab country from which the most COVID-19 hate tweets originated during the pandemic. Furthermore, we showed that the largest number of hate tweets appeared during the time period of March 1-30, 2020, representing 51.9% of all hate tweets (6095/11,743). Contrary to what was anticipated, in the Arab region, it was found that the spread of COVID-19–related hate speech on Twitter was weakly related with the dissemination of the pandemic based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.1982, P=.50). The study also identified the commonly discussed topics in hate tweets during the pandemic. Analysis of the 7 extracted topics showed that 6 of the 7 identified topics were related to hate speech against China and Iran. Arab users also discussed topics related to political conflicts in the Arab region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic poses serious public health challenges to nations worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, frequent use of social media can contribute to the spread of hate speech. Hate speech on the web can have a negative impact on society, and hate speech may have a direct correlation with real hate crimes, which increases the threat associated with being targeted by hate speech and abusive language. This study is the first to analyze hate speech in the context of Arabic COVID-19–related tweets in the Arab region.

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Jurczak, Justyna. "Police Competences’ in Preventing, Investigating and Combatting Hate Crimes in Poland — Part 2." Internal Security 10, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4220.

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The article is divided into two main parts. It refers to selected data on hate crimes recorded in Poland and Police effectiveness while preventing, investigating and combatting it. Based on available sources, there is no problem with extremist activity on a large-scale in Poland nowadays, but for sure there is an urgent one with the increasing number of hate-motivated incidents, both with their social impact. Awareness-raising and educational campaigns that aim at prompting respect for human rights and tolerance for diversity are very needed in this matter. Also, law enforcement agencies, including the police, play a key role while tackling racism and bias. Uncontrolled and unpunished manifestation of hate, both with the lack of appropriate and unequivocal state response to such incidents, also quiet, social approval to hate-motivated behaviours, seem to be the main components of extreme movements growing. Thus, the main aim of the article has been to describe the phenomenon of hatemotivated incidents that were reported in Poland within past years and to diagnose Polish police officers’ skills, knowledge and qualification in this field, together with qualitative analyses of accessible training programmes. Selected terms (racism, discrimination, intolerance, xenophobia and hate speech) and symbols (the Celtic Cross, the SS-Totenkopf and the Triskele) that promote hate were defined (part 1) both with police officers’ identification accuracy. Research results presented in this article were gathered by using variety of methods and techniques, both theoretical and empirical (part 2). The data that refers to police competence in the context of preventing, investigating and combatting hate crimes was mainly collected as a part of a doctoral research conducted by the author in 2012–2014.

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Melazzini, F., C. Zaninetti, and C. L. Balduini. "Bleeding is not the main clinical issue in many patients with inherited thrombocytopaenias." Haemophilia 23, no. 5 (June 8, 2017): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hae.13255.

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Jurczak, Justyna. "Police Competences’ in Preventing, Investigating and Combating Hate Crimes in Poland — Part I." Internal Security 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7528.

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The article is divided into two main parts. It refers to selected data on hate crimes recorded in Poland and Police effectiveness regarding preventing, investigating and combating such kinds of crimes. Based on available sources there is no problem with extremist activity in a large-scale in Poland nowadays, but for sure there is an urgent one with the increasing number of hatemotivated incidents, both with its social impact. Awareness-raising and educational campaigns that aim at promoting respect for human rights and tolerance for diversity are much needed in this matter. Also, law enforcement agencies, including Police, play a key role while tackling racism and bias. An uncontrolled and unpunished manifestation of hate, both with the lack of an appropriate and unequivocal state response to such incidents, also quiet, social approval to hate-motivated behaviours, seem to be the main components of extreme movements growing. Thus, the main aim of the article was to describe the phenomenon of hate-motivated incidents that were reported in Poland within the past years and to diagnose Polish police officers’ skills, knowledge and qualification in this field, both qualitative analyses of accessible training programmes. Selected terms (racism, discrimination, intolerance, xenophobia and hate speech) and symbols (the Celtic Cross, the SS-Totenkopf and the Triskele) that promote hate were defined (part 1) both with Police officers’ identification accuracy. Research results presented in this article were gathered by using a variety of methods and techniques, both theoretical and empirical (part 2). The data that refers to Police competence in the context of preventing, investigating and combating hate crimes was mainly collected as a part of a doctoral research conducted by the author in 2012–2014.

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Koryakovtsev, Vyacheslav V., Kseniia V. Pitulko, and Anzhelika A. Sergeeva. "HATE CRIMES, THE HATE SPEECH PHENOMENON, PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RUSSIAN APPROACH TO DETERMINING EXTREMIST ACTIVITY." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(1).106-122.

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The subject of the research is criminal law rules that provide for criminal liability for hate crimes and the judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on hate crimes. The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that a unified approach to the definition of the legal concept of hate speech and the limits of its application is nec-essary. This approach must be based on the legal positions of the European Court of Hu-man Rights The research methodology includes analysis and interpretation of court decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as a dialectical approach to the analysis of vari-ous points of view to the definition of extremist activity. The main results and scope of their application. The relevance of the research proposed for publication is due to the lack of uniform practice of applying the articles of the Russian Criminal Code on so-called "hate crimes" by Russian courts and the presence of signifi-cant contradictions in the positions of the European Court of Human Rights and the state position of the Russian Federation in defining key concepts in this area that are extremely important for criminal procedure and administrative activities. The paper considers scien-tific and practical attempts to define "hate crimes" in the global and regional human rights systems, basic recommendations of the UN on countering such crimes, and offers an interpretation of the term hate speech in relation to the related criminological concept of hate crime. The text provides statistical data describing the level of such crime and the practice of the ECHR in this area, mentions a list of criteria according to which "hate crimes" can be motivated by language differences, gender, sexual orientation and other characteristics, as well as criteria that distinguish hate speech from freedom of expres-sion, and suggests decriminalization of part 1 of article 282 of the Russian Criminal Code. Conclusions. It is necessary to unify the concepts of "hate crimes" (and the practice of their application) in the direction of, in particular, reducing the number of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights against the Russian Federation and increasing the level of legal protection of both the individual citizen of the Russian Federation and freedom of speech and expression.

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Chelle, Pierre, Aurélie Montmartin, Pauline Damien, Michèle Piot, Michel Cournil, Anne Lienhart, Fabienne Genre‐Volot, Hervé Chambost, Claire Morin, and Brigitte Tardy‐Poncet. "Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is the main determinant of thrombin generation in haemophilic patients." Haemophilia 25, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hae.13679.

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Rudy Salim, Calvin Erico, and Derwin Suhartono. "A Systematic Literature Review of Different Machine Learning Methods on Hate Speech Detection." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.4.476.

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Hate speech is one of the most challenging problem internet is facing today. This systematic literature review examine hate speech detection problem and will be used to do an experimental approach on detecting hate speech and abusive language. This work also provide an overview of previous research, including methods, algorithms, and main features used. We use two research questions in this literature review which will be the foundation of the next experimental research. Correctly classifying a piece of text as an actual hate speech requires a lot of correctly labelled data. Most common challenges are different languages, out of vocabulary words, long range dependencies and many more.

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Romanowska, Agnieszka. "“I Hate You, Romeo.” A Heretic Re-writing of Romeo and Juliet." Linguaculture 2017, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lincu-2017-0009.

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Abstract In the nineteen twenties last century a young poet and diplomat from Warsaw, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, was taking part in an international congress of intellectuals in Heidelberg. During his stay in Germany he wrote The Lovers of Verona (the title in Polish reads Kochankowie z Werony), a play that offers a radical reinterpretation of the main message of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Iwaszkiewicz’s vision of the young lovers, who are infected by insurmountable enmity, was determined by his pessimistic views on the nature of love and desire, expressed also in his other plays, prose and poetry. This article discusses the circumstances behind Iwaszkiewicz’s adaptation that shed light on the reasons for this unorthodox re-writing of Shakespeare’s famous tragedy. This is done to highlight the complex interrelations between authorial writing and translation activity which in case of writer-translators are determined by a net of political, social and personal factors.

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Putri Cahyani, Intan. "UNDERSTANDING THE NEW MEDIA LITERACY IN SPREADING HOAXES AND HATE SPEECH." Book Chapters of The 1st Jakarta International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (JICoSSH) 3 (February 3, 2019): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33822/jicossh.v3i0.18.

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The emergence of the internet and social media has changed the ease of interaction and the position of humans where they are no longer just as consumers, but as producers and distributors of messages. Whatsapp as the top three social media platforms that are widely used in Indonesia is one of the most common social media circulating information on hoaxes and hate speeches. With the massive information circulating on social media, new media literacy has a very significant role. Lecturers as professional and well-educated people should be able to understand, analyze, assess, and criticize every information carried by social media. But lately there have been various cases of misuse of social media involving lecturers to the realm of law. This will be a threat because lecturers are professions that are used as role models and key opinion leaders in the society. Therefore, researchers are interested in understanding the experience of new media literacy in the dissemination of information on hoaxes and hate speech among social media lecturers, especially Whatsapp Group. Jenkins's theory of new media literacy is used in this qualitative research with an interpretive constructivism paradigm. The research method uses Edmund Husserl's classical phenomenology which emphasizes the essence of the subject (human consciousness) and its activities. The results show that Whatsapp Group is used as a form of communication and information exchange. Sharing is caring has a strong influence on lecturers to spread all the information that is on Whatsapp Group. The main reason for disseminating information related to perceptions of interests and usefulness of the information, so that sometimes the lecturers unwittingly spread hoaxes and hate speech.

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Sychev, Andrey A., Ekaterina A. Koval, and Natalia V. Zhadunova. "The Issue of Classification of Hate Speech Against Migrants (the Case Study of the Republic of Mordovia)." REGIONOLOGY 26, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 798–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.105.026.201804.798-815.

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Introduction. The performed analysis of coverage of migration issues in electronic media shows that hate speech against migrants is becoming common practice despite the existing regulatory restrictions on its use. This determined the choice of this issue for the research, aimed at studying the causes, forms and contexts of using hate speech against migrants (the case study of the Republic of Mordovia). Materials and Methods. Texts on migration issues published in electronic versions of regional media were used as the materials of the study; discourse analysis was used as the main method. Results. The main reason for using hate speech against migrants has been identified; it is reproduction of negative clichés and stereotypes that contribute to the perception of migrants as a source of economic, health, environmental, personal, social, political threats, etc. The authors have proposed the content and formal criteria for classification of hate speech against migrants. Recommendations on limiting the use of hate speech against migrants in public discourse have been offered. Recommendations of this kind are usually associated with a change in rhetoric at the textual and contextual levels; however the authors consider a change in coverage and perception of migration issues at the metacontextual level to be the most important factor. Discussion and Conclusion. The research materials will be useful in developing migration policies and measures to harmonize social relations in the region. The data obtained can be used by state and municipal authorities, journalists, and representatives of the educational community.

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Kučiš, Vlasta, and Darja Kupinić Gušić. "Hate Speech as Part of Contemporary Public Discourse and Possible Solutions to Support Public Administration: European Parliament Elections in Croatia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.1.197-216(2021).

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This article deals with hate speech in public discourse and the media, emphasizing the importance of detecting it in a timely manner in order to remove it. This falls within the scope of the tasks of public administration according to the EU’s normative framework because language is one of the main ways that discrimination is enacted. To this end, the empirical research was carried out in two parts. The first part identifies and analyzes unacceptable public behavior (hate speech), defining types of occurrence as opposed to insults and slander, and identifying the advantages and disadvantages of using language technologies for timely identification. The second part of the research detects occurrences of hate speech in Croatian offline media using the example of the 2019 European Parliament elections, drawing attention to a number of methodological obstacles preventing timely identification of hate speech. The results of this investigation contribute to understanding the linguistic-discursive construction of offline and online hate speech in multicultural communities. It is hoped that regulatory authorities will use the results of this research to facilitate implementation of the EU normative framework.

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Jokela, V., R. Lassila, T. Szanto, L. Joutsi-Korhonen, E. Armstrong, F. Oyen, S. Schneppenheim, and R. Schneppenheim. "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 10 Finnish patients with von Willebrand disease type 3: discovery of two main mutations." Haemophilia 19, no. 6 (July 9, 2013): e344-e348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hae.12225.

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Syarif, Eddy. "PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP SIKAP DAN PENDAPAT PEMUDA MENGENAI UJARAN KEBENCIAN." Jurnal Common 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 120–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/common.v3i2.2602.

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This research is based on the theory of social assessment, is part of the theory of communication that describes and describes how individuals assess the messages that begin when reading, listening or responding a message done. This research uses quantitative approach done by using survey method, which has focus on attitude effect on hate speech in social media at youth in Condet area, Jakarta The main hypothesis using path analisys test is calculated using SPSS (Statistical Programme Servive Solution) based on spreadsheets from Microsoft Excell. Obtaining data with questionnaire to 212 respondents as sample, through stratified random sampling technique. The research hypothesis was rejected, that there was no direct and indirect influence of hate speech on social media on the attitude and opinion of youth in Condet Jakarta area. The affective aspect relating to one's emotional outlook does not show any influence, nor is the conative aspect of hate speech acts showing no indirect effect in the appearance of influence on hate speech. Youth opinion is not good against hate speech in social media, also has been a change from social media often visited by youth, Facebook (FB), Twitter, YouTube to WhatsApp (WA) and Instagram (IG).

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Poshka, Agim. "Language and Hate Speech Aspects in the Public Sphere Case Study: Republic of Macedonia." SEEU Review 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2018-0009.

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Abstract The issue of hate speech is widely present in the Balkan Peninsula and although it has a serious impact in inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations, it has never been addressed properly by the academia or the judicial systems. This paper aims to outline the main principles that define hate speech from the linguistic and legal perspective. Throughout the paper several international cases of hate speech are cited along with the measures that western European countries take in order to minimize the level of stereotypes and public discrimination. In the second part, the paper brings examples from degrading hate speech cases coming from public figures in Macedonia. In addition, a few comparative cases from the international practice have been cited in order to perceive if an egalitarian society is possible in Macedonia from the aspect of language usage without the hatred constituents by aiming to develop an acceptable public discourse for all.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hate mail'

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