Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Haya language'

Le but de cette these est d'etudier le verbe support hata en coreen contemporain. En coreen, une phrase simple de la structure n v : max-ka ilha-nta (max travaille) peut avoir une phrase synonyme max-ka il-il ha-nta (max fait du travail) avec une regularite sans exception. On peut paraphraser un verbe par un groupe verbal apres insertion de la particule de l'accusatif il derriere le nom. La ressenblance entre les deux verbes, faire et hata est a la fois semantique et syntaxique. Apres l'historique du verbe hata, nous examinons la correspondance entre le nom et le verbe du fait qu'elle est systematique en coreen par la constitution des mots sino-coreens. Nous transferons la notion de verbe support au verbe hata. Dans l'ensemble, elle peut etre appliquee car la distinction entre le verbe support et le verbe ordinaire est due a celle entre le substantif predicatif et le substantif concret, mais le verbe hata presente, par rapport a faire, des differences dans la passivation et la double analyse. Nous concluons que le verbe hata joue un role comparable au verbe support faire. Du fait, des differences structurelles des deux langues, nous n'avons pas pourtant obtenu un parallelisme complet
The support verb hata in contemporary korean is studied in this thesis. In korean, the kermel sentence has the structure n v; the sentence max-ka ilha-nta (max works) has a synonymous sentence associated with it : max-ka il-il ha-nta (max does work) with a regularity that suffers no exception. Any verb can be paraphrased by a verb phrase in which the accusative particle il is inserted after the noun. The resemblance between the two verbs faire and hata is both semantic and syntactic. After a historical sketch of the verb hata, we examine the correspondence between the noun and the verb which is systematic in korean because of the way sino-korean words are constructed. We transfer the notion 'support verb' to the verb hata. This notion can be quite generally applied because the distinction between predicative noun and concret noun. However, the verb hata behaves differently from the verb faire ith respect to passivization and double analysis. We conclude that the verb hata plays a role similar to that played by faire. Because of the structural differences between korean and french, we do not obtain a perfect parallelism

This thesis concentrates on the effects of political ideology on the contents of the Arabic emigrant press, especially the London based Al-Hayat and Al-Duds Al-Arabi. There are some academic studies about the history of the Arabic emigrant press, but there is no single study examining in depth the journalistic work styles or the character of language used by these dailies to describe events. There are two issues under study: the Gulf War of 1990, and the Islamic political movements in Algeria, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this thesis are derived from 340 newspaper issues under study (140 issues about the Gulf War of 1990 and 200 issues about the Islamic political movements). The area of ideology, in particular political ideology is the theoretical framework of the thesis. From this area, the researcher borrowed the concept and theory of ideology and its relation to language and media discourse. The main focus of this study will be on both manifest and latent contents of the newspapers under study. From the media theory perspective, the present thesis is related to two theoretical frameworks: political economy and representation approaches. The first one will help to explain the political and economic reasons behind selecting specific news items. The political economic approach will also define the political and economic pressures which decide the news values of a given newspaper. The second approach to which this thesis is related is representation. This approach will help to answer the question of how the newspapers represented the issues and actors under study through their language and to what extent these representations could be considered as ideology. The thesis employs content and discourse analysis as a research methodology. The researcher uses the traditional quantitative approach of content analysis and use discourse analysis as a qualitative approach of the same methodology. The framework of discourse analysis in this thesis, depends on the literatures of Fairclough, Fowler, and Van Dijk. One of the main findings that this thesis has reached is that the Arab emigrant press in London suffers from the same elements of pressures which affect journalism in most parts of the Arab world. For instance, both kinds of Arab press (local and emigrant) are affected by political regimes, ownership and subsidisation, advertisements, and censorship. In this thesis we will notice how the newspapers under study are affected by the censorship in the Arab world as well as the influence of some Arab political regimes. In reporting the Gulf War of 1990, Al- Hayal was affected by the Saudi censorship which led it to reduce Iraq as an important actor and place in that conflict. The newspaper's relations with Saudi Arabia also prevented the newspaper from explaining the motives of the suspects behind exploding the two American residential complexes in Saudi Arabia. It is true that the newspaper adopted one position toward the activities attributed to the Islamic groups in the Arab world, but when Saudi Arabia became the target of such activities the newspaper just condemned the explosions without searching or presenting any reasons for them because of its sensitive relationship with the Saudi government. AI-Quds AI Arabi depending on its identity (the owner and the editor -inchief in that time were Palestinian, decided to support Iraq in the Gulf War of 1990. Furthermore, the newspaper claimed that Iraq would be able to confront the coalition led by the USA to liberate Kuwait, so the newspaper, before the start of Desert Storm on 17.1.1991, supported the military solution to solve the Gulf crisis. In reporting the Islamic political movements in the Arab world, the newspaper took two different attitudes: it rejected the activities of these movements in Algeria and Egypt and supported to a large extent the two explosions in Saudi Arabia which were attributed to Islamic groups and individuals

This project extended COLLDESIGN, an interactive collaborative modeling tool that was developed by Mr. Hara Totapally. The initial version included a collaborative framework comprised of configurable client and server components. This project accomplished a complete implementation of the Class Diagram view. In addition, extending the framework, text messaging and audio conferencing features have been implemented to allow for real-time textual and audio communication between team members working on a particular project. VideoClient is the GUI of the application.

Cette étude descriptive a pour but l’analyse morphosyntaxique, avec corrélats sémantiques, des schémas actanciels des verbes agglomérés du coréen moderne, de patron [ N - V ], N étant un nom d’action constituant la base lexicale et V un verbe grammaticalisé parmi hada, to͡eda et çikhida. L’examen des faits conduit à s’intéresser aux verbes d’une certaine productivité, formant le paradigme suivant : hada, to͡eda, patta, taŋhada et çikhida. L’étude repose sur un échantillon de 35 bases lexicales compatibles avec au moins trois des verbes grammaticalisés cités, dont -hada, ainsi que sur un corpus d’énoncés extraits du Web, fondés par les verbes agglomérés incluant ces bases et qui atteste de leur usage dans un registre de langue orale de niveau formel. Le corpus d’énoncés permet une étude contrastive des énoncés fondés par des verbes de même base lexicale. Les résultats obtenus sont interprétés selon le modèle de l’actance de Lazard. Il en ressort que les verbes grammaticalisés cités permettent des variations d’actance de trois ordres : marquage différentiel de l’objet, construction indirecte et variation de dia-thèse. Ces variations de diathèse ont recours à deux opérations de transformation du schéma actanciel associé à la base lexicale, diathèse et transitivation selon les termes de Creissels. L’ensemble des faits examinés montre que les variations d’actance observées dépendent principalement des facteurs suivants : visée communicative, télicité du procès, type sémantique de procès et caractérisation sémantique des arguments en termes d’animéité et d’intentionnalité
The aim of this descriptive study is to carry out a morphosyntactic analysis, with semantic correlates, of the actancial patterns of the agglomerated verbs of modern Korean, with pattern [ N - V ], N being an action noun constituting the lexical base and V a grammaticalized verb which can be hada, to͡eda or çikhida. The examination of linguistic data leads to consider the following paradigm of verbs of a certain productivity : hada, to͡eda, patta, taŋhada and çikhida. The study is based on a sample of 35 lexical bases compatible with at least three of these grammaticalized verbs cited, including hada. It also analyses a corpus of statements extracted from the Web, based on aggregated verbs including these bases and attesting to their use in the formal register of oral lan-guage. The corpus of utterances allows a contrastive study of the utterances that were based on verbs with the same lexical base. The results obtained are interpreted according to Lazard's actance model. The results show that the grammaticalized verbs quoted allow actance variations of three orders: differential marking of the ob-ject, indirect construction and diathesis variation. These diathesis variations use two operations of transfor-mation of the actancian scheme associated with the lexical base, diathesis and transitivation according to Creis-sels' terms. The set of facts examined shows that the actance variations observed mainly depend on the follow-ing factors: communicative aim, telicity of the process, semantic type of process and semantic characterization of the arguments in terms of animosy and intentionality

Little research has been devoted to studying the interconnections between the ambiguous border identities along the so-called ‘Celtic fringe’ in the UK. It is important to explore whether, in the new context of the devolved Welsh and Scottish states, people resident in the border areas of Wales and Scotland will increasingly come to identify with the Welsh or Scottish “nation” and with its official “nationality”. Using the sociological approach advocated by Robert K. Yin, this thesis draws on ethnographical research to explore the precise nature of the relationship between contemporary national identity, nationalism, borderlands and football fandom. It examines supporters in three border towns: Oswestry (Shropshire), Hay-on-Wye (Powys), and Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland). Focus groups were conducted with match-going supporters of Welsh league champions The New Saints of Oswestry Town, Scottish League Two side Berwick Rangers and Hay St. Mary’s Football Club, who compete in both the Herefordshire and Mid Wales leagues. Examining football fans’ expressions of identity, this study discusses national sentiment and explores identity – local, regional and national – in the England-Wales and England-Scotland border regions from a theoretical and comparative perspective. A detailed and grounded study of national identity and nationalism amongst fans in the borderlands of Wales and Scotland will appeal to academics and students of sports history and with interests in ethnography, the sociology of sport, football fandom, debatable borderlands and contemporary national identities.

This thesis explores the international Book Town Movement that, from its beginnings in the small Welsh market town of Hay-on-Wye in the early 1960s, has escalated to incorporate more than 50 villages and towns in 27 countries. This phenomenon has enabled peripheral communities in Europe and across the globe to reclaim their economic futures and impact on the cultural sphere as increasingly powerful sites and sources of creativity. This study seeks to understand the reasons for this renaissance of interest in the preservation of traditional print culture in the countryside at a point in history when the book publishing industry is in a state of flux as it adapts to new digital technologies and globalisation of markets, leading to a clarification of the relationship between new books and the second-hand book economy. At the centre of this investigation is an acknowledgement of the book as a unique item of cultural consumption and a catalyst in book town creation – at once a remarkable artefact and a springboard for contemporary cultural debate. Essential to an understanding of book towns is their location on the geographical periphery and their capacity to sustain regional culture and identity. This thesis analyses innovative book town examples from diverse parts of the world using four key research methods: site-based research, case study research, cultural policy research and book culture research. This research aims to inform a broader discussion of regional regeneration and cultural policy development through an investigation of book towns as ‘down on their luck’ places, reanimated to celebrate remarkable pasts and designed to captivate a growing middle-class cohort drawn to nostalgia, history, cultural heritage and tranquil rural settings that deliver both intellectual stimulation and wellbeing. The synergy of the book town ethos with a number of evolving global tourism trends – including cultural tourism and, more recently, post-tourism – has heightened their desirability. By exploring the history and origins of the Book Town Movement, the thesis links book towns to the entrepreneurship of bibliophiles seeking more utopian lifestyles, and culture-led regeneration by governments wanting to harness their capacity to increase social capital and generate economic revival.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

I denna kandidatuppsats har ett utdrag ur Hanya Yanagiharas roman The People in the Trees analyserats och översatts från engelska till svenska utifrån ett såväl postkolonialt som sociolingvistiskt perspektiv. Översättningen är huvudsakligen interventionistisk och experimentell till sin natur, och är utförd i enlighet med Lawrence Venutis främmandegörande strategi samt med utgångspunkt från Tejaswini Niranjanas poststrukturalistiska syn på översättning i en postkolonial kontext. Översättningen har även kommenterats utförligt med särskilt fokus på hur olika slags asymmetriska maktrelationer kommer till uttryck rent språkligt, och i detta avseende har bl.a. Norman Faircloughs version av kritisk diskursanalys varit behjälplig. Kandidatuppsatsen avslutas med en ansats till syntes i vilken några av de slutsatser som kan dras av innehållet i föreliggande arbete redogörs för kortfattat.
This thesis contains both an analysis and a translation into Swedish of an excerpt from Hanya Yanagihara’s novel The People in the Trees. Both analysis and translation have been conducted using a postcolonial and sociolinguistic theoretical framework. The translation is of a predominantly interventionistic and experimental nature, and has been done with Lawrence Venuti’s foreignizing method in mind, as well as with Tejaswini Niranjana’s poststructuralist view of postcolonial translation. The translation has also been extensively commented upon with an emphasis on how different kinds of asymmetrical power relations are manifested in terms of language use. To this end, Norman Fairclough’s version of critical discourse analysis has been especially helpful. The thesis concludes with a brief summarizing chapter in which certain conclusions are drawn from the present study.

Cette étude de doctorat, à partir d’entretiens de type éthonographique, d’observation directe et participante et d’analyse historiographique des données archivistiques disponibles, ne cherche pas à momifier la tradition orale mais tente plutôt de manière inédite à ce jour de présenter un panorama le plus large et le plus scientifique possible de l’état des manifestations actuelles d’expressions chantées orales que les adultes adressent aux enfants sur Lifou. Qu’il s’agisse des berceuses , des chansons , des formulettes de jeu mimé, elle cherche à mettre en exergue les caractéristiques formelles, mélodiques, rythmiques textuelles et kinésiques d’un répertoire observé sous formes nouvelles et actualisées
This doctorante research, based on ethnographical interviews, direct and participating observations, and historiographical analysis of available archived data, does not endeavour to fossilise the oral tradition of song, but rather, in an original manner, it attempts, as holistically and scientifically as possible, to introduce a viewpoint on the current manifestations of oral sung expressions that adults intended for children on Lifou. Not specifically considering if these are lullabies, songs or play songs, the research tries to higlight the formal, melodic, rhythmic, textual and kinetic characteristics of a repertoire scrutinised under innovative and modernised procedures

碩士
國立中央大學
客家研究碩士在職專班
98
Taiwanese Hai-Lu Haka people are named by the hometown name that their ancestors came from, i.e. Haifon and Lufon counties, recently the two counties have become the living area of Hulaw people, hence, Luho county likely becomes the real place to retain genuine Hai-Lu Haka language. This dissertation studies the main language system in Hotien and Hsintien of Luho Haka, and makes the outer comparison between it and Taiwanese Hsinwu Haka, in addition to the internal comparison by means of comparing approach. There are seven chapters in this study; the first chapter introduces research motives and methods; the second and the third chapters describe the flat pronunciation system of Luho Haka, and comparing it with mid-ancient pronunciation; the fourth chapter demonstrates the feature of Luho Haka; the fifth and sixth chapters compare the Luho Haka and Taiwanese Hsinwu Haka, in terms of pronunciation and vocabulary, thereby explaining them through vowel, rhyme and tone; the seventh chapter is a summary. Through the internal and external comparisons, a conclusion may be summarized: In Luho Haka, Hotien tone demonstrates more ancient ways than Hsintien, while the Hsintien has only slight difference with Hsinwu.

MA (Xitsonga)
MER Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture
ni/kumbe swi ri hava maendli yo vulavula hi swa miehleketo eka Xitsonga. Ku xopaxopiwa ntsena maendli yo pfumala xiendliwa ni maendli ya xiendliwa xin’we eka dyondzo leyi. Maendli ya miehleketo ya swiendliwa swinharhu a ya katsiwangi eka ntirho lowu. Dyondzo leyi yi langutana ngopfu ni tinxaka tinharhu ta maendli ya swa miehleketo, ku nga maendli lama khumbaka swa miehleketo, maendli yo vulavula hi ntsako, na maendli yo vulavula hi nchavo. Tinhlamuselo leti talaka ku kumeka ni leti nga taliki ku kumeka eka swihlambanyisi leswi nga tirha eswivulweni ni maendli lama kumbe leswi nga tirhangiki na wona ma kaneriwa eka dyondzo leyi. Thiyori leyi landzeleriwaka eka dyondzo leyi i ya Lakoff (1992) ya Conceptual Theory of Metaphor. Ku ya hi thiyori leyi matirhelo ya swivulwa swa xivumbeko xa vutlhokovetseri swavugego ma le ka ririmi eka miehleketo. Thiyori leyi yi tirhisa mpimanyiso wa swilo leswi kumekaka eka michumu mimbirhi, laha nchumu wo karhi wu twisisekaka ku antswa hi ku xiya nchumu lowu pimanyisiwaka na wona. Eka dyondzo leyi, miehleketo yo pimanyisa milongoti leyi kumekaka eka michumu mimbirhi yo hambana yi tirhisiwaka eka ku xopaxopa swihlambanyisi swa Xitsonga leswi tirhaka na maendli ya swa miehleketo. Mahungu lama kamberiwaka eka ndzavisiso lowu ma tirhisiwa eka swivulwa hi xikongomelo xo kuma mikhuva ya tinhlamuselo leti humelelaka.

Esta tese analisa a construção de significado e linguagem gráfica das imagens animadas. A análise centra-se na relação criada entre conteúdo, forma e movimento e no seu discurso gráfico resultante, dando visibilidade a uma parte fundamental da atividade e evolução humana, a construção de significado através da forma das imagens. Para este propósito analisa o caso de estudo de dez longas metragens que constituem a obra do realizador Japonês, Hayao Miyazaki produzidas pelo lendário estúdio Ghibli. No âmbito de design, esta tese cruza diferentes campos disciplinares dentro da área gráfica nomeadamente estudos de cultura visual, na análise do conteúdo nas imagens, estudos de design gráfico, na análise dos elementos formais que geram significado nas imagens, estudos de animação na análise do discurso gráfico e movimento resultante que gera significado nas imagens. O resultado do cruzamento destas áreas convergem numa contextualização desta tese num modelo teórico e num modelo prático de análise do filme animado e dos seus elementos constituintes fundamentalmente gráficos. No modelo teórico esta tese enquadra, propõe e define os domínios do filme animado relacionando: (a) Produção (processo de fabricação de significado nas imagens), (b) Imagem (recursos formais e gráficos de significado nas imagens) e (c) consumo e recepção cultural (interpretação de significado nas imagens) com enfâse no discurso gráfico resultante. No modelo prático de análise da linguagem gráfica em animação esta tese centra-se no elemento (b) para responder à questão da investigação de como é que a construção do significado é construída no filme animado nos seus elementos gráficos de linguagem e discurso. A metodologia utilizada apresenta uma análise qualitativa dos filmes segundo o modelo proposto em categorias fundamentais da criação de significado em animação e elabora uma análise dos resultados segundo padrões de ocorrências e exceções que resultam numa conclusão dos resultados obtidos. A contribuição do conhecimento desta tese propõe: a contextualização e alargamento teórico dos campos disciplinares para a análise gráfica do filme animado, a proposta de um modelo teórico dos seus domínios, a proposta de um modelo prático de análise, e ainda os resultados específicos da aplicação do modelo ao caso de estudo escolhido, a obra do realizador Hayao Miyazaki.
This thesis analyses the construction of meaning and graphical language in the animated film. The focus of this research is centred around the relationships among content, form and movement and how the resulting graphical discourse gives visibility to a highly important part of our human activity and human evolution, the construction of meaning in the form of images. To this end, a case study is analysed, considering ten feature films directed by Japanese animation director, Hayao Miyazaki, and produced at the legendary Studio Ghibli. Within the scope of Design, this thesis is characterised by an overlapping of different fields of knowledge: visual culture studies, in the analysis of content which generates meaning in images; graphical design studies, in the analysis of the formal and graphical structures which generate meaning in images; animation studies in the analysis of the graphical discourse which generates meaning in images. The result of this overlap converges into a framework, which proposes a theoretical model for the domains of the animated film, and a practical model of analysis of the animated film and its structural elements, which are essentially graphical. In the theoretical model, this thesis proposes an interrelationship among three aspects: (a) production (the meaning making process in images), (b) images (formal and graphical meaning resources in images) and (c) perception and cultural reception (interpretation of meaning in images) with particular emphasis on the resulting discourse. In the practical model of analysis, this thesis proposes a focus on aspect (b), formal and graphical meaning resources in images, to answer the research question of how the construction of meaning is generated in the animated film in its graphical elements and graphical discourse. The methodology of the present thesis is based on a qualitative analysis of the films under the proposed practical model of analysis to collect systematic information, in order to elaborate patterns of occurrences and exceptions and a consequent conclusion of the results.

The aim of my diploma thesis called "Language and Style of Hana Bělohradská" is the linguistic analysis of Hana Bělohradská's works. I will focus mainly on her early works, ie the books which were published especially in the 60's of the 20th century. I will try to compare these texts to the works that were published in the 90's. The thesis will be devided into the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part will outline the author's life and the poetics of her works. Then I will briefly define the functional style of her literature. In the practical part I will focus on the analysis of the given works in terms of different language levels. These are the phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic levels. For greater transparency, the given phenomena will be explained on the specific parts from the texts examined. In conclusion, I will try to point at the development of language and style in Bělohradská's works.

Recent research focusing on improving educational outcomes for Māori students in mainstream secondary schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand have asserted that building positive student-teacher relationships in the classroom are fundamental (c. f. Bishop, Berryman, & Richardson, 2003; Bishop & Tiakiwai, 2003; Ministry of Education, 2002, 2006). In contrast, attempts to investigate the educational benefits associated with Māori students participating in cultural learning activities, such as kapa haka, and the implications for improving levels of Māori student achievement, remains relatively unexplored. To embark on such an investigation, Māori kapa haka students and teachers from four mainstream secondary schools were invited to take part in an interview process informed by using a Kaupapa Māori theoretical approach. As a result, the study revealed quite emphatically that not only does kapa haka provide Māori students with an appropriate ‘culturally responsive’ learning experience, but that they also feel more confident and optimistic about school and their education. Moreover, kapa haka provides the opportunity for students to celebrate who they are as Māori and as ‘culturally connected’ learners in mainstream schooling contexts. In addition, Māori students through the kapa haka experience learn to ‘protect’, ‘problem-solve’, ‘provide’, and ‘heal’ their inner self-worth, essence and wellbeing as Māori. Similarly, most teachers agreed that kapa haka provides Māori students with a creative, dynamic and powerful way to access their learning potential as cultural human beings. An overwhelming response by both students and teachers is that kapa haka should be timetabled as an academic subject to provide greater access to indigenous and cultural performing art that affirms their identity as Māori, and our uniqueness as New Zealanders. Finally, the research proposes a ‘culturally responsive’ learning strategy to assist what mainstream secondary schools and teachers provide as valid and purposeful learning opportunities for ‘culturally connected’ learners who are Māori.

Abstract/ Whakarāpoto Take The specific aim of this study is to identify critical features of wānanga or the traditional Māori learning institution and how these might inform Māori education today in a University setting. It also examines the responsiveness of the tertiary institution in creating an indigenous infrastructure aimed at Māori educational participation. A number of ‘critical events’ relating to Māori educational development interventions in the 1980’s will be considered with the expectation that they will serve to inform the development of better educational outcomes for access, participation, recruitment, retention and the advancement of Māori in the conventional University setting. For the purpose of this study contemporary Māori academic sites, which include state funded wānanga, as well as other indigenous academic sites will be discussed, including the First Nations House of Learning at the University of British Columbia1. There is thus an international perspective in this study. Whare wānanga were a key institution in traditional Māori society and represented in all regions of Aotearoa/ New Zealand. The ability to travel and share each other’s knowledge attested or benchmarked by others was a key part of the maintenance of the tribal lore. Tōhunga were central to the entire process of controlling the knowledge and selecting to whom it was to be imparted. This raises a question of what a contemporary wānanga, as an intervention and an academic entity would look like at the University of Auckland and would it withstand international scrutiny? As a kaupapa Māori educational intervention, it is a theoretical test in the configurations of conscientization, resistance and transformative praxis. The inclusive approach in using existing material and people resources to maximize the impact of the intervention is to be discussed in this thesis. Specific case studies provide a means for checking the evidence for the processes and the predicted outcomes for kaupapa Māori theory. The recalling of events is central to both case studies. An event such as the rugby match that took place between both countries in 1927, discussed later in this thesis, combined with similar initiatives embarked upon by indigenous leaders from both tertiary communities to create a physical presence for First Nations and Māori, are identities at the core of the case studies. Cultural connection, and a style of operation that is inclusive, enact in part the values raised by Madeleine McIvor: respect, reciprocity, relevance and responsibility. The factors all converge to build this thesis into a series of conversations. The collaboration undertaken over long distances and periods of time has motivated the creation of this record of the stories of both institutions, that can be added to by others in the future. The markers of success for the University of Auckland include the arresting of the decline of Māori student enrolments alongside the growth of Māori participating in post-graduate study and research, therefore providing opportunity to contribute to the bank of knowledge in New Zealand society. While the regeneration of the language in New Zealand has been the driving force behind the wānanga development at the University of Auckland building further on the foundations of kohanga reo, kura kaupapa Māori, whare kura and wānanga, the development of Māori as with First Nations initiatives has been in the area of education. Tertiary institutions offer a context in which kaupapa Māori theory brings together common threads of communication for people. Whether this is through elements of struggle within societies or just survival, the main thing is that people need each other to develop and progress.

The dissertation aims at showing the differences in dealing with the death issue in characteristic works of art of both Czech and world literature. Above all, it pursues the comparison of two novels Život střídá smrt ("Life Becomes Death") by Petr Prouza and Nebe nemá dno ("Heaven is Bottomless") by Hana Andronikova. Both unique books belong to key Czech novels with the topic of death. Moreover, both of them deal with death from the point of personal experience, which means they are strongly autobiographical. The dissertation concentrates on creative processes and topical aspects, grasps autobiographical elements of both novels and all the identities and differences in the approach to the same topic. Therefore, the dissertation is devoted to listing the works of art dealing with death, further on to the analyses, interpretation and comparison of the novels Život střídá smrt ("Life Becomes Death") and Nebe nemá dno ("Heaven is Bottomless") together with the reflexion of reader's experience.