Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hay bales

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Hay bales'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hay bales"

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BÉLANGER, G., A. M. ST-LAURENT, C. A. ESAU, J. W. G. NICHOLSON, and R. E. McQUEEN. "UREA FOR THE PRESERVATION OF MOIST HAY IN BIG ROUND BALES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 1043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-110.

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Urea was evaluated in two experiments as a preservative of moist grass hay stored in big round bales. Three levels of urea: 0, 24 and 46 g urea kg−1 forage (wet weight basis) were applied to hay at two moisture levels (23 and 29%) in exp. 1. The effects of applying 40 g urea per kilogram forage having 23% moisture and of a plastic cover over the bales during storage were evaluated in exp. 2. Hay baled at 29% moisture in exp. 1 lost more moisture during storage, had a greater temperature increase and a higher ratio of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen to total nitrogen after storage than hay baled at 23% moisture. The addition of urea at a rate of 40 g kg−1 forage and above (wet weight basis) reduced microbial activity as indicated by lower bale temperatures during storage, subsequent lower cell wall concentration after storage and visual appraisal even though less than 45% of the urea was hydrolyzed. Urea addition also improved the digestibility of moist hay. The nitrogen content of hay was increased by approximately 14.5 g kg−1. The plastic cover over the bales did not increase the effect of urea even though it slightly reduced the ammonia loss to the air. Key words: Urea, moist hay, round bales, preservation
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Borowski, Sylwester, Jerzy Kaszkowiak, and Edmund Dulcet. "How to Harvest Haylage Bales in Sustainable Agriculture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 11508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311508.

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Storing silage in round bales (balage) is a commonly used method for preserving forage for use as stock fodder that has a higher nutritional content than hay. Baling at the optimum density is important for ensuring ideal fermentation conditions. In the manuscript, we present the research methodology and the results of the experiment. We did experiments over the density of haylage bales. We investigated the effect of the moisture content in the harvested material, the length of the cut material and the pressing pressure in the round baler. We used the Barenbrug BG-5 forage mix at different moisture content levels (69, 63, 56, 49, and 42%), that was either unchopped or chopped by the round baler’s cutter bars (312 and 183 mm length) and baled at three different pressing pressures (0.9, 1.4, and 1.8 MPa). The results showed that forage density in the bales reached the highest value at a moisture content of 56% and a pressing pressure of 1.8 MPa, with the forage chopped by the cutter bars.
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Cochrane, MJ, and RB Wickes. "Nutrient losses in cereal and pasture hays stored in three types of hay packages in the open in two environments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850326.

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Cereal and pasture hays, cut at the same site, were packaged into medium-sized round bales, large round bales and stacks. Halfthe number of each hay type and of each hay package were stored in the open for up to 15 months in a 500 mm rainfall area and half were transported to and stored for up to 15 months in a 1000 mm rainfall area. Densities of the pasture hay packages were within the manufacturers' specified ranges but those of the cereal hay packages were lower. Medium-sized round bales were less dense than large round bales and weathered more than large round bales and stacks after 10 and 15 months storage. Cereal hay packages deteriorated more than pasture hay packages with long-term storage. Medium-sized round bales lost more dry matter than large round bales after storage over the winter and more digestible dry matter over this period and after long-term storage. They also lost more crude protein than large round bales when stored over the first summer and over the following winter. It was economic to store all packages in the open over the first summer. It was uneconomic to store medium-sized round bales in the open over the following winter, while storage of large round bales and stacks was economic. For long-term storage, it was uneconomic to store any of the hay packages in the open, and storage under cover would have to be considered.
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Webster, John. "Schizophyllum in Hay Bales." Mycologist 5, no. 3 (July 1991): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80304-2.

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Lomas, L. W., J. W. Slocombe, and G. A. Milliken. "Storage Losses From Large Round Bales of Alfalfa, Tall Fescue, and Big Bluestem Hay." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 2 (2018): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12681.

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Abstract. An 18-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of storage location, wrapping material, storage surface, and cover on losses of dry matter (DM) and nutrients from large round hay bales. The study consisted of (n=40 bales each) of alfalfa ( L.), tall fescue [ (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], and big bluestem () hay. Bales were wrapped with plastic twine or plastic net and stored indoors or outdoors. Bales stored outdoors were placed on soil or crushed rock with either no cover or thetophalf covered by a tarp. Bales were individually weighed and sampled at harvest and again after 6, 12, and 18 months of storage. Samples were analyzed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) values were calculated. After 18 months of storage, alfalfa and fescue hay stored inside had a greater (P<0.05) DM concentration and smaller (P<0.05) DM loss than hay stored outside. Storage location and/or treatment had no effect (P>0.05) on DM loss from big bluestem hay. Across all hay types, net-wrapped bales stored outside had numerically smaller DM loss than twine-wrapped bales; however, differences in most cases were not significant (P>0.05). Alfalfa bales stored outside on crushed rock had smaller (P<0.05) DM loss than those stored on soil 18 months after harvest. Storage surface had little or no effect on DM loss from tall fescue and big bluestem hay at any sampling time. Covering the top half of the bale consistently reduced DM loss from alfalfa and tall fescue hay stored outside, but had no effect (P>0.05) on storage losses from big bluestem hay. The effects of storage treatment on CP, NDF, ADF, and TDN were small and in most cases were not significant (P>0.05). The results of this study indicate that alfalfa hay should either be stored inside, or outside on rock with the top-half covered to minimize DM loss. Fescue and big bluestem hay can be stored outside with minimal losses using any of the storage treatments evaluated provided bales are stored on a well-drained surface. Keywords: Alfalfa, Big bluestem, Dry matter, Hay, Net-wrap, Quality, Round bales, Storage losses, Tall fescue.
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Hand, R. K., W. Winchell, K. Lopetinsky, L. A. Goonewardene, B. Yaremcio, and W. L. Slack. "Effects of top covering and ground base on round bale hay quality over winter." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-050.

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The effect of top treatments no-cover (NC), tallow (TL) and tarp (TR) and bottom treatments gravel (G) and soil (S) on dry matter (DM) and quality changes over 290 d were studied in round hay bales. Total DM losses in TR (1.3%) were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than NC (5.7%) and TL (10.2%). Bales stored on G had less DM loss at the bottom of the bale (1%) compared to S (1.3%). Tallow mixture was not effective in protecting bales stored outside. Key words: Tallow, tarp, soil, gravel, hay, nutrients, round bales
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Reiter, Amanda S., Craig C. Sheaffer, M. Scotty Wells, Amanda M. Grev, Marcia A. Hathaway, Bill Lazarus, and Krishona Martinson. "Effect of Alfalfa Cultivar and Bale Wrap Type on Dry Matter and Forage Quality of Large Round Bales in Outdoor Storage." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 6 (2020): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13799.

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HighlightsTime to bind a round bale was longest for twine (56 s) compared to B-Wrap® (28 s) and net wrap (18 s).Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on changes in dry matter and forage quality of round bales stored outdoors.Dry matter losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM in outdoor storage.Deleterious changes in forage quality were generally observed after =180 days of outdoor storage. Abstract. Large round bales are commonly fed to livestock; however, it has been well documented that outdoor storage can negatively impact dry matter (DM) and forage quality. To reduce storage losses and improve feeding value, new wrap types and alfalfa cultivars have been developed; however, these options have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the time required to bind large round bales, determine changes in DM and forage quality, and examine the economics of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa hay bound in twine, net wrap, and B-Wrap® while in outdoor storage. Hay was baled into 24 large round bales; 12 bales each of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa. Within each cultivar, four replicates were bound with each wrap type. Using stopwatches, the time to bind each bale was recorded. At the time of harvest, and every 90±3 days for 365 days, individual bales were weighed and cored to determine changes in DM and forage quality. Significance was set at P = 0.05. Time to bind a bale was longest for twine, intermediate for B-Wrap®, and shortest for net wrap (P &lt; 0.01). Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on the parameters measured; therefore, the interaction between wrap type and storage length was reported. After 365 days in outdoor storage, DM losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM. Changes in forage quality were observed at =180 days of storage where nonstructural carbohydrates were decreased and insoluble fiber components were concentrated. B-Wrap® bales had a higher value compared to net wrap and twines bales at 180 and 270 days in storage. These results suggest that B-Wrap® was better able to shed precipitation which preserved forage quality and bale value compared to large round bales bound in net wrap and twine in long term, outdoor storage. Keywords: B-Wrap®, Bale value, Net wrap, Reduced-lignin alfalfa, Twine.
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LAFLAMME, L. F. "EFFECTS OF STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR LARGE ROUND BALES ON QUALITY OF GRASS-LEGUME HAY." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-110.

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Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of storage conditions on the quality of large round bales (LRB). Samples were taken at 75-d intervals from LRB stored inside, outside single bales covered with a 15-mm black polyethylene plastic bag, outside uncovered as single bales, outside uncovered in a single row and outside uncovered in a double stacked row. Bales were sampled at depths of 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm. Time, storage and depth factors had an influence on the chemical components of the LRB except for protein. Weathering had the most effect after 150 d of storage and with LRB stored uncovered and in the top 15-cm layer. Significant (P < 0.05) interactions in in vitro dry matter digestibilities were found for storage time × depth of sample, storage time × storage methods and for depth of sample × storage methods. Under the conditions of our experiments, weathering damages were limited to the superficial layer of LRB left uncovered. Key words: Large round bales, weathering, storage, moisture
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Hersom, Matt, Todd Thrift, and Joel Yelich. "Implications of Round Bale Dimensions on Hay Use." EDIS 2016, no. 6 (August 8, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-an326-2016.

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The dimensions of large round bales make a difference in many cases. Bale size determines the amount of hay in a purchased bale, the amount of nutrients in pounds, and the extent of spoilage during storage and feeding. Large round bales, the predominant form of hay made and fed to cattle, are under discussion. This 3-page fact sheet is a new document that examines the significance of bale dimensions, volume, density, and weight as well as the relationship of these factors to hay prices. Written by Matt Hersom, Todd Thrift, and Joel Yelich, and published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, June 2016. AN326/AN326: Implications of Round Bale Dimensions on Hay Use (ufl.edu)
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Mir, Z., P. S. Mir, E. Z. Jan, D. H. McCartney, and J. A. Robertson. "Effects of microbial inoculant and moisture content on preservation and quality of round baled alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-002.

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The effects of microbial inoculant and moisture content of alfalfa, stored as large round bales, on preservation and quality were examined in a 3-yr study. Alfalfa was round baled at 18, 45 and 60% moisture with 45 and 60% moisture bales stored in 23-m-long plastic tubes. At each moisture level, half the bales were treated with a microbial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) during baling. All bales were weighed and sampled prior to storage (into storage) and prior to feeding (out of storage) with a core sampler. Field recovery and crude protein content of forage at 18% moisture were significantly lower than for forage at 45 and 60% moisture levels. ADF contents were decreased (P < 0.01) by moisture content in year 1, while the NDF contents were affected similarly in all the 3 yr. Storage recoveries were not affected by either moisture content or inoculant. Nutritive value of forages was evaluated, using completely randomized designs, in feeding trials with 96 steers and digestibility trials with 36 wethers. Dry matter intake by steers and nutrient digestibility in sheep were not affected (P < 0.05) by either moisture level or inoculant treatment. Feed conversion efficiencies and average daily gain of steers receiving 45 and 60% moisture forage were higher than for those fed 18% moisture forage. Results from this study indicated that harvesting alfalfa at 45 and 60% moisture as silage produced a better-quality product for steers than at 18% moisture dry hay and that treatment with microbial inoculant was not beneficial in preserving high moisture forage. Key words: Alfalfa, large round bales, inoculant, silage, steer, sheep, digestibility, hay
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hay bales"

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Talley, Justin L. "Management and characterization of stable fly larval habitats at round hay bale feeding sites in pastures." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1072.

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Weller, Sandra. "Detection and prevention of the dispersal of the seeds of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana Trin. & Rupr. (Barkworth)) in hay bales." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2016. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/103000.

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Invasive and noxious weeds are well known as a pervasive problem, imposing significant economic burdens on all areas of agriculture, and thus their control and eradication are of central concern to the industry. Whilst there are multiple possible pathways of weed dispersal in this industry, of particular interest to this discussion is how the unintended dispersal of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) weed seeds, within emergency fodder, may be prevented. Periodic drought is a feature of the Australian climate, which, together with natural disasters of flood and bushfire, necessitates the urgent provision of emergency fodder for maintenance of livestock production. However, previous investigations into weed seed dispersal by this fodder type have revealed a significant risk for the dispersal of a number of noxious weeds well beyond their current range. Because preventive work, relating to detection and eradication of noxious species, is at an early stage of development, the development of faster, more reliable, and non-destructive sampling methods for seed species has become essential. In addition to prevention of weed seed dispersal in fodder, the use of appropriate methods of controlling troublesome pasture weeds in situ is of relevance for addressing established infestations. Whilst silage preservation is one such typical method that can reduce weed seed input into the soil seed bank, there is currently little data on the absolute effectiveness of this method for control of N. neesiana. To investigate whether rapid detection of seeds in bales is possible and how the numbers of seeds in a pasture are linked to the numbers of seeds that may be incorporated into hay bales made from an infested pasture, an investigation of a rapid, non-destructive technique to detect seeds in bales, together with an examination of a pasture to estimate seed density and dispersal prior to baling, were carried out. Additionally, since pastures infested with this weed are of no use for producing hay and little use for grazing, a third experiment was devised, which was an investigation of silaging for preventing inadvertent seed input into pasture soil seed banks. This thesis has shown that this approach of non-destructive core sampling of bales to detect the seeds of N. neesiana, and possibly others, which can be visually recognised, shows promise for those involved in weed control. Similarly, the simultaneous demonstration that silage fermentation is an efficient viable method for both eliminating viability of mature (germinable) seeds of this species while also reducing the probability of injury to livestock from these seeds, confirms that reducing the impact of this weed in agro-ecological systems and on livestock during emergency situations is possible.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Guertin, Léon. "Le sechage des balles de foin denses à basse température /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60522.

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Rectangular bales of hay measuring 35 x 46 x 84 cm baled to a density ranging from 145 to 172,4 kg/m$ sp3$ were dried on a dryer which can contain 4 300 bales for a total weight of approximately 130 tons. A 1,2 meter fan activated by a 60 kw L.P. Gaz engine insured an air flow of 840 m$ sp3$/min at 625 Pa of static pressure. This research has clearly demonstrated that approximately 50% of the drying air flowed between the bales placed on the dryer. By increasing the flow of air, the drying rate of the bales of hay was also increased. The results obtained prove of the effect of both temperature and relative humidity of the air on drying capacity. Finally, the dryer was more efficient when ten (10) rows of bales were dried at one time rather than 5. It would be desirable to develop a mathematical model to produce a computer simulation of drying applied to bales of hay. Efficient strategies to improve drying procedures of densely baled hay could thus be developed.
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Dittmer, Colburn. "Analysis of Zigbee Wireless Data Communication Through Baled Hay." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/731.

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Hay that has been baled with incorrect moisture content or that has been under the influence of moisture has potential to generate heat and create a fire hazard. Traditional means of monitoring baled hay temperature in storage, by inserting a pipe probe with thermometer, are time consuming. A ZigBee wireless sensor network could be used to remotely monitor internal hay bale temperatures. Tests were conducted to determine the maximum amount of hay through which a 2.4 GHz ZigBee module could transmit data and the resulting signal strength (RSSI). Based on analysis of the data, a ZigBee transmitter with 2 mW transmitting power can transmit data through 9 ft of baled hay and a ZigBee transmitter with 50 mW transmitting power can transmit data through 18 ft of baled hay. In general, RSSI decreased significantly with each additional 3 ft of baled hay.
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Larson, Jennifer Lynn. "The Comparison of Airway Responses of Normal Horses Fed Round Bale versus Square Bale Hay." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43464.

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Background – Feeding horses round bale hay (RBH) has been associated with airway inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if horses fed RBH for a 6-week period demonstrated more evidence of airway inflammation than horses fed square bale hay (SBH) of comparable quality. Hypothesis - The respiratory health of horses fed RBH will not differ from horses fed SBH of comparable quality. Animals – Two feeding groups of 15 healthy horses (mixed ages, breeds) from the University riding program. Methods – This was a prospective study performed during fall of 2009. At the beginning and end of a 6- week feeding trial, horses were examined (physical, upper airway endoscopic) and samples (tracheal aspirate (TA), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) collected for cytology and/or bacterial/fungal culture. Hay was analyzed for nutritional value and bacterial/fungal content. Results – Horses fed RBH demonstrated an increase in pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (p=0.0143) and percentage neutrophils (p=0.0078) in the TA samples post-feeding as compared to pre-feeding values. Nutritional analysis of hay and measurements of bacterial/fungal load did not differ over time and/or between hay types. Conclusions and clinical importance – The identification of airway inflammation in the horses fed RBH indicates that factors associated with the manner in which the hay is fed and consumed contribute to the development of subclinical airway inflammation. RBH affords horses continuous daily exposure to hay and as horses bury their muzzles in the bale, exposure to particulate matter is likely increased. These factors may partially explain the response in horses fed RBH. Further studies are required to confirm these predictions.
Master of Science
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Sontag, Ralph. "Hat Bayes eine Chance?" Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400556.

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Workshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" Hat Bayes eine Chance? Seit einigen Monaten oder Jahren werden verstärkt Bayes-Filter eingesetzt, um die Nutz-E-Mail ("`Ham"') vom unerwünschten "`Spam"' zu trennen. Diese stoßen jedoch leicht an ihre Grenzen. In einem zweiten Abschnitt wird ein Filtertest der Zeitschrift c't genauer analysiert.
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Matula, Tomáš. "Techniky umělé inteligence pro filtraci nevyžádané pošty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236060.

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This thesis focuses on the e-mail classification and describes the basic ways of spam filtering. The Bayesian spam classifiers and artificial immune systems are analyzed and applied in this thesis. Furthermore, existing applications and evaluation metrics are described. The aim of this thesis is to design and implement an algorithm for spam filtering. Ultimately, the results are compared with selected known methods.
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Marchan, Francis. "Musiciens et orchestres de bal en Limousin." Paris, EHESS, 1993. https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01172026.

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A partir d'une centaine de questionnaire de musiciens de bal en limousin, l'etude permet d'analyser la morphologie de cette population (caracteristiques sociologiques et musicales) ainsi que les mecanismes de fonctionnement et de regulation des structures ou elle evolue (les orchestres). La specificite des acteurs apparait (issus de milieux modestes, ayant souvent un metier principal sans rapport avec la musique), de meme que la coexistence de deux types d'orchestres (typologies revelees par les analyses factorielles des correspondances). Mis a part les chefs d'orchestres (accordeonistes, fondateurs du groupe), le bal represente souvent pour les professionnels un moyen d'obtenir une couverture sociale et des ressources alimentaires regulieres leur permettant de pratiquer un autre genre de musique plus valorisant. Pour les amateurs, l'activite musicale participe d'une sociabilite forte qui s'accompagne de revenus substantiels. L'analyse historique de cette activite montre que si elle fut une veritable profession, elle en a perdu tous les attributs
A survey on a humdred of dance musicians in the french limousin area enlightens the sociological and musical backgrounds of this population of musicians as well as the mechanisms - of regulation of orchestra. Two main features are established among these performers; a modest origin with a profession generally types related to music and the coexistence of two types of orchestra (typologies showed by correspondences factorial analysis). Apart from the band master (usually accordeonist, group promoter) the ball is for the professional a mean to benefit from the social security system and to acquire a regular means of living; allowing them to pratice a more valuable kind of music. The musical activity enhances the strong sociability of the amateurs as well as a substantial extra-income. Along the history, the profession has seriously declined and lost its aura
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Stellbaum, Constantin Matthias [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Bares. "99mTc-Uptake als quantitativer Parameter der Schilddrüsenszintigraphie : Hat sich der Normbereich geändert? / Constantin Matthias Stellbaum ; Betreuer: Roland Bares." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120164495X/34.

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Cirino, Jose Jair Vianna. "Calculos de potenciais de ionização de algumas bases e aza-analogas utilizando o metodo semi-empirico HAM/3." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249732.

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Orientador: Yuji Takahata
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Books on the topic "Hay bales"

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Stockton, Bill. Today I baled some hay to feed the sheep the coyotes eat. 2nd ed. Guilford, Conn: TwoDot, 2009.

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Stockton, Bill. Today I baled some hay to feed the sheep the coyotes eat. 2nd ed. Guilford, Conn: TwoDot, 2009.

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Stockton, Bill. Today I baled some hay to feed the sheep the coyotes eat. 2nd ed. Guilford, Conn: TwoDot, 2009.

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Varela, Julio Ricardo. Who has the ball? Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.

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Crowne, Alyssa. Orange princess has a ball. United States]: Paw Prints, 2010.

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Sŭng-ju, Paek, and Sin Pŏm-chʻŏl, eds. Yŏjungsaeng samang sakŏn insik kwa Han-Mi tongmaeng. Sŏul: Hanʾguk Kukpang Yŏnʾguwŏn, 2003.

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Yi, Yŏng-ho. SOFA wa Miguk paro algi: Migugin kwa hamkke saraon han chʻŏngnyŏn ŭi Miguk e kwanhan solchik tambaekhan iyagi. Sŏul-si: Yesin, 2003.

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Zhu jin xin ying pan: Zhongguo bian hai fang ying fang xun li. Beijing: Jie fang jun wen yi chu ban she, 2009.

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Wiseman, Mary`. Babes in space: How have women been represented in the science fiction film genre from the 1950's to 2000 and has it reflected the current culture?. London: LCP, 2002.

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Ofer, Zidon, ed. Modern Israeli air power: Aircraft and units of the Israeli Air Force. Houston, TX: Harpia Publishing, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hay bales"

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Brion, Denis J. "What is a Hay Baler?" In Law and Semiotics, 61–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0771-6_4.

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Wolpert, David H., and Charlie E. M. Strauss. "What Bayes has to Say about the Evidence Procedure." In Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods, 61–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8729-7_3.

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Sastry, J. K. R., P. Harika, Trisha Dubey, and Y. Vijay Ditya. "Spam and Ham Classification by Multinomial Naïve Bayes Classification in Text Data." In Cybernetics, Cognition and Machine Learning Applications, 227–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1484-3_26.

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Sastry, J. K. R., P. Harika, Trisha Dubey, and Y. Vijay Ditya. "Spam and Ham Classification by Multinomial Naïve Bayes Classification in Text Data." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1167–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7985-8_121.

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Müller, Britta, and Lea Ellwardt. "Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Old Age." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 181–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_10.

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AbstractThanks to improvements in living standards and health behavior as well as medical progress since the second half of the twentieth century, old age has become a life phase in its own right. This phase usually begins by the transition from working life to retirement (Kohli, 2000). Both the chance of reaching retirement and the life expectancy after retirement have increased significantly (Eisenmenger & Emmerling, 2011). The post-work phase spans several decades for many people now. In addition, people who retire are considerably healthier and more independent than their peers of earlier birth cohorts (Crimmins, 2004). The expansion of this phase of life has been accompanied by a differentiation of older people in terms of health and independence: healthy and active people experience this phase, as do people in need of help and care. This fact is considered by distinguishing between old and very old people (Baltes, 2007). Characteristics of old age are absence of non-compensable health restrictions, self-determination of various activities (e.g., traveling, hobbies, voluntary work), and strong social integration. Overall, the demands of old age can be coped well in this phase. Very old age is characterized by an increase in physical and cognitive losses and diseases, and a decrease in the abilities and possibilities of compensating for deficits (Baltes, 1997; Baltes & Smith, 2003).
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He, Qinyuan, and Hualong Yu. "Optimal Decision Threshold-Moving Strategy for Skewed Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 837–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_85.

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AbstractGaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) is a popular supervised learning algorithm to address various classification issues. GNB has strong theoretical basis, however, its performance tends to be hurt by skewed data distribution. In this study, we present an optimal decision threshold-moving strategy for helping GNB to adapt imbalanced classification data. Specifically, a PSO-based optimal procedure is conducted to tune the posterior probabilities produced by GNB, further repairing the bias on classification boundary. The proposed GNB-ODTM algorithm presents excellent adaptation to skewed data distribution. Experimental results on eight class imbalance data sets also indicate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
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Wüthrich, Mario V., and Michael Merz. "Bayesian Methods, Regularization and Expectation-Maximization." In Springer Actuarial, 207–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12409-9_6.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes some techniques that use Bayes’ theorem. These are classical Bayesian statistical models using, e.g., the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for model fitting. We discuss regularization of regression models such as ridge and LASSO regularization, which has a Bayesian interpretation, and we consider the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The EM algorithm is a general purpose tool that can handle incomplete data settings. We illustrate this for different examples coming from mixture distributions, censored and truncated claims data.
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Loyd, Jenna M., and Alison Mountz. "“Uncle Sam Has a Long Arm”." In Boats, Borders, and Bases. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520287969.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 examines how migrant detention became one part of the vast carceral landscape in Florence and Eloy, Arizona. Neither proximity to the border nor privatization adequately explains the patchwork of carceral facilities in this central Arizona locale. Rather, the landscape of migrant detention builds on multiple histories of confinement, including WWII prisoner of war camps and Florence’s status as Arizona’s prison town, thereby setting the stage to examine the growing interconnections between migrant detention and the burgeoning prison system. The chapter further explores the legal histories of expulsion that form the basis for the development of “criminal alien” legislation, bolstering rationales for detention construction.
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Panagopoulos, Costas. "Introduction." In Bases Loaded, 1–8. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197533062.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the main argument developed in the book—namely, that presidential campaigns have been lavishing greater attention on base voters in recent elections compared with swing or persuadable voters, and that this shift in campaign strategy has had potent political consequences. The introduction also summarizes the plan for the book and describes the chapters that follow.
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"The Ontological Argument and the Criticisms to which it has been subjected." In The Philosophical Bases of Theism, 245–48. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203405666-52.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hay bales"

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Sébastien Descôteaux, Yannick Tremblay, and Philippe Savoie. "Drying Characteristics of High Density Hay Bales." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9311.

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Bledsoe, B. L., D. S. Jaggers, R. S. Freeland, and J. K. Bernard. "Merits of Hollow-Core Large Round Hay Bales." In 1997 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972727.

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NOVÁK, Petr, Jiří MAŠEK, Miroslav BULVA, and Lukáš BENEŠ. "COMPARING THE QUALITY OF ROUND BALERS WORK." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.201.

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Forage harvest belongs to the principal works in contemporary agriculture. Increasingly popular technology is the making round bales. The basic advantage of round balers is application versatility. Harvest method is useful for making hay, straw and haylage, Quality of the bale is dependent on the level of work equipment and operator. This paper is focused on comparing the round baler with variable bale chamber. Round baler Vicon RV 1601 OC14 was compared with round baller Welger RP 435 Master. Both models were equipped with variable chamber. The variable chamber was formed by the endless belts. The evaluation was conducted from quality of work perspective and efficiency. The most important quality parameter was the density of bales. Quality parameters of bales were determined by measuring and weighing. Straw bales and haylage bales were used for studies. Qualitative indicators were converted into dry matter content. Microwave drying according to Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences was used to determine the dry matter. Baler Welger reached better qualitative parameters of work. It was also demonstrated by statistical evaluation using Tukey test. It has clearly demonstrated that round baller Welger achieves significantly greater pressing than round baller Vicon. Greater difference was measured at baling straw. Difference was below the threshold of statistical significance during haylage baling. This difference shows favour of the round baller Welger. On the other hand baler Vicon requires lower input power.
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Sébastien Descôteaux and Philippe Savoie. "Bi-directional dryer for mid-size square hay bales." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17656.

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Louvet, Y., Ruslan Botpaev, and Klaus Vajen. "Evaluation of a Large Solar Thermal Drainback System for Hay Bales Drying." In ISES Solar World Congress 2015. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2015.10.39.

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Kokunova, I. V. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ROLL HAYLAGE PRODUCTION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.352-354.

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Harvesting hay feed in rolls Packed in a polymer film allows not only to reduce the loss of nutrients, but also to get high-quality food, regardless of weather conditions. The effectiveness of this technology depends primarily on the timing of harvesting of the herbage, which type and brand of baler, modes of formation of the bales in the bale chamber, and the nature of the processes occurring in the rolls after packing them in foil. The paper presents research data on roll haylage, which was prepared in adverse weather conditions.
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A. Opoku, S. Sokhansanj, W. J. Crerar, and L. G. Tabil Jr. and J. W. Whistlecraft. "Thermal Disinfestation of Hessian Fly Puparia in Standard Hay Bales Using a Laboratory Heat Treatment Unit." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9315.

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Bohman, C. E., and J. G. Berger. "Automatic Hay Bale Stackwagon Controller." In 1986 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1986.4789068.

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Robert D. Grisso, Geoffrey Moxley, Erin G Webb, John S. Cundiff, and Shahab Webb. "In-Field Performance of Hay Balers Using DGPS." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131538975.

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Étienne Cormier and Philippe Savoie. "Continuous monitoring of moisture content during hay bale drying." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24798.

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Reports on the topic "Hay bales"

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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.

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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.
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Cuomo, G., C. Sheaffer, and N. Martin. Alfalfa hay storage losses study as influenced by bale type and storage method. Quarterly report, July 1, 1997--September 30, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/621878.

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Borchmann, Daniel. On Confident GCIs of Finite Interpretations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.190.

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In the work of Baader and Distel, a method has been proposed to axiomatize all general concept inclusions (GCIs) expressible in the description logic EL⊥ and valid in a given interpretation I. This provides us with an effective method to learn EL⊥-ontologies from interpretations, which itself can be seen as a different representation of linked data. In another report, we have extended this approach to handle errors in the data. This has been done by not only considering valid GCIs but also those whose confidence is above a certain threshold 𝑐. In the present work, we shall extend the results by describing another way to compute bases of confident GCIs. We furthermore provide experimental evidence that this approach can be useful for practical applications. We finally show that the technique of unravelling can also be used to effectively turn confident EL⊥gfp-bases into EL⊥-bases.
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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.

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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Borchmann, Daniel, Felix Distel, and Francesco Kriegel. Axiomatization of General Concept Inclusions from Finite Interpretations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.219.

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Description logic knowledge bases can be used to represent knowledge about a particular domain in a formal and unambiguous manner. Their practical relevance has been shown in many research areas, especially in biology and the semantic web. However, the tasks of constructing knowledge bases itself, often performed by human experts, is difficult, time-consuming and expensive. In particular the synthesis of terminological knowledge is a challenge every expert has to face. Because human experts cannot be omitted completely from the construction of knowledge bases, it would therefore be desirable to at least get some support from machines during this process. To this end, we shall investigate in this work an approach which shall allow us to extract terminological knowledge in the form of general concept inclusions from factual data, where the data is given in the form of vertex and edge labeled graphs. As such graphs appear naturally within the scope of the Semantic Web in the form of sets of RDF triples, the presented approach opens up the possibility to extract terminological knowledge from the Linked Open Data Cloud. We shall also present first experimental results showing that our approach has the potential to be useful for practical applications.
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Codina, Lluís. Cómo llevar a cabo revisiones bibliográficas sistematizadas. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/upfcommresearch.2021.01.

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El documento que el lector tiene en sus manos tiene como público destinatario a jóvenes investigadores que están empezando a planificar la investigación de su tesis doctoral. El objetivo es proveerle de una información de base sobre revisiones bibliográficas y el uso de bases de datos académicas. Para facilitar su uso, se ha organizado como un sistema de preguntas y respuestas. En este documento se defiende que todas las revisiones bibliográficas deberían ser sistematizadas, sobre todo en el caso de las tesis doctorales, pero dado el peso que aún tienen las revisiones tradicionales, se presenta una comparativa de ambas para que el lector sitúe mejor la cuestión. Por último, corresponde señalar que una parte importante de este trabajo se dedica a explicar las bases del funcionamiento de las bases de datos académicas, porque el uso de las mismas aporta el primer grado de sistematización, y posiblemente el más importante, en el caso de la revisión bibliográfica destinada a una tesis doctoral.
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Borgida, Alex, and Ralf Küsters. What's not in a name? Initial Explorations of a Structural Approach to Integrating Large Concept Knowledge-Bases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.101.

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Aus der Einleitung: Given two ontologies/terminologies collections of terms and their 'meanings' as used in some universe of discourse (UofD), our general task is to integrate them into a single ontology, which captures the meanings of the original terms and their inter-relationships. This problem is motivated by several application scenarios: • First, such ontologies have been and are being developed independently by multiple groups for knowledge-based and other applications. Among others, medicine is an area in which such ontologies already abound [RZStGC, CCHJ94, SCC97]. • Second, a traditional step in database design has been so-called 'view integration': taking the descriptions of the database needs of different parts of an organization (called 'external views'), and coming up with a unified central schema (called the 'logical schema') for the database [BLN86]. Although the database views might be expressed in some low-level formalism, such as the relational data model, one can express the semantics (meta-data) in a more expressive notation, which can be thought of as an ontology. Then the integration of the ontologies can guide the integration of the views. • Finally, databases and semistructured data on the internet provide many examples where there are multiple, existing heterogeneous information sources, for which uniform access is desired. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to relate the contents of the various information sources. The approach of choice has been the development of a single, integrated ontology, starting from separate ontologies capturing the semantics of the heterogeneous sources[Kas97, CDGL+98]. Of course, we could just take the union of the two ontologies, and return the result as the integration. However, except for the case when the ontologies had absolutely nothing to do with each other, this seems inappropriate. Therefore part of our task will to be explore what it means to 'integrate' two ontologies. To help in this, we will in fact assume here that the ontologies are describing exactly the same aspects of the universe of discourse (UofD), leaving for a separate paper the issue of dealing with partially overlapping ontologies.
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Brandt, Sebastian, Anni-Yasmin Turhan, and Ralf Küsters. Foundations of non-standard inferences for DLs with transitive roles. Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.127.

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Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms used for terminological reasoning. They have a wide range of applications such as medical knowledge-bases, or the semantic web. Research on DLs has been focused on the development of sound and complete inference algorithms to decide satisfiability and subsumption for increasingly expressive DLs. Non-standard inferences are a group of relatively new inference services which provide reasoning support for the building, maintaining, and deployment of DL knowledge-bases. So far, non-standard inferences are not available for very expressive DLs. In this paper we present first results on non-standard inferences for DLs with transitive roles. As a basis, we give a structural characterization of subsumption for DLs where existential and value restrictions can be imposed on transitive roles. We propose sound and complete algorithms to compute the least common subsumer (lcs).
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.93.

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Matching of concepts with variables (concept patterns) is a relatively new operation that has been introduced in the context of description logics, originally to help filter out unimportant aspects of large concepts appearing in industrial-strength knowledge bases. Previous work has concentrated on (sub-)languages of CLASSIC, which in particular do not allow for existential restrictions. In this work, we present sound and complete decision algorithms for the solvability of matching problems and for computing sets of matchers for matching problems in description logics with existential restrictions.
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