Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Haute concentration'
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L'Écuyer-Coelho, Hélène. "Développement d'un procédé pour la culture à haute concentration de cellules végétales." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0009/MQ60902.pdf.
Full textSahnoun, Mohamed Aymen. "Contribution à la modélisation et au contrôle de trajectoire de Trackers photovoltaïques à haute concentration (HCPV)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0043/document.
Full textThis work focuses on improving the accuracy and on reducing the cost of the tracker generating trajectory strategy, in order to maximize the production and to reduce the installation and the maintenance cost of a solar tracker orienting high concentrated photovoltaic modules (HCPV). Initially, we propose a behavioral modeling of the HCPV module mounted on a dual axis tracker in order to study the influence of the tracking performance on the module power production. Then, this simulator can be used to test control strategies and to compare their performance. Firstly, a classical control strategy is implemented in the simulator. It is based on a hybrid control operating an astronomical calculation to follow the sun path, and a sun sensor to correct the tracking error. A sensorless strategy is proposed in this work to reduce the cost of the HCPV tracker control. This strategy is based on a gradient optimization algorithm to generate the tracker trajectory and to catch the sun path. Tested on the simulator, this strategy presents the same accuracy as the classical strategy while being less costly. The last study proposed in this thesis work concerns maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, in order to respond to a given problem relating to the practical implementation of gradient algorithm. In this context, we propose an original optimization of the P&O MPPT control with a neural network algorithm leading to a significant reduction of the computational cost required to train it. This approach, which is ensuring a good compromise between accuracy and complexity is sufficiently fast to not affect the quality of the evaluation of the gradient
Gremion, Carine. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'absorbeurs sélectifs platine-alumine pour le solaire thermique à concentration à haute température." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0043/document.
Full textDeveloping new absorber material for solar thermal power is a key step in the enhancement of renewable energies. The current working temperature of the absorber in power plant is too low (450°C) and must be raised to at least 650°C to enhance the yield of the plant. New absorber materials must be developed, to resist such high temperatures for many years, without losing their optical selectivity. Multilayer composite materials show promising results, especially platinum-alumina multilayer because of their good thermal stability. The aim of this PhD was to develop an absorber presenting a good solar absorption and to study the degradation mechanisms taking place during the aging at 650°C in air. Therefore, we studied the platinum-alumina multilayer. We used optical simulation to optimize the structure of our absorber. Then we realized these structures by magnetron sputtering and we performed optical characterizations to verify the optical selectivity. Values of absorption and emissivity of α=0.95 and ε=0.18 were obtained. At that point, we performed aging tests on our absorbers to study the degradation mechanisms taking place during aging at 650°C and to find ways to avoid those degradations in future applications
Stienon, Alexandre. "Contribution à la modélisation de la durée de vie des roulements à partir des caractéristiques inclusionnaires des aciers : concentration, morphologie, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0046/these.pdf.
Full textDespite important efforts made by steel makers to improve the cleanliness of steel, inclusions are still present in steel and produce spallings when placed in subsurface of bearings. For any steel makers, being able to predict the lifetime of bearings from the inclusion characteristics of the steel is a major challenge. Most of the existing models only take into account part of the inclusions characteristics. The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to take into account the most important characteristics (concentrations, size distributions, morphological and mechanical characteristics). To create this new model, an approach based on both characterization and modelling has been used. X-ray micro-tomography has for the first time been applied to the detailed morphological characterization of inclusions. The mechanical properties of these inclusions have been investigated by nano-indentation. Concentrations and size distributions have been obtained thanks to high frequency ultrasounds. All these data have then been used for the modelling. The developed model is based on the calculations of stress fields by finite element method. These calculations have permitted to obtain the stress concentrations produced by the inclusions and the size of the region where plastic strain occurs, in which dislocations accumulate and initiate fatigue cracks. Propagation of these cracks up to the surface has then been modelled by Paris laws. For stringers, an additional stress concentration factor has been introduced in order to take into account the interactions between constitutive inclusions. Once this done, a Monte-Carlo method has been used to virtually distribute inclusions in batches of simulated bearings, in accordance with the concentrations, size distribution and other characteristics obtained experimentally. The free parameters of the model have then been adjusted until a good coherence between numerical predictions and experimental results has been obtained. Consequently, it is now functional and can be used as a good tool to predict lifetime of bearing and optimize the elaborating conditions of steel in relation with the sought applications
Ghysels, Mélanie. "Mesures in-situ à haute résolution par spectrométrie laser de CH4, CO2 et H2O dans l’atmosphère moyenne sous ballons météoroligiques." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS027/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the development of laser spectrometers dedicated to in-situ measurements of CH4, CO2 et H2O in the middle atmosphere. It includes the development of the prototypes, the associated spectroscopy, the concentration data retrieval as well as the first balloon campaigns. The first part of the thesis describes the scientific framework and it further gives a state of art of the instrumental field. The second part gives the results from a spectroscopic study on the R(6) manifold of CH4 at 3.24µm and on the R18e and R20e lines of CO2 at 2.68µm in order to allow an accurate concentration retrieval. The third part details the development of the PicoSDLA-CH4 spectrometer dedicated to the in-situ measurements of CH4 at 3.24µm, using a difference frequency generation (DFG) laser source, and the development of PicoSDLA-CO2, a sensor dedicated to measurements of CO2 at 2.68µm using antimonide laser diodes. Both spectrometers were involved in three balloon campaigns in 2010, 2011 and 2012; the results are presented in the fourth part of the thesis
Vahanian, Elina. "Développement de couches antireflets à base de nanoparticules de silice pour des systèmes photovoltaïques à haute concentration." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28212.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to focus on the research and development of an antireflective coating (ARC) to coat surfaces with specific structuration (not plane). The surfaces in question are those of optical components used in high concentrating photovoltaic (HCPV) systems. This project has been initiated by Opsun Technologies Inc. after they were experiencing reflection phenomena when the concentrating optical components were added in the system. Indeed, to concentrate light on a photovoltaic (PV) cell, it is essential to use a lens (Fresnel lens). Furthermore, to ensure reception of all the incident wavelengths, a second optical component is added in the HCPV system. It can be assimilated to a waveguide, which is aimed to homogenize the rays. More importantly, it has the property to increase the angular aperture of the received light (±3.2° instead of the usual ±0,5° à ±1°). Thus, adding this second optical component, added a reflection phenomenon due to the extra interface, preventing the component to be used for its initial property. The aim of this project is thus to produce an ARC and coat these surfaces with a specific method, the whole processes must be industrializable at the same time. Hence, a first step was aimed to investigate different existing ARC production and coating methods that can correspond to our required properties. Classical ARC production methods have quickly been considered as non-eligible, therefore new methods have been explored such as nanostructured (NS) ARC or coatings based on nanoparticles (NP). In a second part of the work, a NS (kindly provided by the Fraunhofer institute), was studied in laboratory conditions, to know its optical properties (transmission, reflection, scattering). Afterwards, it was introduced in the HCPV system to get real-time studies of the electrical performance. The NS did show an increase in the optical transmission, on the whole wavelength ranges we are interested in (350-1500nm), which increased from 91,6% (without AR) up to 98,7% , which resulted in a direct increase of the electrical performance of the HCPV that was about 5%. Anyways, the NS is still a method developed and used on a laboratory level and requires a lot of specific production conditions, increasing its final coast (see Appendix 8.1). Thus, it was decided that coatings based on NP needed also to be investigated. A third step of this work was then to produce ARC based on silica NP using a well-known production method, which is the sol-gel process. The obtained NP were then deposed by a homemade dip coating (DC) method on glass and PMMA slides and their optical properties were studied (on a wavelength band varying from 380 to 1500nm). In this case, we also noticed an increase in the transmission, which was totally dependent on the ARC thicknesses. Indeed, a shift of the maximum transmission towards higher wavelengths was observed when the ARC thickness increased. It is important to mention that, even though a certain transmission increase on the considered wavelengths was obtained, a maximum increase on a specific wavelength (in the visible wavelengths, from 400nm to 800nm) band was observed for each ARC (or thickness). Those maximum transmissions of the different ARC, when compared, showed an increase from 92,1% (without AR) up to 99,2% depending on the ARC thickness. When the ARC were added in the HCPV system, the response of the electrical performance did not increase gradually, depending of the increase of the coating thickness, which was our expectation. Instead, it reached a maximum for a specific thickness (around 130nm (ARC4 in Chapitre 3)), before it decreased when higher thicknesses were used. The maximum electrical output value obtained has been found to be comparable to the results obtained using the NS (5%). This phenomenon can be explained by the specific properties of the PV cells (multijunction (MJ), see Chapitre 3 for the explanation). Thus, for a specific PV cell a specific ARC can be produced to optimize the electrical yield of the HCPV system, depending on the conditions they are used in. An ultimate step consisted in the environmental testing (accelerated tests) of our obtained ARC, to have information about their resistance in terms of mechanical deterioration, temperature and UV variation, for the same lifetime warranty of CPV systems. The results obtained showed a decrease of the ARC efficiency that was about 3% at the end of the temperature tests and a 1,5% variation of the transmission was observed after the UV tests for small wavelengths (< 500nm). This is relatively low compared to the warranty of CPV system efficiencies that are expected to decrease about 20% in 25 year lifetime.
Vrinat, Mathieu. "Contribution au développement d’un absorbeur surfacique à air pressurisé haute température pour centrale solaire à concentration à tour." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1030.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis, carried out in partnership between LITEN-LETH laboratory at CEA of Grenoble and CNRS-PROMES laboratory in Odeillo, was to contribute to the development of a high temperature pressurized air metallic surface absorber technology for hybrid solar gas turbine tower (HSGT). An objective of 750°C for the outlet air temperature has been settled. The envisaged absorber is relying on technological breakthroughs in the field of high temperature compact heat exchangers. Two technologies have been selected subsequently to a literature review : the Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger technology (PCHE) proposed by the manufacturer Heatric, and an innovative technology developed internally at LITEN. Thermal hydraulic simulations were carried out to understand the behavior of each technology under a high concentrated solar flux and to determine respective performances (determination of thermal hydraulic correlations) and limitations. A 10 kWth absorber mock up has been designed and manufactured for each technology. It was then experimentally characterized under high concentrated solar flux (up to 400 kW/m²). The PCHE mock up produced air at outlet temperature up to 800 ° C with an experimental heat transfer coefficient of 2300 W/m². K The LITEN mock up, despite a wall temperature limited to 600°C, heated the air up to 488°C with good thermal performances reaching 1300 W/m². K. The results obtained during this PhD work resulted in the recommendation of a technology and in the design of a solar absorber module intended to integrate the futur air solar receiver Mini Pegase, within the french research program called Pegase on the Themis solar site in Targassonne
Besson, Pierre. "Compréhension des comportements électrique et optique des modules photovoltaïques à haute concentration, et développement d’outils de caractérisations adaptés." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI013/document.
Full textThe goal of this doctoral thesis is to bring answers to a better understanding of the electrical and optical behavior of CPV modules, under different operating conditions. In the first part, a study on module performance under real conditions is presented. Using an outdoor automated test bench, the sensitivity of four different CPV module technologies to most operating conditions relevant to CPV systems has been studied, namely DNI, spectrum, cell and lens temperature and clearness of the sky. In order to isolate the influence of a single operation parameter, the analysis of outdoor monitoring data from one month to two years is performed. The results show how the optical design influences the sensitivity of the electrical parameters to the mentionned operating conditions. The effect of lens temperature on cell current has been found to be maximum for the CPV module without Secondary Optical Element. Also the $V_{oc}$ thermal coefficient was found to vary between module technologies. Finally, the important variations of the fill factor for one technology underlines the need of studying non-uniformities effects on the cell performance. According to the results observed outdoors, an indoor tool was developed in order to uncorrelate outdoor parameters. A test bench that measures multi-spectral irradiance profiles, through CMOS imaging and bandpass filters in conjunction with electrical $IV$ curves, is used as a mean to visualize and characterize the effects of chromatic aberrations and nonuniform flux profiles under controllable testing conditions. The bench allows decoupling the temperatures of the Primary Optical Element and cell allowing the analyze of their respective effects on optical and electrical performance. In varying the temperature of the Primary Optical Element, the effects on electrical efficiency, focal distance, spectral sensitivity, acceptance angle, or multi-junction current matching profiles can be quantified. Calibration procedures and validation process are detailed. Finally, the developed testbench is used for analyzing the behvaior of three different CPV devices : one without Secondary Optical Element, and two with different Secondary Optical Elements. The impacts of cell position and lens temperature on the cell performance are quantified optically and electrically. The results show how these parameters modify the current density distribution of the subcells, and hence the electrical behavior of the device. They underline more specifically how spectral and spatial non-uniformities affect the cell performance for the different devices. The device without SOE shows a strong sensitivity to lens temperature and POE-cell distance, that will correspond to a decrease of energy production under real conditions of operation
Modica, Vincent. "Développement d'une mesure quantitative de concentration d'espèces dopées par fluorescence induite par laser : application aux conditions moteur." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066068.
Full textPaquette, Bernard. "Croissance de matériaux et structures semiconductrices appliqués aux cellules photovoltaïques à très haute concentration par épitaxie par jets chimiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6073.
Full textMabille, Loïc. "Vers la compréhension des mécanismes de dégradation et de vieillissement des assemblages photovoltaïques pour des applications sous haute concentration." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985464.
Full textJAKO, ANDRE. "Analyse de traces de composes organiques dans l'eau : application a la concentration et au dosage d'un compose organique par une methode hplc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15095.
Full textSteinbacher, Sybille. ""Musterstadt" Auschwitz : Germanisierung und Judenmord in Ostoberschlesien /." München : K.G. Saur, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37632344x.
Full textPayan, Sébastien. "Restitution de profils verticaux de concentration des constituants minoritaires de la stratosphere a partir de spectres infrarouges a haute resolution enregistres sous ballon." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066321.
Full textMiftah, El Khair Zineb. "Spectrométrie laser de très haute compacité pour la mesure sous ballons de CH4, CO2 dans la troposphère et la stratosphère." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS033.
Full textIn the first place, I developed a code based on the example given in the laboratory. I had the opportunity to apply my program by participating in the in situ measurement campaign called StratoScience 2015, located in Canada. During this campaign, we also made some comparisons of Amulse with other CH4 and CO2 measurement instruments such as PicoSDLA, Picarro and AirCore. As matter of fact, it was a very rewarding experience and a first test for Amulse. From the results of this first flight, we decide to add some improvements on both sides: the instrumental and the process data part. Instrumentally, some changes has been required note only on the intelligence of the instrument including acquisition and storage but also on the optical part. Besides, the process data needs also some changes which include baseline and the determination of the spectral line. In fact, I try to apply several methods to get a good fit and therefore a good concentration. To this end, my current work is mainly focusing on improving my program for better vertical profile, because it will be used later in my publication on the measurement of methane. In the same context, I made a first calibration in the laboratory of Amulse CH4 laser sensor and preparing a second one. In addition, I developed another code for Stratéole 2 project which will last two months. I’ll also do the process data of the new dual laser sensor APOGEE (CH4 and CO2), which is scheduled for June in Toulouse. At last, I recently participate in the EGU congress in Vienna and in the near future, I will participate in a new campaign of in situ measurement in Kiruna with both sensors: PicoSDLA, and APOGEE Amulse
Campredon, Mylène. "Etude par R.M.N. multi-impulsionnelle haute résolution des associations de deux sels biliaires, cholate et désoxycholate de sodium dans D2O et CD3OD à faible concentration." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375962300.
Full textDomingues, Eric. "Mesure des concentrations de OH dans des flammes haute pression par fluorescence induite par laser (TOPLIF) et par mélange dégénéré à quatre ondes." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES057.
Full textRoussel, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la propagation d'une onde de concentration alcaline issue d'une matrice cimentière à travers l'argilite du site du Laboratoire Meuse Haute-Marne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL578N.
Full textNasri, Ridha. "Conception et réalisation d'un adaptateur haute impédance programmable : epplication à la caractérisation de liquides magnétiques." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4014.
Full textMasson, Philippe. "Étude d'écrans supraconducteurs à haute température critique massifs. Application à la réalisation d'une machine électrique de conception originale." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119753.
Full textde calcul que nous avons minimisé en appliquant une méthode de régularisation. Nous avons dimensionné et réalisé un inducteur modèle qui a ainsi permis de vérifier l'efficacité de la structure ainsi que les outils de calcul développés.
Mora-Paiba, Daniel. "Clustering and settling dynamics of inertial particles under turbulence." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALI044.pdf.
Full textTurbulent particle laden flows are widespread in industrial applications, and natural phenomena. Over the last decades, two observations: preferential concentration, and particle settling velocity modification have stood out as the most relevant consequences of such particle - turbulence interactions. Given the complexity of the problem, this work is composed of four work packages.The first package involves a pitfall analysis of the Vorono"{i} tessellation method, which is widely used to quantify preferential concentration. We found some pitfalls that compromise the results of the analysis using uni-dimensional records. In addition, we propose a new method to disentangle turbulence driven clusters from random spatial fluctuations, a common problem reported by other researchers.The second package involve the analysis of the carrier phase turbulence in our wind tunnel facility. In this regard, we conjecture that the different turbulence generators (active, open, and passive grids) do change the turbulence cascade, and thereby, they could impact the particles preferential concentration and settling behavior. To this aim, we have analysed active grid generated flows, and found that an active grid left open (with minimum blockage) exhibits scalings similar to those found in fractal grids. Moreover, The integral length scale could not be easily computed for active grid generated flows using triple random protocols due to the behavior of the autocorrelation function in such flows, which does not cross zero. We propose a new method to tackle this problem which could be easily applied in a myriad of situations.The third package consist of estimating the turbulent dissipation rate on the carrier phase due to the particle presence. By means of an extension of the Rice theorem, which relates the Taylor length scale with the average distance between zero crossings, we have proposed a method to estimate the carrier phase turbulence in the presence of particles. This method uses particle datasets recorded by phase doppler interferometry. Our results are consistent with previous experiments, and numerical simulations.The fourth package refers to the particle settling modification. We found that the Taylor Reynolds number Re_lambda is the leading order contributor the particles settling modification: at increasing values of Re_lambda the settling velocity of the particles is reduced. Also, at increasing values of Re_lambda the boundaries between positive, and negative particle settling modification shifts to smaller values of the Rouse number Ro=V_T/u
Aulagner, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés diélectriques de films minces de polyfluorure de vinylidène et de polypropylène chargés d'une céramique à haute permittivité relative." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4002.
Full textKazakov, Serguei. "A la recherche de nouveaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique dans le système Sr-K-Bi-O." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10169.
Full textCalzavara, Yoann. "Liens entre évolution structurale et propriétés physiques de fluides autour de leur point critique par absorption X et diffusion X aux petits angles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10086.
Full textPushkareva, Irina. "Évolution microstructurale d'un acier Dual Phase. Optimisation de la résistance à l'endommagement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL084N/document.
Full textIn the automotive industry current environmental concerns require that the vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions should be reduced as much as possible. It is therefore advantageous to reduce the weight of body in white components by replacing existing parts with higher strength, thinner gauge alternatives with equivalent or improved functional properties. Dual Phase (DP) steels are a class of high-strength low-alloy steels characterized by a microstructure consisting of martensite and ferrite. Dual Phase steels combine high strength levels with good ductility. Thus, DP steels are potentially very attractive for the automobile industry. In addition to the required high strength and ductility, DP steel has to be cold formed into complex shapes. It appears that DP steel damage behaviour is very complex and cannot be predicted using existing models based on standard mechanical properties. This work is concerned with the study of microstructural evolution and investigation of the relation between the microstructure and damage mechanisms in a reference DP 780 steel. Two damage mechanisms have been identified in this DP steel: ferrite/martensite interface decohesion and void formation at tempered carbides. A simple modeling for qualitative description of the observed damage formation mechanisms is proposed. This modeling permits a basic understanding of the experimentally observed trends and could be used as the starting point for a more detailed analysis in future
Sarah, Guillaume. "Caractérisation de la composition et de la structure des alliages argent-cuivre par ICP-MS avec prélèvement par ablation laser : application au monnayage carolingien." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391932.
Full textLes monnaies d'argent des premiers souverains carolingiens sont les premières à avoir bénéficié des avancées analytiques permises par l'application de la méthode LA-ICP-MS aux échantillons de ce type. L'évolution du titre d'argent de pièces frappées entre 751 et 864 a été étudiée, et corrélée aux données numismatiques et historiques. Des spécificités régionales ou locales du point de vue de la pureté des alliages monétaires ont été observées. L'examen des teneurs en éléments mineurs et traces caractéristiques, susceptibles de témoigner de mélanges ou de mouvements de stocks de métaux précieux, a mis en évidence des particularités de l'argent frappé par certains ateliers monétaires, en particulier celui de Venise.
Visentin, Jonathan. "Propriétés des anticorps anti-HLA en transplantation d'organes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0038/document.
Full textIgG HLA antibodies are a cause of graft loss in organ transplantation. The single antigen flow beadsassays (SAFB) are the most precise and sensitive assays to identify donor specific HLA antibodies(DSA) in recipient’s sera. Their semi-quantitative readout, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), is notperfectly associated with graft outcomes, which could be due to several factors.Firstly, we showed that class I SAFB frequently detects denatured class I HLA antibodies which areunable to bind cell surface and then are clinically irrelevant, while they actually impact the access to atransplant. Their identification was performed through SAFB acid-treatment and a modified SAFBassay, the iBeads®. They had a high reliability and a good concordance, but the acid-treatment assaycan be put at fault in a few cases whereas iBeads® appeared slightly less sensitive than classicalSAFB. Secondly, we deciphered the complement interference phenomenon: high MFI level IgG HLAantibodies activate the complement cascade at bead surface, leading to the deposition of C4 and C3degradation products which are able to reduce IgG HLA antibodies detection. We also demonstratedthat IgM HLA antibodies interfere with IgG detection through competition for the epitope, allosterichindrance and complement activation. Thirdly, we demonstrated that the detection of DSA with SAFB in lung biopsy eluates, proving that theDSA interact with the graft, was a risk factor for graft loss. We further developed a capture system insurface plasmon resonance allowing the concentration and affinity of HLA antibodies to bedetermined, which could allow the way that the DSA interact with the graft to be studied
Zagolski, Francis. "Evaluation des concentrations chimiques d'un couvert forestier à l'aide de la haute résolution spectrale." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30082.
Full textAmsallem, Franck. "Etude des concentrations plasmatiques de la Clomipramine chez les sujets douloureux chroniques." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P069.
Full textMallick, Dwaipayan. "Hydrogen behavior in first and second generation of advanced high strength steels." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI052.
Full textAdvanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) are increasingly used as fabrication material for vehicle Body In White (BIW), owing to their superior properties and ability to reduce carbon footprint. However, its susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) restricts the use of AHSS. The present study aims to understand the H influence on four commercial-grade AHSS steels, two Dual Phase (DP), one Complex Phase (CP), and one Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel. Results show high HE susceptibility for DP and TWIP steel compared to CP steel. The superior HE resistance in CP steel was attributed to a more homogeneous microstructure, smaller yet stronger trap density, and lower H concentration. In DP steels, a high density of weak traps and high H uptake increased HE susceptibility. During charging, H preferentially adsorbed along the grain boundaries and interfaces for all steels along with grain interior in TWIP steels. Dislocations and grain boundaries were the main trap sites for all steels, along with cementite particles in CP steels and AlN particles and austenitic grain interior in TWIP steels. For all steels under stress, hydrogen desorption increased up to yield point due to lattice expansion and dislocation movement, whereas decreased in the plastic region due to defect generation. For CP steel, strongly trapped hydrogen desorbed at UTS whereas in TWIP steel, generation of deformation twinning released hydrogen. The study of the galvanized layer showed that at higher cathodic overpotential, the Zn layer behaved as a barrier layer protecting the steel, while at a lower potential, it increased the HE susceptibility due to Zn layer dissolution. Overall, CP steel was the most resistant steel to HE, followed by TWIP and DP steels
Zeitouny, Joya. "Advanced strategies for ultra-high PV efficiency." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0056.
Full textThe maximum efficiency limit attainable with a single-junction PV cell is ~ 33% according to the detailed balance formalism (also known as Shockley-Queisser model), which remains far from the Carnot limit, predicting a solar to electricity efficiency upper value of 93%. The large gap between both limits is due to intrinsic loss mechanisms, including the inefficient conversion of the solar spectrum and the large discrepancy between the solid angles of absorption and emission. To overcome these losses and get closer to the Carnot limit, three different strategies are considered in this thesis: concentrated multi-junction solarcells, the combination of solar concentration and angular confinement, and hybrid PV/CSP systems. Each strategy is inherently limited by several loss mechanisms that degrade their performances. The objective of this thesis is, hence, to better understand the extent to which these strategies are likely to be penalized by these losses, and to tailor the cell properties toward maximizing their efficiencies. To address these questions, a detailed-balance model of PV cell accounting for the main loss mechanisms was developed. A genetic-algorithm optimization tool was also implemented, aiming at exploring the parameter space and identifying the optimal operation conditions. We demonstrate the uttermost importance of tailoring the electronic properties of the materials used with both multi-junction solar cells undergoing significant series resistance losses, and PV cells operating at temperature levels exceeding ambient temperature. We also investigate the extent to which series resistances losses and non-radiative recombination are likely to affect the ability of PV cells simultaneously submitted to concentrated sunlight and angular restriction of the light emitted by band-to-band recombination
Antunes, Laurent. "Caractérisation de composites supraconducteurs aléatoires - phases au bismuth/argent : contribution à l'étude des jonctions faibles dans ces matériaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163366.
Full textDeschamps, Jonathan. "Modélisation de la croissance d'Eschscholtzia californica à l'aide d'une plateforme de culture à haute capacité analytique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6171.
Full textSimoes, Diogo Ardaillon. "Croissance d'Escherichia coli à hautes concentrations cellulaires pour la production et l'excrétion d'une protéine hétérologue." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0013.
Full textLeu, Mathilde. "Étude des performances du procédé d'ultrafiltration lors de la concentration d'un lait traité par hautes pressions hydrostatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27781.
Full textIn dairy industry, ultrafiltration (UF) is largely used to produce milk protein concentrates. Recently, it was demonstrated that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) extended shelf-life of milk but decreased the casein micelle size and induced denaturation and aggregation of whey proteins. Therefore, these modifications could negatively impact UF performances. Consequently, this study aims to determine the impact of skim milk pre-treatment by HHP (300 and 600 MPa, 5 min) on UF performances. Firstly, impact of HHP was studied on proteins which composed the colloidal and serum phases. Afterwards, UF was performed in full recycle mode to determine optimal parameters for the concentration mode and to characterize the impact of pressurization on critical and limiting fluxes. Then, pressure-treated milks were ultrafiltrated in concentration mode to evaluate permeate flux decline and fouling phenomenon. It was observed that casein micelle size decreased by 32% and 38% while β-LG denaturation reached 30% and 70% at 300 and 600 MPa during 5 min, respectively. During pressure-treated milk concentration by UF, initial fluxes were 30% lower at 300 and 600 MPa compared to control. Moreover, hydraulic resistance of membrane indicate a significant irreversible deposition for milk treated at 600 MPa. Finally, the characterization of the fouling layer confirmed that casein and β-LG proteins represented major fouling species at membrane surface after UF of pressure-treated milks, especially at 600 MPa. Consequently, our results demonstrated that HPP treatment of skim milk had major negative impact on UF performance and modified the composition of membrane fouling layer.
Ritou, Arnaud. "Développement, fabrication et caractérisation de modules photovoltaïques à concentration à ultra haut rendement à base de micro-concentrateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY059/document.
Full textThe actual trend of CPV is the micro-scaling of modules. A bibliographic study shows that shorter focal length of optics implies less material consumption in manufacturing and an enhanced efficiency of the modules. In this thesis, a double stage refractive micro-concentrator is designed, manufactured and characterized. First, the optical design of the concentrator is based on non-imaging technics. Thus, the profile of the lenses is generated for a single wavelength. Then, a ray tracing simulator is used to optimize the lens profile for the overall solar spectrum and study the concentrator element misalignment effect on the performances.Secondly, a three steps self-assembly process is developed instead of the usual five steps one. Both POE and SOE lenses of our device are molded simultaneously and a mechanical guidance system in the mold ensures the alignment of the micro-concentrator elements (POE, SOE and Cell).Finally, the performances measurements of the manufactured modules are managed in solar simulators in which the lightening condition are previously studied and validated. Comparing the bare cells efficiency with the module efficiency, the cell-to-module ratio (CTM) represents the overall losses in the module. Further experiments are managed to quantify each loss of the module. The manufactured and characterized micro-concentrator is a 1000X concentrating ratio with 0.6 x 0.6mm² triple junction cells. It efficiency is 29% with a 70% CTM. Finally, the loss chain study reveals that the three steps self-assembly process is reliable
Rodriguez, Delphy. "Caractérisation de la pollution urbaine en Île-de-France par une synergie de mesures de surface et de modélisation fine échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS341.
Full textThe harmful effects of air pollution need a high-resolution concentration estimate. Ambient pollutant concentrations are routinely measured by surface monitoring sites of local agencies (AIRPARIF in Paris area, France). Such networks are not dense enough to represent the strong horizontal gradients of pollutant concentrations over urban areas. And, high-resolution models that simulate 3D pollutant concentration fields have a large spatial coverage but suffer from uncertainties. Those both information sources exploited independently are not able to accurately assess an individual’s exposure. We suggest two approaches to solve this problem : (1) direct pollution measurement by using low cost mobile sensors and reference instruments. A high variability across pollution levels is shown between microenvironments and also in the same room. Mobile sensors should be deployed on a large scale due to their technical constraints. Reference instruments are very expensive, cumbersome, and can only be used occasionally. (2) by combining concentration fields of the Parallel Micro-SWIFT-SPRAY (PMSS) model over Paris at a horizontal resolution of 3 meters with AIRPARIF local ground stations measurements. We determined “representativeness areas” - perimeter where concentrations are very close to the one of the station location – only from PMSS simulations. Next, we developed a Bayesian model to extend the stations measurements within these areas
André, Christophe. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure de fluctuations de concentration par spectroscopie de fluorescence à hautes résolutions spatiale et temporelle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL079N.
Full textBoukil, Abir. "Étude des performances du procédé d'ultrafiltration lors de la concentration d'hydrolysats trypsiques de β-lactoglobuline prétraitée par hautes pressions hydrostatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29625.
Full textEnzymatic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) generates a large amount of peptide species including some bioactive peptides.However, the stepof protein hydrolysis can be improved by decreasing the digestion time while increasing the peptide yield. Several studies focused on the use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to improve the denaturationof the native β-LG structure and thus to accelerate its enzymatic hydrolysis and yieldof bioactive peptides.Nevertheless, HHP is reported to affect the resulting peptide profiles by modifying hydrophobic/hydrophilic peptides ratiowhich may negatively affect the performance of ultrafiltration (UF) used to fractionate and concentrate bioactive peptides.Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the performances of UF forthe filtration of tryptic hydrolysates generated after pre-pressurization ofβ-LGat 400 and 600 MPafor10min.After hydrolysate fractionation by UF in total recirculation modeand concentration modes, it has been demonstrated that β-LGpre-pressurization at 400 MPainduced the recovery ofhigher peptide relative abundance in the hydrolysates, including several bioactive peptides (VAGTWY and ALPMHIR), compared to other conditions(0.1 and 600 MPa).At the same time, permeate fluxes were 31% lower at 400 MPa. Characterization of peptide desorbedfrom UF membranes has shown that the antihypertensive peptide (ALPMHIR) was identified as the main fouling peptide.However, other negatively charged peptides were specifically identified at 400 MPa, including VAGTWY (an antioxidant and antidiabetic peptide). Consequently, while pre-pressurization of β-LGat400 MPa improved the recoveryof bioactive peptidescompared to other conditions, UF performances were negatively impacteddue to thisHHP pretreatment.
Milon, Nicolas. "Technologie µLAS pour l'analyse et la purification d'ADN de haut poids moléculaire." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0005.
Full textIn forty years only, DNA sequencing technologies triggered a revolution in biological analysis with the beginning of the genomic era. Nevertheless, this booming technological field is still hampered by unmet technological needs for DNA sample preparation and quality control. The most recent third generation sequencing technologies require very long DNA fragments of more than 50,000 base pairs, the manipulation and characterization of which remains a technological challenge. In the prospect of accelerating and improving state of the art protocols for sample preparation, we developed an instrument, based on the µLAS technology that allows the concentration and separation of high molecular weight DNA fragments with high sensitivity. With this technology, we developed a method for the isolation and sequencing of target genomic regions in complex genomes. We report the isolation, the sequencing and the assembly of a locus of 31.5 kb extracted from the genome of the plant Medicago Truncatula. We finally developed a prototype for high molecular weight DNA purification in complex samples, which is based on a size-accordable DNA valve for the size selection in the range 200 – 50,000 bp. In this manuscript we highlighted the relevance of µLAS technology for the analysis and purification of high molecular weight DNA
Jouen, Freddy. "Dosage de la fluphenazine dans les liquides biologiques et étude de l'évolution des concentrations plasmatiques lors d'un traitement par ses differentes formes galéniques." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUE04TP.
Full textGonzalez, Alvaredo Facundo. "Hauts revenus : une perspective historique et fiscale : les cas de l'Espagne, l'Argentine, l'Italie et le Portugal." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0122.
Full textThe evolution of income and wealth inequality during the process of development has attracted enormous attention in the economics literature. A number of recent studies have constructed series for shares of income accruing to upper income groups for various countries using income tax statistics. The book recently edited by Atkinson and Piketty, 2007, where most or' those studies are gathered, is an example of such interest. The countries considered are Anglo-Saxon countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia) and continental European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland). Research has also been done on the experiences of India, Japan, Sweden, Finland, Norway, China and Indonesia. No such study has analyzed Southern European or Latin American countries. This work proposes to start filling this gap by analyzing the experiences of Spain, Portugal, Italy and Argentina over the XXth century
Le, Borgne François. "Développement d'un photobioréacteur solaire intensifié en vue de la production à grande échelle de biomasse microalgale." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2025.
Full textEssalhi, Abdelhafid. "Processus hydrothermaux liés à la zone de faille de Tizi-n'Test : genèse des albitites et des concentrations de barytine dans la région de Taghwacht (Haut-Atlas occidental, Maroc)." Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLE2045.
Full textDubois, Véronique. "Préparation de peptides antimicrobiens à partir de l'hydrolyse enzymatique de deux protéines : l'hémoglobine bovine et l'α-lactalbumine bovine." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5e3ef719-2eae-45e3-8aa5-e9c719abc31b.
Full textBruneau, Denis-Michel. "Sédimentation d'une suspension diluée confinée dans un récipient vertical." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES002.
Full textMéricq, Jean-Pierre. "Approche intégrée du dessalement d’eau de mer : Distillation membranaire sous vide pour la réduction des rejets salins et possibilités de couplage avec l’énergie solaire." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000341/.
Full textThe lack of potable water is still a problem in many countries. Considering the nearly endless water resource in the oceans, seawater desalination is an increasing attractive solution. Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination is the main technology used nowadays. However, RO is limited in recovery factor due to the osmotic pressure which increases with salinity. It results high brine volume rejected directly in seawater which induces environmental perturbations. An innovative approach was proposed in the frame of the European project MEDINA in order to reduce these brines: the use of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in an integrated RO desalination process. Indeed, VMD allows operating at high salt concentration and can be coupled with solar thermal energy in order to reduce energy requirement. The present work consisted in studying use of VMD for highly salty concentrated waters, both for synthetic and real waters (seawater and RO retentate). An experimental approach was used with a lab-scale pilot plant completed by a theorical approach with a modelling tool. Results show the interest of VMD for the overconcentration of RO retentates. Indeed, VMD can be operated at high salt concentration up to 300 g. L-1 maintaining still high permeate fluxes (7 L. H-1. M-2) and nearly pure permeate (salt rejection of 99. 96 %). Brine volumes can so be reduced by 5 and recovery factor increased up to nearly 90 %. Fouling (organic, scaling or bio-fouling) is limited. Salt crystal deposit has been observed and analysed. Precipitation mechanisms have been proposed, mainly with the crucial part of the calcium. VMD coupling with solar thermal technologies allow an important reduction of the energy requirement. Use of salinity gradient solar ponds and solar thermal collectors have been compared and have shown the potentialities of using solar thermal collector in order to obtain high temperatures and so high permeate fluxes
Sonntag, Jan. "Three essays in applied microeconomics : of norms and networks." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0020.
Full textThis dissertation revolves around two wider topics: social norms and production networks. The first chapter investigates a specific modern-day case study where social norms are leveraged in the fight against online hate speech to shed light on how norms shape political behavior more broadly. Using machine learning techniques, I show that speaking out against hateful views is an effective way of deterring further hate speech. The mechanism that most likely explains this effect is that vociferous contradiction in fact serves as a form of non-monetary punishment that raises the salience of a social norm. The second chapter focuses on the crucial role of image concerns in explaining the effect of social norms on behavior. While there are now plenty of studies showing that image concerns affect people on average, we still know very little about which individuals specifically drive that effect. I introduce a novel laboratory experiment designed to fill this gap. It generates an individual-specific measure of image concern, shows that there is substantial heterogeneity even in a small laboratory sample, and investigates how it correlates with other social preferences. The final chapter of my thesis focuses on production networks and in particular on vertical integration. Vertical integration give rise to anticompetitive behavior or indeed be a motive for it. I discuss one such mechanism, called vertical foreclosure, by which vertically integrating firms disrupt the supply of critical inputs to competitors. I leverage novel production network data to identify mergers and acquisitions between vertically related firms and show taht these mergers affect the supply chains of their rivals, which I interpret as evidence for foreclosure
Bordet, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude structurale de séries de composés supraconducteurs ou magnétiques : les stannures de terres rares et métaux précieux et les cuprates supraconducteurs à hautes températures." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10003.
Full textNgye, Alain Patrick Patou. "Domination personnelle et élite politique au Gabon (1968-2009)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40034.
Full textThe present thesis lights the intelligibility of gabonese political regime under OMAR BONGO (1968-2009). More precisely, it notices that personal domination and elitist analysis are two supplementary approaches in the understanding of politics in Gabon and in sub-Saharan Africa. It shows with this effect that OMAR BONGO could not count that on itself to stay in power during almost half a century. He must also have leaned on a group of actors, called political elite, of which the organization and functioning being imprinted by its personal power. Indeed, access to this elite was governed by clientelism and nepostism, two reports of exchange which OMAR BONGO had established in principle of management of the upper personnel of the State. The first allowed him to build up clients able of working on the instructions or in an autonomous manner in his political longevity. Because of that, the actors who composed these clients were endowed to each of a capital of various resources which they activated and made bear fruit in order to help him to keep its scepter. The promotion of this capital to OMAR BONGO led them besides to devote themselves a persevered conflict. As for nepotism, it brought to OMAR BONGO to make members of its official family and those of its semiofficial family his close collaborators in the government, the presidential administration and the PDG, the party in power. Policy of affection, it allowed him so to have a more important hold on political elite and on State apparatus. Because, by making of his power a family business, OMAR BONGO knew how he will count on actors among whom fidelity and determination would be also a trump for his political longevity