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Journal articles on the topic 'Hazard game'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kerlow, Isaac, Gabriela Pedreros, and Helena Albert. "<i>Earth Girl Volcano</i>: characterizing and conveying volcanic hazard complexity in an interactive casual game of disaster preparedness and response." Geoscience Communication 3, no. 2 (2020): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-343-2020.

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Abstract. This paper focuses on the process of developing the Earth Girl Volcano game, and presents some of our best professional practices and lessons learned. The paper shares our experience of weaving storytelling in the not-so-straightforward process of interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and scientists. Our practice-based research approach to games is centered around a diligent and rigorous game development method that is story-centric and that uses storytelling to communicate scientific concepts. Our development methodology is presented in detail without the usual focus on qu

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2

Demougin, Dominique, and Carsten Helm. "Moral Hazard and Bargaining Power." German Economic Review 7, no. 4 (2006): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2006.00130.x.

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Abstract We introduce bargaining power in a moral hazard framework where parties are risk-neutral and the agent is financially constrained. We show that the same contract emerges if the concept of bargaining power is analyzed in either of the following three frameworks: in a standard principal-agent (P-A) framework by varying the agent’s outside opportunity, in an alternating offer game, and in a generalized Nash-bargaining game. However, for sufficiently low levels of the agent’s bargaining power, increasing it marginally does affect the equilibrium in the Nash-bargaining game, but not in the

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Cox, James C., R. Mark Isacc, Paula-Ann Cech, and David Conn. "Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection in Procurement Contracting." Games and Economic Behavior 17, no. 2 (1996): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/game.1996.0100.

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4

de Ruiter, Marleen Carolijn, Anaïs Couasnon, and Philip James Ward. "<i>Breaking the Silos</i>: an online serious game for multi-risk disaster risk reduction (DRR) management." Geoscience Communication 4, no. 3 (2021): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-383-2021.

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Abstract. The increased complexity of disaster risk, due to climate change, expected population growth and the increasing interconnectedness of disaster impacts across communities and economic sectors, requires disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures that are better able to address these growing complexities. Especially disaster risk management (DRM) practitioners need to be able to oversee these complexities. Nonetheless, in the traditional risk paradigm, there is a strong focus on single hazards and the risk faced by individual communities and economic sectors. The development of the game and

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Dlukha, Samsud, Sitti Wardiningsih, Yusi Febriani, Ray March Syahadat, and Priambudi Trie Putra. "PEMELIHARAAN HAZARD DI PADANG GOLF MATOA NASIONAL, JAKARTA SELATAN." BUANA SAINS 17, no. 2 (2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v17i2.810.

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Padang Golf Matoa Nasional is a 18 hole golf course that located in South Jakarta and designed with international standards. A game area of golf courses consist of several zones. The zones need to be maintained by form of ideal and maintenance activities. This study focuses on the maintenance of hazard zones (bunkers, water hazards, and rough) as important part of the golf game area. The purpose of this article provides recommendations on system maintenance hazard in Padang Golf Matoa Nasional so that the quality of the landscape and the game remains optimal

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Wärneryd, Karl. "In Defense of Lawyers: Moral Hazard as an Aid to Cooperation." Games and Economic Behavior 33, no. 1 (2000): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/game.1999.0774.

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7

CHEMLA, GILLES, and CHRISTOPHER A. HENNESSY. "Skin in the Game and Moral Hazard." Journal of Finance 69, no. 4 (2014): 1597–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12161.

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Mohd, Norhazren Izatie, Kherun Nita Ali, Shamsulhadi Bandi, and Fuziah Ismail. "Exploring gamification approach in hazard identification training for Malaysian construction industry." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n1.333.

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In recent years gaming products have increasingly been used to enhance learning and training development in academic and commercial sectors. Games have become more pervasive; they have been adopted for use in many industries and sectors such as defence, medicine, architecture, education, and city planning and government as tools for workers development. In Malaysia, it has been reported that the construction industry holds the third highest record of occurrences of accidents at work. Therefore, safety training is inevitable to reduce the alarming rate of accidents on construction sites. Howeve

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Bielecki, Tomasz R., Stéphane Crépey, Monique Jeanblanc, and Marek Rutkowski. "Defaultable Game Options in a Hazard Process Model." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 2009 (July 21, 2009): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/695798.

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The valuation and hedging of defaultable game options is studied in a hazard process model of credit risk. A convenient pricing formula with respect to a reference filteration is derived. A connection of arbitrage prices with a suitable notion of hedging is obtained. The main result shows that the arbitrage prices are the minimal superhedging prices with sigma martingale cost under a risk neutral measure.

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Armedianto Putro, Bima, Joseph Dedy Irawan, and Suryo Adi Wibowo. "KOMBINASI METODE FINITE STATE MACHINE DAN FUZZY PADA GAME ESCAPE FROM PUNK HAZARD." JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika) 5, no. 1 (2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/jati.v5i1.3276.

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Game merupakan salah satu media hiburan yang paling popular untuk semua kalangan usia. Sejak pertama kali ditemukan sampai saat sekarang, teknologi game telah mengalami kemajuan yang terbilang pesat. Hal ini ditandai dengan berkembangnya jenis game, produk, alat dan jenis interaksi game dengan penggunaan yang semakin beragam bentuknya. Game Escape From Punk Hazard adalah game 3 dimensi (3D) bergenre Adventure berbasis Android yang dibuat dengan game engine Unity dan menggabungkan metode Finite State Machine dan Fuzzy Logic untuk mengontrol NPC yang ada di dalam game. Pada penelitian ini

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Huang, Qiu Sheng, and Sheng Wang. "The Game Analysis on Moral Hazard in the Safety Supervision of Nuclear Power." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1014.

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The development of nuclear power has become an important way to solve the problems of environment and energy in many countries, also it is an important policy to solve the problems of e energy structure in China. But moral hazard in the safety supervision of nuclear power has happened. By adopting the game analysis method and establishing the game model of moral hazard in the safety supervision of nuclear power, the paper analysis the model with static mixed game and finite iterations of dynamic game. As a result, it can lower the moral hazard if the governments strengthen the punishment in vi

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Mani, Lara, Paul D. Cole, and Iain Stewart. "Using video games for volcanic hazard education and communication: an assessment of the method and preliminary results." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 7 (2016): 1673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1673-2016.

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Abstract. This paper presents the findings from a study aimed at understanding whether video games (or serious games) can be effective in enhancing volcanic hazard education and communication. Using the eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent, we have developed a video game – St. Vincent's Volcano – for use in existing volcano education and outreach sessions. Its twin aims are to improve residents' knowledge of potential future eruptive hazards (ash fall, pyroclastic flows and lahars) and to integrate traditional methods of education in a more interactive manner. Here, we discuss the process o

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Mohd, Norhazren Izatie, Kherun Nita Ali, Ahmad Faiz Azizi Ahmad Fauzi, and Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi. "Serious Game Attributes for the Construction of a Hazard Identification Framework." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 7 (2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i7.9647.

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In recent years gaming products have increasingly been used to enhance learning and training development in the academic and commercial sectors. Gaming is an approach that applies technology to provide an almost real experience with interactive field training. It is an approach that supports the theory of learning by doing with a real case scenario. The purpose of this paper is to determine serious game attributes to support effective training using serious game approach. Through systematic literature review on eleven selected articles, nineteen game attributes were identified. Hence, based on

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Undorf, Sabine, Simon F. B. Tett, Joseph Hagg, et al. "Understanding Interdependent Climate Change Risks Using a Serious Game." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 8 (2020): E1279—E1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0177.1.

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Abstract Anthropogenic climate change calls for rapid and enormous cuts in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to mitigate future impacts. Even with these, however, many changes will continue to occur over the next 20–30 years adding to those already observed. Adaptation is crucial and urgent, but identifying strategies is complex and requires dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders, especially for infrastructure that exhibits interdependent risks in that failure in one type may impact others. A serious game was codeveloped with infrastructure operators to communicate climate proje

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Cavalcanti, Janaina, Victor Valls, Manuel Contero, and David Fonseca. "Gamification and Hazard Communication in Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144663.

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An effective warning attracts attention, elicits knowledge, and enables compliance behavior. Game mechanics, which are directly linked to human desires, stand out as training, evaluation, and improvement tools. Immersive virtual reality (VR) facilitates training without risk to participants, evaluates the impact of an incorrect action/decision, and creates a smart training environment. The present study analyzes the user experience in a gamified virtual environment of risks using the HTC Vive head-mounted display. The game was developed in the Unreal game engine and consisted of a walk-through

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Lehtonen, Esko, Jasmiina Airaksinen, Kaisa Kanerva, Anna Rissanen, Riikka Ränninranta, and Veera Åberg. "Game-based situation awareness training for child and adult cyclists." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 3 (2017): 160823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160823.

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Safe cycling requires situation awareness (SA), which is the basis for recognizing and anticipating hazards. Children have poorer SA than adults, which may put them at risk. This study investigates whether cyclists' SA can be trained with a video-based learning game. The effect of executive working memory on SA was also studied. Thirty-six children (9–10 years) and 22 adults (21–48 years) played the game. The game had 30 video clips filmed from a cyclist's perspective. Each clip was suddenly masked and two or three locations were presented. The player's task was to choose locations with a pote

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Arslanyilmaz, Abdurrahman, and John Sullins. "Multi-player online simulated driving game to improve hazard perception." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 61 (February 2019): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.02.015.

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18

Ozerturk, Saltuk. "Moral hazard, skin in the game regulation and CRA performance." International Review of Economics & Finance 52 (November 2017): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.10.006.

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19

Kidd, Stephen. "Why Mathematical Probability Failed to Emerge from Ancient Gambling." Apeiron 53, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2018-0045.

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AbstractThe emergence of mathematical probability has something to do with dice games: all the early discussions (Cardano, Galileo, Pascal) suggest as much. Although this has long been recognized, the problem is that gambling at dice has been a popular pastime since antiquity. Why, then, did gamblers wait until the sixteenth century ce to calculate the math of dicing? Many theories have been offerred, but there may be a simple solution: early-modern gamblers played different sorts of dice games than in antiquity. While ancients diced at communal risk, early-moderns diced at individualized risk

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Muguro, Joseph K., Pringgo Widyo Laksono, Yuta Sasatake, Kojiro Matsushita, and Minoru Sasaki. "User Monitoring in Autonomous Driving System Using Gamified Task: A Case for VR/AR In-Car Gaming." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 8 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5080040.

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Background: As Automated Driving Systems (ADS) technology gets assimilated into the market, the driver’s obligation will be changed to a supervisory role. A key point to consider is the driver’s engagement in the secondary task to maintain the driver/user in the control loop. This paper aims to monitor driver engagement with a game and identify any impacts the task has on hazard recognition. Methods: We designed a driving simulation using Unity3D and incorporated three tasks: No-task, AR-Video, and AR-Game tasks. The driver engaged in an AR object interception game while monitoring the road fo

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21

Hood, Christopher. "The Risk Game and the Blame Game." Government and Opposition 37, no. 1 (2002): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00085.

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Economists Say There Is No Such Thing As A Free Lunch. The burgeoning ‘risk industry’ – no doubt set for further expansion after the terrorist attacks on US heartlands in 2001 – says there is no such thing as a risk-free lunch. Anthropologists say there is no such thing as a blame-free risk. And political scientists know blame is central to politics.The growth of the ‘risk industry’, the associated explosion in discussion of safety and hazard issues and the search for better ways of assessing and managing risk, has been much commented on. The BSE issue, highlighted in the UK by the blockbuster

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22

Watson, Joel. "Theoretical Foundations of Relational Incentive Contracts." Annual Review of Economics 13, no. 1 (2021): 631–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-090820-110736.

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This article describes the emerging game-theoretic framework for modeling long-term contractual relationships with moral hazard. The framework combines self-enforcement and external enforcement, accommodating alternative assumptions regarding how actively the parties initially set and renegotiate the terms of their contract. A progression of theoretical components is reviewed, building from the recursive formulation of equilibrium continuation values in repeated games. A principal-agent setting serves as a running example.

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Arslanyilmaz, Abdurrahman. "Hazard Warning Systems to Improve Young Distracted Drivers’ Hazard Perception Skills." Safety 6, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6010012.

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Texting while driving has been shown to impair driving performance with the greatest probability of leading to an accident. This is a great concern with young and inexperienced drivers, who are reported to be the most prolific users of texting while driving and are disproportionately involved in car crashes as compared to their experienced and older counterparts. Hazard Warning Systems (HWSs) have been researched to reduce distracted driving and improve driving performance. The first purpose of this study is to showcase a game-based, multi-player, online simulated training (GMOST) application

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Teague, A., Y. Sermet, I. Demir, and M. Muste. "A collaborative serious game for water resources planning and hazard mitigation." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 53 (February 2021): 101977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101977.

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Park, Inkyung, Paul D. Windschitl, Andrew R. Smith, Shanon Rule, Aaron M. Scherer, and Jillian O. Stuart. "Context dependency in risky decision making: Is there a description-experience gap?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0245969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245969.

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When making decisions involving risk, people may learn about the risk from descriptions or from experience. The description-experience gap refers to the difference in decision patterns driven by this discrepancy in learning format. Across two experiments, we investigated whether learning from description versus experience differentially affects the direction and the magnitude of a context effect in risky decision making. In Study 1 and 2, a computerized game called the Decisions about Risk Task (DART) was used to measure people’s risk-taking tendencies toward hazard stimuli that exploded proba

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Boot, Arnoud W. A., and Anjan V. Thakor. "Moral Hazard and Secured Lending in an Infinitely Repeated Credit Market Game." International Economic Review 35, no. 4 (1994): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2527003.

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FÜLLBRUNN, SASCHA, and TIBOR NEUGEBAUER. "LIMITED LIABILITY, MORAL HAZARD, AND RISK TAKING: A SAFETY NET GAME EXPERIMENT." Economic Inquiry 51, no. 2 (2012): 1389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00464.x.

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Gao, Wei, Yuwei Guo, and Fanying Jiang. "Playing for a Resilient Future: A Serious Game Designed to Explore and Understand the Complexity of the Interaction among Climate Change, Disaster Risk and Urban Development." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 8949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178949.

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Urban development and disaster risk are deeply linked, especially now when we are facing increasingly frequent climate change. Hence, knowledge of the potential trade-offs between urban development and disaster risk reduction (DRR) may have potential to build a resilient and sustainable future. The objectives of this study are (1) to present education for a sustainability (EfS) program and to evaluate its performance: a serious game of knowledge communication for the interactions among climate change, disaster risk, and urban development; (2) to explore factors that will influence the players’

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MYERSON, ROGER B. "The Autocrat's Credibility Problem and Foundations of the Constitutional State." American Political Science Review 102, no. 1 (2008): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080076.

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A political leader's temptation to deny costly debts to past supporters is a central moral-hazard problem in politics. This paper develops a game-theoretic model to probe the consequences of this moral-hazard problem for leaders who compete to establish political regimes. In contests for power, absolute leaders who are not subject to third-party judgments can credibly recruit only limited support. A leader can do better by organizing supporters into a court which could cause his downfall. In global negotiation-proof equilibria, leaders cannot recruit any supporters without such constitutional

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van Paridon, Kjell, Matthew A. Timmis, and Shabnam Sadeghi Esfahlani. "Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Environment to Assess Cycling Hazard Perception Skills." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165499.

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Safe cycling requires situational awareness to identify and perceive hazards in the environment to react to and avoid dangerous situations. Concurrently, tending to external distractions leads to a failure to identify hazards or to respond appropriately in a time-constrained manner. Hazard perception training can enhance the ability to identify and react to potential dangers while cycling. Although cycling on the road in the presence of driving cars provides an excellent opportunity to develop and evaluate hazard perception skills, there are obvious ethical and practical risks, requiring exten

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Hawthorn, Steven, Rui Jesus, and Maria Ana Baptista. "A review of digital serious games for tsunami risk communication." International Journal of Serious Games 8, no. 2 (2021): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v8i2.411.

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The research conducted a thorough review of evidence and effectiveness of digital serious games (SGs) for communication of action-oriented key messages (related to tsunami evacuation) to children. Significant scientific research investigates tsunami risk which is not always effectively communicated to children who are expected to make appropriate decisions during a tsunami event. SGs can motivate children and enhance risk communication. Computing technologies offer a delivery platform to access digital SGs which require little educator training and motivate learners. The research reviewed evid

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Clerveaux, PhD Candidate, Virginia, Balfour Spence, PhD, and Toshitaka Katada, PhD. "Evaluating and promoting disaster awareness among children: The disaster awareness game." Journal of Emergency Management 6, no. 6 (2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2008.0042.

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Children account for the greatest proportion of casualties from hazard impacts, especially in developing countries where they comprise the largest percentage of total population. This disproportionate vulnerability of children has recently been the focus of various United Nations initiatives for disaster risk reduction and is increasingly being the focus of local and national measures to reduce the impacts of hazards. The overarching focus of these childrenspecific measures has been the promotion of disaster education to enhance the level of awareness among school-age children. However, this n

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Guo, Hongmei, Shuiliang Gu, and Yingsheng Su. "Bargaining Power Choices with Moral Hazard in a Supply Chain." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2068287.

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A supply chain contract is established using a dynamic, Nash bargaining game which determines the optimal bargaining power allocation for the manufacturer, retailer, and society in an environment affected by moral hazard and irreversible investment. The results found that the manufacturer’s choice was to hold all bargaining power; however, due to the remaining information problem, the retailer still had a profit; in contrast, the retailer was only willing to give up bargaining power if the manufacturer’s profit was reserved. The optimal bargaining power allocation was found to be strongly rela

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Volejnikova-Wenger, Suzanne, Patrea Andersen, and Karen-Ann Clarke. "Student nurses' experience using a serious game to learn environmental hazard and safety assessment." Nurse Education Today 98 (March 2021): 104739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104739.

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Carfí, David, and Alessia Donato. "Risk management of food health hazard by meat consumption reduction: a coopetitive game approach." Soft Computing 24, no. 18 (2019): 13705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04474-6.

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Wayland, Mark, Bruce D. J. Batt, and Wayne F. Cowan. "The effects of two postemergence herbicides on hatchability of chicken eggs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 7 (1987): 1860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-284.

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Hatchability of chicken eggs treated at four different embryo ages was not affected by immersion in sethoxydim herbicide or a 2:1 combination of fenthiaprop ethyl and fenoxaprop ethyl at three different concentrations. These data may be useful in evaluating the potential hazard of these chemicals to upland nesting game birds.

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Neave, Edwin Harold. "Why does bank screening matter? Private information and publicly traded securities." International Journal of Managerial Finance 12, no. 5 (2016): 478–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-11-2015-0199.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use an equilibrium model to identify the public and private informational requirements for equilibrium pricing and shows that unless these informational requirements are met, skin-in-the-game policies will not be fully effective against moral hazard for banks with relatively large market share. Selling securitizations with recourse can be. Design/methodology/approach The single-period model shows equilibrium prices depend on both public and private information, the latter produced as banks screen loans. If bank has a sufficiently large market share, it c

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Mu, Fangjun. "The Effect of Reputation to the Moral Hazard in C2C E-Market with Game Theory." American Journal of Operations Research 05, no. 05 (2015): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2015.55030.

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Shapiro, Jacob N., and David A. Siegel. "Moral Hazard, Discipline, and the Management of Terrorist Organizations." World Politics 64, no. 1 (2011): 39–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887111000293.

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Terrorist groups repeatedly include operatives of varying commitment and often rely on a common set of security-reducing bureaucratic tools to manage these individuals. This is puzzling in that covert organizations are commonly thought to screen their operatives very carefully and pay a particularly heavy price for record keeping. The authors use terrorist memoirs and the internal correspondence of one particularly prominent group to highlight the organizational challenges terrorist groups face and use a game-theoretic model of moral hazard in a finitely sized organization to explain why recor

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Du, Yanchao, Hengyu Zhou, Yongbo Yuan, and Hong Xue. "Exploring the Moral Hazard Evolutionary Mechanism for BIM Implementation in an Integrated Project Team." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205719.

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Integrated project delivery (IPD) is a new emerging delivery system, contributes to increase value to the owner, reduces waste and maximizes efficiency in the life cycle of projects. However, IPD system has not yet shifted from pilot-alike or particular-purposed cases to large-scale applications. The huge advantages of building information modeling (BIM) are far from being exploited, which directly leads to the delivered outcomes below expectations, thereby causing obstacles to widespread application of IPD system. The reasons impeding the successful application of BIM has been a hot topic. Pr

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Roy, Jaideep, and Prabal Roy Chowdhury. "Aid and terrorism: a dynamic contracts approach with interlinked moral hazard." Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 2 (2019): 415–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-01-2019-0004.

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Purpose In a global environment where terrorist organisations based in a poor country target a rich nation, this paper aims to study the properties of a dynamically incentive compatible contract designed by the target nation that involves joint counter-terror tasks with costly participation by each country. The counter-terror operations are however subject to ex post moral hazard, so that to incentivise counter-terror, the rich country supplies developmental aid. Development aid also helps avoid unrest arising from counter-terror activities in the target nation. However, aid itself can be dive

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He, Feng, Wei Zhang, Yongjie Zhang, and Xiong Xiong. "Agent or Borrower? An Incentive of Moral Hazard with China Commercial Guarantee Company." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/930271.

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This paper studies the behavior of commercial guarantee company in the game theory framework. Different payoff structures with guarantee company behavior for banks, borrowers, and the guarantors are formed in the presence of credit rationing. We derived and explained the surviving rule of different types of guarantee companies, and we further conclude the condition in which guarantee companies are likely to be involved in a moral hazard problem. We conclude that, in the presence of regulatory arbitrage opportunity, the guarantee company has incentive to switch its role from bank agent to the b

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Morita, Yukio. "Meat Hygiene of Wild Boar and Deer Biological Hazard of Game Meat and Hygienic Slaughtering Methods." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 61, no. 3 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.61.77.

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Keil, Julian, Dennis Edler, Thomas Schmitt, and Frank Dickmann. "Creating Immersive Virtual Environments Based on Open Geospatial Data and Game Engines." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 71, no. 1 (2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42489-020-00069-6.

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AbstractModern game engines like Unity allow users to create realistic 3D environments containing terrains as well as natural and artificial objects easily and swiftly. In addition, recent advances of game engine capabilities enable effortless implementation of virtual reality (VR) compatibility. 3D environments created with VR compatibility can be experienced from an egocentric and stereoscopic perspective that surpasses the immersion of the ‘classical’ screen-based perception of 3D environments. Not only game developers benefit from the possibilities provided by game engines. The ability to

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Barta and Giraldeau. "Daily Patterns of Optimal Producer and Scrounger Use under Predation Hazard: A State-Dependent Dynamic Game Analysis." American Naturalist 155, no. 4 (2000): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3078936.

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Barta, Zoltán, and Luc‐Alain Giraldeau. "Daily Patterns of Optimal Producer and Scrounger Use under Predation Hazard: A State‐Dependent Dynamic Game Analysis." American Naturalist 155, no. 4 (2000): 570–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303342.

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Billett, Matthew T., Redouane Elkamhi, Latchezar Popov, and Raunaq S. Pungaliya. "Bank Skin in the Game and Loan Contract Design: Evidence from Covenant-Lite Loans." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, no. 3 (2016): 839–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000326.

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AbstractIn a model of dual-agency problems where borrower–lender and bank–nonbank incentives may conflict, we predict a hockey stick relation between bank skin in the game and covenant tightness. As bank participation declines, covenant tightness increases until reaching a low threshold, at which point the relation sharply reverses and covenant protection is removed with a commensurate increase in spread. We find support for the hockey stick relation with bank’s stake in covenant-lite loans averaging 8% (0% median). We also find that covenant-lite loans are more likely when borrower moral haza

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Flatnes, Jon Einar, and Michael R. Carter. "A little skin in the game: Reducing moral hazard in joint liability lending through a mandatory collateral requirement." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 164 (August 2019): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.022.

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Klasing, Susan A., Robert K. Brodberg, and Ellen R. Faurot-Daniels. "California Marine Oil Spill Fisheries Closure: Key Processes of the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) During a Fisheries Closure Event." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2011, no. 1 (2011): abs102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-102.

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ABSTRACT Following the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan oil spill in San Francisco Bay, California, legislation was enacted to provide for the closure of fisheries by the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) after oil spills in marine waters. This legislation (DFG Code Section 5654) facilitated a partnership between the state's primary oil spill responder, the Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response (DFG/OSPR), and the state's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), the agency responsible for determining whether fish caught in California waters can be

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Rosati, Alexandra G., Natalie Benjamin, Kerrie Pieloch, and Felix Warneken. "Economic trust in young children." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (2019): 20190822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0822.

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Mutually beneficial interactions often require trust that others will reciprocate. Such interpersonal trust is foundational to evolutionarily unique aspects of human social behaviour, such as economic exchange. In adults, interpersonal trust is often assessed using the ‘trust game’, in which a lender invests resources in a trustee who may or may not repay the loan. This game captures two crucial elements of economic exchange: the potential for greater mutual benefits by trusting in others, and the moral hazard that others may betray that trust. While adults across cultures can trust others, li

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