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Shi, Xiayang, and Zhenqiang Yu. "Adding Visual Information to Improve Multimodal Machine Translation for Low-Resource Language." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5483535.
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Machine translation makes it easy for people to communicate across languages. Multimodal machine translation is also one of the important directions of research in machine translation, which uses feature information such as images and audio to assist translation models in obtaining higher quality target languages. However, in the vast majority of current research work has been conducted on the basis of commonly used corpora such as English, French, German, less research has been done on low-resource languages, and this has left the translation of low-resource languages relatively behind. This paper selects the English-Hindi and English-Hausa corpus, researched on low-resource language translation. The different models we use for image feature information extraction are fusion of image features with text information in the text encoding process of translation, using image features to provide additional information, and assisting the translation model for translation. Compared with text-only machine translation, the experimental results show that our method improves 3 BLEU in the English-Hindi dataset and improves 0.47 BLEU in the English-Hausa dataset. In addition, we also analyze the effect of image feature information extracted by different feature extraction models on the translation results. Different models pay different attention to each region of the image, and ResNet model is able to extract more feature information compared to VGG model, which is more effective for translation.
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Brigaglia, Andrea. "Tarbiya and Gnosis in Hausa Islamic Verse: Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir by Muḥammad Balarabe of Shellen (Adamawa, Nigeria)." Die Welt des Islams 58, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 272–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00583p02.
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Abstract This paper contains a transliteration in Latin script, an English translation and an analysis of Al-Ṣābūn al-Muṭahhir (“The Cleansing Soap”), a poem on tarbiya (spiritual training) and ma‘rifa (gnosis) originally written in the Hausa language using Arabic script by Muḥammad Balarabe (d. 1967) of Shellen, in Adamawa, Nigeria. Balarabe was a Sufi of the Tijāniyya order affiliated to the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa of the Senegalese Ibrāhīm Niasse (d. 1975). In style and content, Balarabe’s poem serves as a corrective to some of the observations on Hausa Sufi poetry made by Mervyn Hiskett in his classic 1975 monograph. Drawing attention to the philosophical background of the poem (a dense web of doctrines that integrates Akbarī Sufism and Aš‘arī theology), the paper also suggests that some of the generalizations made by Hiskett in a 1980 article on the Hausa literature produced by the Jamā‘at al-fayḍa are in need of revision.1
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Waliaula, Ken Walibora. "The Afterlife of Oyono's Houseboy in the Swahili Schools Market: To Be or Not to Be Faithful to the Original." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 1 (January 2013): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.178.
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Africa, the world's second-largest continent, speaks over two thousand languages but rarely translates itself. it is no wonder, therefore, that Ferdinand Oyono's francophone African classic Une vie de boy (1956), translated into at least twelve European and Asian languages, exists in only one African translation—that is, if we consider as non-African Oyono's original French and the English, Arabic, and Portuguese into which it was translated. Since 1963, when Obi Wali stated in his essay “The Dead End of African Literature” that African literature in English and French was “a clear contradiction, and a false proposition,” like “Italian literature in Hausa” (14), the question of the language of African literature has animated debate. Two decades later, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o restated Wali's contention, asserting that European languages led to African “spiritual subjugation” (9). Ngũgĩ argued strongly that African literature should be written in African languages. On the other hand, Chinua Achebe defended European languages, maintaining that they could “carry the weight of African experience” (62).
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Leben, William R. "Newman, Paul & Roxana Ma Newman: Hausa Dictionary: Hausa-English English-Hausa, Ƙamusun Hausa: Hausa-Ingilishi/Ingilishi-Hausa." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2023.
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Leben, William R., and Roxana Ma Newman. "An English-Hausa Dictionary." Modern Language Journal 75, no. 4 (1991): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329507.
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Abdulkadir, Hamzat Na'uzo. "Linguistic Diffusion in the Development of Hausa Language." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v2i1.196.
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The purpose of this paper is to prove that intercultural relationship and sufficient contact between Hausa and other languages result in linguistic diffusion or borrowing. The study adopts both the historical and descriptive survey research design, predicated on the need for a brief history of Hausa and the donor languages, and descriptive design to facilitate the use of secondary data generated from textbooks, theses, dissertations, seminar and conference papers. The study traces the location of Hausa people in order to vividly comprehend the nature of contact with the donor languages which effectively bears on the objective nature of the borrowed words. It is in this light that three types of language relationship emerged: genetic, typological and cultural. The intercultural relationship can be unidirectional (English and Hausa) or bi-directional (Hausa and Yoruba). The work provides concrete examples from Tuareg, Fulfulde, Kanuri, Yoruba, Nupe, Arabic and English languages to demonstrate the long contact with the Hausa language. The study finally observes suppressive interference on the structures of Hausa especially from Arabic and English, which have attained second language status in Hausa society, which, again, does not make the language lose its originality.
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Kamal, Aliyu. "Reading the modern Hausa novel in English." Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ahoaj.2020.04.00165.
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The paper discusses how reading the Modern Hausa Novel in English, which is multidisciplinary and entertaining, will greatly afford the reader the opportunity to contribute towards achieving positive change in Nigeria. The preoccupations of Hausa characters in the Hausa Novel are bound to religious precepts and founded on communalism both of which affect the relations holding between them. The English language, as a vehicle of literary expression, offers a great deal of stylistic devices to the Hausa Novel, as shown in the analysis of twelve novels written over an eleven-year period.
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Pawlak, N. "Paul Newman. A Hausa-English Dictionary." International Journal of Lexicography 21, no. 4 (May 29, 2008): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecn029.
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Brigaglia, Andrea. "Two Published Hausa Translations of the Qur'ān and their Doctrinal Background." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 4 (2005): 424–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006605774832225.
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AbstractThis article presents an analysis of two written Hausa translations of the Qur'ān. Though emphasizing that these endeavours were strictly linked to their authors' previous careers as oral exegetes, the article argues also that a certain shift may take place in the significance of tafsīr through the importance assumed by written translation. These translations were published when a broad dogmatic conflict was taking place in Nigeria, and they feature a strong concern to de-legitimize or defend certain contended issues. The recurring object of debate in the two translations is usually Sufism, but, on a closer look, other related issues emerge as being at stake: the soundness of the local exegetical tradition, and the role of Aš'arism as a set of theological doctrines providing the conventional framework for traditional exegetes to speak about God and His attributes. Issues of language and style are also briefly explored.
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Brenner, Louis, and Murray Last. "The role of language in West African Islam." Africa 55, no. 4 (October 1985): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160176.
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Opening Paragraph‘A translation of the meaning of the Holy Koran into the Hausa language’ – this is the careful wording of the title of the work sponsored by the Jama'atu Nasril Islam (whose President is the Sultan of Sokoto) and signed by Abubakar Mahmoud Gummi, the chairman of its executive committee and former Grand Khadi (Gummi, 1980). It is, in short, as official a Muslim publication as there can be in Nigeria. The Arab text (set in a standard Beirut naskh typeface) is on the right of the page, the Hausa, in roman script (boko), on the left; yet colleagues say that the Hausa still reads as if it was simply part of an oral, abbreviated tafsiri transcribed for printing. Though it is nowhere labelled as tafsiri, it has some footnotes and a sentence introducing each sura; and it is a truly vernacular translation – that is, it is not as awkward to read as, say, the books translated by Haliru Binji into what one could best describe as ‘malamanci’. Lastly, the printed text originally was circulated in sections – in part, it is said, to assess people's reactions to a Hausa translation of the Holy Koran being sold in the streets of Nigerian cities. It is a measure of the public's acceptance of this work – which is in reality no more than a printed version of the various oral ‘translations’ one can hear every year in public, on the radio or on tape – that not merely has it now appeared as a single volume but that it has already gone into a second edition; indeed, Alhaji Nasiru Kabara has now almost completed the process of producing his own version.
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Ogunnaike, Oludamini, and Mohammed Rustom. "Islam in English." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v36i2.590.
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The Quranic revelation had a tremendous impact upon the societies, art, and thought of the various peoples with whom it came into contact. But perhaps nowhere is this influence as evident as in the domain of language, the very medium of the revelation. First, the Arabic language itself was radically and irrevocably altered by the manifestation of the Quran.3 Then, as the language of the divine revelation, Quranic Arabic exerted a wide-ranging influence upon the thought and language of speakers of Persian, Turkish, numerous South and South-East Asian languages, and West and East African languages such as Hausa and Swahili.
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Ogunnaike, Oludamini, and Mohammed Rustom. "Islam in English." American Journal of Islam and Society 36, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v36i2.590.
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The Quranic revelation had a tremendous impact upon the societies, art, and thought of the various peoples with whom it came into contact. But perhaps nowhere is this influence as evident as in the domain of language, the very medium of the revelation. First, the Arabic language itself was radically and irrevocably altered by the manifestation of the Quran.3 Then, as the language of the divine revelation, Quranic Arabic exerted a wide-ranging influence upon the thought and language of speakers of Persian, Turkish, numerous South and South-East Asian languages, and West and East African languages such as Hausa and Swahili.
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Krasnova, Vasilina Yur'evna, and Ol'ga Vasil'evna Nikolaeva. "English translations of the Japanese folkloremes in the English-language translations: cultural-cognitive asymmetry." Litera, no. 2 (February 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.32343.
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The subject of this research is the linguocultural and cognitive aspects of the original Japanese folkloremes (names of fairy characters, mythical objects, and mythical animals) and their English correlates. The authors refer to folklore as a source of profound understanding of cultural connotation, cultural beliefs, cultural distinctness, traditions and customs. The methodological equivalence of linguistic and cultural-cognitive aspects of folkloremes is underlined. The goal of this work consists in determination of the formal and conceptual transformations of Japanese folkloremes in English translation of a Japanese tale. Folkloremes of a Japanese tale have not previously been an object of special research. Comparison of the text of Japanese folk tale and its English analogue demonstrates the cultural-cognitive asymmetry between Japanese folkloremes and their English correlates. Three types of Japanese folkloremes (unique; possessing distinct characteristics; and having cultural-specific associations) determine different techniques of their translation into the English language and various types of transformations of their conceptual content. Cognitive asymmetry of Japanese and Anglo-Saxon cultures substantiate the insufficient understanding and accentuation in English texts of the Japanese important cultural dominant – social and age hierarchism, as well as the enduring significance of image of the emperor and imperial power associated with this dominant.
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Uba, Sani Yantandu. "Metadiscourse in Research Article Genre: A Cross-Linguistic Study of English and Hausa." English Language Teaching 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n2p57.
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The aim of conducting this study came from a need to explore contrastive study in using metadiscourse features between English and Hausa in research article genre. This study investigated what metadiscourse features are frequently used across two languages in research article genre. A sub-corpus of ten research articles was compiled from each language. The study adopted Hyland’s (2005) typology of metadiscourse features. The results of the study show that there are certain commonalities and differences in using the features across the languages. In terms of similarity, both groups of writers typically used all categories of metadiscourse features. They are almost having a similar frequency of boosters and attitude markers. On the other hand, writers from Hausa research article typically had a high frequency of self-mention, whereas writers from English had a low frequency of the feature. One remarkable feature in Hausa sub-corpus is the use of proverbs and idioms. This study recommends raising awareness of students in relation to linguistic and social conventions of their disciplines.
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Tench, Paul. "Tera." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37, no. 2 (July 25, 2007): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100307002952.
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Tera is the Hausa and English name for the Nyimatli [nimaáli] people as they call themselves, and their language. Their communities lie principally in the north and east of present-day Gombe State and in the adjoining area of Borno State in north-eastern Nigeria. There are approximately 100,000 people who speak the language as their mother tongue (Gordon & Grimes 2005: 175), many of whom also use Hausa as the local lingua franca; increasing numbers are trilingual as the result of the growing importance of English in commerce and education.
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Usman, Abdulmalik. "Phonological Analysis of the English Consonants Articulations of Hausa Speakers of English: An Optimality Perspective." European Journal of English Language Studies 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ejels.2.2.97.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The pronunciation patterns of most speakers of English as a second language are characterized by regional and ethnic phonological features of their native language. This study sought to examine the consonant articulation of Hausa speakers of English in broadcasting industry in Nigeria. The research was guided by Optimality Theory framework (OT). Participants were drawn from four electronic media in Bauchi State, Nigeria and data were elicited through production test and recording of news broadcasts live from the stations. The findings revealed that the participants ranked IDENTCONT as a high ranked constraints which allowed the importation of voiceless bilabial fricative /ɸ/ from the phonemic inventory of Hausa language into English spoken by the subjects. The results further discovered that /p/ is substituted with/ɸ/ and /θ/ is substituted with /t/, /d/ or /s/. Similarly, /ð/ is realized as /d/ or /z/. /ʒ/ is produced as /dʒ/ or /ʃ. These deviations from RP were caused by phonological processes of spirantinzation/Frication, stopping and affrication.</p>
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Bennett, Karen. "Foucault in English." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.29.2.02ben.
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It is something of a cliché to affirm that translations into English are almost always domestications, privileging fluency and naturalness over fidelity to the source text. However, back in the 1970s, many of Michel Foucault’s major texts, which were introduced to the English-speaking public for the first time through Alan Sheridan Smith’s translations for Tavistock Publications, were not domesticated at all. Despite the fact that the originals are grounded in a non-empiricist theory of knowledge and use terms drawn from a universe of discourse that would have been completely alien in the English-speaking world, these translations closely follow the patterns of the French, with few or no concessions to the target reader’s knowledge and expectations. This paper analyses passages from Sheridan Smith’s English translations of Les Mots et les choses and L’Archéologie du savoir in order to discuss the long-term effects of this translation strategy. It then goes on to compare and assess two very different translations of Foucault’s lecture L’ Ordre du discours (1970), an early one by Rupert Swyer (1971), which brings the text to the English reader, and a later one by Ian McLeod (1981), which obliges the reader to go to the text. The paper concludes by reiterating the need for Anglophone academic culture to open up to foreign perspectives, and suggests, following Goethe (Book of West and East, 1819) that new epistemes are best introduced gradually in order to avoid alienating or confusing a public that might not be ready for them.
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Maikanti, Sale, Yap Ngee Thai, Jurgen Martin Burkhardt, Yong Mei Fung, Salina Binti Husain, and Olúwadọrọ̀ Jacob Oludare. "Mispronunciation and Substitution of Mid-high Front and Back Hausa Vowels by Yorùbá Native Speakers." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v3i1.6107.
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The mid short vowels: /e/ and /o/ are among the vowels shared between Hausa and Yorùbá but differ in Hausa mid-high long, front and back vowels: /e:/ and /o:/. The phonemic differences in the two languages have caused learning difficulties among the Yorùbá native speakers to achieve their second language learning desire and competence. Yorùbá-Hausa learners mispronounce certain disyllabic Hausa words due to the substitution of vowels in the first and second syllables. Thus, both lexical and grammatical meanings of the Hausa words are affected. This study examined the production of the 12 Hausa vowels by level 1 and level 3 students who were learning Hausa as a second language to determine if there was a significant difference in how level 1 and level 3 students pronounced the short and long mid-high, front and back Hausa vowels. 88 Yorùbá native speakers were recruited using purposive sampling. Twenty-four different wordlists extracted from Bargery's (1934) Hausa-English dictionary and prepared in carrier phrases were audio-recorded. It was a mixed-method, and the results were discussed within the theoretical framework of Flege and Bohn's (2020) Revised Speech Learning Model and Corder's (1967) 'Error Analysis Model'. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that participants in level 1 generally performed lower than level 3 participants in the pronunciation of mid-Hausa vowels due to substitutions. Such errors have pedagogical implication in learning Hausa as a second language, and if not addressed accordingly, the standard of Hausa will continue to fall at an undesirable and alarming rate.
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Morford, Jill P., Judith F. Kroll, Pilar Piñar, and Erin Wilkinson. "Bilingual word recognition in deaf and hearing signers: Effects of proficiency and language dominance on cross-language activation." Second Language Research 30, no. 2 (April 2014): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313503467.
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Recent evidence demonstrates that American Sign Language (ASL) signs are active during print word recognition in deaf bilinguals who are highly proficient in both ASL and English. In the present study, we investigate whether signs are active during print word recognition in two groups of unbalanced bilinguals: deaf ASL-dominant and hearing English-dominant bilinguals. Participants judged the semantic relatedness of word pairs in English. Critically, a subset of both the semantically related and unrelated English word pairs had phonologically related translations in ASL, but participants were never shown any ASL signs during the experiment. Deaf ASL-dominant bilinguals (Experiment 1) were faster when semantically related English word pairs had similar form translations in ASL, but slower when semantically unrelated words had similar form translations in ASL, indicating that ASL signs are engaged during English print word recognition in these ASL-dominant signers. Hearing English-dominant bilinguals (Experiment 2) were also slower to respond to semantically unrelated English word pairs with similar form translations in ASL, but no facilitation effects were observed in this population. The results provide evidence that the interactive nature of lexical processing in bilinguals is impervious to language modality.
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Leverone, Julia. "Into English: Poems, Translations, Commentaries." Translation Review 104, no. 1 (May 4, 2019): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2019.1635362.
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Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka. "“Oya let’s go to Nigeria”." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 26, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 370–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20026.unu.
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Abstract This paper examines five bilingual pragmatic markers: oya, ke, ni, walahi, and ba, loaned from indigenous Nigerian languages into Nigerian English, with a view to investigating their sources, meanings, frequencies, spelling stability, positions, collocational patterns and discourse-pragmatic functions. The data for the study were obtained from the International Corpus of English-Nigeria and the Nigerian component of the Global Web-based English corpus. These were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, using the theory of pragmatic borrowing. The results show that oya, ke, and ni are borrowed from Yoruba, walahi is loaned from Arabic through Hausa and Yoruba while ba is borrowed from Hausa. Oya serves as an attention marker, ke and ni function as emphasis markers, walahi serves as an emphatic manner of speaking marker while ba functions as an attention marker and agreement-seeking marker. The study highlights the influence of indigenous Nigerian languages on the discourse-pragmatic features of Nigerian English.
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Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka. "“So you know ehn … ” The use of bilingual interjections in Nigerian English." Intercultural Pragmatics 17, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2020-0008.
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AbstractThis paper investigates four bilingual interjections: na wa, shikena, ehn, and ehen, with the objective of exploring their sources, meanings, frequencies, spelling stability, positions, collocational patterns and discourse-pragmatic functions in Nigerian English. The data which were obtained from the Nigerian component of the Global Web-based English corpus were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, using the theory of pragmatic borrowing. The results indicate that na wa, which is loaned from Nigerian Pidgin, is actually a modified form of a Hausa expression, na wahala, shikena is borrowed from Hausa, while ehn and ehen are loaned from Yoruba. Na wa is an emotive interjection, shikena and ehen are cognitive interjections, while ehn can function both as phatic and as emotive interjections. Both ehn and ehen also function as pragmatic markers. The study thus extends research on the discourse-pragmatic features of Nigerian English.
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Ebeling, Signe Oksefjell. "The function of recurrent word-combinations in English translations from three different languages." Meta 67, no. 1 (September 7, 2022): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1092194ar.
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This article compares phraseological tendencies in translated vs. non-translated English through functionally classified 3-word sequences. The study builds on previous research that compared 3-grams in fiction texts originally written in English with fiction texts translated from Norwegian. The current investigation adds English translations from two additional languages – German and Swedish – with the aim of establishing to what extent the tendencies noted for English translations from Norwegian extend to English translations from other languages. Thus the study contributes to the discussion of translation universals and translation as a third code. At the level of 3-gram functions, it has been uncovered that English originals and translations share similar functional characteristics in eight of the fourteen categories identified. Of the remaining six, four show statistically significant differences between originals and translations, regardless of source language. Based on a more qualitative study of four specific 3-grams from two of these categories, it is concluded, in line with the previous studies, that the most likely explanations are source language(s) shining through and the (potentially universal) tendency for translators to use a smaller and more fixed set of expressions in their translations.
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Voronevskaya, Natalia V. "ON ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF R. M. RILKE’S POETIC LANGUAGE." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 2 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-89-96.
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This study aims to assess the adequacy of the form of German sonnets when reproduced in English translations. The focus is on interrogative sentences, which, together with the sonnet in the form of a macro-sentence, the shortened verse and enjambment, are the characteristics of the innovative features of Sonnets to Orpheus by R. M. Rilke. The lyrical cycle Sonnets to Orpheus is among the most translated into world languages of Rilke’s poetry works, as well as Duino Elegies. Both professional and amateur poets and translators have been competing to put the Austrian writer’s best poems into English. Here we examine more than twenty English translations of the Sonnets into English, made from 1936 to 2008. The importance of the comparative linguistic-stylistic study of the original and its translations is determined by the continuing interest in Rilke’s works in English-speaking countries and the necessity to understand the principles of reconstructing the features of Rilke’s poetics using the English language. The system of methods used in this work includes: historical and philological analysis, comparative linguistic and stylistic description, as well as comparative analysis of the original and translation in the form that was developed in the works of V. Bryusov (1905), N. Gumilev (1919), M. Lozinsky (1935), E. Etkind (1963), S. Goncharenko (1987). We have found that the innovative nature of German sonnets is not always reflected in English translations. In some translations, American and British translators significantly modified the form of the original: interrogative sentences dominating in XVII and XVIII sonnets of the second part of the lyric cycle were not reproduced in English translations made by G. Good, D. Young, C. Haseloff, N. Mardas Billias and others.
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Szitó, Judit. "Formulaic language and translation : The case of the Hungarian dirge." Freeside Europe Online Academic Journal, no. 12 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51313/freeside-2021-7.
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The study proposes that “good clichés”, often named formulas or formulaic language in linguistics, can be best represented in another language as folklore translations. The claim is demonstrated through providing folklore translations to formulaic segments of Hungarian dirges, a genre which is characterized by formulaic composition. The dirge is an improvised folklore genre, a special lament for the deceased that is composed on the spot. First the formulaic composition of dirges is explained. In addition, various levels of mediation are compared in order to highlight the importance of folklore translations in formulaic texts. It is suggested that folklore translations occupy an intermediate position between interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses and regular translations: they differ from interlinear glosses in their readability, and from regular translations mainly in their cultural content. Finally, closely resembling formulaic chains in the discourse of Hungarian dirges from the Upper-Tisza region are presented in both Hungarian and English, and thus made accessible for readers in English. The Appendix of the study contains six dirge texts in Hungarian and their translations in English. The dirges had been either recorded during field work and then transcribed in Hungarian by the author or collected from archives and published sources. In this manner, formulaic composition in Hungarian dirge texts, together with texts not translated before, are made available to an international readership in English.
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Gadalla, Hassan A. H. "Syntactic classes of the Arabic passive participle: And how they should be rendered into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 1 (May 11, 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.1.01gad.
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The main concern of this article is to provide an analysis of the syntactic classes of Arabic passive participle forms and discuss their translations based on a comparative study of two English Quranic translations by Ali (1934) and Pickthall (1930). The study attempts to answer two questions: (a) Should we translate the Arabic passive participle into an English nominal, verbal, adjectival or adverbial? and (b) What are the factors that determine the choice of one translation or the other? So, it compares the two translations to analyze the different English translations of the Arabic passive participle. A corpus of 350 sentences has been randomly selected from the source text, together with their 700 translations in the target texts. The two translations of all the sentences are compared and analyzed in terms of syntactic and semantic features. The various English translations of the Arabic passive participle forms are presented with a count of the examples representing them in the corpus and their percentages. Then, the contextual reference of each translation is studied and accounted for.
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Bala, Bulus P., and Laminu Aminu Song. "Android App for Improvising Sign Language Communication in English and Hausa." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 06, no. 02 (2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2020.33687.
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Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Stephanie A. Kazanas, and Jeanette Altarriba. "Translation ambiguity in Mandarin-English bilinguals." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2018): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17037.bas.
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Abstract Research focused on the cognitive processes surrounding bilingual language representation has revealed the important role that translation ambiguity plays in how languages are stored in memory (Tokowicz & Kroll, 2007). In addition, translation of emotionally related information has been shown to be challenging because a direct translation does not always exist (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2014). The focus of the current study was to explore the processing of ambiguous words for translations that differ in orthography. In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals translated concrete and abstract words that differed in the number of translations across languages. In Experiment 2, emotion words were introduced into the context, in order to examine differences in emotion translation across languages. The results revealed that words with a single translation were produced faster and more accurately than words that had multiple translations. Finally, translation of emotional stimuli was faster when translating Chinese words as compared to English words.
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Hao, Fu. "On English Translations of Classical Chinese Poetry." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 3 (November 15, 1999): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.3.05hao.
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Abstract There have been numerous classical Chinese poems translated into English since the 18th century, and many of them enjoy more than one version. This article discusses some prominent aspects of English translation of classical Chinese poetry, such as choice of words, syntax, metre and form, and allusion, based on comparative analysis of different versions. In the language of classical Chinese poetry, the prevailing monosyllabic word often tends to be polysemous and the grammatical function of a word more flexible. There are also many grammatical ellipses in its syntax. How does a translator choose the right word and decipher the sentence? In addition, classical Chinese poetry enjoys strict verse forms and rhyme schemes, and has a tradition to employ literary allusions. How can an English version achieve an equivalent effect? To solve such problems, translators in different times and places have made various experiments. But the swing of the pendulum seems not to go beyond the two extremes, rigidly imitating the original form or freely rewriting in another language. Under proper modulation, both methods may score some points. Résumé Il y a eu de nombreux poèmes classiques en langue chinoise traduits vers la langue anglaise depuis le 18ème siècle, et plusieurs d'entre eux ont plus d'une version. Cet article discute de certains aspects particuliers de la traduction anglaise de la poésie classique chinoise tels que le choix des mots, la syntaxe, la versification et la forme ainsi que les allusions, basées sur l'analyse comparative des différentes versions. Dans le langage de la poésie classique chinoise, le mot monosyllabique qui prévaut tend à avoir plusieurs significations et la fonction grammaticale du mot à être plus souple. Il existe aussi beaucoup d'ellipses grammaticales dans sa syntaxe. Comment un traducteur choisit-il le mot exact et décompose-t-il la phrase? En outre. la poésie classique chinoise nous offre une structure en vers et un agencement de rimes très strictes et possède une tradition de l'emploi d'allusions littéraires. Comment une version anglaise peut-elle atteindre un effet équivalent? Pour résoudre ce type de problèmes, les traducteurs à différentes époques et lieux ont effectué des expériences différentes. Mais le pendule ne balance pas en dehors des deux extrêmes, l'imitation rigide de la forme originale ou sa réécriture libre dans une autre langue. Selon la modulation appropriée, chacune des deux méthodes pourrait présenter certains avantages.
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Doherty, Monika. "Clefts in Translations between English and German1." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 11, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.11.2.06doh.
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Abstract A great number of translation problems are linguistic in nature, but they can only be properly diagnosed and their solutions 'objectively ' assessed if one takes account of the context in which the problematic elements occur. The paper focuses on a prototypical case of such translation problems: English cleft sentences and their counterparts in German. Clefts are claimed to establish a rhetorical relation with a propositional antecedent located beyond the local context, thus contributing to the formation of textual macro-structures. While the local context determines the focal interpretation of clefts within the current discourse, the appeal to earlier ideas attributes to the cleft a higher degree of contextual relevance.
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Loveland, Jeff. "Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon's Histoire naturelle in English, 1775–1815." Archives of Natural History 31, no. 2 (October 2004): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2004.31.2.214.
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Published in French to considerable acclaim between 1749 and 1767, the 15-volume opening sub-series of Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon's Histoire naturelle was first translated into English in near entirety in 1775–1776. Over the next 40 years, two further comprehensive English-language translations were prepared and published in four editions each. This paper describes the three major English translations of Buffon's Histoire naturelle and compares their coverage, order, style, accuracy and footnotes. Supplemented with information from reviews, advertisements and partial translations and adaptations, the history of the large-scale English-language translations of Histoire naturelle provides clues about Buffon's reception in the Anglophone world.
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Rawoens, Gudrun, and Thomas Egan. "Coding Betweenness in Swedish and Norwegian Translations from English." Meta 60, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036144ar.
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This paper examines the way in which the semantic notion of ‘betweenness’ is coded in Swedish and Norwegian translations of the same English source texts. The study takes its starting point in the contention that the original English expressions of ‘betweenness’ containing the prepositionbetweenconstitute a viabletertium comparationisfor translations of that form into the other two languages. A classification of all occurrences ofbetweenin the English source texts in The English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) and The English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) in terms of the semantic role of the landmarks in the predications is followed by an analysis of the translations, both congruent and divergent. The primary focus, however, is not on the correspondences between the English original and its translations into Swedish and Norwegian, but on the parallels between the two sets of translations. To this end comparisons are drawn between the Swedish and Norwegian renderings of the various meanings ofbetweenin the source data. The analysis shows that Swedish and Norwegian resemble one another closely in the means employed to code the various senses ofbetween. The last part of the study offers a complementary perspective in comparing occurrences of the most common translation equivalents ofbetween,mellanin Swedish andmellomin Norwegian, in contexts where they do not translatebetweenin the English source texts. This approach reveals that, despite the lack ofbetweenin the original texts, the two sets of translators both employ the cognate prepositions in over 25% of cases.
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Olodude, Ibukunolu Isaac. "Intentional Manipulations? A Further Analysis of Selected English-Yoruba Humorous Translations." Yoruba Studies Review 7, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v7i1.131437.
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Translation is aimed at reproducing a given text from one source language to another. In view of the importance of the concept of translation, various theories and strategies have been developed in literature to facilitate the activities involved in the translation of texts, either interlingual or intralingual. However, there are cases when the translation of a text is either intentionally or unintentionally manipulated to achieve certain intended or unintended purposes. This essay examines cases of manipulated translations of texts within a language and from one language to the other. The data for the study were some selected humorous translations obtained from the social media (WhatsApp and Twitter precisely). The posts, eleven in number, were tagged with the title ‘Translation 101’ and contained sentences in English language which were humorously translated some into the standard Yorùbá language and others into the Ibadan dialect of the Yorùbá language. The humorous translations could be said to be a play on words which is based on the pronunciation similarities of the normal translations in the Yorùbá language and some words, phrases and names in English and other languages. The theory of choice for the study is the Manipulation Theory adopted by a group of scholars known as the ‘Manipulation School’ (Hermans, 1985). The analysis of the data revealed cases where the translations of the texts were intentionally manipulated to elicit humor for the audience. It concludes that humorous translations are often used by comedians who intentionally manipulate the translations of certain texts for the purpose of comedy.
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Edwards, A. S. G. "Gavin Bone and his Old English Translations." Translation and Literature 30, no. 2 (July 2021): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2021.0461.
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This article examines the verse translations of various shorter Old English poems and of Beowulf by the Oxford scholar Gavin Bone (1907–1942), mainly published posthumously. It provides a biographical account of him, before going on assess his introductions to Anglo-Saxon Poetry (1943) and Beowulf (1945). It further describes the various techniques Bone used in his translations, the lexical and metrical forms he employed, and their relative degrees of success. The article also considers the illustrations Bone created to accompany his Beowulf translation. It concludes with an examination of the afterlife and subsequent neglect of Bone's translations.
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Johansson, Stig. "Viewing languages through multilingual corpora, with special reference to the generic person in English, German, and Norwegian." Languages in Contrast 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2004): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.4.2.05joh.
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This paper explores three types of correspondence relations in a multilingual translation corpus: translations, sources, and parallels. German structures of the type man sieht, with the generic subject man and a perception verb, are compared with (1) their translations into English and Norwegian, (2) the sources in English and Norwegian texts which give rise to such structures in German translations, and (3) the parallel translations in English and Norwegian where German man is introduced in the translation from the other language. Although similar means are available in the three languages, there are important differences, particularly between German and English. For German and Norwegian the three correspondence relations produce the same overall pattern, for German and English the patterns vary greatly with the type of correspondence relation. The multilingual comparison throws the characteristics of the languages into relief, so that we can see similarities and differences more clearly and in more detail.
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Wild, Stefan. "Muslim Translators and Translations of the Qur'an into English." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2015): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2015.0215.
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Until the 1940s, English translations of the Qur'an were (with the notable exception of translations by Indian Muslims early in the twentieth century) mostly undertaken by non-Muslims and viewed with some misgiving by most Muslim scholars. As late as 1929 the Egyptian al-Azhar, internationally regarded as the most prestigious Muslim organisation in the world, publically burnt a translation of the Qur'an, even though it had been translated by a Muslim. It was only well after the Second World War that the Egyptian authorities officially allowed the publication of a translation of the Qur'an. More recently, English translations by Muslims have proliferated and now flourish worldwide: as far as the number of Qur'an-translations is concerned, no other language is better represented. However, diverging English translations of the Qur'an have become more and more of a religious and political battleground. This article discusses the development of English from a ‘coloniser's language’ to an English ‘friendly to Islam’ – especially in India and Pakistan. It also sketches the impact of Christian missionary translations of the Qur'an into English and discusses the problems faced by scholars with regard to English as a powerful second language, specifically in terms of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an in Saudi Arabia, which has gradually taken prominence over Al-Azhar on the international stage since the 1980s.
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Nobes, Christopher, and Christian Stadler. "Impaired translations: IFRS from English and annual reports into English." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 7 (September 17, 2018): 1981–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2017-2978.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine translation in the context of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by taking the example of the English term “impairment” in IAS 36, and following it into 19 translations. The paper then examines the terms used for impairment in English translations of annual reports provided by firms. Consideration is given to the best approach for translating regulations and whether that is also suitable for the translation of annual reports. Design/methodology/approach The two empirical parts of the paper involve: first, identifying the terms for impairment used in 19 official translations of IAS 36, and second, examining English-language translations of reports provided by 393 listed firms from 11 major countries. Findings Nearly all the terms used for “impairment” in translations of IAS 36 do not convey the message of damage to assets. In annual reports translated into English, many terms are misleading in that they do not mention impairment, peaking at 39 per cent in German and Italian reports in one year. Research limitations/implications Researchers should note that the information related to impairment in international databases is likely to contain errors, and the authors recommend that data should be hand-collected and then carefully checked by experts. The authors make suggestions for further research. Practical implications Translators of regulations should aim to convey the messages of the source documents, but translators of annual reports should not look only at the reports but also consult the terminology in the original regulations. The authors also suggest implications for regulators and analysts. Originality/value The paper innovates by separately considering regulations and annual reports. The authors examine a key accounting term systematically into a wide range of official translations. The core section of the paper is a new field of research: an empirical study of the translations of firms’ financial statements.
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Pusztai-Varga, Ildikó. "Cultural Dimensions of Poetry Translation." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2016-0028.
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Abstract The present research analyses Hungarian and English target-language translations of contemporary Finnish poems. The translation solutions of culturally-bound lexical elements are compared in both Finnish-Hungarian and Finnish-English translation directions. The analysis is carried out using a text corpus comprising Hungarian and English translations of Finnish poems published after 1950. The text corpus consists of 160 Finnish source poems and their 160 Hungarian and 160 English target-language translations. The objective of the research is to reveal the cultural aspects of the translation of poetry and to answer the question as to what types of translation solutions literary translators use when translating culturally-bound lexical elements in Finnish poems into Hungarian and English. Results show that English-language translators of contemporary Finnish poems more frequently use translation solutions which are less creative and do not stray far from the original source language text. Hungarian translators, on the other hand, are more courageous in deviating from the source text and adapting their translations to the target language. This can be explained by reference to the two translation contexts or as a result of genre-specific reasons.
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Ghasemi, Hadis, and Mahmood Hashemian. "A Comparative Study of Google Translate Translations: An Error Analysis of English-to-Persian and Persian-to-English Translations." English Language Teaching 9, no. 3 (January 31, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n3p13.
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<p>Both lack of time and the need to translate texts for numerous reasons brought about an increase in studying machine translation with a history spanning over 65 years. During the last decades, Google Translate, as a statistical machine translation (SMT), was in the center of attention for supporting 90 languages. Although there are many studies on Google Translate, few researchers have considered Persian-English translation pairs. This study used Keshavarzʼs (1999) model of error analysis to carry out a comparison study between the raw English-Persian translations and Persian-English translations from Google Translate. Based on the criteria presented in the model, 100 systematically selected sentences from an interpreter app called Motarjem Hamrah were translated by Google Translate and then evaluated and brought in different tables. Results of analyzing and tabulating the frequencies of the errors together with conducting a chi-square test showed no significant differences between the qualities of Google Translate from English to Persian and Persian to English. In addition, lexicosemantic and active/passive voice errors were the most and least frequent errors, respectively. Directions for future research are recognized in the paper for the improvements of the system.</p>
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Gut, Ulrike. "Nigerian English prosody." English World-Wide 26, no. 2 (June 14, 2005): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.2.03gut.
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Nigerian English (NigE) prosody has often been described as strikingly different from Standard English varieties such as British English (BrE) and American English. One possible source for this is the influence of the indigenous tone languages of Nigeria on NigE. This paper investigates the effects of the language contact between the structurally diverse prosodic systems of English and the three major Nigerian languages. Reading passage style and semi-spontaneous speech by speakers of NigE, BrE, Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba were analysed acoustically in terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and tonal structure. Results show that NigE prosody combines elements of intonation / stress languages and tone languages. In terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and syllable length, NigE groups between the Nigerian languages and BrE. NigE tonal properties are different from those of an intonation language such as BrE insofar as tones are associated with syllables and have a grammatical function. Accentuation in NigE is different from BrE in terms of both accent placement and realisation; accents in NigE are associated with high tone. A proposal for a first sketch of NigE intonational phonology is made and parallels are drawn with other New Englishes.
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Oksefjell, Signe. "A Description of the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.4.2.01oks.
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This paper gives an introduction to the most important steps in the process of compiling the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC), which contains 50 original English text extracts with their translations into Norwegian and 50 original Norwegian text extracts with their translations into English, in all about 2.6 million words. Even if the most time-consuming part of the process is to prepare the text extracts for the corpus, much of the focus has also been on the development of software, notably a browser handling parallel texts and an alignment program linking the original and translated versions of the same text. The preparation of the texts themselves includes scanning, proofreading, mark-up, and alignment. Although the ENPC is completed, the ENPC project is still developing, and the most recent extensions will be mentioned in this paper, such as adding more languages, compiling multiple translations (in the same language) of the same text, part-of-speech-tagging, and marking direct speech and thought in the ENPC.
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Reynolds, Barry Lee. "Troublesome English translations of Taiwanese dishes." English Today 32, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841500067x.
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Almost every Taiwanese university has some form of an English Department, some with straightforward names (e.g., Department of English) and some with ambiguous names (e.g., Department of Applied Languages). The so-called ‘Applied Courses’ are in fact English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses covering a range of Business and Tourism topics. While pursuing my doctorate I taught these courses as an adjunct lecturer in several universities. This experience continuously reaffirmed suspicions that one particular aspect of English language education was being neglected in Taiwanese secondary and tertiary education, that is, how to translate the names of the foods and dishes that make up the culturally laden Taiwanese cuisine.
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Lee, Brittany, Gabriela Meade, Katherine J. Midgley, Phillip J. Holcomb, and Karen Emmorey. "ERP Evidence for Co-Activation of English Words during Recognition of American Sign Language Signs." Brain Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9060148.
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Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate co-activation of English words during recognition of American Sign Language (ASL) signs. Deaf and hearing signers viewed pairs of ASL signs and judged their semantic relatedness. Half of the semantically unrelated signs had English translations that shared an orthographic and phonological rime (e.g., BAR–STAR) and half did not (e.g., NURSE–STAR). Classic N400 and behavioral semantic priming effects were observed in both groups. For hearing signers, targets in sign pairs with English rime translations elicited a smaller N400 compared to targets in pairs with unrelated English translations. In contrast, a reversed N400 effect was observed for deaf signers: target signs in English rime translation pairs elicited a larger N400 compared to targets in pairs with unrelated English translations. This reversed effect was overtaken by a later, more typical ERP priming effect for deaf signers who were aware of the manipulation. These findings provide evidence that implicit language co-activation in bimodal bilinguals is bidirectional. However, the distinct pattern of effects in deaf and hearing signers suggests that it may be modulated by differences in language proficiency and dominance as well as by asymmetric reliance on orthographic versus phonological representations.
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Serbina, Tatiana. "Construction shifts in translations." Constructions and Frames 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.5.2.03ser.
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In the present paper the phenomenon of translation shifts is discussed within the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar. It is suggested that viewing linguistic structures of various sizes and levels of abstractness as constructions allows us to better grasp the complexities of the phenomenon of translation shifts. The methodology of studying construction shifts is applied to the analysis of the construction [Subject Verb Direct Object] for the translation direction English-German. The quantitative results have been obtained using the parallel CroCo corpus.
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Ahmad Al-Quran, Mohammad. "Constraints on Arabic translations of English technical terms." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.4.05qur.
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Gillespie, Stuart. "John Polwhele's Horatian Translations." Translation and Literature 30, no. 1 (March 2021): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2021.0445.
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The poems and translations of John Polwhele ( c.1606–1672) are preserved in a single autograph manuscript, Bodleian MS English poetry f. 16. Some have received intermittent scholarly attention in recent times, often on account of Polwhele's admiration for and emulation of Ben Jonson. As well as other classical translations, Polwhele's manuscript includes eleven poems and passages from Horace, nearly all of them versions of odes and epodes. A handful have been printed or partially printed before. The purpose of this contribution is to provide transcribed texts of the complete set in a uniform way in a single document. As well as the Jonsonian connections of Polwhele's Horatian writings, they are of scholarly interest because they use Horace as a vehicle for comment on the translator's own times, including events of the English civil war period such as the regicide of 1649.
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Bergh, Gunnar, and Sölve Ohlander. "Loan translations versus direct loans: The impact of English on European football lexis." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000014.
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Football language may be regarded as the world's most widespread special language, where English has played a key role. The focus of the present study is the influence of English football vocabulary in the form of loan translations, contrasted with direct loans, as manifested in 16 European languages from different language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, etc.). Drawing on a set of 25 English football words (match, corner, dribble, offside, etc.), the investigation shows that there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied. For example, Icelandic shows the largest number of loan translations, while direct loans are most numerous in Norwegian; overall, combining direct loans and loan translations, Finnish displays the lowest number of English loans. The tendencies noted are discussed, offering some tentative explanations of the results, where both linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, such as language similarity and attitudes to borrowing, are considered.
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WALSH, ANDREW SAMUEL. "Who Translated Lorca into English First? An Analysis of the 1929 New York Translations and their Possible Authorship." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 7 98, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.39.
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This article analyses the disputed and currently unresolved issue of who was responsible for the first translations into English of the work of Federico García Lorca. These were versions of two of the Gypsy Ballads, which were published anonymously in August 1929 in the New York based Hispanic journal Alhambra, shortly after Lorca’s arrival in the city. The article first presents the background to these translations and the publication in which they appeared, and examines the respective biographical merits and circumstantial claims of the two candidates to be Lorca’s first translators into English, Philip Cummings and Ángel Flores. The article then analyses the textual characteristics of the translations, compares and contrasts them with the translational styles of both candidates in their other Spanish-English poetry translations, and offers some conclusions as to who was most likely to have been Lorca’s first translator into English.
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Dileep, E. "Decolonising English Teaching in India: Remarks on English as All-Indian Elite Language (EAEL)." Shanlax International Journal of English 7, no. 4 (September 1, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v7i4.596.
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This paper is a humble attempt to share some nagging thoughts in the mind of an English teacher. In consonance with the desire for sharing, the paper often resorts to a personal and intimate style. It argues for an interdisciplinary approach and indispensable interfacing between teaching language and literature. The paper proposes that decolonizing English teaching takes different forms in different social contexts. It contends that, in India, English language teaching should be oriented towards reaching the grassroots learners to fulfill the project of decolonizing at present. In literature, it is argued, that native literature should be given prominence, and the texts in English translations can be used to counteract colonial alienation. Offering a critique of double linguistic hegemony of English and Sanskrit, the paper argues that the teachers of English have a responsibility in rehabilitating native or regional literature. It is suggested that a paradigm shift in the importance given to translations is needed in carrying out the decolonizing project.
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Rozman, Julija. "Literary Translation as an Instrument of Slovenian Cultural Diplomacy with Particular Regard to Translations in German." Acta Neophilologica 55, no. 1-2 (December 14, 2022): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.55.1-2.323-339.
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The article discusses translation policy in Slovenia as part of the country’s cultural diplomacy. Translations of Slovenian literature, especially into German and English, are among the goals of the country’s cultural policy, in part because of Slovenia’s upcoming role as Guest of Honour at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2023. The article analyses the role of the financial support for and promotion of translations from Slovenian into foreign languages by the Slovenian Book Agency and the Trubar Foundation. The study of subsidies for translations into German, English, French, Italian, Croatian, and Hungarian shows that while the number of subsidies for translations into German and English is high, as expected, Croatian takes the leading role among the target languages studied. This underscores the importance of the still-vibrant social and political ties stemming from the historical context of Yugoslavia. In addition to the crucial role of subsidies in exporting literature from a peripheral language such as Slovenian, the translation process and the promotion of literature depend to a considerable extent on other market actors-as the interviews with three literary experts showed.