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Journal articles on the topic 'Hawalas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mahamoud, Ismael. "Comprendre le fonctionnement des hawalas : pour une meilleure régulation." Techniques Financières et Développement 114, no. 1 (2014): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tfd.114.0049.

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2

Rahimi, Haroun. "Hawala as credit: recognizing how hawala supports the business climate in Afghanistan." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2019-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the role of hawala in supporting Afghanistan’s business climate. It illustrates the use of hawala as credit and its importance for the local merchant community. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data presented in this article draws from more than 83 semi-structured interviews with Afghan merchants, business leaders, hawaladars and judicial officials, conducted between March and August 2017 in five major provinces of Afghanistan, namely, Kabul, Herat, Balkh, Nangarhar and Kandahar. These five provinces collectively represent half of Afghanistan’s economy, one-third of Afghanistan’s total population and more than four-fifth of Afghanistan’s urban population. The commercial courts that sit in these five provinces hear more than 90% of total commercial disputes in the country. Findings In Afghanistan, despite their reputation for being the bankers of terrorists and criminals, hawaladars primarily serve Afghan merchants – the overwhelming majority of their customers – helping them cope with an uncertain business climate. Within supply chains, Afghan importers rely on credit-hawala to protect themselves from the interruptions of cash flow that are prevalent throughout the Afghan economy. Practical implications Drawing on extensive field research, this article highlights how hawala stabilizes financing and markets in Afghanistan, arguing that while hawala regulations are necessary to counter abuse of hawala, regulators must be cognizant of how hawala is used in financing of legitimate businesses, or they will exacerbate the problems of access to credit. Originality/value While the historical studies of hawala reveal its inextricable link with trade financing, the current hawala literature completely neglects hawala systems’ contemporary financing role. Instead, the literature is completely dominated by the globalization trend of terrorism, money laundering and worker migration. Neglecting the trade financing role of hawala causes policymakers not to appreciate the impacts of hawala regulations on the trade fully. Overlooking hawalas’ role in financing transnational trade also results in the exclusion of an important group of stakeholders – namely, merchant-users of hawala services who are the main beneficiaries of hawaladars’ financing services – from the process of regulation of hawala systems. The main reason that hawala regulations have failed to gain tractions in countries such as Afghanistan is that these regulations have not been cognizant of the multifaceted functions of hawala markets and do not include all stakeholders in the regulation process.
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3

Malit Jr, Froilan Tuccat, Mouawiya Alawad, and George Naufal. "More Than a Criminal Tool: The Hawala System’s Role As A Critical Remittance Channel for Low-Income Pakistani Migrants in Dubai." Remittances Review 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v2i2.429.

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This paper examines how and why migrants remit through unauthorized remittance channels (namely the hawala or hundi) and investigates the hawala's developmental roles and effects on migrants’ socioeconomic status. Applying a qualitative case study of 30 low-income Pakistani migrants in Dubai, we argue that the thriving yet unauthorized status of the hawala system is a unique product of global migration process. In contrast to the dominant literature on the nexus between the hawala and terrorist and criminal-related financing, we assert that the sustainability of the hawala is the result of an ongoing effort of low-income migrants to increase their remitting power, providing money that is crucial to their families’ socioeconomic status within the con-text of rapidly globalizing forces. This study provides both important empirical and theoretical insights into the hawala's complex relevance for low-income migrants, governments, and international organizations in global migration context.
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4

Geshev, Ivan, and Nikolay Marin. "THE „HAWALA SYSTEM“ - BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW AND ORGANIZED CRIME." Economics & Law 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/el.swu.v2i1.1.

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The article aims to reveal the nature and specifics of the alternative method of modern banking ‘Hawala’, which makes it on the one hand, extremely convenient for use by organized criminal groups, and on the other, difficult to be investigated and proven. The authors trace Hawala’s historical roots, referring to the ancient customary law, and point out the strict rules on which it operates. It highlights that, with the development of information technologies, the Hawala systems’ principles have found a new application, from which organized criminal groups benefit. The article clarifies how the Bulgarian legislation incriminates money laundering and the possible use of the ‘Hawala’ system for this and other criminal activities. Attention is paid to the Bulgarian experience in the investigation of a network of persons involved in the use of the Hawala method for concealing, particularly serious crimes. The conclusion is made that the Hawala phenomenon poses a serious threat to the rule of law in any country, and the Bulgarian legislation needs to be adapted in order to provide effective mechanisms to counter such non-conventional type of crime.
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5

Mohammed Shkeily, Hamad, and Naziruddin Abdullah. "Examining the Nexus between Riba and Gharar, and Islamic Banking Products Among Zanzibar People." Sumerianz Journal of Business Management and Marketing, no. 41 (February 27, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjbmm.41.27.34.

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This paper aims at examining the nexus between riba, gharar and income level, and Islamic Banking Products among Zanzibar people. The Islamic bank products such as Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk were considered as independent variables for this study. On the other hand, the dependent variables investigated were three (3) namely riba, gharar and income level. A total of 116 respondents consisting of Zanzibar people residing in different districts responded to the survey questionnaire via google form. The study used statistical techniques to analyse the collected data in terms of demographic, descriptive, reliability and validity analysis and presented by charts, tables and curves. The hypothesis test has been conducted using correlation analysis. Statistically, the finding revealed that, the people of Zanzibar were against Riba but in favour of Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk with p≤0.01. The result also revealed that the people of Zanzibar were against gharar with p≤0.01. On the other hand, income level showed a significant correlation against Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalal, Takaful and Sukuk as p≤0.01. These findings suggest that the products and services of Islamic banks have a significant relationship with Riba, Gharar and level of income for Islamic banks’ shariah priority. It is also shown that riba and gharar were significantly impacted the people of Zanzibar for the influence on the acquisition of Islamic bank facilities which are vital on direct effects that attract customers and investors in which they are customised from conventional banks products. As the awareness level from these Islamic products are high, it is recommended that Islamic banks should focus in designing Islamic banks products (Murabahah, Musharakah, Mudarabah, Ijarah, Hawalah, Takaful and Sukuk) that will comply with Shariah requirement.
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6

Alzghoul, Musa, and Tahani Alazzam. "Translation, Re-translation, and the Reception of Arabic Literature in English: The Case of Ahlam Mostaghenami’s Novel Chaos of the Senses." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0120.

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The current study compares the two translations of Ahlam Mostaghenami’s second novel Fawda Al-Hawas into English as Chaos of the Senses by (Baria Ahmar Sreih, 2004) and Chaos of the Senses by (Nancy Roberts, 2015) and examines the reception of both translations in the English-speaking communities where they were circulated. The study seeks to find out answers to questions about: the reasons for retranslating Fawda Al-Hawas after a relatively short period of time after its first translation, the roles of human agents such as the author, translators, and publishers in the production and reception of the two translations of Fawda Al-Hawas , how the retranslation tried to avoid previous problems, if any, that hindered the circulation of the first translation, the role of paratexts in the reception of the two translations. The study draws on major concepts form reception theory as adopted by (Brown, 1994) in her study of Latin American novels published in West Germany. Specifically, the current study draws a close comparison of the paratexts associated with the two translations of Mostaghenami’s Fawda Al-Hawasas well as the roles of stakeholders. The study concludes that despite the use of more paratextual elements as well as textual improvements in the retranslation, it has not shown better results in terms of reception and circulation. Received: 4 May 2021 / Accepted: 9 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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7

Syakur, Ahmad. "Hawalah sebagai Alternatif Pembiayaan Multijasa di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v1i2.345-364.

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Islamic banking and other Islamic financing institution need more inovationand to multiply the kind of transaction so that not to stay behind by conventional financing instituon. In the otherhand, hawalah that we know in the study of fiqh mu’amalah do not develop optimately in the Islamic economy institution. The application of hawalah in Islamic banking is little and not popular, whereas by little inovation, hawalah can be the alternative transaction. This article is an exertion to create the financing concept of multijasa Islamic Banking that more acceptable and more simple by using the hawalah contract with little inovation. That is the combination between hawalah bi al-ujrah contract and wakalah contract, as the alternative financing for increasing monetary instruments bases the sharia. So the strong and healty financing institution is realized without leaving the sharia
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8

Subandi, Imam, and Adji Samekto. "PENGARUH TRANSAKSI HAWALA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME DI INDONESIA." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 47, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.47.3.2018.268-281.

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Transaksi Hawala memang merupakan transaksi yang jarang kita temukan khususnya di Indonesia namun tidak di luar negeri. Hal ini dikarenakan transaksi hawala tersebut memang transaksi yang sangat bersifat rahasia yang menggunakan kepercayaan tingkat tinggi. Transaski hawala ini sangat memungkinkan disalah gunakan untuk kejahatan seperti pencucian uang ataupun pendanaan terorisme, namun sebenarnya Hawala juga bisa digunakan untuk hal-hal yang baik seperti pengiriman uang ke daerah atau Negara lain dengan waktu yang cepat dan biaya yang jauh lebih murah daripada system remittan yang dipakai perbankan. Disamping itu, mata uang tidak harus mengalami konversi. Oleh karena itu hal-hal yang akan menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut adalah bagaimana transaksaksi hawala dilakukan serta pengaruh hawala di Indonesia khususnya terhadap tindak pidana terorisme dengan pengaruh “HAWALA” terhadap upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana terorisme di Indonesia? . Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian normatif yang bersifat eksplanatoris, yaitu menjelaskan secara terperinci dan sistematis fakta-fakta sesuai dengan kerangka pemikiran deduktif dengan pengumpulan data melalui library research dan Penelitian Lapangan dalam hal ini adalah pengumpulan dan pencarian data dengan mendatangi secara langsung instansi-instansi yang berwenang dalam pemberantasan terorisme yakni Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, khususnya Densus 88 Anti Terror, PPATK dan instansi lain yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti, juga individu-individu yang dianggap mengetahui praktek “HAWALA”, dengan mengadakan wawancara (interview) baik secara terbuka maupun dengan teknik tertutup seperti eliciting dalam intelijen.
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9

Sup, Devid Frastiawan Amir. "CESSIE DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM." Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-undangan, Ekonomi Islam 11, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jurisprudensi.v11i1.995.

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Cessie is the submission of accounts receivable in the name regulated in Article 613 of the Civil Code. Cessie in principle is the sale and purchase of receivables, but in its development the cessie can also be used as collateral for debt. In Islamic law, detailed discussion of cessie has not yet existed, but in general the issue of accounts payable has been discussed in the hawalah contract. In the DSN-MUI fatwas cessies are categorized as active subjective innovations or forms of subrogation accompanied by compensation. On the other hand, conceptually, cessie, subrogation and innovation are different. From this description, this research will discuss about cessie in Islamic law review with hawalah approach. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive-literature. The conclusion obtained from this study. (1) Cessie requirements according to the Civil Code have not fulfilled the entire requirements for the formation of the contract contained in hawalah. (2) Cessie in the sale and purchase of receivables is included in hawalah haqq. (3) Cessie as debt collateral is included in hawalah haqq based on kafalah (guarantee). In the case of retro cessie, Hanafi scholars allow while Shafi'i scholars do not allow
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10

Sadomovskaya, M. E. "Legal Aspects of Combating Terrorism Financing and Money Laundering using Informal Money Transfer Systems in the European Union." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.116.7.169-179.

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Currently, in the European Union, in addition to traditional money transfer systems (bank transfers, Western Union, etc.), informal (alternative) systems have spread. The most famous and widespread is hawala, which originated in South Asia many centuries ago, long before the banking system, and is still the most familiar and convenient mechanism for transferring funds in several regions of North Africa and the Middle East. Hawala operates outside the regulated banking and financial sector primarily through a complex settlement system: there is no actual transfer of funds within this system. In most countries, hawala is not regulated by law and is not subject to government supervision. All these factors contribute to the increased risk of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF risk). The paper examines the key characteristics of hawala, its types, circumstances that caused its spread, the features of the system’s functioning, and overviews the main measures of the European Union aimed at reducing the risk of ML / TF, which are a characteristic of hawala.
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11

Toyyibi, Abdul Majid. "IMPLEMENTASI HAWALAH PADA PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH STUDI KASUS KOPERASI JASA KEUANGAN SYARIAH USAHA GABUNGAN TERPADU BMT SIDOGIRI KCP OMBEN TAHUN BUKU 2018." Profit : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/profit.v3i2.871.

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Financing is the most important part of the milestone of an Islamic financial institution, its existence must be able to avoid the problematic financing that can hamper the value of its income. So that the existence of hawalah contract becomes a new solution in minimizing problem financing. So that in this study there are two formulations of the problem namely the practice of hawalah by reviewing the MUI fatwa and the type used by BMT Sidogiri. The research method used is descriptive qualitative in which the researcher descends directly to the study site by conducting interviews and collecting primary and secondary data sources as a complement and then from there an analysis of the data is conductedAs for the results of his research that the pillars and legal requirements of the law in KJKS UGT BMT Sidogiri KCP Omben are in accordance with the pillars and conditions according to Islamic economics and the MUI DSN fatwa regarding hawalah DSN MUI fatwa which has been decided related to hawalah. The implementation of hawalah, which is between muhil and muhal alayh, comes to KJKS UGT BMT Sidogiri KCP Omben to provide information that installments that are borne by the muhil parties will be continued with the financing installments by the muhal alayhi when legally obliged to fulfill the conditions and regulations.
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12

Teichmann, Fabian Maximilian Johannes. "Financing terrorism through hawala banking in Switzerland." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2017-0056.

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Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the feasibility of circumventing the Swiss financial sector’s compliance mechanisms by financing terrorism through hawala networks. Design/methodology/approach Based upon a qualitative content analysis of 15 informal interviews with providers of illegal financial services and 15 formal interviews with compliance experts and law enforcement officers, the general suitability of hawala networks for the financing of terrorism was assessed and concrete methods of doing so were better understood. In addition, it is shown how terrorists can limit their risks in using the services of hawala bankers. Findings Hawala banking in Switzerland is extraordinarily useful for the financing of terrorism. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on semi-standardized interviews limited to the perspectives of the 30 interviewees. Practical implications Law enforcement and intelligence agencies must be provided with additional tools, such as a broader scope of allowable activity for undercover police officers and the possibility of secretly conducting remote online searches of electronic devices. While this article focuses on Switzerland, its findings could be applied on a global level. Originality/value While the existing literature focuses on understanding the channels terrorists can use to finance their activities and on developing prevention mechanisms, this paper describes exactly how terrorism can be financed through hawala networks in Switzerland.
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13

Nugraheni, Destri Budi. "ANALISIS YURIDIS MULTI AKAD DALAM PEMBIAYAAN PENGALIHAN HUTANG PADA PT BANK BRISYARIAH." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 27, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15895.

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PT Bank BRISyariah Bank uses two types of multiple akad in take over financing which are 3 (three) independent akad: akad qardh, purchase agreement, and akad murabahah, and the other one is akad hawalah wal murabahah which are also a multiple akad, a combination between akad hawalah and akad murabahah. Akad qardh used as a basis for granting loans to customers to repay the loan at a conventional bank, and then customer and purchase agreement to sell its assets which are no longer bound as collateral, to the bank. Customer then sell the assets through murabaha financing agreement. PT Bank BRISyariah menggunakan dua jenis multi akad dalam transaksi pengalihan hutang yaitu tiga akad yang berdiri sendiri yaitu akad qardh, perjanjian jual beli, dan akad pembiayaan murabahah, serta akad hawalah wal murabahah yang juga merupakan multi akad, perpaduan akad hawalah dan akad murabahah. Akad qardh digunakan sebagai dasar pemberian pinjaman kepada nasabah untuk melunasi kreditnya di bank konvensional, selanjutnya nasabah dengan perjanjian jual beli menjual asetnya yang sudah tidak lagi terikat sebagai jaminan hutang, kepada bank syariah. Hasil penjualan digunakan nasabah untuk melunasi qardh-nya kemudian menjual aset melalui akad pembiayaan murabahah, sehingga Bank berhak mendapatkan margin keuntungan.
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14

Viles, Thomas. "Hawala, hysteria and hegemony." Journal of Money Laundering Control 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685200810844479.

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15

Dobaev, Igor, Andrei Dobaev, and Tatiana Ignatova. "CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FINANCIAL OPERATIONS BY THE HAVALA SYSTEM." Russia and the moslem world, no. 3 (2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2020.03.10.

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Based on the study of numerous foreign and domestic sources, the authors of this article determine the essence of financial transactions through the hawala system. It has been revealed that this system is historically determined in nature, it was used, first of all, in the countries of the Near East, Middle East and South Asia in foreign trade operations in the framework of various directions of the so-called Silk Road. This system is also practiced in our days, however, in a slightly modified form, since globalization processes fixed in recent decades throughout the world have influenced its transformation. However, in addition to traditional trading activities, hawala was often used in the criminal activities of various modern organized criminal groups (OCG), including radical Islamists. In this regard, the study of the criminological features of financial transactions through the Hawala system has gained particular relevance. At the same time, the analysis of available sources indicates the insufficient scientific development of this subject. This is especially true of the Russian Federation, which has faced since the beginning of the 90s of XX century with deviations on its territory, including numerous sabotage and terrorist acts, which were often financed through Hawala. As for the domestic law enforcement system, the term “Hawala” itself began to be used only from the middle of the first decade of the new millennium. However, in practice, the situation with countering the financing of terrorism in this area is still not up to par. By the way, in the USA they began to pay attention to this problem only after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, but so far in this country it has not been possible to completely block unwanted financial flows.
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Ridwan, Raihan Zahirah. "The Utilization of Cryptocurrencies by the Terrorist Group as an Alternative Way of Hawala for Illicit Purposes." Jurnal Sentris 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v2i2.4183.88-101.

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Kemajuan bidang teknologi dan komunikasi pada kenyataannya banyak disalahgunakan oleh kelompok teroris. Kelompok teroris menggunakan salah satu teknologi transaksi keuangan daring berupa cryptocurrency untuk tujuan ilegal. Hal ini dikarenakan tradisi hawala yang sudah tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dilakukan dan terdapat beberapa prinsip cryptocurrency yang memberikan peluang lebih besar bagi kelompok teroris untuk bertransaksi serta mencari dana untuk kegiatan operasional mereka. Makalah ini ingin menjawab bagaimana kelompok teroris menggunakan kecanggihan teknologi saat ini berupa cryptocurrency sebagai jalan alternatif dari tradisi hawala untuk tujuan ilegal, dan apa bentuk tindakan penanganan yang baik bagi masalah ini. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi cryptocurrency dari sisi sistem, cara penggunaan, tradisi transaksi tradisional hawala, dan bentuk konkret penggunaan cryptocurrency oleh kelompok teroris. Makalah ini juga akan membahas tentang peluang aktor non negara lainnya seperti perusahaan teknologi swasta dalam membantu menangani penyalahgunaan cryptocurrency. Makalah ini menggunakan organizational approach terorisme dan konsep digital counterterrorism.
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Soudjin, Melvin. "Hawala and Money Laundering: Potential Use of Red Flags for Persons Offering Hawala Services." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 21, no. 2 (March 21, 2014): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-014-9238-6.

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18

Rahimi, Haroun. "How to create better Hawala regulations: a case study of Hawala regulations in Afghanistan." Crime, Law and Social Change 76, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-021-09959-w.

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19

Lencha, Semaria Moga, Jens Tränckner, and Mihret Dananto. "Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178904.

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The rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and poor wastewater management practices have led to an intense water quality impediment in Lake Hawassa Watershed. This study has intended to engage the different water quality indices to categorize the suitability of the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed for anthropogenic uses and identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters at selected sites and periods was conducted throughout May 2020 to January 2021 to assess the present status of the Lake Watershed. In total, 19 monitoring sites and 21 physicochemical parameters were selected and analyzed in a laboratory. The Canadian council of ministries of the environment (CCME WQI) and weighted arithmetic (WA WQI) water quality indices have been used to cluster the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed and the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) has been employed to identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. The water quality is generally categorized as unsuitable for drinking, aquatic life and recreational purposes and it is excellent to unsuitable for irrigation depending on the sampling location and the applied indices. Specifically, in WA WQI, rivers were excellent for agricultural uses and Lake Hawassa was good for agricultural uses. However, the CCME WQI findings showed rivers were good for irrigation but lake Hawassa was marginal for agricultural use. Point sources were impaired for all envisioned purposes. The overall category of Lake Hawassa falls under a eutrophic state since the average TSI was 65.4 and the lake is phosphorous-deficient, having TN:TP of 31.1. The monitored point sources indicate that the city of Hawassa and its numerous industrial discharges are key polluters, requiring a fast and consequent set-up of an efficient wastewater infrastructure, accompanied by a rigorous monitoring of large point sources (e.g., industry, hospitals and hotels). In spite of the various efforts, the recovery of Lake Hawassa may take a long time as it is hydrologically closed. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water supply, a central supply system according to World Health organization (WHO) standards also for the fringe inhabitants still using lake water is imperative. Introducing riparian buffer zones of vegetation and grasses can support the direct pollution alleviation measures and is helpful to reduce the dispersed pollution coming from the population using latrines. Additionally, integrating aeration systems like pumping atmospheric air into the bottom of the lake using solar energy panels or diffusers are effective mitigation measures that will improve the water quality of the lake. In parallel, the implementation and efficiency control of measures requires coordinated environmental monitoring with dedicated development targets.
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Nurlaela, Nunung, Muthi Luthfiyana, Andini Sulastri, and Evy Sulvy Wahyunita. "REVIEWING THE FATWAS RELATED TO FINTECH APPLICATIONS IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA." Share: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 9, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/share.v9i2.7989.

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The tendency of the community towards halal products is currently increasing, not only related to objects/goods but also related to muamalah/interactions. The development of the latest fintech applications needs to be examined and detailed again, to be linked with related sharia law. In addition to examining legal status, an interesting thing to develop is how to formulate a fintech application that is following the Islamic economic perspective. Therefore, it is crucial to always review the National Sharia Board – Indonesian Council of Ulama (Dewan Syariah Nasional – Majelis Ulama Indonesia – DSN-MUI)’s fatwa related to fintech applications in Islamic financial institutions (LKS). The results of this study will be used as input for DSN-MUI to formulate policies and fatwas that is issued. This research is a qualitative type. The research subjects are; (1) Sharia Cards, (2) Sharia Charge Cards, (3) Transfers and Collections, (4) Payment Services, and (5) Sharia Electronic Money. There are differences in the bases for determining the contract of each of these products between Islamic countries. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the sharia card product is more appropriate to use the hawalah contract than the kafalah contract, and it is necessary to fix fines due to maturity, monthly fees that are not related to the amount of debt, and to write off merchant fees; (2) Sharia Charge Card products should use a hawalah contract rather than a kafalah contract and need to eliminate fines due to late payment; (3) the use of the wakalah contract on transfer and collection products is correct; (4) payment service products that use a wakalah and ijarah contract should be sufficient to use one of the two; and (5) electronic money can function as money, with transactions using the hawalah principle, as well as debit cards (wadi'ah principles). So, four improvements are proposed to the DSN-MUI fatwas related to the fintech application.========================================================================================================Tinjauan Terhadap Fatwa Terkait Penerapan Fintech pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah di Indonesia. Kecenderungan masyarakat terhadap produk-produk halal saat ini semakin meningkat, tidak hanya terkait dengan benda/barang namun juga terkait muamalah/interaksi. Perkembangan aplikasi fintech terbaru perlu dicermati dan didetailkan lagi, untuk dikaitkan dengan hukum syariat terkait. Selain pencermatan status hukum, hal yang menarik untuk dikembangkan adalah bagaimana merumuskan aplikasi fintech yang sesuai dengan pandangan ekonomi Islam. Oleh karena itu sangat perlu untuk selalu meninjau fatwa DSN-MUI terkait aplikasi fintech pada lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS). Hasil kajian ini akan menjadi masukan bagi DSN-MUI untuk merumuskan kebijakan-kebijakan dan fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkannya. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah: (1) Syariah Card, (2) Syariah Charge Card, (3) Transfer dan Inkaso, (4) Jasa Pembayaran, dan (5) Uang Elektronik Syariah. Terdapat perbedaan dasar-dasar penentuan akad dari setiap produk tersebut di antara negeri-negeri Islam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) produk syariah card lebih tepat menggunakan akad hawalah dibandingkan dengan akad kafalah, serta perlu membenahi denda akibat jatuh tempo, monthly fee yang tidak dikaitkan dengan jumlah utang, dan menghapus merchant fee; (2) produk Syariah Charge Card sebaiknya menggunakan akad hawalah dibandingkan dengan akad kafalah serta perlu menghilangkan denda akibat keterlambatan pelunasan; (3) penggunaan akad wakalah pada produk transfer dan inkaso sudah tepat; (4) produk jasa pembayaran yang menggunakan akad wakalah dan ijarah seharusnya cukup menggunakan salah satu dari keduanya; dan (5) uang elektronik dapat berfungsi sebagaimana uang, dengan transaksi menggunakan prinsip hawalah, sebagaimana kartu debit (prinsip wadi’ah). Jadi, diusulkan empat perbaikan atas fatwa–fatwa DSN-MUI terkait aplikasi fintech.
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Looney, Robert. "Hawala: The Terrorist's Informal Financial Mechanism." Middle East Policy 10, no. 1 (March 2003): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4967.00099.

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Redín, Dulce M., Reyes Calderón, and Ignacio Ferrero. "Exploring the Ethical Dimension of Hawala." Journal of Business Ethics 124, no. 2 (September 3, 2013): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1874-0.

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Passas, Nikos. "Indicators of hawala operations and criminal abuse." Journal of Money Laundering Control 8, no. 2 (April 2005): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685200510621145.

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Shanmugam, Bala. "Hawala and money laundering: a Malaysian perspective." Journal of Money Laundering Control 8, no. 1 (January 2005): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685200510621181.

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Razavy, Maryam, and Kevin D. Haggerty. "Hawala Under Scrutiny: Documentation, Surveillance and Trust." International Political Sociology 3, no. 2 (June 2009): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00068.x.

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Passas, Nikos. "Law enforcement challenges in hawala‐related investigations." Journal of Financial Crime 12, no. 2 (April 2005): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790510624963.

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Jamwal, N. S. "Hawala‐the invisible financing system of terrorism." Strategic Analysis 26, no. 2 (April 2002): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160208450038.

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Chane, Kumilachew, Fsaha Mebrahtu Gebru, and Baseem Khan. "Short Term Load Forecasting of Distribution Feeder Using Artificial Neural Network Technique." Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/002.01.002.

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This paper explains the load forecasting technique for prediction of electrical load at Hawassa city. In a deregulated market it is much need for a generating company to know about the market load demand for generating near to accurate power. If the generation is not sufficient to fulfill the demand, there would be problem of irregular supply and in case of excess generation the generating company will have to bear the loss. Neural network techniques have been recently suggested for short-term load forecasting by a large number of researchers. Several models were developed and tested on the real load data of a Finnish electric utility at Hawassa city. The authors carried out short-term load forecasting for Hawassa city using ANN (Artificial Neural Network) technique ANN was implemented on MATLAB and ETAP. Hourly load means the hourly power consumption in Hawassa city. Error was calculated as MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) and with error of about 1.5296% this paper was successfully carried out. This paper can be implemented by any intensive power consuming town for predicting the future load and would prove to be very useful tool while sanctioning the load.
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Kumela, Teshome, Esayas Mendesil, Bayu Enchalew, Menale Kassie, and Tadele Tefera. "Effect of the Push-Pull Cropping System on Maize Yield, Stem Borer Infestation and Farmers’ Perception." Agronomy 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080452.

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The productivity of maize in Ethiopia has remained lower than the world average because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Stemborers and poor soil fertility are among the main factors that contribute to this poor maize productivity. A novel cropping strategy, such as the use of push-pull technology, is one of the methods known to solve both challenges at once. A push-pull technology targeting the management of maize stemborers was implemented in the Hawassa district of Ethiopia with the ultimate goal of increased food security among smallholder farmers. This study evaluated farmers’ perception of push-pull technology based on their experiences and observations of the demonstration plots that were established on-farm in Dore Bafano, Jara Gelelcha and Lebu Koremo village of the Hawasa district in 2016 and 2017. This study examined farmers’ perception of the importance of push-pull technology in controlling stemborers and improving soil fertility and access to livestock feed. In both cropping seasons, except for Jara Gelelcha, the maize grain yields were significantly higher in the climate-adapted push-pull plots compared to the maize monocrop plots. The majority (89%) of push-pull technology-practising farmers rated the technology better than their maize production methods on attributes such as access to new livestock feed and the control of stemborer damage. As a result, approximately 96% of the interviewed farmers were interested in adopting the technology starting in the upcoming crop season. Awareness through training and effective dissemination strategies should be strengthened among stakeholders and policymakers for the sustainable use and scaling-up of push-pull technology.
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Misganaw, Chanie Derso, and Walelign Demisie Bayou. "Tuber Yield and Yield Component Performance of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Varieties in Fafen District, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (April 13, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5836452.

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Since there is a variety of performance in cassava varieties for different agroecologies and there was no cassava production before in Ethiopian Somali regional state, Fafen district in particular. Investigation of the performance of higher tuber yielded cassava variety is the main concern for this study. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate tuber yield performance of cassava varieties. To do so, four varieties (kello, Qulle, Hawassa-4, and Chichu) were collected from Hawassa Agricultural Research Center and planted in Fafen district where there is arid climatic condition. Thirty-centimeter-long stakes were planted with 1 m × 1 m intra- and inter-row spacing with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were four rows, five plants per row and twenty plants per plot. Phenological, growth, and agronomic parameters were analyzed using SAS software; mean differences were compared using LSD at p≤0.05. The result revealed that days to 50% establishment of the stem cuttings of variety “Qulle” were performed within 15.6 days. Among all varieties, Chichu and Hawassa-4 had the highest number of plant stand count, 88.3 and 86.7%, respectively. The highest number of mean multiplication ratio, secondary branches per plant, and mean plant height were obtained with variety “Qulle.” With regards to tuber yield and its components, there was significant difference among understudied cassava varieties. The highest tuber yield (23.93 t/ha) was registered in variety “Hawassa-4” followed by Kello (19.90 t/ha) and Qulle (18.73 t/ha). It implies that variety “Hawassa-4” performed best in the test area and hence recommended in test area.
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de Goede, Marieke. "Hawala Discourses and the War on Terrorist Finance." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 5 (October 2003): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d310t.

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Rusten Wang, Jonas. "Regulating Hawala: a comparison of five national approaches." Journal of Money Laundering Control 14, no. 3 (July 19, 2011): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685201111147522.

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Firew, T., F. Daniel, and S. S. Solomon. "Performance assessment of wastewater treatment plant of Hawassa St. George Brewery, Hawassa, Ethiopia." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 22, no. 8 (September 12, 2018): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i8.23.

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Falikhatun, Falikhatun, Sri Iswati, and Mohammad Saleh. "PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN SOSIAL PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 63–670. http://dx.doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v5i1.166.

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalammengenai produk pembiayaan sosial pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Paradigma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah paradigma interpretif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menggali informasi yang terkait dengan pengalaman Muqridh (orang yang berpiutang) dalam implementasi produk pembiayaan sosial. Pengumpulan data dilakukandengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Fenomenologi Interpretatif. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa menurut pengalaman Muqridh, obyek produk pembiayaan sosial pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia meliputi Uang Muka Gaji (UMG), Rahn Emas dan HawalahKata kunci: Hawalah, Rahn Emas, Uang Muka GajiABSTRACT. The study aims to analyze in depth about social financing products on Islamic banking in Indonesia. The paradigm that is used in this research is interpretive paradigm approach to Phenomenology. This approach is used to dig up the information associated with the experience of Muqridh in the implementation of social financing products. Data collection is done with the interview, observation and documentation, while analysis is the analysis of Interpretive Phenomenology. The results of the analysis concluded thataccording to the experience of the Muqridh, the object of social financingproducts on Islamic banking in Indonesia include an advance salary, the gold Rahn and the HawalahKeywords: Hawalah, Gold Rahn Emas, Advance salary
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Zaky, Achmad. "ANALISIS ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN TAKE OVER BERDASARKAN PRINSIP SYARIAH (HAWALAH)." IMANENSI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi Islam 1, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34202/imanensi.1.2.2014.117-134.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kesesuaian karakteristik akad dan prinsip syariah, serta implikasi perlakuan akuntansi masing-masing alternatif yang ditawarkan oleh Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor: 31/DSN-MUI/VI/2002 tentang pengalihan hutang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan (library research), dimana data-data diperoleh dari buku, jurnal, maupun catatan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing alternatif yang merupakan rangkaian akad qardh, ijarah, murabahah, syirkah al milk dan ijarah muntahiyah bit at tamlik menghadapi kendala pada ketidaksesuaian dengan prinsip dan karakteristik transaksi syariah, meskipun telah difatwakan oleh DSN MUI. Selain itu, masing-masing alternatif yang ditawarkan memiliki implikasi perlakuan akuntansi yang relatif kompleks.
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Khalid, Asma. "Pakistan’s Parallel Foreign Exchange Market." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, Special Edition (September 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a1.

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This paper seeks to describe and analyze the parallel foreign exchange (FX) market in Pakistan. The very nature of this market implies that there is little formal documentation or data to describe it, and so any assessment will be, by definition, subjective. However, parties that transact in the parallel market are familiar with parts of it, on which basis this paper aims to give a comprehensive picture of the structure and evolution of this market in Pakistan. We start with a brief historical perspective, which flags the importance of workers’ remittances to the country and explains how the bulk of this inflow is transacted through the hundi/hawala network (informal moneychangers). We then place this network within the context of the larger FX market and show how it interfaces with the interbank market. We also discuss how many hundi/hawala agents have evolved into formal exchange companies and list the various sources and uses of FX transacted in the kerb market. The conclusion spells out the importance and resilience of the parallel FX market, the need to push toward full amalgamation with the formal FX market, and the key role of workers’ remittances in Pakistan’s macro-economy.
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Assefa, Girum T., Adane C. Koster, and Nura K. Nurhussein. "Pattern of skin diseases among patients attending Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20211453.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Spectrum of skin diseases varies from region to region due to several factors such as genetics, socioeconomic and environmental. This study aimed to determine the pattern of various skin disorders appearing in the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: All patients attending the dermatology clinic of the Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, from January 2017 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective analysis. The medical records of the patients were obtained from registry books. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7727 patients attended the dermatology clinic of HUCSH. Out of these samples, 18.1% of patients repeatedly came to the hospital for a follow up visit related to their diseases, while 81.9% were enrolled as new cases.</p><p>There were more males (51.9%) than females. More than three quarter of the cases were aged above 16 years while less than a quarter were children below 16 years. Eczema was diagnose in 2734 (35.4%), being the most common cause for attendance, followed by infectious disease (23.3%) and disease of the skin appendages (12.1%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Eczema was the most common skin disease seen in our study, followed by infectious disease and disease of the skin appendages. Concerted effort need to be made to control these conditions and training of the primary health care providers and education of General Practitioners in Dermatology must emphasize these common conditions, with the aim of improving primary health care and alleviating the burden of hospital care.</p>
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Ignatova, Tatiana V., and Andrey I. Dobayev. "ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE HAWALA SYSTEM." Islam in the modern world 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2016): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2016-12-4-149-170.

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Schramm, Matthias, and Markus Taube. "Evolution and institutional foundation of the hawala financial system." International Review of Financial Analysis 12, no. 4 (January 2003): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-5219(03)00032-2.

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Thompson, Edwina A. "An Introduction to the Concept and Origins of Hawala." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 10, no. 1 (2008): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180508x308509.

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van de Bunt, Henk. "A case study on the misuse of hawala banking." International Journal of Social Economics 35, no. 9 (August 2008): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290810896316.

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Thompson, Edwina A. "Misplaced Blame: Islam, Terrorism and the Origins of Hawala." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 11, no. 1 (2007): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-90000009.

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43

Razavy, Maryam. "Hawala: An underground haven for terrorists or social phenomenon?" Crime, Law and Social Change 44, no. 3 (October 2005): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9019-3.

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Menjetta, Tadesse, Serkadis Debalke, and Daniel Dana. "Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 6 (March 6, 2019): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000075.

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AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by different species of genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma mansoni causes a severe intestinal parasitic infection of high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, S. mansoni infection among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia, using a cross-sectional study design. A total of 243 fishermen were selected from the Hawassa Town Fishermen Association’s list in 2013. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected from the fishermen using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using the Kato–Katz thick smear technique. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths, including S. mansoni, was 69.54%. Similar prevalences of S. mansoni were recorded in age groups 15–19, 20–24 and 25–29 years: 31.82%, 31.75% and 31.94%, respectively. Fishermen who swam a minimum of once a week in Lake Hawassa were 2.92 times (95% CI: 1.554, 5.502) more likely to have acquired S. mansoni infection than those who swam in the lake less than once a week. The results indicate moderate endemicity of S. mansoni infection among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa. These fishermen could be a potentially high-risk group for S. mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of infection to other segments of the community visiting the lake for recreation. Moreover, a high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) was recorded among the fishermen. Integrated prevention and control strategies for schistosomiasis and STHs by different sectors are needed to tackle this problem.
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Fadillah, Rahmat. "HADIS-HADIS TENTANG JASA (FEE-BASED SERVED): WAKALAH, KAFALAH, HAWALAH." Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) 2, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v2i2.511.

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Pesatnya perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia dirasa mulai mengalir disaat para muslimin-muslimat aktif terlibat dalam segala aspek perekonomian syariah. Berbagai aplikasi pelayanan berupa produk keuangan pun telah disediakan oleh masing-masing lembaga Keuangan Syariah baik yang Bank maupun yang non Bank (Baitul Mal Wattamwil, Koperasi Syariah, Takaful, Pegadaian Syariah, Reksadana Syariah, Pasar Modal Syariah, Obligasi Syariah/Sukuk, Lembaga ZISWAF). Wakalah, Kafalah, maupun Hawalah tiga materi ini merupakan praktik transaksi Syari’ah yang kita gunakan baik dalam perbankan maupun pada kehidupan sehari-hari, adapun dasar hukum yang melandasi tiga akad tersebut salah satunya dari hadits-hadits. Sehingga umat muslim patut untuk mengamalkan dan ikut turut andil dalam mengembangkan ekonomi yang berlandaskan asas syariah.
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Kassa, Andargachew, and Endrias Markos Woldesemayat. "Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus among Patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2509242.

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Background. The burden of noncommunicable disease (NCD) in Africa is on a remarkable rise exacerbating the poor public health status affected by the existing but yet unsolved communicable disease. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidence regarding prevalence and risk factors to NCD. Objective. This study sought to determine the prevalence of risk factors of NCDs, prevalence of DM and HTN, and risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Method. This is an institution based cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 411 clients attending a university-based comprehensive specialized hospital in Southern Ethiopia. The data was collected by using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist. Frequency, proportions, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 20. Result. We identified 64.2% of the clients had at least one of the risk factors to the NCDs. One-third (33.3%) had physical inactivity, whereas 20.2% had a BMI of ≥ 25%. The prevalence of DM and HTN was 12.2% and 10.5%, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≥ 60 years, physical inactivity, higher BMI, and cigarette smoking were risk factors for at least one of the NCDs. Conclusion. The prevalence of DM and prevalence of HTN were high. The magnitudes of risk factors to NCDs among the study population were substantial. Higher BMI, physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol use, khat chewing, and cigarette smoking were among the prevailing risk factors identified.
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Belay, Degwale Gebeyehu, and Getu Alemu Robi. "Socio-Economic and Psychological Risks of Unemployed Youth in Developing Countries." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 7, no. 2 (April 2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2018040104.

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Urban youth unemployment has become a worldwide phenomenon in which Ethiopia is not an exception. Hawassa as among major cities of Ethiopia has become a home for many unemployed young people. This article has an overall objective of assessing the socio-economic and psychological risks of unemployed youth in Hawassa city. To address this objective, the article adopted both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A total of 157 unemployed youth were taken as a sample. Moreover, FGDs with unemployed youth and key informant interviews with different government institutions were important data collection tools. The findings reveal that unemployment affects the marital status, dignity, self-esteem, social status, education, and other socio-economic and psychological attributes of young people.
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Zeryehun, Tesfaheywet, and Biruk Alemu. "Major Gross Lesions of Lung in Cattle Slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017 (December 11, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1702852.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017, to estimate the prevalence of major gross lung lesions in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, southern Ethiopia. A total of 563 male cattle were examined by antemortem examination, while postmortem lung lesions were done using standard inspection procedures. Association between prevalence and the explanatory variables was estimated by way of chi-square/Fischer’s exact tests using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) software. Upon postmortem examination, 96.6% (544/563) of cattle examined had various gross lung lesions. The most important lesions identified were hydatidosis, emphysema, congestion, and atelectasis with prevalence of 45.3%, 19.2%, 18.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Based on origins of slaughtered animals, hydatid cyst, emphysema, and congestion were common in cattle that came from Tula area with prevalence of 46.3%, 20.4%, and 20%, respectively. The animals from Arsi-negelle and Hawassa were mostly affected by hydatid cyst with prevalence of 44.4% and 42.5%, respectively. Statistically significant association (p=.038) was observed between prevalence of atelectasis and body condition of slaughtered cattle. In conclusion, the prevalence of hydatidosis was the major lesion in the lung of slaughtered cattle at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir. Therefore, appropriate disease control strategies should be put in place.
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Molla, Asressie, Debebe Shaweno, and Dr P. Surender Reddy. "Risky Sexual Behavior among Secondary and Tertiary Level Students, Hawassa, Ethiopia." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 7 (June 15, 2012): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/july2014/86.

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Molla, Asressie, Debebe Shaweno, and Dr P. Surender Reddy. "Risky Sexual Behavior Among Secondary and Tertiary Level Students, Hawassa, Ethiopia." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/july2014/62.

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