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Journal articles on the topic 'Hawaii Volcanoes National Park'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

KIM, ALICE, and NICOLE C. LAUTZE. "TOURISTS PLAY WITH LAVA AND VOLCANIC HEAT: KĪLAUEA VOLCANO’S EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS TO HAWAI‘I’S TOURISM INDUSTRY." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.244.

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ABSTRACT Kīlauea Volcano has attracted visitors to Hawai‘i throughout the history of Hawai‘i’s tourism industry. From the 1870s to the 1910s, Kīlauea offered the experience of using volcanic heat and molten lava to cook food, melt postcards onto cavern walls, enflame items, and obtain souvenirs including scorched postcards, rocks, olivine, and Pele’s hair. Writers shared their experiences in publications, and traveling presentations showed American audiences images of visitors scorching postcards at Kīlauea. Marketing campaigns on the U.S. Mainland promoted Hawai‘i as a tourist destination and promoted cooking with Kīlauea’s heat. In 1907, U.S. Congressmen toured Kīlauea Caldera, ate dinner cooked with Kīlauea’s heat, and learned about Kīlauea’s geodiversity. These experiences likely influenced Congress to establish the Kīlauea, Haleakalā, and Mauna Loa Volcanoes as the Hawaii National Park (now known as the Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park). Today, the U.S. National Park Service maintains the Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, and it offers geological, biological, and cultural resources for recreation and education. For destination marketing, Kīlauea provided Hawai‘i a comparative advantage for tourism.

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C. Hess, Steven, Heidi Hansen, Daniel Nelson, Roberta Swift, and Paul C. Banko. "Diet of Feral Cats in Hawai?i Volcanoes National Park." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 4 (2007): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070244.

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We documented the diet of feral cats by analysing the contents of 42 digestive tracts from Kilauea and Mauna Loa In Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Small mammals, invertebrates, and birds were the most common prey types consumed by feral cats. Birds occurred in 27.8?29.2% of digestive tracts. The total number of bird, small mammal, and invertebrate prey differed between Kilauea and Mauna Loa. On Mauna Loa, significantly more (89%) feral cats consumed small mammals, primarily rodents, than on Kilauea Volcano (50%). Mice (Mus musculus) were the major component of the feral cat diet on Mauna Loa, whereas Orthoptera were the major component of the diet on Kilauea. We recovered a mandible set, feathers, and bones of an endangered Hawaiian Petrel (Plerodroma sandwichensis) from a digestive tract from Mauna Loa. This specimen represents the first well-documented endangered seabird to be recovered from the digestive tract of a feral cat in Hawai'i and suggests that feral cats prey on this species.

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Matson, Pamela. "Plant-soil interactions in primary succession at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Oecologia 85, no. 2 (December 1990): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00319408.

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Johnson, M. Tracy, Pingjun Yang, John T. Huber, and Vincent P. Jones. "Egg Parasitoids of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Biological Control 22, no. 1 (September 2001): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.0946.

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5

Michaud, Jon-Pierre, Dmitry Krupitsky, John S. Grove, and Bruce S. Anderson. "Volcano Related Atmospheric Toxicants in Hilo and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Implications for Human Health." NeuroToxicology 26, no. 4 (August 2005): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2004.12.004.

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6

Bruch, Kimberly Mann, Hans-Werner Braun, and Susan Teel. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Live Interactive Virtual Explorations Involving a Hard-to-Reach Native American Earth Lodge and a Pacific Island Volcanoes Site." Journal of Interpretation Research 16, no. 1 (April 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721101600105.

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For several years, National Park Service scientists, historians, and educators have been working with National Science Foundation-funded High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) researchers on developing, implementing, and evaluating Live Interactive Virtual Explorations (LIVE) at several sites. The LIVE activities utilize computers with headsets and microphones to link National Park Service sites with an array of audiences. The two case studies in this paper examine the effectiveness of LIVE activities that allow Washington, DC, inner-city youth to explore two hard-to-reach National Park Service sites: Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site in North Dakota and the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

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Varga, Timothy A., and Gregory P. Asner. "HYPERSPECTRAL AND LIDAR REMOTE SENSING OF FIRE FUELS IN HAWAII VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK." Ecological Applications 18, no. 3 (April 2008): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1280.1.

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8

Vitousek, Peter M., Lawrence R. Walker, Louis D. Whiteaker, and Pamela A. Matson. "Nutrient limitations to plant growth during primary succession in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Biogeochemistry 23, no. 3 (1993): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023752.

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9

Moniz Nakamura, Jadelyn J. "Hominid Footprints in Recent Volcanic Ash: New Interpretations from Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Ichnos 16, no. 1-2 (January 6, 2009): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940802471001.

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10

Mueller-Dombois, D., and L. D. Whiteaker. "Plants associated with Myrica faya and two other pioneer trees on a recent volcanic surface in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Phytocoenologia 19, no. 1 (September 25, 1990): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/19/1990/29.

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11

Ainsworth, Alison, and J. Boone Kauffman. "Effects of repeated fires on native plant community development at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 8 (2013): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12135.

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Catastrophic fires in wet forest have been highlighted as examples of drivers that overcome community resilience by altering feedback processes such that ecosystems are shifted into alternative, often less-desirable stable states. Recent successive lava-ignited wildfires, in slow-growing evergreen Myrtaceae-dominated mesic and wet forests at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, provided an ideal opportunity to examine how forest species’ responses differ after single and repeated fires. In mesic (Metrosideros polymorpha–Dicranopteris linearis) and wet (Metrosideros–Cibotium glaucum) forests, the first fire was stand-replacing where 99% of the dominant overstorey trees (M. polymorpha) were top-killed; however, nearly half of these individuals survived by basal sprouting. The second fire dramatically increased mortality by killing the basal sprouts. Similarly, native tree fern C. glaucum survival was significantly reduced after repeated fires in the wet forest. The composition of the understorey in both communities after repeated fires differed in unexpected ways from once-burned and unburned forests. Repeated fires resulted in lower tree survival and rapid occupation by aggressive herbaceous species, potentially limiting tree growth and recruitment. The expected consequence is that native forest recovery will be delayed or even prevented by feedback processes established post-fire serving to maintain novel treeless alternate states.

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12

Heggie, Travis W., and Tracey M. Heggie. "Viewing Lava Safely: An Epidemiology of Hiker Injury and Illness in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 15, no. 2 (June 2004): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2004)015[0077:vlsaeo]2.0.co;2.

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Heggie, Travis W. "Reported fatal and non-fatal incidents involving tourists in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 1992–2002." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 3 (August 2005): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.09.004.

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14

Michaud, Jene D., Jon-Pierre Michaud, and Dmitry Krupitsky. "Temporal variability in SO2 exposures at Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, USA." Environmental Geology 52, no. 1 (August 29, 2006): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0459-y.

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15

Ainsworth, Alison, and J. Boone Kauffman. "Interactions of Fire and Nonnative Species Across an Elevation/Plant Community Gradient in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Biotropica 42, no. 6 (April 23, 2010): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00636.x.

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16

Aplet, G. H., S. J. Anderson, and C. P. Stone. "Association between feral pig disturbance and the composition of some alien plant assemblages in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Vegetatio 95, no. 1 (August 1991): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00124953.

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17

Vitousek, Peter M. "Potential Nitrogen Fixation During Primary Succession in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park." Biotropica 26, no. 3 (September 1994): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388844.

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18

Martin, J., and L. C. Schuster. "Native Hawaiian Collection, Use, and Management of Plants and Plant Communities within Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park." Ecological Restoration 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.21.4.307.

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19

Ewan, M. ""H2Ride" Fuel Cell Plug-in Shuttle Bus Demonstration Project at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Hydrogen Fueling Demonstration Project on the Big Island of Hawaii." ECS Transactions 71, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07101.0321ecst.

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20

Hamilton, Lawrence S. "International Consultation on Protected Areas in Mountain Environments, held in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Island of Hawaii, USA, during 26 October to 3 November 1991." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 2 (1992): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030782.

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21

Hamilton, Natalia P., Stephanie G. Yelenik, Tara D. Durboraw, Robert D. Cox, and Nathan S. Gill. "Understanding Grass Invasion, Fire Severity, and Acacia koa Regeneration for Forest Restoration in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park." Land 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090962.

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With invasive grasses increasing wildfire occurrence worldwide, a better understanding of the relationships between native plants, fire, and invasive grass is needed to help restoration plans facilitate ecosystem resilience. Invasive grasses are particularly problematic for altering fire regimes in the tropics, yet in Hawaiʻi, restoration sites are often planted with monocultures of the native tree Acacia koa, which can promote grass growth via nitrogen fixation. This, combined with the difficulty of estimating pre-fire grass cover under thick canopies, complicates attempts to restore Hawaiian ecosystems. We studied the 2018 Keauhou Ranch Fire in Hawaiʻi to investigate three questions: (1) at what level of precision can pre-fire grass cover be accurately estimated from oblique aerial photos? (2) how are post-fire A. koa regeneration densities affected by fire severity? and (3) how are post-fire A. koa regeneration densities affected by pre-fire grass cover and its interaction with fire severity? We collected burn severity and post-fire regeneration data from 30 transects stratified across mid-elevation woodland, montane woodland, and montane shrubland communities. We evaluated visual estimates of pre-fire grass cover from oblique aerial imagery with quantitative in situ data from 60 unburned transects of the same cover types. Pre-fire estimates of grass cover categories were 67% accurate in montane woodland (n = 9) and 100% accurate in montane shrubland (n = 11), but only 20% accurate in mid-elevation woodland (n = 10). In montane woodlands with low pre-fire tree densities, A. koa regeneration densities were higher with increased fire severity, but this trend reversed when pre-fire tree densities were high. We detected no effect of pre-fire grass cover, nor its interaction with fire severity, on A. koa regeneration density. This indicates that restoration through the planting of A. koa may be successful in promoting fire-resilient A. koa forest, although there are potential issues to consider regarding the effects that A. koa’s grass promotion may have on other species within the ecosystem.

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Judge, Seth W., Steven C. Hess, Jonathan K. Faford, Dexter Pacheco, and Christina R. Leopold. "Monitoring Eradication of European Mouflon Sheep from the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park." Pacific Science 71, no. 4 (October 2017): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/71.4.3.

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Palupe, Bronson, Christina R. Leopold, Steven C. Hess, Jonathan K. Faford, Dexter Pacheco, and Seth W. Judge. "Changes in habitat use and distribution of mouflon in the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15039.

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European mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon) were introduced to Kahuku Ranch on Hawai‘i Island in 1968 and 1974 for trophy hunting and have been detrimental to the native ecosystem by trampling, bark stripping, and browsing vegetation. In 2003, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park acquired Kahuku Ranch and managers began removing mouflon. The objective of this project was to determine whether hunting has changed the distribution of mouflon in Kahuku, to better understand mouflon behaviour and to expedite eradication efforts. Locations from hunting and GPS telemetry data during 2007–14 were used to determine the effect of hunting on mouflon distribution by examining distance to roads and habitat use. Mouflon seemed to avoid roads after hunting pressure increased and their distribution within vegetation types changed over time. Mouflon without hunting pressure were detected in native shrub habitat in 68% of all observations. Hunted mouflon were encountered less in native shrub habitat and more in other habitats including open forest, closed forest, and areas with no vegetation. These changes suggest that hunting has influenced the distribution of mouflon over time away from native shrub and into other vegetation types where they may be more difficult to control.

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Takahashi, Mami, Thomas W. Giambelluca, Ryan G. Mudd, John K. DeLay, Michael A. Nullet, and Gregory P. Asner. "Rainfall partitioning and cloud water interception in native forest and invaded forest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park." Hydrological Processes 25, no. 3 (December 27, 2010): 448–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7797.

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Judge, Seth, Jill S. Lippert, Kathleen Misajon, Darcy Hu, and Steven C. Hess. "Videographic evidence of endangered species depredation by feral cat." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 4 (2012): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120293.

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Feral cats (Felis catus) have long been implicated as nest predators of endangered ‘Ua‘u (Hawaiian Petrel; Pterodroma sandwichensis) on Hawai‘i Island, but until recently, visual confirmation has been limited by available technology. ‘Ua‘u nest out of view, deep inside small cavities, on alpine lava flows. During the breeding seasons of 2007 and 2008, we monitored known burrows within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Digital infrared video cameras assisted in determining the breeding behaviour and nesting success at the most isolated of burrows. With 7 cameras, we collected a total of 819 videos and 89 still photographs of adult and nestling ‘Ua‘u at 14 burrows. Videos also confirmed the presence of rats (Rattus spp.) at 2 burrows, ‘Ôma‘o (Myadestes obscurus) at 8 burrows, and feral cats at 6 burrows. A sequence of videos showed a feral cat taking a downy ‘Ua‘u chick from its burrow, representing the first direct evidence of ‘Ua‘u depredation by feral cat in Hawai‘i. This technique provides greater understanding of feral cat behaviour in ‘Ua’u colonies, which may assist in the development of more targeted management strategies to reduce nest predation on endangered insular bird species.

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Keith, L. M., T. K. Matsumoto, and F. T. P. Zee. "First Report of Calonectria Leaf Spot on Ohelo in Hawaii." Plant Disease 97, no. 7 (July 2013): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-12-0887-pdn.

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Ohelo, Vaccinium reticulatum (Smith), is an endemic Hawaiian shrub, less than 1 m tall, which grows between 640 and 3,700 m elevation on disturbed volcanic sites on the islands of Maui and Hawaii (3). Ohelo berries are made into jams, jellies, and pie filling and are also a food source for the endemic nene goose, the state bird of Hawaii (3). In the summer of 2010, Ohelo berry plants grown in a greenhouse nursery located in Hilo, Hawaii, exhibited severe disease symptoms including leaf spots, stem lesions, and defoliation. The leaf spots appeared rapidly and were fairly severe. Subsequent field surveys of areas of naturally growing Ohelo within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and along the roadside of Saddle Road were negative. An anamorphic state of Cylindrocladium was consistently isolated from the diseased portions of plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA). To determine the species, single-conidial isolates of the fungus were cultured for 14 days at 25°C under 12 h of light/dark conditions. Conidia were produced on penicillately branched condiophores having a stipe extension of 101.5 to 231.3 × 1.9 to 3.5 μm, terminating in a narrowly clavate vesicle, 2.4 to 3.5 μm. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, three septate, and 58.6 to 77.77 × 4.29 to 5.72 μm. The nucleotide sequence of the partial β-tubulin gene was determined for strain Vr1 and a BLAST analysis of the β-tubulin sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX852715) revealed 99% similarity (337/341 bp) with the sequence of Calonectria pseudocolhounii strain CMW27213 (HQ285789) (1). Based on morphology and molecular sequencing, the fungus was identified as Calonectria irrespective of the teleomorphic stage in accordance with Lombard et al. (2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray inoculating eight Ohelo seedlings and eight Ohelo variety N06-7 (‘Kilauea’) plants with a spore suspension (105 conidia per ml) of one isolate of the pathogen obtained from 14-day-old single-spore colonies grown on PDA at 25°C. Following inoculation, all plants were maintained in plastic bags in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Four plants were used as a control. After 5 to 7 days, foliar symptoms resembling those seen in the nursery were detected on inoculated plants; leaf drop was first observed after day 7. No symptoms were detected on the control plants. The Calonectria sp. was reisolated from the artificially infected tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Calonectria sp. causing disease on Ohelo berry in Hawaii. References: (1) S. F. Chen et al. Persoonia 26:1, 2011. (2) L. Lombard et al. Stud. Mycol. 66:1, 2010. (3) F. Zee et al. F&N-16, May 2011.

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Bartel, L. C., and R. D. Jacobson. "Results of a controlled‐source audiofrequency magnetotelluric survey at the Puhimau thermal area, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 5 (May 1987): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442334.

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The Puhimau thermal area in the Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, has attracted interest because it represents an area with anomalously high heat flow and the heat source may be a shallow magma body. At Puhimau a variety of geophysical data, including heat‐flow measurements, have been acquired. The self‐potential data suggest that the heat source is a result of a magma intrusion which plunges steeply northward. The heat‐flow data can be explained in terms of a shallow, relatively thick magma intrusion with a solidification rate sufficient to supply the surficial heat flow for the period of time since the appearance of the thermal area in 1936. In February of 1984, we performed a controlled‐source audiofrequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) electromagnetic geophysical survey at the Puhimau thermal area to investigate the electrical nature of the thermal anomaly and estimate the depth to any hot water and/or remaining molten magma. The CSAMT survey consisted of several lines of stations where two orthogonal primary‐field transmitting antennas were used. A technique was developed to correct near‐field CSAMT apparent resistivities to plane‐wave values so that plane‐wave analysis techniques could be applied. Plane‐wave 2-D finite‐difference calculations are used to interpret the field data. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the conducting anomaly is a long, thick, dike‐like feature and within this conducting anomaly there is an excellent conductor (approximately 5 Ω ⋅ m) at a depth of approximately 200 m which may be magma or hot, mineralized water. Above this conductor is a zone 40 times less conductive which probably represents an area with less than 100 percent water saturation. The dike‐like structure is connected to a conducting (approximately 5 Ω ⋅ m) basal layer at a depth of 350 m.

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Lenz, Linda, and Jeffrey A. Taylor. "The influence of an invasive tree species (Myrica faya) on the abundance of an alien insect (Sophonia rufofascia) in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park." Biological Conservation 102, no. 3 (December 2001): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00103-3.

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Musafili, Ildephonse, Jean Chrysostome Ngabitsinze, Fidèle Niyitanga, and Dave Weatherspoon. "Farmers’ usage preferences for Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-01-2018-0004.

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Purpose Policymakers and stakeholders lack empirical evidence on the effectiveness of community participatory management for agribusiness development and environmental conservation. The purpose of this paper is to assess the management preferences, approaches and practices of farm communities in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park (VNP). Design/methodology/approach Primary data collected from 191 farmers were used. A choice experiment on current and potential park management practices and utilization levels was conducted along with a survey on socioeconomic, farm and institutional behavior characteristics. Findings Results show that farmers prefer preserving VNP resources for the production of agribusiness crops that are low input and environmental friendly and provide high income to farmers in addition to handcraft production to enhance cultural, plant and wild animal tourism development. Farmers highly value integrated stakeholder participatory decision making about the parks natural resources. High-income farmers prefer to restore traditional cultural heritage park sites for recreation, and ancestral intellectual and cultural property rights. Research limitations/implications The sample size limited the analysis to a conditional logit model. Originality/value This is the first study to assess the management preferences of farm communities in the VNP area.

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Walkup, Laura C., Thomas J. Casadevall, and Vincent L. Santucci. "Born of fire: In search of volcanoes in U.S. national parks, four striking examples." Earth Sciences History 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 197–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.2.197.

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ABSTRACT Geologic features, particularly volcanic features, have been protected by the National Park Service since its inception. Some volcanic areas were nationally protected even before the National Park Service was established. The first national park, Yellowstone National Park, is one of the most widely known geothermal and volcanic areas in the world. It contains the largest volcanic complex in North America and has experienced three eruptions which rate among the largest eruptions known to have occurred on Earth. Half of the twelve areas established as national parks before the 1916 Organic Act which created the National Park Service are centered on volcanic features. The National Park Service now manages lands that contain nearly every conceivable volcanic resource, with at least seventy-six managed lands that contain volcanoes or volcanic rocks. Given that so many lands managed by the National Park Service contain volcanoes and volcanic rocks, we cannot give an overview of the history of each one; rather we highlight four notable examples of parks that were established on account of their volcanic landscapes. These parks all helped to encourage the creation and success of the National Park Service by inspiring the imagination of the public. In addition to preserving and providing access to the nation's volcanic heritage, volcanic national parks are magnificent places to study and understand volcanoes and volcanic landscapes in general. Scientists from around the world study volcanic hazards, volcanic history, and the inner working of the Earth within U.S. national parks. Volcanic landscapes and associated biomes that have been relatively unchanged by human and economic activities provide unique natural laboratories for understanding how volcanoes work, how we might predict eruptions and hazards, and how these volcanoes affect surrounding watersheds, flora, fauna, atmosphere, and populated areas.

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Rouzbeh Kargar, Ali, Richard MacKenzie, Gregory P. Asner, and Jan van Aardt. "A Density-Based Approach for Leaf Area Index Assessment in a Complex Forest Environment Using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151791.

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Forests are an important part natural ecosystems, by for example providing food, fiber, habitat, and biodiversity, all of which contribute to stable natural systems. Assessing and modeling the structure and characteristics of forests, e.g., Leaf Area Index (LAI), volume, biomass, etc., can lead to a better understanding and management of these resources. In recent years, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has been recognized as a tool that addresses many of the limitations of manual and traditional forest data collection methods. In this study, we propose a density-based approach for estimating the LAI in a structurally-complex forest environment, which contains variable and diverse structural attributes, e.g., non-circular stem forms, dense canopy and below-canopy vegetation cover, and a diverse species composition. In addition, 242 TLS scans were collected using a portable low-cost scanner, the Compact Biomass Lidar (CBL), in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO), Hawaii Island, USA. LAI also was measured for 242 plots in the site, using an AccuPAR LP-80 ceptometer. The first step after cleaning the point cloud involved detecting the higher forest canopy in the light detection and ranging (lidar) point clouds, using normal change rate assessment. We then estimated Leaf Area Density (LAD), using a voxel-based approach, and divided the canopy point cloud into five layers in the Z (vertical) direction. These five layers subsequently were divided into voxels in the X direction, where the size of these voxels were obtained based on inter-quartile analysis and the number of points in each voxel. We hypothesized that the intensity returned to the lidar system from woody materials, like branches, would be higher than from leaves, due to the liquid water absorption feature of the leaves and higher reflectance for woody material at the 905 nm laser wavelength. We also differentiated between foliar and woody materials using edge detection in the images from projected point clouds and evaluated the density of these regions to support our hypothesis. Density of points, or the number of points divided by the volume of a grid, in a 3D grid size of 0.1 m, was calculated for each of the voxels. The grid size was determined by investigating the size of the branches in the lower portion of the canopy. Subsequently, we fitted a Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) to these values, with the threshold set based on half of the area under the curve in each of the density distributions. All the grids with a density below the threshold were labeled as leaves, while those grids above the threshold were identified as non-leaves. Finally, we modeled LAI using the point densities derived from the TLS point clouds and the listed analysis steps. This model resulted in an R 2 value of 0.88. We also estimated the LAI directly from lidar data using the point densities and calculating LAD, which is defined as the total one-sided leaf area per unit volume. LAI can be obtained as the sum of the LAD values in all the voxels. The accuracy of LAI estimation was 90%, with an RMSE value of 0.31, and an average overestimation of 9 % in TLS-derived LAI, when compared to field-measured LAI. Algorithm performance mainly was affected by the vegetation density and complexity of the canopy structures. It is worth noting that, since the LAI values cannot be considered spatially independent throughout all the plots in this site, we performed semivariogram analysis on the field-measured LAI data. This analysis showed that the LAI values can be assumed to be independent in plots that are at least 30 m apart. As a result, we divided the data into six subsets in which the plots were 30 m spaced. The R 2 values for these subsets, based on modeling of the field-measured LAI using leaf point density values, ranged between 0.84–0.96. The results bode well for using this method for efficient, automatic, and accurate/precise estimation of LAI values in complex forest environments, using a low-cost, rapid-scan TLS.

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Arcusa, Stephanie H., Tobias Schneider, Pablo V. Mosquera, Hendrik Vogel, Darrell Kaufman, Sönke Szidat, and Martin Grosjean. "Late Holocene tephrostratigraphy from Cajas National Park, southern Ecuador." Andean Geology 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov47n3-3301.

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Lakes located downwind of active volcanoes serve as a natural repository for volcanic ash (tephra) produced during eruptive events. In this study, sediment cores from four lakes in Cajas National Park, southern Ecuador, situated approximately 200 km downwind of active volcanoes in the Northern Andes Volcanic Zone, were analysed to document the regional history of tephra fall extending back around 3,000 a cal BP. The ages of the lacustrine sedimentary sequences were constrained using a total of 20 AMS radiocarbon ages on plant remains. The tephra layers were correlated among the lakes based on their radiocarbon age, elemental composition, colour, and grain morphology. We found five unique tephra layers, each at least 0.2 cm thick, and further constrained their ages by combining the results from two age-depth modelling approaches (clam and rbacon). The tephra layers were deposited 3,034±621, 2,027±41, 1,557±177, 733±112, and 450±70 a cal BP. The ages of all but the youngest tephra layer overlap with those of known eruptions from Tungurahua. Some tephra layers are missing as macroscopic layers in several cores, with only two of the five tephra layers visible in the sediment of three lakes. Likewise, previous studies of lake sediment cores from the region are missing the four youngest tephra layers, further highlighting the need to sample multiple lakes to reconstruct a comprehensive history of fallout events. The newly documented stratigraphic marker layers will benefit future studies of lake sediments in Cajas National Park.

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Uwayo, Pacifique, Vincent Martin Nsanzumukiza, Abias Maniragaba, Alexandre Prince Nsabimana, and Victoire Akimanizanye. "Contribution of Former Poachers for Wildlife Conservation in Rwanda Volcanoes National Park." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 08, no. 04 (2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2020.84004.

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Atkinson, Carter T., Julie K. Lease, Robert J. Dusek, and Michael D. Samuel. "Prevalence of Pox-Like Lesions and Malaria in Forest Bird Communities on Leeward Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii." Condor 107, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.537.

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AbstractIntroduced avian pox virus and malaria have had devastating impacts on native Hawaiian forest birds, yet little has been published about their prevalence and distribution in forest bird communities outside of windward Hawaii Island. We surveyed native and non-native forest birds for these two diseases at three different elevations on leeward Mauna Loa Volcano at the Kona Forest Unit of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Prevalence of malaria by both serology and microscopy varied by elevation and ranged from 28% at 710 m to 13% at 1830 m. Prevalence of pox-like lesions also varied by altitude, ranging in native species from 10% at 710 m to 2% at 1830 m. Native species at all elevations had the highest prevalence of malarial antibody and pox-like lesions. By contrast, pox-like lesions were not detected in individuals of four non-native species and only 5% of Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) was positive for malaria. A significantly high proportion of birds with pox-like lesions also had serological evidence of concurrent, chronic malarial infections, suggesting an interaction between these diseases, dual transmission of both diseases by the primary mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus) or complete recovery of some pox-infected birds without loss of toes. Results from this study document high prevalence of malaria and pox at this refuge. Development of effective disease control strategies will be important for restoration of remnant populations of the endangered ‘Akiapola‘au (Hemignathus munroi), Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana), and Hawaii ‘Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) that still occur on the refuge.Prevalencia de Lesiones del Tipo de la Viruela Aviar y Malaria en Comunidades de Aves de Bosque en el Volcán Leeward Mauna Loa, HawaiResumen. La malaria y la viruela aviar, ambas introducidas, han tenido un impacto devastador sobre las aves nativas de bosque, pero se ha publicado poco sobre su prevalencia y distribución en las comunidades fuera de la isla de Hawai. Muestreamos aves de bosque nativas y no nativas para determinar la presencia de estas dos enfermedades a diferentes elevaciones en el volcán Mauna Loa en la Unidad Forestal de Kona del Refugio de Fauna Silvestre del Bosque Nacional de Hakalau. La prevalencia de malaria determinada a través de serología y microscopía varió con la altitud entre un 28% a 710 m y un 13% a 1830 m. La prevalencia de lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también varió con la altitud, entre un 10% a 710 m y un 2% a 1839 m en especies nativas. Las especies nativas tuvieron la más alta prevalencia de anticuerpos contra malaria y lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar. De modo contrastante, las lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar no se detectaron en individuos de cuatro especies no nativas y sólo el 5% de los individuos de la especie Zosterops japonicus fue positivo para malaria. Una proporción significativamente alta de las aves con lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también presentaron evidencia serológica de infecciones crónicas de malaria simultáneas, sugiriendo una interacción entre estas dos enfermedades, transmisión dual de las enfermedades por el vector principal (el mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus) o recuperación completa en algunas aves infectadas con viruela aviar sin la pérdida de dedos. Los resultados de este estudio documentan altas prevalencias de malaria y viruela aviar en este refugio. El desarrollo de estrategias de control de estas enfermedades será importante para la restauración de las poblaciones remanentes de las especies en peligro Hemignathus munroi, Oreomystis mana, y Loxops coccineus coccineus que aún existen en el refugio.

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Jolly, Arthur D., and Stephen R. McNutt. "Seismicity at the volcanoes of Katmai National Park, Alaska; July 1995–December 1997." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 93, no. 3-4 (November 1999): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(99)00115-8.

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Munanura, Ian E., Kenneth F. Backman, Edwin Sabuhoro, Robert B. Powell, and Jeffrey C. Hallo. "The perceived forms and drivers of forest dependence at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda." Environmental Sociology 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2017.1414661.

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Galbany, Jordi, Olive Imanizabayo, Alejandro Romero, Veronica Vecellio, Halszka Glowacka, Michael R. Cranfield, Timothy G. Bromage, Antoine Mudakikwa, Tara S. Stoinski, and Shannon C. McFarlin. "Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 159, no. 3 (November 24, 2015): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22897.

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Fischer, Eberhard. "Taxonomic results of the BRYOTROP-Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 3. Description of Collecting Sites. The Vegetation of Kahuzi-Biega-National Park/Zaire, Nyungwe Forest and Virunga volcanoes/Rwanda." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 8, no. 1 (December 31, 1993): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.8.1.4.

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During the BRYOTROP-Expedition in 1991, 71 collecting sites could be visited. These are situated in the Kahuzi-Biega-National Park/Zaire, the Nyungwe Forest and the Virunga volcanoes/Rwanda. This paper provides a short description of the vegetation in these three areas and a detailed list of all collecting sites.

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Galbany, Jordi, Thadée Muhire, Veronica Vecellio, Antoine Mudakikwa, Aisha Nyiramana, Michael R. Cranfield, Tara S. Stoinski, and Shannon C. McFarlin. "Incisor tooth wear and age determination in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23720.

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Munanura, Ian E., Kenneth F. Backman, and Edwin Sabuhoro. "Managing tourism growth in endangered species' habitats of Africa: Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda." Current Issues in Tourism 16, no. 7-8 (November 2013): 700–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.785483.

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Gao, Weiyan, Jianghai Li, Xiang Mao, and Hongguang Li. "Geological and Geomorphological Value of the Monogenetic Volcanoes in Wudalianchi National Park, NE China." Geoheritage 5, no. 2 (March 15, 2013): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-013-0077-5.

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Krushelnycky, Paul D., and Neil J. Reimer. "Bait Preference by the Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Haleakala National Park, Hawaii." Environmental Entomology 27, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.6.1482.

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DERHÉ, MIA A., DEO TUYISINGIZE, WINNIE ECKARDT, FAIDA EMMANUEL, and TARA STOINSKI. "Status, diversity and trends of the bird communities in Volcanoes National Park and surrounds, Rwanda." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270919000121.

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SummaryThe Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda, part of the Virunga massif in the Albertine Rift region, boasts some of Rwanda’s best remaining natural vegetation and is home to many endangered and endemic species. The park has suffered from high levels of degradation and destruction, reducing in size by 50% during the 1960s and 1970s, and remains under threat from illegal activities, human population pressure and climate change. This study is the first to investigate the status and trends of bird communities in the VNP, using a multi-year dataset. We use a five-year dataset, totalling over 3,200 point-counts, both within and around the VNP, to assess the conservation value of the VNP for birds in comparison with other national parks and non-protected areas. We assess bird communities and population trends within and around the parks and identify important habitat factors for birds within the VNP. We found that the VNP hosts a unique bird community compared to other localities, with several Albertine Rift endemics and threatened species occurring in the VNP. Hagenia/ Hypericum woodland, herbaceous vegetation, brush ridge and mixed forest host the highest levels of bird diversity in the VNP, whilst the park’s waterbodies provide key habitat for the endangered Albertine Rift endemic Grauer’s Swamp-warbler (Bradypterus graueri). Elevation had a negative effect on bird diversity in the VNP, whilst the basal area of dead trees, Hagenia and vines had a positive effect. Both inside and outside the VNP, there was a significant decline in abundance and species richness over the sampling years; however, we advocate for further monitoring to confirm these trends. Based on our findings, we recommend effective, targeted management of key habitats for birds within the park, including those identified in this study, in order to mitigate bird declines and conserve the unique bird communities in the VNP.

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Kayitete, Laban, Yntze Hoek, Brigitte Nyirambangutse, and Mia A. Derhé. "Observations on regeneration of the keystone plant species Hagenia abyssinica in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda." African Journal of Ecology 57, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12585.

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Munanura, Ian E., Kenneth F. Backman, Jeffrey C. Hallo, and Robert B. Powell. "Perceptions of tourism revenue sharing impacts on Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda: a Sustainable Livelihoods framework." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 24, no. 12 (February 26, 2016): 1709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1145228.

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Paulo, Andrzej, Andrzej Gałaś, and Slávka Gałaś. "Planning the Colca Canyon and the Valley of the Volcanoes National Park in South Peru." Environmental Earth Sciences 71, no. 3 (May 10, 2013): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2506-9.

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Shih, Ashanti. "The most perfect natural laboratory in the world: Making and knowing Hawaii National Park." History of Science 57, no. 4 (May 29, 2019): 493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319848966.

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This article reimagines the meanings of U.S. national parks and so-called ‘natural’ places in our environmental histories and histories of science. Environmental historians have created a compelling narrative about the creation and use of U.S. national parks as places for recreation and natural resource conservation. Although these motivations were undoubtedly significant, I argue that some of the early parks were created and used for a third, often overlooked, reason: to preserve a permanent, state-sanctioned space for scientific knowledge production. Deconstructing the concept of the “natural laboratory,” I show how scientists helped justify and then benefited from the creation of national parks. Hawaii National Park serves as my case study. Advocates of the national park aimed to give settler colonial scientists in the Hawaiian archipelago a permanent place for their research, while tying Hawai‘i’s exotic landscape into the sublime nature of the American West. The park was framed as a perfect laboratory for U.S. experts to study “curious” flora, fauna, and geological processes, becoming a major site of knowledge production in volcanology. Reimagining the parks in this way has ramifications for how we think about issues of access and justice. Environmental historians who have explored the ‘dark side’ of the conservation movement have yet to consider the other half of the story: the parks not only barred certain peoples and their ways of life, but also provided access to scientists – a set of actors whose work was deemed more complementary to conservationist goals than the activities of the Native Hawaiians – and marginalized local and indigenous epistemologies. Thus, the question so often asked in environmental history, “Who is nature for?” might be supplemented by the question, “Who has the power to know nature?”

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Taremwa, Nathan K., Dancilla Mukakamari, and Anastase Butera. "Enhancing the Livelihood of Rural Women through Indigenous Vegetable Production Around Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda." Journal of Social Sciences 46, no. 2 (February 2016): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893525.

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Ronald, Kalulu, Tushabe Emmy, and Nsabimana Emmanuel. "Local Community Attitude and Perceptions towards Tourism Conservation Policies in Rwanda Case of Volcanoes National Park." Advances in Economics and Business 4, no. 12 (December 2016): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2016.041201.

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Sak, Bohumil, Klára J. Petrželková, Dana Květoňová, Anna Mynářová, Kateřina Pomajbíková, David Modrý, Michael R. Cranfield, Antoine Mudakikwa, and Martin Kváč. "Diversity of Microsporidia, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2014): e109751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109751.

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