Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hawalas

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hawalas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hawalas"

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Mahamoud, Ismael. "Comprendre le fonctionnement des hawalas : pour une meilleure régulation." Techniques Financières et Développement 114, no. 1 (2014): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tfd.114.0049.

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Rahimi, Haroun. "Hawala as credit: recognizing how hawala supports the business climate in Afghanistan." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2019-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the role of hawala in supporting Afghanistan’s business climate. It illustrates the use of hawala as credit and its importance for the local merchant community. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data presented in this article draws from more than 83 semi-structured interviews with Afghan merchants, business leaders, hawaladars and judicial officials, conducted between March and August 2017 in five major provinces of Afghanistan, namely, Kabul, Herat, Balkh, Nangarhar and Kandahar. These five provinces collectively represent half of Afghanistan’s economy, one-third of Afghanistan’s total population and more than four-fifth of Afghanistan’s urban population. The commercial courts that sit in these five provinces hear more than 90% of total commercial disputes in the country. Findings In Afghanistan, despite their reputation for being the bankers of terrorists and criminals, hawaladars primarily serve Afghan merchants – the overwhelming majority of their customers – helping them cope with an uncertain business climate. Within supply chains, Afghan importers rely on credit-hawala to protect themselves from the interruptions of cash flow that are prevalent throughout the Afghan economy. Practical implications Drawing on extensive field research, this article highlights how hawala stabilizes financing and markets in Afghanistan, arguing that while hawala regulations are necessary to counter abuse of hawala, regulators must be cognizant of how hawala is used in financing of legitimate businesses, or they will exacerbate the problems of access to credit. Originality/value While the historical studies of hawala reveal its inextricable link with trade financing, the current hawala literature completely neglects hawala systems’ contemporary financing role. Instead, the literature is completely dominated by the globalization trend of terrorism, money laundering and worker migration. Neglecting the trade financing role of hawala causes policymakers not to appreciate the impacts of hawala regulations on the trade fully. Overlooking hawalas’ role in financing transnational trade also results in the exclusion of an important group of stakeholders – namely, merchant-users of hawala services who are the main beneficiaries of hawaladars’ financing services – from the process of regulation of hawala systems. The main reason that hawala regulations have failed to gain tractions in countries such as Afghanistan is that these regulations have not been cognizant of the multifaceted functions of hawala markets and do not include all stakeholders in the regulation process.
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Malit Jr, Froilan Tuccat, Mouawiya Alawad, and George Naufal. "More Than a Criminal Tool: The Hawala System’s Role As A Critical Remittance Channel for Low-Income Pakistani Migrants in Dubai." Remittances Review 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v2i2.429.

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This paper examines how and why migrants remit through unauthorized remittance channels (namely the hawala or hundi) and investigates the hawala's developmental roles and effects on migrants’ socioeconomic status. Applying a qualitative case study of 30 low-income Pakistani migrants in Dubai, we argue that the thriving yet unauthorized status of the hawala system is a unique product of global migration process. In contrast to the dominant literature on the nexus between the hawala and terrorist and criminal-related financing, we assert that the sustainability of the hawala is the result of an ongoing effort of low-income migrants to increase their remitting power, providing money that is crucial to their families’ socioeconomic status within the con-text of rapidly globalizing forces. This study provides both important empirical and theoretical insights into the hawala's complex relevance for low-income migrants, governments, and international organizations in global migration context.
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Geshev, Ivan, and Nikolay Marin. "THE „HAWALA SYSTEM“ - BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW AND ORGANIZED CRIME." Economics & Law 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/el.swu.v2i1.1.

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The article aims to reveal the nature and specifics of the alternative method of modern banking ‘Hawala’, which makes it on the one hand, extremely convenient for use by organized criminal groups, and on the other, difficult to be investigated and proven. The authors trace Hawala’s historical roots, referring to the ancient customary law, and point out the strict rules on which it operates. It highlights that, with the development of information technologies, the Hawala systems’ principles have found a new application, from which organized criminal groups benefit. The article clarifies how the Bulgarian legislation incriminates money laundering and the possible use of the ‘Hawala’ system for this and other criminal activities. Attention is paid to the Bulgarian experience in the investigation of a network of persons involved in the use of the Hawala method for concealing, particularly serious crimes. The conclusion is made that the Hawala phenomenon poses a serious threat to the rule of law in any country, and the Bulgarian legislation needs to be adapted in order to provide effective mechanisms to counter such non-conventional type of crime.
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Mohammed Shkeily, Hamad, and Naziruddin Abdullah. "Examining the Nexus between Riba and Gharar, and Islamic Banking Products Among Zanzibar People." Sumerianz Journal of Business Management and Marketing, no. 41 (February 27, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjbmm.41.27.34.

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This paper aims at examining the nexus between riba, gharar and income level, and Islamic Banking Products among Zanzibar people. The Islamic bank products such as Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk were considered as independent variables for this study. On the other hand, the dependent variables investigated were three (3) namely riba, gharar and income level. A total of 116 respondents consisting of Zanzibar people residing in different districts responded to the survey questionnaire via google form. The study used statistical techniques to analyse the collected data in terms of demographic, descriptive, reliability and validity analysis and presented by charts, tables and curves. The hypothesis test has been conducted using correlation analysis. Statistically, the finding revealed that, the people of Zanzibar were against Riba but in favour of Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk with p≤0.01. The result also revealed that the people of Zanzibar were against gharar with p≤0.01. On the other hand, income level showed a significant correlation against Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalal, Takaful and Sukuk as p≤0.01. These findings suggest that the products and services of Islamic banks have a significant relationship with Riba, Gharar and level of income for Islamic banks’ shariah priority. It is also shown that riba and gharar were significantly impacted the people of Zanzibar for the influence on the acquisition of Islamic bank facilities which are vital on direct effects that attract customers and investors in which they are customised from conventional banks products. As the awareness level from these Islamic products are high, it is recommended that Islamic banks should focus in designing Islamic banks products (Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk) that will comply with Shariah requirement.
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Alzghoul, Musa, and Tahani Alazzam. "Translation, Re-translation, and the Reception of Arabic Literature in English: The Case of Ahlam Mostaghenami’s Novel Chaos of the Senses." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0120.

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The current study compares the two translations of Ahlam Mostaghenami’s second novel Fawda Al-Hawas into English as Chaos of the Senses by (Baria Ahmar Sreih, 2004) and Chaos of the Senses by (Nancy Roberts, 2015) and examines the reception of both translations in the English-speaking communities where they were circulated. The study seeks to find out answers to questions about: the reasons for retranslating Fawda Al-Hawas after a relatively short period of time after its first translation, the roles of human agents such as the author, translators, and publishers in the production and reception of the two translations of Fawda Al-Hawas , how the retranslation tried to avoid previous problems, if any, that hindered the circulation of the first translation, the role of paratexts in the reception of the two translations. The study draws on major concepts form reception theory as adopted by (Brown, 1994) in her study of Latin American novels published in West Germany. Specifically, the current study draws a close comparison of the paratexts associated with the two translations of Mostaghenami’s Fawda Al-Hawasas well as the roles of stakeholders. The study concludes that despite the use of more paratextual elements as well as textual improvements in the retranslation, it has not shown better results in terms of reception and circulation. Received: 4 May 2021 / Accepted: 9 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Syakur, Ahmad. "Hawalah sebagai Alternatif Pembiayaan Multijasa di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v1i2.345-364.

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Islamic banking and other Islamic financing institution need more inovationand to multiply the kind of transaction so that not to stay behind by conventional financing instituon. In the otherhand, hawalah that we know in the study of fiqh mu’amalah do not develop optimately in the Islamic economy institution. The application of hawalah in Islamic banking is little and not popular, whereas by little inovation, hawalah can be the alternative transaction. This article is an exertion to create the financing concept of multijasa Islamic Banking that more acceptable and more simple by using the hawalah contract with little inovation. That is the combination between hawalah bi al-ujrah contract and wakalah contract, as the alternative financing for increasing monetary instruments bases the sharia. So the strong and healty financing institution is realized without leaving the sharia
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Subandi, Imam, and Adji Samekto. "PENGARUH TRANSAKSI HAWALA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME DI INDONESIA." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 47, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.47.3.2018.268-281.

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Transaksi Hawala memang merupakan transaksi yang jarang kita temukan khususnya di Indonesia namun tidak di luar negeri. Hal ini dikarenakan transaksi hawala tersebut memang transaksi yang sangat bersifat rahasia yang menggunakan kepercayaan tingkat tinggi. Transaski hawala ini sangat memungkinkan disalah gunakan untuk kejahatan seperti pencucian uang ataupun pendanaan terorisme, namun sebenarnya Hawala juga bisa digunakan untuk hal-hal yang baik seperti pengiriman uang ke daerah atau Negara lain dengan waktu yang cepat dan biaya yang jauh lebih murah daripada system remittan yang dipakai perbankan. Disamping itu, mata uang tidak harus mengalami konversi. Oleh karena itu hal-hal yang akan menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut adalah bagaimana transaksaksi hawala dilakukan serta pengaruh hawala di Indonesia khususnya terhadap tindak pidana terorisme dengan pengaruh “HAWALA” terhadap upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana terorisme di Indonesia? . Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian normatif yang bersifat eksplanatoris, yaitu menjelaskan secara terperinci dan sistematis fakta-fakta sesuai dengan kerangka pemikiran deduktif dengan pengumpulan data melalui library research dan Penelitian Lapangan dalam hal ini adalah pengumpulan dan pencarian data dengan mendatangi secara langsung instansi-instansi yang berwenang dalam pemberantasan terorisme yakni Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, khususnya Densus 88 Anti Terror, PPATK dan instansi lain yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti, juga individu-individu yang dianggap mengetahui praktek “HAWALA”, dengan mengadakan wawancara (interview) baik secara terbuka maupun dengan teknik tertutup seperti eliciting dalam intelijen.
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Sup, Devid Frastiawan Amir. "CESSIE DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM." Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-undangan, Ekonomi Islam 11, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jurisprudensi.v11i1.995.

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Cessie is the submission of accounts receivable in the name regulated in Article 613 of the Civil Code. Cessie in principle is the sale and purchase of receivables, but in its development the cessie can also be used as collateral for debt. In Islamic law, detailed discussion of cessie has not yet existed, but in general the issue of accounts payable has been discussed in the hawalah contract. In the DSN-MUI fatwas cessies are categorized as active subjective innovations or forms of subrogation accompanied by compensation. On the other hand, conceptually, cessie, subrogation and innovation are different. From this description, this research will discuss about cessie in Islamic law review with hawalah approach. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive-literature. The conclusion obtained from this study. (1) Cessie requirements according to the Civil Code have not fulfilled the entire requirements for the formation of the contract contained in hawalah. (2) Cessie in the sale and purchase of receivables is included in hawalah haqq. (3) Cessie as debt collateral is included in hawalah haqq based on kafalah (guarantee). In the case of retro cessie, Hanafi scholars allow while Shafi'i scholars do not allow
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Sadomovskaya, M. E. "Legal Aspects of Combating Terrorism Financing and Money Laundering using Informal Money Transfer Systems in the European Union." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.116.7.169-179.

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Currently, in the European Union, in addition to traditional money transfer systems (bank transfers, Western Union, etc.), informal (alternative) systems have spread. The most famous and widespread is hawala, which originated in South Asia many centuries ago, long before the banking system, and is still the most familiar and convenient mechanism for transferring funds in several regions of North Africa and the Middle East. Hawala operates outside the regulated banking and financial sector primarily through a complex settlement system: there is no actual transfer of funds within this system. In most countries, hawala is not regulated by law and is not subject to government supervision. All these factors contribute to the increased risk of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF risk). The paper examines the key characteristics of hawala, its types, circumstances that caused its spread, the features of the system’s functioning, and overviews the main measures of the European Union aimed at reducing the risk of ML / TF, which are a characteristic of hawala.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hawalas"

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Mahamoud, Houssein Ismael. "Contraintes institutionnelles et réglementaires et le secteur informel à Djibouti." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557989.

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Cette thèse vise à identifier les contraintes institutionnelles et réglementaires qui limitent le développement des unités informelles à Djibouti en faisant à la fois une analyse microéconomique et macroéconomique. L'examen des institutions montre que des habitudes (corruption, passe droit) en matière de règlement de l'administration créent des coûts de transaction et obligent les micro-entreprises à se réfugier dans le secteur informel. Un modèle de régression montre que la qualité de la justice (mesurée par l'indicateur de Rule of Law de la Banque mondiale) est une variable déterminante pour expliquer le poids de l'économie non observée et donc celui du secteur informel, dans le PIB officiel. La dynamique des micro-entreprises est appréhendée à partir de 2 enquêtes (2001 et 2005) portant sur le même échantillon. L'analyse de la mobilité à l'aide de matrices de transition révèle l'existence non pas d'un seul seuil infranchissable, mais plutôt de trois (1 actif, 2-5 actifs, 6-9 actifs et 10 actifs et plus) et confirme la thèse du "missing-middle". L'analyse factorielle discriminante indique que la légalité est une variable déterminante pour expliquer le blocage apparent des micro-entreprises au-delà de 6 à 9 actifs. Enfin, l'enquête 2007 sur les activités de transfert d'argents (hawalas) montre leur impact important sur le plan macroéconomique ; elle suggère la prise en compte de la spécificité et de l'utilité de ces institutions comme un dispositif complémentaire aux banques dont l'intégration dans le système financier formel devrait être facilitée.
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Pamer, Karen. "A global study of hawala targeting regulations." Thesis, Utica College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10153553.

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This research focused on hawala regulations in multiple jurisdictions, strategies of international bodies to mitigate illicit transfers, and implementation of a standardized approach to monitor money remittances. Transfer mechanisms used to remit funds internationally appeal to individuals, organized crime groups, terrorist financiers, and money launderers. Literature reviewed consisted of government studies, financial body reports, media articles, and peer-reviewed journals. Evaluation of different methodologies and the Financial Action Task Force’s supervisory controls was completed. It was determined that economic pressure may impact financial networks and encourage compliance if regional government bodies have the necessary authority to enforce regulations. Research revealed recommendations for education programs to aid jurisdictions in setting up financial intelligence units, developing statutes tailored to their economies, and enforcement of supervisory controls. This report further suggested accountability amongst jurisdictions to reduce the ability of criminals and terrorist financiers to move their financial activities to areas with lax enforcement and corrupt governments that do not enforce regulatory recommendations. It also encouraged tracking financial activity and implementing licensing requirements to mitigate de-risking of high-risk customers with the provision of education to customers and third-parties through formal financial institutions. Reduction of unlicensed money remittances and mitigation of illicit funding benefiting organized crime and terrorism is the ultimate goal.

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Müller, Sebastian R. "Hawala : an informal payment system and its use to finance terrorism /." Saarbrücken : VDM, Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2893788&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Aman, Moustapha. "Currency Board et mouvements de capitaux dans une petite économie ouverte : modélisation en Equilibre Général Calculable appliquée à Djibouti." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0096.

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Le Currency Board est un régime de change dont la recherche de la stabilité et la crédibilité monétaire fonde la régulation non pas sur une action discrétionnaire de la Banque Centrale mais sur un mécanisme d’ajustement supposé être automatique : la dynamique de l’offre monétaire suit la dynamique des réserves en devises étrangères. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’expérience djiboutienne pour étudier le fonctionnement d’un Currency Board. La République de Djibouti possède l’unique Currency Board existant sur le continent Africain depuis 1949. Sa longévité dans un contexte de libre circulation des capitaux offre une expérience unique et extrêmement riche d’enseignements. La résilience du secteur bancaire intégralement détenu par l’étranger, les facteurs institutionnels et géopolitiques et les pratiques monétaires informelles (hawala) expliquent cette longévité. Par exemple, sans les transferts hawalas, il n’existe pas une relation univoque à long terme entre la balance des paiements et la base monétaire. L’interaction du secteur formel et informel permet d’obtenir un équilibre macro-monétaire.Une étude statique de l’ajustement d’un modèle d’équilibre général calculable financier (MEGC) comprenant le secteur informel montre que les entrées supplémentaires en devises peuvent être à l’origine d’une accumulation illimitée de réserves en devises étrangères et conduisent à une modification de l’équilibre entre le secteur marchand et non marchand
The Currency Board is an exchange system in which the search for stability and monetary credibility is not based on a discretionary regulation of the Central Bank but on an adjustment mechanism assumed to be automatic: the dynamics of money supply follow the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves. This thesis focuses on the Djibouti experiment to study the functioning of a Currency Board. The Republic of Djibouti has the only existing Currency Board on the African continent since 1949. His longevity in a context of free movement of capital offers a unique and extremely valuable lesson. The resilience of institutional and geopolitical factors fully owned by foreign banking, and informal monetary practices (hawala transfers) explain this longevity. For instance, without the hawala transfers, there is no unambiguous relationship between the long-term dynamics of the balance of payments and the monetary base. The interaction of formal and informal sector provides a macro-monetary balance and stability.A static study of the fit of a general equilibrium (CGE) including the informal sector shows that the additional entries in currencies can be the source of an unlimited accumulation of foreign reserves and lead to a change in the balance between tradable and non-tradable sector
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Warius, Silke. "Das Hawala-Finanzsystem in Deutschland - ein Fall für die Bekämpfung von Geldwäsche und Terrorismusfinanzierung? : eine Untersuchung unter Einbeziehung aufsichtsrechtlicher und anderer gesetzlicher Rahmenbedingungen /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994882890/04.

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Hancock, Daniel A. "The olive branch and the hammer a strategic analysis of hawala in the financial war on terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FHancock.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert E. ; Russell, James A. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 2, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78). Also available in print.
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Roche, Bonnie Jean. "Museums and Restitution: The Actions and Effects of Dr. Zahi Hawass." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1310088480.

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Marshall, Lydia. "Why do children go to school? : a case study of primary education in Hawassa, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75715/.

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This thesis contributes to an understanding of why children in urban Ethiopia and elsewhere go to school by accounting for children in one Ethiopian city’s own explanations of! their educational participation, and examining the factors shaping these understandings. The findings demonstrate that, for children in this context, education was both an indicator of a ‘good’ childhood, and the route to social adulthood. Children in Hawassa wanted to go to school in order to become good workers, good people and good national! citizens. Their motivations for going to school often overlapped with dominant arguments for the expansion of education, but went beyond the narrow economic instrumentalism of the human capital approach and challenged the neoliberal individualism that has underpinned much work on human capabilities. The thesis therefore asserts the important contribution that children can make to debates about the purposes of education. However, it also demonstrates that children’s explanations of their schooling were constrained by the discourses and understandings available to them. It argues that children had largely internalised a deficit model of childhood and education that inhibited the expansion of their critical capabilities In demonstrating the constraints upon children’s understandings, the thesis also demonstrates that educational participation in Hawassa was not solely the outcome of children’s rational evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with going to school. However, it does not instead present attendance as resulting from compulsion or normativity. Rather, it argues that going to school was an act of agency that arose from children’s ultimate human concerns, and was constrained and enabled by external ‘generative mechanisms’(Bhaskar 1978). These mechanisms included discourses about the morality and power of education, economic structures rendering school attendance necessary for the achievement of desired indicators of adulthood, and government strategies seeking to minimise civil conflict and dissent.
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Lonsako, Shumet Adnew. "Assessment of an integrated TB/HIV programme at health facilities in Hawassa town administration of Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5487.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Evaluation of health programmes is essential to assist programme managers in decision-making and accountability to the population they serve. Additionally, regular monitoring and evaluation of TB/HIV collaborative activities are used as a means to assess quality, effectiveness and coverage of services; yet little attention has been given to this in most developing countries. In the southern region of Ethiopia, since the inception of the TB/HIV collaborative activities in 2005, there has not been any formal evaluation pertaining to the implementation status of integrated TB/HIV services at routine program level. However, a series of TB/HIV reviews underlined many challenges that have adversely affected the implementation nationally. However, studies conducted on the quality of TB and HIV/AIDS services tend to be broad and not targeted to the integrated TB/HIV program and therefore, it was necessary to assess the implementation status in a more focused way with a vision to determine its adequacy or otherwise and make appropriate recommendations to improve integrated TB/HIV services in the town. Aim: To assess the implementation of integrated TB/HIV activities in the health facilities of Hawassa town administration Study design: Cross sectional study Study population: All health facilities, health managers, and records of TB and HIV patients in Hawassa town administration Sample population: The study population encompassed TB and HIV clinics, managers of each health facility, and sampled records of individual clients/patients enrolled in the HIV/AIDS/TB treatment and care program, from each health facility in the year 2009/10. Data collection: Face-to-face interviews with facility managers, observation of the rooms in which TB/HIV services are rendered and a review of patient records, were undertaken. Analysis: Descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages were used for analysis of facility based resource inputs, TB case finding and management, and HIV case finding and management practices. Indicator variables extracted from the record review were transformed into scales (0 or 1) and weighted to reflect the levels of TB/HIV service quality, integration and resources input. After weighting, experts' opinion was used to set a cut off level (75%) to categorize the relative service quality received by individuals and the level of integrated care provided by facilities into "adequate" or "inadequate". Bivariate analysis was done to assess the effect of independent predictor variables on outcome variables. We used a– P value of 0.1 on bivariate analysis as the cut off point for inclusion of variables into the multivariate analysis. Prevalence ratios, adjusted prevalence odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were used to present outcomes. Results: Availability of resource inputs for HIV/AIDS care was inadequate in half of the facilities in Hawassa town whereas, laboratory infrastructure for TB/HIV care was adequate in all facilities. Most (91%) HIV/AIDS patients had their CD4 count and weight (96%) measured at baseline. However, the trend declined over time and the practice was better in hospitals than in health centres. HAART status was a strong predictor of CD4 count improvement and improvement in CD4 count was found to be a strong predictor of body weight gain. TB case finding and management practices in HIV/AIDS clinics were found to be adequate in the health facilities in Hawassa town. Ninety five percent and 86% of HIV positive patients were screened for TB at baseline and at the last clinical visit respectively, of which 98%, 93% and 81% of patients co infected with TB and HIV were provided with DOTS, CPT and ART respectively. However, only 11% of HIV positive patients without active TB were provided with IPT. Only HAART status was found to be a strong predictor of TB case finding. Quality of HIV/AIDS care in health facilities in Hawassa town was adequate. Availability of at least a minimum number of staff and being on HAART were found to be strong negative and positive predictors of quality respectively. Overall, 91% of patients on HAART were retained in care at the end of the year (alive and on treatment), 6% were retained and 3% died. Resources for the TB program were deficient in our study area. Three out of four facilities had inadequate overall input resources required for good quality TB care and the fourth barely managed to achieve adequate status. However, laboratory infrastructure and availability of forms and registers were adequate in all the facilities. There was a high degree of HIV case finding and a high prevalence (17%) of HIV among TB patients. Despite this, the overall HIV care provided was inadequate, with only 64% and 73% of TB/HIV co-infected patients being provided with HAART and co-trimoxazole respectively and 22% of TB/HIV co-infected patients not enrolled in HIV care. Among sputum positive TB patients good quality TB care was found to be a strong predictor of successful treatment outcome Our study also showed consistently very high quality TB service provision in the town despite the lack of required resources. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that there was relatively good quality provision of TB and HIV services despite inadequate input resources and that quality of care was positively associated with good outcomes. The study also indicated that HAART benefited patients substantially and hence earlier initiation could be the way forward. We recommend that to further improve quality of care one stop shopping services (availing both anti-TB and HIV care at the same service point within a clinic) be established. In addition, we recommend improved patient monitoring, especially for Pre-ART patients, be established.
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Beyene, Nardos Legesse. "Assessment on the effects of Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA) on poverty reduction in Hawassa, Ethiopia." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6509.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA (DVS)
Formal microfinance institutions have been an important tool in the fight against poverty in developing countries, but their reach for rural people and urban slum poor are limited. Following this, Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) are established as an alternative, informal mechanism for saving and borrowing that do not require external capital or ongoing financial or administrative support from a founding organization or government bodies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of women participation in VSLA on poverty reduction with a case study in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research methodology, the study tried to focus on examining the effects of VSLAs contribution to economic and social wellbeing of households, and decision makings, and women participation in community activities. The study used 254 samples (127 VSLA participants, and 127 non-participants) and collected data using questionnaire and focus group discussion. The study used propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the impact of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income, and the result indicated the average effect of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income of participant women is positive and significant at 5% significant level, ranging from 169.63 Birr/month (nearest neighbor matching) to 141.55 Birr/month (Kernel matching), on average. Besides, comparison between participants and non-participants using hypothesis testing shows that women participation in VSLA has a significant positive association with improvements in household diet, health, children's education, and women’s involvement in household decisions. However, although hypothesized, no significant association is found in relation to women participation in community activities. Findings from the focus group discussions are also consistent with the results from the PSM and hypothesis testing. Following the findings, the study recommends government and nongovernmental organizations to provide regular, timely and need based capacity building trainings for VSLA participants; Link VSLA participants with formal microfinance institutions; conduct regular monitoring and follow ups by either the city or sub-cities Women Children Affairs Department/offices or concerned government body; different concerned stakeholders in the city including government, nongovernmental organizations, microfinance institutions and others need to work in coordinated manner to solve the recurrent challenges of VSLA participants in Hawassa city; and finally government and/or nongovernmental organizations need to take best practices and lessons from existing VSLAs and expand the VSLA initiative to address more impoverished women in the city.
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Books on the topic "Hawalas"

1

Alam, Mahboob. Hawalat main talaq. Lahore: Jahangir Book Depot, 2002.

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Alam, Mehbub. Hawalat main talaq. Lahore: Dastan, 1996.

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Xuseen, Cabdulqadir Nuur. Hawaan. Moqdishu, Somali: Daabacaada Shaafici, 2003.

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Tʻorikean, Shaghik. Kĕ hawatam. Antʻilias: Katʻoghikosutʻean Hayotsʻ Metsi Tann Kilikioy, 2007.

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Kela hawaran. 2nd ed. Berlin: Han-Grafîk, 2010.

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The money exchange dealers of Kabul: A study of the Hawala system in Afghanistan. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003.

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Hawara Dîcleyê. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Avesta Basın Yayın, 2001.

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Hawala and underground terrorist financing mechanisms: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, on Hawalas and underground terrorist financing mechanisms: informal international financing networks that can serve as a pipeline of funds for terrorist [sic], November 14, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance. Hawala and underground terrorist financing mechanisms: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on Hawalas and underground terrorist financing mechanisms: informal international financing networks that can serve as a pipeline of funds for terrorist, November 14, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Madaharh, Gurmail Singh. Sajishi hawaa. Amritsar: Printwell, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hawalas"

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Wahlers, Kristin. "Das Hawala-Finanzsystem." In Die rechtliche und ökonomische Struktur von Zahlungssystemen inner- und außerhalb des Bankensystems, 95–158. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37390-9_5.

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al-Dailami, Ahmed. "“Purity and Confusion”: The Hawala between Persians and Arabs in the Contemporary Gulf." In The Persian Gulf in Modern Times, 299–326. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137485779_12.

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de Bunt, Henk van. "The Role of Hawala Bankers in the Transfer of Proceeds from Organised Crime." In Organized Crime: Culture, Markets and Policies, 113–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74733-0_9.

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Farooqi, M. Nauman. "What is Hawala? An Introduction to the Multi-Billion Dollar Informal Value Tranfer System." In Emerging Fraud, 85–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20826-3_6.

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Kummer, Werner. "Die Sprüch—Wörter in Wolfgang Teuschls Bibelübersetzung „Da Jesus und seine Hawara“." In Sprichwörter und Redensarten im interkulturellen Vergleich, 128–38. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97010-7_7.

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Ballard, Roger. "Hawala and Hundi." In Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora, 53–66. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203796528-6.

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"Hawara." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 583–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_80160.

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"Transfer of Debt (al-Hawalah)." In Islamic Commercial Law, 137–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198956.ch11.

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"Hawala: An Alternative Remittance System." In Trade-Based Money Laundering, 49–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119125389.ch4.

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"The Hawara Necropolis." In Three Hundred Years of Death, 63–90. BRILL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004406803_006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hawalas"

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Alemu, Besrat E., Asrat Worku, Getnet M. Wassie, and Genet T. Habtesellasie. "Ground Response Analysis of Representative Sites of Hawassa City." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481462.041.

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Reports on the topic "Hawalas"

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Looney, Robert E. Following the Terrorist Informal Money Trail: The Hawala Financial Mechanism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524824.

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Roberts, Paige, Ahmed-Yasin Osman Moge, and Kaija Hurlburt. PROJECT BADWEYN: SOMALI COASTAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES. One Earth Future, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/oef.2018.032.

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Interest in the Somali fishing sector is growing. Development agencies, donors, and investors see the potential for fisheries in Somali waters to provide income, food security, and stability in coastal communities. But reliable and up-to-date information about the state of Somali fisheries is difficult to find, complicating business decisions. Where should development be focused? What kind of investment will provide the most benefit and long-term return for coastal communities? What fisheries sector opportunities are the most sustainable, and which might be a threat to the health of Somali fisheries? Somali Coastal Development Opportunities answers these questions through targeted and original analysis of fisheries data coupled with information on current development projects throughout the Somali region. This report highlights six coastal fishing villages – Bereda, Hordio, Bander Beyla, Maydh, Hawaay, and Merca – to investigate the development needs and opportunities in each. Opportunities in the fisheries sectors are analyzed in light of sustainability and feasibility to provide recommendations that will guide investment and development in the Somali fisheries sector.
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