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Zhang, Sijie. "Integrating safety and BIM: automated construction hazard identification and prevention." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52235.
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Safety of workers in the construction environment remains one of the greatest challenges faced by the construction industry today. Activity-based hazard identification and prevention is limited because construction safety information and knowledge tends to be scattered and fragmented throughout safety regulations, accident records, and experience. With the advancement of information technology in the building and construction industry, a missing link between effective activity-level construction planning and Building Information Modeling (BIM) becomes more evident. The objectives of this study are 1) to formalize the safety management knowledge and to integrate safety aspects into BIM, and 2) to facilitate activity-based hazard identification and prevention in construction planning. To start with, a Construction Safety Ontology is created to organize, store, and re-use construction safety knowledge. Secondly, activity-based workspace visualization and congestion identification methods are investigated to study the hazards caused by the interaction between activities. Computational algorithms are created to process and retrieve activity-based workspace parameters through location tracking data of workers collected by remote sensing technology. Lastly, by introducing workspace parameters into ontology and connecting the ontology with BIM, automated workspace analysis along with job hazard analysis are explored. Results indicate that potential safety hazards can be identified, recorded, analyzed, and prevented in BIM. This study integrates aspects of construction safety into current BIM workflow, which enables performing hazard identification and prevention early in the project planning phase.
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Bae, Hwangbo. "Quarry Workers' Hazard Identification, Severity Interpretation, and Prevention Strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93314.
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The surface-mining worker fatalities are unacceptably high as compared to other private industries in United States such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. Although many studies about generating a safe work environment and developing safety training through intervention modules have tried to reduce the number of worker fatalities by utilizing an administrative approach to the development of safety controls, a rigorous study about understanding craftworkers' perceptions of a safe work environment is lacking. This study particularly investigated quarry workers' safety behaviors regarding work hazards by adapting findings from construction safety research because construction and mining industries have similarities in work hazards and environment. Despite their similarities, the work fatality rate in the mining industry is greater than in the construction industry (BLS, 2018). To gain a greater understanding of how quarry workers identify and interpret work hazards and employ strategies to prevent accidents, this study explored quarry workers' perceptions of work hazards (i.e., hazard identification, severity interpretation) and their preventive strategies to develop a safer working environment at the workplace. To accomplish this, a single descriptive case study was conducted with multiple sources of data such as interviews with photo elicitation, field notes, site photographs, and precursory meeting with safety managers. These sources of data were used to investigate quarry workers' identification and interpretation skills and utilization of preventive strategies. This study will contribute to improve safety of workers by incorporating workers' perceptions of work hazards and by exploring their experience to the development of safety training.Master of Science
The surface-mining industry is one of the private industries with a high fatality rate in the United States. To reduce the number of accidents and help workers to perform safely in the workplace, previous studies have investigated different strategies to promote workers’ safety performance. These strategies include safety interventions such as safety training and safety inspections. However, a lack of study exists to understand workers’ behaviors and perceptions regarding safety and work hazards. To better explore workers’ behaviors and perceptions, this study adapted findings from construction safety research. Because the number of surface-mining safety research is relatively small and the work environment and types of work hazards in both the surface-mining and construction industries share similarities, the findings in construction safety research can be used to promote a safer workplace for surface-mine workers. By adapting findings in construction safety research, this study further investigated workers’ perceptions of work hazards, which is operationalized in two approaches: hazard identification and severity interpretation. This study also examines workers’ execution of strategies to prevent accidents. These observations were gathered through the utilization of a case study of quarry, which gave a guideline to the researcher to collect data from multiple sources (e.g., precursory meeting with safety managers, field notes, photographs, interviews) and analyze the findings by primarily using participants’ responses in the interviews with photo elicitation. This study will contribute to improve a safer workplace in the surface mining industry by incorporating workers’ perceptions and experience and by emphasizing workers’ involvement in tandem with company commitment to develop safety training.
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Bitar, Roger G. "A software approach for hazard detection and collision prevention in pipelined SISD machines." Ohio : Ohio University, 1987. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183040326.
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WASSERMAN, DONALD E. "VIBRATION EXPOSURE AND PREVENTION IN THE UNITED STATES." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16069.
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Krauch, Amy Lynn. "Hazards assessment of St. Charles County - earthquakes and floods." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Krauch_09007dcc805e91c0.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Appendixes B and C are on files. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 21, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-159) and appendixes.
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單家驊 and Kar-wah Matthew Sin. "The study of residential roof tanks as a potential hazard." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255292.
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Gulotta, Charles S. III. "A Behavioral and Educational Treatment to Improve Adolescent Mothers Supervision and Home Safety Practices With Their Young Children." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30425.
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Injury is the leading cause of death and disabilityamong American children, and most injuries to children aged 1-5 years occur at home. Factors associated with increased risk for unintentional injury to young children include an overcrowded home environment, low SES, and living with a mother who is young, less educated, more emotionally overwhelmed, and less protective in her supervision, attributes characteristic of many adolescent mothers. Previous research suggests that teaching parents basic child behavior management techniques can reduce child dangerous behavior (Mathews, et al., 1987; Powers & Chapieski, 1986), but these interventions have not addressed the lack of knowledge about child development common among adolescent parents.
The current study employed a multiple-baseline design across subjects to assess the impact of a 6-week in home educational and behavioral treatment. Observable home hazards, supervisory skill, maternal efficacy, parenting stress, and cognitive readiness to parent were examined in four adolescent mothers (aged 16-19), in addition to the dangerous behavior of their children (aged 16-24 months). Mothers received education about child development and sensitive parenting, as well as training in home safety and child behavior management. Child dangerous behavior and maternal supervisory skill and positive behavior were assessed in weekly 20-minute videotaped mother-child interactions. Pre- and post- measures of parenting stress, cognitive readiness to parent, and maternal efficacy related to parenting and child safety were assessed by self-reports. Treatment resulted in improvements in mother positive behavior and knowledge of child development and in reductions of parenting stress, observable home hazards, and child dangerous behavior. A 2-month follow-up revealed some minimal maintenance of treatment gains suggesting additional booster sessions are needed for longer-term gains of reduced injury risk.Ph. D.
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Dunjó, Denti Jordi. "New trends for conducting hazard & operability (HAZOP) studies in continuous chemical processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6481.
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Identifying hazards is fundamental for ensuring the safe design and operation of a system in process plants and other facilities. Several techniques are available to identify hazardous situations, all of which require their rigorous, thorough, and systematic application by a multi-disciplinary team of experts. Success rests upon first identifying and subsequently analyzing possible scenarios that can cause accidents with different degrees of severity. While hazard identification may be the most important stage for risk management, it depends on subjectivity issues (e.g., human observation, good judgment and intuition, creativity, expertise, knowledge) which introduce bias. Without a structured identification system, hazards can be overlooked, thus entailing incomplete risk-evaluations and potential loss. The present Thesis is focused on developing both managerial and technical aspects intended to standardize one of the most used techniques for hazard identification; viz. HAZard & Operability (HAZOP) study.
These criteria have been carefully implemented not only to ensure that most of the hazardous scenarios will be identified, but also that US OSHA PSM Rule, EPA RMP, and Seveso Directive requirements will be accomplished.
Chapter I pioneers the main research topic; from introducing the process safety concept up to the evidence of more detailed information is required from related regulations. A review of regulations (i.e., US, Europe legislation) focused on Hazard Identification has been conducted, highlighting, there is an absence of specific criteria for performing techniques intended to identify what can go wrong.
Chapter II introduces the risk management system required to analyze the risk from chemical process facilities, and justifies that hazard identification stage is the Process Safety foundation. Hereafter, an overview of the key Process Hazard Analyzes (PHA) has been conducted, and the specific HAZOP weaknesses and strengths have been highlighted to establish the first steps to focus on.
Chapter III establishes the scope, the purpose and the specific objectives that the research covers. It answers the following questions on the spot: why the present research is performed, which elements are included, and what has been considered for acquiring the final conclusions of the manuscript.
Chapter IV gathers HAZOP-related literature from books, guidelines, standards, major journals, and conference proceedings with the purpose of classifying the research conducted over the years and finally define the HAZOP state-of-the-art. Additionally, and according to the information collected, the current HAZOP limitations have been emphasized, and thus, the research needs that should be considered for the HAZOP improvement and advance.
Chapter V analyzes the data collected while preparing, organizing, executing and writing HAZOPs in five petroleum-refining processes. A statistical analysis has been performed to extract guidance and conclusions to support the established criteria to conduct effectively HAZOP studies.
Chapter VI establishes the whole set of actions that have to be taken into account for ensuring a wellplanned and executed HAZOP study. Both technical and management issues are addressed, criteria supported after considering the previous chapters of the manuscript. Chapter VI itself is the result of the present research, and could be used as a guideline not only for team leaders, but also for any related party interested on performing HAZOPs in continuous chemical processes.
Chapter VII states the final conclusions of the research. The interested parties should be released about the hazard identification related-gaps present in current process safety regulations; which are the key limitations of the HAZOP study, and finally, which are the criteria to cover the research needs that have been found
Annex I proposes the key tools (tables, figures and checklists "ready-to use'') to be used for conducting HAZOPs in continuous chemical processes. The information layout is structured according to the proposed HAZOP Management System. This information is intended to provide concise and structured documentation to be used as a reference book when conducting HAZOPs. Annex II is intended to overview the most relevant petroleum refining processes by highlighting key factors to take into account in the point of view of process safety and hazard identification, i.e. HAZOP. In this sense, key health and safety information of specific petroleum refining units is provided as a valuable guidance during brainstorming sessions. Annex III illustrates the complete set of data collected during the field work of the present research, and also analyzed in Chapter V of the manuscript. Additionally, it depicts a statistical summary of the key variables treated during the analysis. Finally, the Nomenclature,
References, and Abbreviations & Acronyms used and cited during the manuscript have been listed. Additionally, a Glossary of key terms related to the Process Safety field has been illustrated.
La present Tesis doctoral té com a objectiu estandarditzar l'aplicació d'una de les tècniques més utilitzades a la industria de procés per a la identificació de perills; l'anomenat HAZard & OPerability (HAZOP) study, específicament a processos complexes, com per exemple, unitat de refineria del petroli.
El capítol I defineix el concepte de Seguretat de Processos, i progressivament analitza les diferents regulacions relacionades amb la temàtica, detallant específicament les mancances i buits d'informació que actualment hi ha presents a la primera etapa de la gestió del risc en industries de procés: la identificació de perills.
El capítol II defineix el sistema de gestió del risc tecnològic que aplica a les industries de procés, i es justifica que l'etapa d'identificació de perills és el pilar de tot el sistema. Finalment, es mencionen algunes de les tècniques d'identificació més utilitzades, els anomenats Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), i es detallen les seves mancances i fortaleses, característiques que han acabat definint la temàtica específica de la Tesis. Concretament, es dóna èmfasis a la tècnica anomenada HAZard & OPerability (HAZOP) study, objecte principal de la recerca.
El capítol III defineix l'abast, el propòsit i els objectius específics de la recerca. La intenció d'aquest capítol és donar resposta a les següents qüestions: el perquè de la recerca, quins elements han estat inclosos i què s'ha considerat per tal d'assolir les conclusions de la Tesis.
El capítol IV descriu l'estat de l'art de la literatura relacionada amb el HAZOP. Aquesta revisió no només permet classificar les diferents línies de recerca relacionades amb el HAZOP, sinó que també permet assolir un coneixement profund de les diferents particularitats de la pròpia tècnica. El capítol finalitza amb un conjunt de mancances tant de gestió com tècniques, així com les necessitats de recerca que poden millorar l'organització i execució dels HAZOPs.
El capítol V analitza la informació que ha estat recopilada durant la fase experimental de la tesis. Les dades procedeixen de la participació en cinc estudis HAZOP aplicats a la industria de refineria del petroli.
En aquest sentit, el capítol V desenvolupa una anàlisi estadística d'aquestes dades per extreure'n conclusions quant a la preparació, organització i execució dels HAZOPs.
El capítol VI estableix el conjunt d'accions que s'ha de tenir en compte per tal d'assegurar que un estudi HAZOP estigui ben organitzat i executat (la metodologia). Es defineix un Sistema de Gestió del HAZOP, i a partir de les seves fases, es desenvolupa una metodologia que pretén donar suport a tots aquells punts febles que han estat identificats en els capítols anteriors. Aquesta metodologia té la intenció de donar suport i guia no només als líders del HAZOP, sinó també a qualsevol part interessada en aquesta temàtica.
El capítol VII descriu les conclusions de la recerca. En primera instància s'enumeren les mancances quant a la definició de criteris a seguir de diferents regulacions que apliquen a la Seguretat de Processos.
Seguidament, es mencionen les limitacions de la pròpia tècnica HAZOP, i finalment, es descriuen quins són els criteris establerts per donar solució a totes aquestes febleses que han estat identificades.
L'Annex I és una recopilació de diferents criteris que han estat desenvolupats al llarg de l'escrit en forma de taules i figures. Aquestes han estat ordenades cronològicament d'acord amb les diferents fases que defineixen el Sistema de Gestió HAZOP. L'annex I es pot utilitzar com a una referència concisa i pràctica, preparada i pensada per ésser utilitzada directament a camp, amb la intenció de donar suport a les parts interessades en liderar estudis HAZOP.
L'annex II recopila informació relacionada amb aspectes clau de seguretat i medi ambient en diferents unitats de refineria. Aquest informació és un suport per tal de motivar el "brainstorming" dels diferents membres que conformen l'equip HAZOP.
L'Annex III recopila les dades de les diferents variables que han estat considerades a la fase experimental de la recerca, juntament amb un conjunt de figures que mostren la seva estadística bàsica.
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Judd, Johnn P. "Multi-hazard performance of steel moment frame buildings with collapse prevention systems in the central and eastern United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73509.
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This dissertation discusses the potential for using a conventional main lateral-force resisting system, combined with the reserve strength in the gravity framing, and or auxiliary collapse-inhibiting mechanisms deployed throughout the building, or enhanced shear tab connections, to provide adequate serviceability performance and collapse safety for seismic and wind hazards in the central and eastern United States. While the proposed concept is likely applicable to building structures of all materials, the focus of this study is on structural steel-frame buildings using either non-ductile moment frames with fully-restrained flange welded connections not specifically detailed for seismic resistance, or ductile moment frames with reduced beam section connections designed for moderate seismic demands.
The research shows that collapse prevention systems were effective at reducing the conditional probability of seismic collapse during Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) level ground motions, and at lowering the seismic and wind collapse risk of a building with moment frames not specifically detailed for seismic resistance. Reserve lateral strength in gravity framing, including the shear tab connections was a significant factor. The pattern of collapse prevention component failure depended on the type of loading, archetype building, and type of collapse prevention system, but most story collapse mechanisms formed in the lower stories of the building. Collapse prevention devices usually did not change the story failure mechanism of the building. Collapse prevention systems with energy dissipation devices contributed to a significant reduction in both repair cost and downtime. Resilience contour plots showed that reserve lateral strength in the gravity framing was effective at reducing recovery time, but less effective at reducing the associated economic losses. A conventional lateral force resisting system or a collapse prevention system with a highly ductile moment frame would be required for regions of higher seismicity or exposed to high hurricane wind speeds, but buildings with collapse prevention systems were adequate for many regions in the central and eastern United States.Ph. D.
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Andersen, Martin. "Consequences of Government Provision and Regulation of Health Insurance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10534.
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The first two chapters of this dissertation concern the effect of public catastrophic insurance programs. In the first chapter, I show how these programs, which only protect against large health shocks, induce advantageous selection in private insurance. I use data on older Americans with Medicare insurance from the Health and Retirement Study to test if individuals with supplemental private health insurance are systematically lower-risk in states with public catastrophic insurance programs. I find that these programs decrease the average health risk for the privately insured by $700 and that a one standard deviation increase in an individual’s health risk decreases her probability of having private insurance by 4 percentage points. In the second chapter, I show that these programs reduce the incentive to invest in risk-reducing activities. I find large decreases in self-protection after a program is introduced and that individuals for whom the program is less generous are more likely to engage in self-protection. These effects are stronger for women than for men and apply to a variety of investments in health, including decisions about smoking, obesity, and cancer screening. The third chapter considers a different form of government intervention in insurance markets. In this chapter, I study laws mandating that employer-sponsored health insurance provide coverage for mental illness. I show that industries for which mental health coverage became more generous had larger increases in the average mental distress of their insured workforce. Part of the increase in generosity was due to regulations mandating coverage of mental health benefits. I then show that these regulations affected the behavior of individuals in the labor market—individuals who value more generous mental health benefits and switch jobs work longer hours after these regulations take effect, but individuals who do not value mental health benefits decrease their labor supply. These results are consistent with firms cutting back on their demand for labor due to the cost of the mandate, which leads to lower wages and a decrease in labor supply by individuals who do not value mental health benefits, but an increase in labor supply by individuals who do value mental
health benefits highly.
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Boettner, John Lewis. "Environmental justice through pollution prevention development of a quantitative method to assess community vulnerability and air emission hazard for optimal impact /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2495.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 137 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-105).
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Neto, Manoel Correia de Oliveira Andrade. "A prisão preventiva entre suas funções declarada e oculta: uma análise a partir das decisões denegatórias de habeas corpus pela câmara criminal do Tribunal de justiça de Alagoas." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1135.
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O caminho percorrido neste trabalho teve como ponto de partida a exposição dos marcos teóricos do liberalismo clássico e da criminologia positivista, responsáveis pela construção do discurso jurídico-penal que legitima o poder de punir do Estado e da ideologia da defesa social, a qual, em suma, sustenta ser o direito penal uma reação ao comportamento de uma minoria desviante e proteção aos interesses da maioria; ou seja, o crime como um mal e a pena como resposta, remédio, que o Estado está legitimado a ministrar seja como retribuição, seja como contra-estímulo, para restauração da ordem. Ato contínuo, expus como pesquisas realizadas a partir dos aportes teóricos da reação social e, especialmente, da criminologia crítica, foram responsáveis pela deslegitimação daquele discurso e ideologia, revelando a verdadeira e oculta função do sistema penal, sua eficácia invertida: a legitimação e reprodução das assimetrias sociais através do controle social dos extratos mais vulneráveis. A dimensão desta disfunção pode ser medida quando conhecido que cerca de 40% (quarenta por cento), no Brasil, e 60% (sessenta por cento), em Alagoas, dentre todos os encarcerados, experimentam prisão preventiva, número que chama a atenção de criminólogos, mas também de pesquisadores de diversas outras áreas, bem como de uma parcela da sociedade civil, para a opção feita pelo sistema de justiça criminal de privação da liberdade anterior à condenação e, muitas vezes, ao próprio processamento. E, isto, apesar de o discurso declarado ou o conteúdo programático do direito processual brasileiro erigir a presunção de inocência a princípio fundamental, com assento na Constituição Federal e, portanto, como regra que impede o tratamento de culpado àqueles que não tenham sido condenados pela prática de um crime. A partir deste problema, então, realizei a coleta de dados de todos os acórdãos denegatórios de ordem de habeas corpus julgados no período de um ano pela câmara criminal do Tribunal de Justiça de Alagoas, quando estivesse presente no fundamento a necessidade da manutenção da prisão ante a presença dos requisitos autorizadores para decreto; os dados revelaram que a periculosidade do preso, a possibilidade de reiteração delitiva e a gravidade do crime eram os motivos que concentravam a atenção dos magistrados. Desta forma, separei três decisões típicas e, através do método de análise de conteúdo, busquei, para além do conteúdo declarado, aquele outro, não dito, oculto, capaz de revelar o real motivo para o alto número de encarceramento preventivo. Em conclusão, a pesquisa demonstrou que a prisão preventiva tem cumprido uma real função de medida de segurança para imputáveis, considerados perigosos, dando-se elevada importância aos elementos informativos colhidos durante a investigação, posto que a conduta imputada, e reveladora da periculosidade, não é outra senão aquela atribuída pela autoridade policial. Neste sentido, a seletividade policial, realizada, como demonstram os estudos da criminologia crítica sobre os extratos mais débeis e precários da sociedade, é chancelada pela seletividade judicial, que contribui decisivamente para que o sistema penal realize suas reais funções de neutralização e disciplina das classes sociais inferioresThe path this work had as its starting point the exposure of theoretical frameworks of classical liberalism and positivist criminology, responsible for building the legal and criminal speech that legitimizes the power to punish the state and ideology of social defense, which, in short, contends that the criminal law a reaction to the behavior of a deviant minority and protecting the interests of the majority; ie the crime as an evil and off in response, remedy, that the state is legitimized the minister is paid back either as counter-stimulus for restoring order. Immediately thereafter, exposed as research conducted from the theoretical contributions of social reaction and especially of critical criminology, were responsible for the delegitimization of that discourse and ideology, revealing the true and hidden function of the penal system, its inverted effectiveness: the legitimation and reproduction social asymmetries through social control of the most vulnerable strata. The size of this dysfunction can be measured when known that about 40% (forty percent), Brazil, and 60% (sixty percent), Alagoas, of all the prisoners, experience probation, a number that draws attention criminologists, but also of researchers from several other areas as well as a portion of the civil society, the choice made by the criminal justice system of deprivation of liberty prior to sentencing and often the processing itself. And this, despite the declared speech or the curriculum of the Brazilian procedural law erect the presumption of innocence the fundamental principle with seat in the Federal Constitution and therefore, as a rule that prevents the treatment of guilty to those who have not been convicted of commission of a crime. From this problem, then realized the collection of data from all denegatórios judgments of habeas corpus order judged within one year by the criminal chamber of the Court of Alagoas, were present when the foundation the need for prison maintenance ante the presence of authorizers requirements to decree; the data revealed that the "dangerousness of the prisoner," the "possibility of repetition delitiva" and the "gravity of the crime" were the reasons that concentrated the attention of the judges. Thus, separated three typical decisions and through the content analysis method, I looked beyond the declared content, that other, unspoken, hidden, able to reveal the real reason for the high number of preventive imprisonment. In conclusion, the research has shown that pre-trial detention has fulfilled a real security measure attributable to function, considered "dangerous" if giving high importance to the elements of information collected during the investigation, since "its conduct", and revealing the "dangerousness" is none other than that assigned by the police. In this regard, police selectivity held, as shown by studies of critical criminology on the weakest and most precarious strata of society, is sealed by the court selectivity, which contributes decisively to the criminal justice system to hold its real neutralization of functions and discipline of classes lower social.
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Madariaga, Michael E. "Target safety programs focused on preventing specific hazards/injuries /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011880.
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Kalavagunta, Ravi P. "Prevention of Mold in Building Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155140670.
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Matthei, Jonathan. "The Impact of Implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) During Construction." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297856.
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Health and safety during construction remains a worldwide challenge that the construction industry is facing. The German construction industry recorded an average of 110,000 accidents per year in the period of 2010 to 2019. A discernible trend toward a decrease in occupational accidents is not visible. In this context, traditional safety planning does not seem to be able to guarantee sufficient health and safety during construction. In line with the BIM Roadmap published by the German Ministry of Transport in 2015, it can be recognized that Building Information Modeling (BIM) is supposed to be increasingly used in upcoming years. This paper aims to identify how BIM could positively impact Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) during construction. Therefore, a thesis procedure, combining quantitative and qualitative research with an in depth literature review is introduced. This study reveals a high added value of using BIM for (1) safety rule checking and design validation and (2) safety education, training and communication. BIM as a decision supporting tool has the potential to reduce the underestimation of safety hazards and improve safety reporting, which have been identified as current vulnerabilities in the construction industry. Furthermore, an added benefit to sustainability following the concept of Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is illustrated. In practice, however, BIM for OSH remains unused, while those working with BIM are not familiar with safety planning. This study indicates that in order to fully utilize the potential of BIM, intuitiveness and standardization is required, while those implementing BIM and those using BIM need to be aware of and willing to exploit the potential of new technologies. The challenge now is to recognize the potential of BIM in relation to OHS and to actively use BIM for health and safety purposes.Att skapa en säker arbetsmiljö på byggarbetsplatsen är fortfarande en global utmaning för byggbranschen. I den tyska byggbranschen inträffade till exempel i genomsnitt 110 000 olyckor per år under perioden 2010-2019 och det syns ingen märkbar minskning. I detta sammanhang verkar traditionell säkerhetsplanering inte kunna garantera tillräcklig hälsa och säkerhet under byggandet. I samband med den strategiska BIM-implementeringsplanen som publicerades av det tyska transportministeriet 2015 ska Building Information Modeling (BIM) användas i allt större utsträckning under de kommande åren. Syftet med den här artikeln är att identifiera hur BIM skulle kunna ha en positiv inverkan på arbetsmiljö och säkerhet (OHS) på byggarbetsplatsen. Studien kombinerar kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning med en djupgående litteraturgenomgång. Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort mervärde i att använda BIM för (1) kontroll av säkerhetsregler och validering av konstruktionen och (2) utbildning, träning och kommunikation om säkerhet. BIM som beslutsstöd kan möjliggöra en mer realistisk bedömning av säkerhetsrisker och förbättra säkerhetsrapporteringen, vilket har identifierats som aktuella sårbarheter i byggbranschen. Det finns också fördelar med att implementera konceptet Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD). I praktiken är dock BIM för arbetsmiljöfrågor fortfarande oanvänd, samtidigt som de som arbetar med BIM inte är tillräckligt bekanta med säkerhetsaspekter. För att BIM:s potential ska kunna utnyttjas fullt ut krävs en ökad användarvänlighet och standardisering av verktygen. Samtidigt måste de som implementerar och använder BIM vara medvetna om och villiga att utnyttja den nya teknikens potential. Utmaningen är nu att förstå potentialen av BIM för arbetsmiljöaspekter och att proaktivt använda BIM för att öka säkerheten på byggarbetsplatser.
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Habibi, Ehsanollah. "A safety analysis of industrial accidents : accident records of major coal producing countries are analysed to obtain fatal and non-fatal accident rates : significant factors influencing these rates are identified with efficacy of preventive measures." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4229.
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A comprehensive study of accident records which have occured in Coal Mining Industries of Europe and U. S. A are analysed. The intention of the research was to establish relationships between the various accidents and prevention methods adopted by each country are evaluated and to assess the impact of industrial legislation in these various countries on accident rate are examined. The study analyses in paricular the fatal accident rate, and major and minor rate. The Major health hazards associated with coal mining are described in detail and discusses together with the Measurement of safety performance and its application in the Safety field. The study also examines the role of human factors in accidents also includes a summaries of fatal and major injury rates for 46 countries. Arising from the research a number of recommendations for improving safety are requires further research are indentified.
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Andrade, Neto Manoel Correia de Oliveira. "A prisão preventiva entre suas funções declarada e oculta: uma análise a partir das decisões denegatórias de habeas corpus pela câmara criminal do Tribunal de justiça de Alagoas." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/554.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-24The path this work had as its starting point the exposure of theoretical frameworks of classical liberalism and positivist criminology, responsible for building the legal and criminal speech that legitimizes the power to punish the state and ideology of social defense, which, in short, contends that the criminal law a reaction to the behavior of a deviant minority and protecting the interests of the majority; ie the crime as an evil and off in response, remedy, that the state is legitimized the minister is paid back either as counter-stimulus for restoring order. Immediately thereafter, exposed as research conducted from the theoretical contributions of social reaction and especially of critical criminology, were responsible for the delegitimization of that discourse and ideology, revealing the true and hidden function of the penal system, its inverted effectiveness: the legitimation and reproduction social asymmetries through social control of the most vulnerable strata. The size of this dysfunction can be measured when known that about 40% (forty percent), Brazil, and 60% (sixty percent), Alagoas, of all the prisoners, experience probation, a number that draws attention criminologists, but also of researchers from several other areas as well as a portion of the civil society, the choice made by the criminal justice system of deprivation of liberty prior to sentencing and often the processing itself. And this, despite the declared speech or the curriculum of the Brazilian procedural law erect the presumption of innocence the fundamental principle with seat in the Federal Constitution and therefore, as a rule that prevents the treatment of guilty to those who have not been convicted of commission of a crime. From this problem, then realized the collection of data from all denegatórios judgments of habeas corpus order judged within one year by the criminal chamber of the Court of Alagoas, were present when the foundation the need for prison maintenance ante the presence of authorizers requirements to decree; the data revealed that the "dangerousness of the prisoner," the "possibility of repetition delitiva" and the "gravity of the crime" were the reasons that concentrated the attention of the judges. Thus, separated three typical decisions and through the content analysis method, I looked beyond the declared content, that other, unspoken, hidden, able to reveal the real reason for the high number of preventive imprisonment. In conclusion, the research has shown that pre-trial detention has fulfilled a real security measure attributable to function, considered "dangerous" if giving high importance to the elements of information collected during the investigation, since "its conduct", and revealing the "dangerousness" is none other than that assigned by the police. In this regard, police selectivity held, as shown by studies of critical criminology on the weakest and most precarious strata of society, is sealed by the court selectivity, which contributes decisively to the criminal justice system to hold its real neutralization of functions and discipline of classes lower social.
O caminho percorrido neste trabalho teve como ponto de partida a exposição dos marcos teóricos do liberalismo clássico e da criminologia positivista, responsáveis pela construção do discurso jurídico-penal que legitima o poder de punir do Estado e da ideologia da defesa social, a qual, em suma, sustenta ser o direito penal uma reação ao comportamento de uma minoria desviante e proteção aos interesses da maioria; ou seja, o crime como um mal e a pena como resposta, remédio, que o Estado está legitimado a ministrar seja como retribuição, seja como contra-estímulo, para restauração da ordem. Ato contínuo, expus como pesquisas realizadas a partir dos aportes teóricos da reação social e, especialmente, da criminologia crítica, foram responsáveis pela deslegitimação daquele discurso e ideologia, revelando a verdadeira e oculta função do sistema penal, sua eficácia invertida: a legitimação e reprodução das assimetrias sociais através do controle social dos extratos mais vulneráveis. A dimensão desta disfunção pode ser medida quando conhecido que cerca de 40% (quarenta por cento), no Brasil, e 60% (sessenta por cento), em Alagoas, dentre todos os encarcerados, experimentam prisão preventiva, número que chama a atenção de criminólogos, mas também de pesquisadores de diversas outras áreas, bem como de uma parcela da sociedade civil, para a opção feita pelo sistema de justiça criminal de privação da liberdade anterior à condenação e, muitas vezes, ao próprio processamento. E, isto, apesar de o discurso declarado ou o conteúdo programático do direito processual brasileiro erigir a presunção de inocência a princípio fundamental, com assento na Constituição Federal e, portanto, como regra que impede o tratamento de culpado àqueles que não tenham sido condenados pela prática de um crime. A partir deste problema, então, realizei a coleta de dados de todos os acórdãos denegatórios de ordem de habeas corpus julgados no período de um ano pela câmara criminal do Tribunal de Justiça de Alagoas, quando estivesse presente no fundamento a necessidade da manutenção da prisão ante a presença dos requisitos autorizadores para decreto; os dados revelaram que a periculosidade do preso , a possibilidade de reiteração delitiva e a gravidade do crime eram os motivos que concentravam a atenção dos magistrados. Desta forma, separei três decisões típicas e, através do método de análise de conteúdo, busquei, para além do conteúdo declarado, aquele outro, não dito, oculto, capaz de revelar o real motivo para o alto número de encarceramento preventivo. Em conclusão, a pesquisa demonstrou que a prisão preventiva tem cumprido uma real função de medida de segurança para imputáveis, considerados perigosos , dando-se elevada importância aos elementos informativos colhidos durante a investigação, posto que a conduta imputada , e reveladora da periculosidade , não é outra senão aquela atribuída pela autoridade policial. Neste sentido, a seletividade policial, realizada, como demonstram os estudos da criminologia crítica sobre os extratos mais débeis e precários da sociedade, é chancelada pela seletividade judicial, que contribui decisivamente para que o sistema penal realize suas reais funções de neutralização e disciplina das classes sociais inferiores
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Senor, Steven D. "An analysis of strategies and interventions for preventing exposure to hazards in young, entry level workers." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009senors.pdf.
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Ali, Abdulla Ahmed. "Microbial foodborne illnesses in Bahrain : a strategy to empower the community, enhance the environment and improve resources to control such hazards." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2702/.
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This descriptive study was conducted in the State of Bahrain using: firstly, a questionnaire for students in the final year of their school education, together with a similar questionnaire for their parents, teachers and all Bahraini health promoters; secondly, focus group interviews; thirdly, hazard analyses critical control point (HACCP) model and a checklist to assess schools' canteen, and finally, an evaluation of school's textbooks and health education materials. The study was designed to answer three principal research questions: 1. Do Bahrainis have appropriate knowledge, healthy beliefs and opinions which will empower them to control food poisoning; 2. Are the canteen environments and the practices within the canteens supportive to health; 3. Do school textbooks and health education materials empower the community in food safety? This study describes for the first time the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs of students, parents, teachers, and health promoters in food safety and HACCP in schools and TLMs and linked these three areas to suggest empowering control measures. The results of this study indicate that future health promotion programmes should start at primary school level and teachers need to be further trained in environmental health issues. Canteen environment, and practices need to be further addressed by authorities. Particular attention should be focused on the critical control points which are the time of preparation, transportation, storage and temperature control during display of foods. There is a need for providing appropriate resources which influence learning and community empowerment. Recommendations also suggested the implementation of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion which mobilises all the community, resources and the media.
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Goutondji, Leopoldine E. S. Abul. "Preventing water pollution by dairy by-products risk assessment and comparison of legislation in Benin and South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302008-165039/.
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Lu, Yen-men, and 盧業明. "A Study on Hazard Prevention of Heritages and Historical Building--Fire Hazard Prevention for Example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b293qa.
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碩士南華大學
環境管理研究所
95
The catastrophic earthquake on September 21st 1999 in Taiwan caused severe damages to many lives and properties including valuable heritage sites with unique local characteristics and historical buildings. As people embark on the reconstruction work after the catastrophe, it is important to understand and investigate the true causes for the destruction. Other than earthquake, flood, termites, humidity etc, the natural causes as well as man-made factors such as fire, which all can destroy the heritage sites. The protection from the aforementioned natural disasters, the weather forecast can help with preparation in advance. It is also crucial to monitor the environment. For the restoration and daily maintenance of heritage sites and historical buildings, the prevalent fire regulations and the construction law still leave a big gap to meet the restoring requirement. In order to balance between the restoration requirement and public safety, it is necessary to set up a disaster prevention system. The building materials of heritage sites and historical buildings are mostly wooden material, which are different from the modern ones. Therefore, the major issue is disaster or hazard prevention, especially the fireproof function. When general disaster occurred, there may be some chances to save the properties. Yet, when a fire braked out, it would be total annihilation. The research will probe into the regulations of fire prevention on cultural heritages and historical buildings, conducting case studies and proposing protection strategies including the followings. 1.All heritage sites and historical buildings should set up a system of Fire Safety Manager 2.Sectionalize a fireproof area 3.Control the source of fire and management of combustible material 4.Management of electronic instrument wiring and appliance 5.Regulations about the set-up of lightning protection 6.Regulations about fire extinguisher 7.Educational training The establishment of the above regulations and protocols will help to provide local authorities as references for maintaining, managing and re-functioning the heritage sites and historical buildings.
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Liu, Wei-Te, and 劉威德. "The Prevention of Moral Hazard in Life Insurance." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14857260864914722889.
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Min, Cheng Tsung, and 鄭宗敏. "Decision Supporting System of Chemical Hazard Prevention and Mitigation." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43499701987773826677.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
89
ABSTRACT Generally speaking, several minutes after any emergency, during which time whether we could take the most immediate and effective action, is the most crucial moment to determine whether a situation could be controlled effectively, and damage could be minimized, or it will develop into a more serious disaster. The goal of this research is to apply the concept and technology of GIS (Geographic Information System) to handle effectively the special characteristics of spatial and attribute information develop knowledge-based tools for decision support; provide the most complete and effective emergency response action in the shortest period of time. Based on compiled information on factories in Taiwan that are involved with handling and manufacturing important hazardous chemical material, this research will focus on the integration of nation-wide emergency response systems from chemical fire rescue, emergency care, to the mapping of high risk areas and establishment of spatial database. This integration will provide immediate professional knowledge to emergency response personnel to develop effective response strategy and enhance capability on chemical fire emergency response effort, knowledgebase manage management, emergency coordination management, poisonous material rescue management, industrial and chemical fire sensitive area database, and emergency care and rescue. The research should promote our national effort on disaster prevention and rescue ability, and provide a foundation for modernizing our nation-wide system on chemical disaster prevention and rescue and fire fighting. Key Words: GIS, Geographical Information System, Decision Support system, Chemical fire disaster
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Chen, Chiao-Chia, and 陳巧佳. "The Study of Building Engineering Construction Hazard Prevention Strategy." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68744987280739574695.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
102
In the construction field, building engineering is the category of large construction quantity, many workers, and related to the public closely. Most of building engineering project in Taiwan has become more complicate and grew high-leveled. Thus, the safety management of building construction becomes much more important. However, the construction contractor is the most critical role in construction safety management. Therefore, in order to ensure the construction workers and the safety of public, the study presents the concept with “Prevention rather than recuperation”, and provides prevention strategy to contractors for implementing safety management during operation of construction activities. This study statistics domestic building engineering construction current requirements, features, and contents through analyzes historical construction hazards. Construction hazard cause is also investigated and complies with the law of safe and environment friendly to develop countermeasures, and expects to provide contractors as the reference for setting safety management plan. At the same time the safety management systems is applied to coordinate the contractors’ requirements safety management items, and establish the framework of cycle PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) to systematically promote and implement construction safety management activities. Therefore, the goal of research is to create a safe working environment and build safe construction working sites, to achieve the purpose of preventing occupational hazard and public hazard.
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Chiu, Chang-Min, and 邱昌民. "The Hazard Factor and Loss Prevention of Lifeboat Ancident." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67664359481224951831.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
96
According to the marine accident statistics from 1989 to 2000 conducted by the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch, one of the major causes contributing the seafarer casualties was the lifeboat accidents. Although there have been tremendous efforts by International Maritime Organization to revise related regulations of routine operation to enhance the lifeboat safety, but not entirely satisfactory effects. In addition, lifeboat accidents may not only cause disaster consequences to seafarers and equipments, but the shortage of manning levels if crews are dead or injured or impaired facilities. This also will result in the violation of unseaworthiness, then the owner or shipping companies may therefore incur huge losses. Thus, this study’s objective is to realize the common hazard factors in lifeboat accidents. First of all, the classification-tree technique is employed to categorize the historical lifeboat incidents. Then followed by the application of the death index method to assess the severity in terms of injury and death for each classification. Thirdly, such results will be compared with the contributing factors that have been identified based on field study according the common classification. Consequently, the common hazard factors of lifeboat incidents will be appreciated. By applying the research framework proposed in this study, it is concluded that the common classification is drill in port and the most lifeboat accidents are improper operation and poor communication due to human errors as well as the breakdown of winches, brakes and release gears due to machine malfunctions. Such factors are regarded as crucial elements for the lifeboat safety to which more attentions should be paid.
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WENG, CHI-TSUN, and 翁吉村. "Hazard Factor Analysis and Loss Prevention of Containerized Cargo Damage." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00299627303004836187.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
92
Containerized cargo has cost about 82 million US dollars from 1987 to 2002, according to the UK P&I Club’s own analysis of major claims (over $100,000) spanning a period of 16 years. In addition, containerized cargo had clearly been showed above the all major claims trend since 1991, and showed signs of increasing. Recently, however, any company or the maritime industry cannot shoulder more and more serious containerized cargo accidents cost. In consideration of this problem, the application of risk management techniques to containerized cargo loss is essential and significance to container carrier. But at same time, there is still no systematic risk management methodology and loss prevention for containerized cargo. For this reason, this study is based on Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology to develop the Containerized Transport Safety Assessment Philosophy. Then try to find first 3 hazard factors by questionnaires, statistics and the risk matrix to demonstrate the application of the Philosophy. In conclusion, proposed the suitable loss prevention measures to expect to help for lessening or eliminating the serious maritime pecuniary loss from the hazard factor. The findings of this study indicate: 1 The Philosophy is suitable for the Containerized Transport; 2 First 3 hazard factors are “Cargo Loss from Sinking Accident”, “Fire and Explosion” and “Cargo Shifting from Bad Stowage and Securing in Container”; 3 Loss prevention measures by applying FTA and ETA method are firstly improvement in “Ignoring of Maintenance and Operation Procedure for Equipment and Machinery”, “Not Up to Date Regulations and Data”, “Insufficient and Incorrect Cargo Information” and “Applicable Operation Procedure of Safety Cargo Stowage and Securing”; In addition there is quite direct and indirect relation with human errors in these 3 hazard factors. Key word: Safety Assessment Philosophy, Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), Containerized Cargo Loss Prevention, Hazard Factor Analysis, Risk Management.
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Wu, Wen-Chiang, and 吳文強. "Thermal Hazard Prevention Measures In Steel Mill Crane Operating Room." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43165121533423711557.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
99
With 1500 ℃flowing steel water and 1000 ℃stacked slabs within the plant, the crane operator at the top of the steelworks plant is exposed to high temperature operation environment. The main objective of this research was to protect the steelworks crane operator from thermal hazard. The major ways to do this were to enhance heat convection within the plant, to reduce thermal radiation, to reinforce the thermal insulation in the crane operator room, to enhance high temperature air conditioning system, etc. After the improvement measures were done, the indoor plate temperature was reduced from 66 ℃ to 56 ℃, the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) was reduced from 33.0 ℃to25.0 ℃, and the peripheral temperature of the crane operation room was kept the same at 70 ℃, under the 29 ℃,atomosphere temperature. The operating environment for the employee was significantly improved. In addition to the engineering measures, the setup of reasonable duty-shift system, appropriate high temperature protection tool provision , and appropriate water intake were highly recommended . Through all the above actions, the mental and body health of the operator can then be protected.
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Rong-Hong, Huang, and 黃榮鴻. "Development of teaching materials for hazard prevention in confined spaces." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23090864948934202583.
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碩士中華醫事科技大學
職業安全衛生系暨碩士班
105
The hidden dangers of confined space usually not be perceived by visual recognized results in the lack of labor in awareness of its hazards, risk identification, and prevention. At present, the content of this education and training materials are mostly lack of easy and friendly lesson plans to understand and appropriate teaching materials. Therefore, this study is intended to develop a set of educational programs linked by simple and interactive materials. The introduction of confined spaces operations include the concept of hazard identification, assessment, and control. To provide labor with more convenient operation and learning which will combine the network and mobile phone platform applications in the future to develop more application and learning channels. The lesson plans are designed in a straightforward manner and fit into the life of the illustration. The teaching materials will be related to the concept, issues and personnel may produce accidents for the design, link and operate. Model design in the following ways to construct the development of lesson plans: 1. Use PPT module to establish a lesson plan; 2. Collect the relevant visualized image to indicate; 3. Create the required flow chart; 4. Visualized Image-base and Text Auxiliary for the establishment of the module screen; 5. According to the operating process in turn before, during and after the need to pay attention to matters. And the concept of confined space is illustrated by the concept of fusion identification, evaluation and control. To achieve the purpose of effective learning. The development of the lesson plans of confined spaces relate to the design of the hazards, links and operations. This module lesson plan applied for students test resulted in satisfied test scores (average 91.5) significantly more than the other students using standard lesson plans (average 61.25). A significant improvement in the scores of the developed module lesson tests and the attraction of the lesson plans and the interaction of the class and the willingness of the students to participate. The development of this lesson plan can effectively improve the concept of confined space accident and safety awareness. So that learners have more ability to identify the hazard. The use of "confined space prevent, training and teaching materials" lesson plans with attracting visualized image can quickly and accurately remember its harmful effects. To improve the safety of workers from more harmful identification ability, raising the interest of learners and more effective strategies to enhance the effect of learning. This teaching materials play such role and also hopes that in the future, workers and managers will be able to learn from the Internet, or through the development of web APP software interactive model. The establishment of a complete concept and practical skills of practice, so that the risk of confined space can effective limit to harm control and to protect the health and safety of workers. Keywords: confined spaces, teaching and training materials, infographics.
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Chiou, Yan-Shiang, and 邱彥翔. "Design of Toxic Chemical Substances Hazard Prevention and Response Plan Assistant." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29981813838043136525.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系碩士班
100
According to the first management law of Toxic Chemical Substances Hazard says, toxic chemical substances hazard can make the pollutions or harmful for health, so the law was drafted. The idea for most people is very similar custom regulations. Compared to the software, it is much harder. But if the convenience of computer can be used well, the Borland Delphi software can make the plan electronization. Designing a complete database system, programming a interface which is more convenient to read and write for those users, and conforming all the necessary information. Can make it more convenient and faster for those who would like to fill in this plan. This research methods and procedures includes: 1. check the related literature to understand some definitions of basic terms, executive motivations and methods. The directions of information collection are onto each content, plan formats and other data, etc. 2. Planning the content includes the arrangement of each details and construction of database, etc. 3. Learn to use the Borland Delphi software. 4. Design the program of emergency response plan and make the interface setting more clarity. 5. Trial and improvement of the system. The results of this research is aim to fulfill the design of the emergency response plan. Make the program become electronization and establish a perfect database to provide better convenience ( for example, the selective of the content and the interface is simple and easy to operate, etc.) By those project of software integration plan, users can more easily to finish the emergency response plan and managers can collate information content more efficient for inquire in the future.
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CHANG, Jih-wang, and 張日旺. "The Hazard and Prevention of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59321627918848285950.
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碩士銘傳大學
社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
97
In 1996, United Nations warned the illicit manufacture and trafficking of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) will replace the three plant-based drugs: opium, cocaine and cannabis. In “Ecstasy and Amphetamines Global Survey 2003” points out that the abusers of amphetamine, methamphetamine and ecstasy have exceeded the number of cocaine and heroin combined. ATS have become the most widely abused drugs in twenty first century globally. In today’s world, globalization of the drug problem has posed a significant threat on human survival and development. Long before the 1990’s, the problem of amphetamines started its emergence in Taiwan. Drug-related crimes and drug addicts are growing, and the number of seizures of amphetamine records high, too. It is earlier than other countries when United Nations warned the global prevalence of abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants trend. Thus Taiwan government devoted all its efforts to seek solutions actively. In 1998, the rising of MDMA in Taiwan led to ketamine, erimin and other amphetamine-type drugs abuse that grows higher. Therefore, our Government should develop appropriate countermeasures to prevent new drug abuse of soft drugs from transferring into hard drugs, from which derived more social problems. ATS are easy to obtain and are inexpensive. Users get excited rapidly and effects last long. In addition, the adolescent addicts do not know much about the harm of drugs, particularly that of “ice”, ecstasy and other drugs. So it spread rapidly among drug users and abusers sharply increase in number. As far as amphetamine-type drugs are concerned, Taiwan is a manufacturing country and has a wide population of abuse. Our government should pay attention to the problem of the proliferation of drugs. Drug control mechanisms include the study of the strategy, the rule of law in an all-faceted plan and the betting of national resources pumped into a sustainable and coherent anti-drug measures, therefore we can prevent the spread and rapid growth of the drug.
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CHIH-HSIANG, YANG, and 楊致祥. "A VR Simulation Study of Hazard-prevention and Evacuation in Public Space." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58983713609307914387.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所
86
This study, which emphasizes hazard prevention in architecture related fields, applies different virtual reality (VR) technologies in egress simulates in order to analyze the relationship between signage and evacuation behavior. This research includes three topics: 1) the influence of egress sign on evacuation behavior 2) the application of different VR technologies in architecture; and 3) the evaluation of architectural design result exemplified by fire-prevention and evacuation. Fire egress routes were simulated in three manners: image-based VR, graphic/model-based VR, and hybrid VR. Simulation and tests were conducted based on the location, height, size, brightness, and color of egress sign. A Karaoka TV (KTV) was tested by using authoring tool to build virtual scene. Egress route, visibility, and signage were simulated based on human eye level. VR test result was used as a reference to correct the blind spot occurred to plan layout in traditional hazard prevention.
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Huang, Shang-yu, and 黃上遊. "FIRE HAZARD FACTORS, FIRE PREVENTION CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90286523394611980137.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
工程管理碩士在職專班
103
For the past few years, most building fire incidents are low-rise residential buildings from the government statistics. This study was aimed to evaluate the factors of fire hazards of low-rise residential buildings and to propose the strategy of prevention and control. Three steps were conducted ：(1) analyze the building code、 regulations of fire department and the statistic of fire incidents last five years；(2) design the questionnaire and conduct the surveys by interviewing the experts and (3) perform SWOT analysis and obtain the strategy matrix. Factors affecting the fire hazard of low-rise residential buildings are the excessive combustion materials in the room and electric shortcut. Mitigation strategies include the setting of extra fire alarm systems and minimization of storing flammable materials.
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吳新富. "Hazard Identification and Prevention during the Construction of a New High-Tech FAB." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2673q2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災組
96
Construction industry is an industry characterized with high risks and high incidental rate of occupational hazards. Besides, its major occupational incidental rate is the highest among all industries. For the purpose of enhancing the competitiveness, reducing the cost, and increasing the market share, the technologies and products of high-tech industry are always kept updating. Hence the construction of a new fab always has to be proceeded with high speed and efficiency. Moreover, the structure and construction characteristics of a high-tech fab are very different from those of a traditional industry. Occupational accidents in the high-tech industry may occur much more frequent than other industries. This thesis takes the construction engineering of a new semiconductor Fab building located in Central Taiwan Science Park as an example. The major hazards faced by labors during each stage of the construction have been analyzed and identified, and the ways of preventing the main hazards have been implemented and integrated. The management experience and the lessons learned about the labor safety and health during the construction of a high-tech fab are also covered in this thesis. It is hoped that this thesis helps the industry to establish a better management model and are useful to other high-tech fab construction projects. Key word: Hi-tech Fab (Fabrication), Hazard Identification, Hazard Prevention, Construction Project Management, Labor Safety and Health Management
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Kao, Jen-Wei, and 高任瑋. "A Decision Support System on Hazard-prevention and Evacuation in High-Rise Buildings." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v856su.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
93
As the steadfast development of the local economy continues to drive up the cost of remaining developable building properties, the building technology is increasingly dictated by a high-rise buildings in order to maximize land utilization. Yet a variety of reasons, such as an enormous bulk, complex structure, exceptional construction materials and highly populated density have made high-rise buildings a firetrap in the event of a fire rescue mission, leading to severe casualty and damage. The research tried to establish related mathematical models in building up a decision support system for high-rise buildings. Therefore this study first establishes the egress time in fires, using the assumption that crowd movement in fire is a pipeline movement plus a time variable, Then to establish a dynamic egress model for high-rise buildings. The shortest egress route resulting in the least egress time is then determined using the model established. Secondly, based to the principle that the total number of occupants in a building should be equal to the service capacity of all exits. A table of egress capacity is established using the different egress times to calculate the initial egress capacity distribution. Revisions and redistribution are used to optimize the initial figures, so as to allow for optimal flow of the evacuees and successful evacuation. This study, which emphasizes hazard prevention in architecture related fields, applies dynamic programming in egress simulates in order to analyze the relationship between signage and evacuation behavior in high-rise buildings. It provides a systematic procedure for determining the optimal combination of decisions.
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JUNG, LIANG, and 梁榕. "Warning system for monitoring unsecured protection devices for hazard prevention in construction site." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53034900713471874199.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
103
Occupational injury in construction sites is a serious problem as it not only causes physical damage to the victims, but also affects the victims’ family, company reputation, and national work power. The construction industry is more complex and difficult to manage, in terms of labor safety, then other industries because it often involves high-altitude operations, interactions among multiple trades, and tedious work items. In Taiwan, the number of construction workers suffering from occupational injury every year is more than half of the total number. Although Taiwan government has addressed this issue by increasing the frequency of onsite inspections and aggravating related punishment, the effort is still inadequate to reduce the annual number of occupational injuries. According to the Ministry of Labor, the number of workers died by falling or rolling in construction site is higher than other incidents. Falling and rolling may be caused by poor construction safety management or triggered by unsecured protection devices, such as hardhats and lifeline stanchions. The present study develops a warning system to monitor whether the protection devices of construction workers are properly secured. Once the protection device is unsecured, the site superintendents will be automatically notified by messages or emails sent to their mobile devices. The proposed warning system can inform the superintendents about possible threatens and therefore protect construction workers from occupational accident caused by unsecured protection devices. The proposed system integrates modern information technologies: Bluetooth, single-chip microcontroller Arduino, and mobile APP. The system continuously detects whether the protection device is secured by sending our signals through Bluetooth. If the protection device is unsecured, the single-chip microcontroller Arduino will deliver the signal to a transmission server, which sends out messages or emails to mobile devices specified by an APP program. The practical use of the proposed system is showcased by applying it to hardhats and lifeline stanchions.
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Lin, Yin-rong, and 林吟蓉. "Study of Fire/Explosion Simulation and Hazard Prevention for High Volume Civil Aircrafts." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76718033824443920823.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系碩士班
99
From the early hot air balloon, airship to today’s aircraft, human being’s enthusiasm for more convenient air traffic resulting in continuous development of aviation technology; however, such development also derived many air disasters, such as the Hindenburg disaster, the crash of TWA Flight 800 and the Lockerbie plane bombing. In order to realize the seriousness of these disasters and to prevent or reduce them, this research targets to the Hindenburg airship and the Boeing 747 aircraft and tries to use the FLACS fire/explosion simulation software to analysis harmful consequences of air transportation. The authors first conducted an accident reconstruction for the Hindenburg airship, meanwhile, explored the seriousness of different situations of large civil aircraft explosion on the ground and in the air, as well as the feasibility of different abatement measures. Finally, employed the risk analysis module to transfer simulated consequences of overpressure, pressure impulse and temperature into risk value, different hazardous consequences can be quantified as individual risk values. According to the study, FLACS software is suitable for simulating the hydrogen explosion accident of the Hindenburg airship since the simulation result is very similar to the real situation. This indicates the software has a certain degree of accuracy. As for the aircraft explosion simulation, most of the results shown the fuselage had ruptured or fractured because of the overpressure; however, we noticed that higher risk areas had appeared at the area of the economy class seats after comparing the results with those of the risk analysis module. In addition, the explosion overpressure values of the aircraft in the air were lower than those on the ground, we believe this is because when aircraft in the air has a lower cabin pressure thus reduced the upper explosion limit of the released fuel. On the other hand, we also tried to put the hazard mitigating measures such as sprinkler system or inert gas into the aircraft cabin. The results of the sprinkler system was not significant. The fire extinguishing effect of inert gas was obvious; however, the reduced overpressure still had no place to be vented. The prolonged overpressure in the cabin increases the pressure impulse thus causes more people died according to the results of the risk analysis module. The fire extinguishing effect will be more significant if nitrogen were replaced by carbon dioxide. Hence, we suggest filling an appropriate concentration of carbon dioxide into the cargo compartment and installing multiple pressure relief panels that only can be opened when the internal pressure of the cargo compartment reaches a certain level. We expect by doing so can minimize the explosion accident inside an aircraft. According to the quantitative risk analysis results, the individual risk of an airplane is about 0~1.096x10-3 (person/year) when luggage is filled inside the cargo compartment. Hopefully the result of this study can provide the aircraft manufacturers as a reference when they design the new generation of aircraft in the further.
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莊景碩. "Applications of Disaster Prevention and Emergent Rescue Based on a Taiwan Hazard Data Warehouse." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7kgv8r.
Full text
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NIEH, CHIH-YUAN, and 聶志遠. "Thermal stress hazard prevention and evaluation for postman during outdoor duty in Chunghwa Post." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q6b8qw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系
107
Affected by the greenhouse effect, the ambient temperatures in the summer continuing to rise to new record peaks in Taiwan, exposure to heat stress poses a serious challenge for health to workers who have to remain within high temperature and humidity outdoors environment, especially the island of Taiwan lies the Tropical Pacific climate zone, workers are exposed to the highest risk of heat stress. The feasibility of current standards regulated in Taiwan, there is no clear regulation for outdoor workers proper balance between work and rest. The postman of Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. is one of the representatives who work at outdoors high-temperature environment and workplace is ambulatory, it is difficult to improve through engineering control which is the reason for this purpose of the study. The study collected recent outdoor summer temperature and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) data in Taiwan to compare it with current local standards regulations, through literature review and collect guidelines for outdoor heat stress prevention/management developed in the United States, Japan, Mainland China, and the International Organization for Standardization, to identify the risks of heat stress and the impact on health, this study summarized the deficiency and applicability of current local regulations for application in Taiwan, and provide measures of outdoor workplace heat stress prevention/management for public institutions. The results of various indicators reveal heat stress hazards of outdoors high temperature are increasing year after year. Establish heat stress-warning system and risk classification for heat stress prevention/management in Taiwan, it is a feasible and effective measure to prevent heat stress hazards.
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Chang, Han-Yin, and 張瀚尹. "A Study on the Responsibility of Hazard Prevention in Building Management—Toward the Building Act." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8b7n23.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
法律學系
105
Building security has always been one of the most challenging topics in building management. In recent years, the most serious building security incidents in Taiwan must be the Tainan WEI-GUAN building collapse which has not only caused the heavy casualties and property damage but also highlighted the seriously poor security risk management of the government building authorities to the buildings and constructions that directly lead to this incident. In addition to the force majeure owing to the earthquake, another major cause was the demolition of the beam and column structure in the ground floor of WEI-GUAN. In this regard, we must ask, why the building authorities failed to take effective preventive measures. To study this problem, the first question is whether the building authorities can correctly identify the responsible person when the building is found hazardous or potentially harmful to prevent the conditions from getting worse. As the correct choice of the responsible person is necessary to take appropriate control measures to prevent the harm and to effectively achieve the purpose of harm prevention; in other words, performing harm prevention measures to the wrong objects is illegal and has no way to achieve harm prevention task. Therefore, discussing how the construction authorities can select an appropriate hazard responsible person based on their authority is the aim and scope of this study. After the amendment of the building law On December 22, 1971,the framework of the building law is roughly settled. There were several revisions afterwards; however, on the accountability of harm responsible persons, it is still not as comprehensive as Germany, which has a complete set of Harm prevention liability system and can provide the building authorities with a guideline of choosing hazard prevent person. Therefore, this thesis begins with the introduction of the German Harm prevention liability system. Next, it outlines the hazards prevention tasks of the building management and the building laws to the hazards administrative control measures to serve as the basis (guidelines) for the building management to recognize the Harm prevention responsibility person and identify the type responsibility, and to discuss of building management Harm prevention responsibility person for judgement and the responsibility type to basis,and to assess the judicial practice select of Harm prevention responsibility person. Furthermore, this thesis explores the building management of hazards on the responsibility inherit of preventing the problem. At last, a review of this study and suggestions aiming at this topic are provided.
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Chen, Yun Fu, and 陳彥甫. "The research for the safety of construction staffs and the prevention strategy on construction hazard." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96400497452646106713.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
營建管理研究所
91
ABSTRACT Keywords: Construction Engineering, Construction Security Management Assessment, Construction Security Management Plan, Construction Hazard Management and Inquiring System. The major objectives of this research are to investigate the security of construction staffs and to develop the prevention strategy for construction hazard. In this research, we perform the property analysis and propose the Construction Security Management Assessment for construction projects. We analyze the statistics data to discover the reasons of hazards in this research, We discuss the factors and relationships for construction hazard, and sum up the possible prevention that can be used to decrease construction hazard in Construction Engineering. In this research we have collected 1200 construction dead disaster case. By using the Objective Oriented concept, we have built the Construction Hazard Dead Disaster Cases Database. We used Delphi environment to develop the Construction Hazard Management and Inquiring System. Users can use this system to search and print various messages such as construction hazard factors, related laws, and prevention strategies.
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Ye, Chian-Hui, and 葉千慧. "To Investigation the Electrostatic Discharge Hazard Prevention for Powder Loading and Unloading Operation in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63458240348303109965.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中臺科技大學
安全與防災科技研究所
101
In recent years domestic had dust of the molding powder body ex-denning work to explode the labor peaceful event many times, it decided after the disaster all initiates for the static discharge. Static electricity this kind did not know how produces with has the fire hazard, is prevents with difficulty. In addition the entrepreneur or is not clear regarding the static electricity cognition insufficiency, enables the disaster event to occur unceasingly. Goal of the this research is installs, releases the material work correlation system regulation disaster regarding the field powder body to have the reason to carry on the analysis appraisal, discovers the powder body to install, to release in the material work latent to have reason of the static electricity harm, and carries on the static electricity dissipation to of protective measure the entrepreneur use to appraise its validity. After the experiment confirmed powder of body screw transportation (1) entrepreneur use for the glassware, the powder body ex-denning copper nature ring-like funnel and the powder body yummy treats static electricity drive pipe may reduce in the system regulation to produce the electrostatic charge effectively, (2) environment humidifying equipment is not good regarding this system regulation static electricity dissipation, but its facility can enhance comfort level of the working conditions, (3) powder body catch trough body nitrogen seals the facility to be possible to suppress the powder body dust to explode the event, its control value must be lowest by the powder body needs the oxygen concentration decision.
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Wu, Meng-hsun, and 吳孟訓. "A Decision Support System for Dynamic Programming module on Hazard-prevention and Evacuation in Public Space." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02833527199724543869.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
91
During the past few years, we heard that many Taiwanese people have died in the fire accident. To revise people suffering heavy casualties, they can hardly distinguish the way out or astray to the dangerous district during the fire rising. This kind of abstract concept cannot be used to evaluate the life safety of buildings. In order to overcome the issue of the uncertainty for evacuation safety, many experts and scholars try to apply the period of time to evaluate whenever people can leave building before the fire kill them. During the development of fire protection engineering, it becomes popular to adopt the performance-based codes for evacuation safety. The performance-based approach includes setting up the goals of evacuation safety, functional statements and verifying models. The research tried to establish related mathematical models in building up a decision support system. This study, which emphasizes hazard prevention in architecture related fields, applies dynamic programming in egress simulates in order to analyze the relationship between signage and evacuation behavior. It provides a systematic procedure for determining the optimal combination of decisions.
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Lo, Kuang-Jung, and 羅光榮. "The Investigation of Safety and Health Issues and Hazard Prevention Methodology for LED and LCD Industry." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01171340924924328902.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
產業安全與防災學程碩士班
90
Eighteen Electro-Optic factories, focused on two categories: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Light Emitting Diode (LED), are selected to survey their present situations about the labors’ safety and health issues and the corresponding problems they meet right now in order to identify the potential hazards in advance. Meanwhile, an intensive review is given for all of the codes and standards related to labors’ safety and health in the subject. Then, the analyses are carried out by using the above results to establish a draft of hazard prevent documentation, accordingly. Before engaging in the field survey, a predesigned questionnaire is distributed to each manufacturer to gain the basic data. According to these data and the evaluation from the field survey, the potential level of hazard is identified and the necessary countermeasures to alleviate the possible hazard are suggested. For the potential hazard analysis, this study uses the data obtained from questionnaire and the results from the on-site visit to identify the possible hazards through comparisons with the characteristics of manufacturing process, inherent danger of chemicals, methods of chemical supply, processing equipment and plant layout. Then, the proposals for the hazard prevention for LED and LCD factories are given after incorporating with the relevant safety codes and regulations. Finally, several suggestions for all efforts on hazard prevention for safety and health in Electro-Optic industry are made.
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chuan, Fang pao, and 方保全. "A Study on Hazard Prevention For CUT-AND-COVER Construction In Taipei Mass Transit System Project." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03058695121330546531.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
89
The work site of deep excavation during the construction of Taipei Mass Transit System Project is highly dangerous. Also highly dangerous construction items and hazardous characteristics are accompanied with such work. The current Labor Safety and Hygiene Law and its relevant regulations usually emphasize more on post.construction inspection and correction, instead of the substantial and practical solution for extensive hazard prevention from object falling, collapse, breakdown, sinking, abnormal piping and air pressure. Therefore, it is the major concern to prevent potential hazard from happening and insure construction safety for deep excavation in the stages of plan, design as well as pre.construction by evaluating potential hazard on various aspect including personnel organization, operation step, procedure, construction equipment, method and environment. This research concentrates upon the collection of hazard causality and analysis as well as the hazard.prevention safety evaluation model for cut.and.cover construction in underground deep excavation of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit System Project, which emphasizes on enhancing the deficiency of safety inspection over the years that performed only on hardware equipment but neglected the importance of whole audit during construction. However, the safety evaluation during construction is indeed an analysis technique that needs the total combination and cooperation of construction method, personnel and equipment. Especially it requires establishing the construction safety evaluation between Employer, Consultant and Constructor so it may become efficacy and meaningful.
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Liang, Lin Kung, and 林龔樑. "Study on Arsenic Exposure Hazard Prevention and Worker Health Index In Gallium-Arsenide(GaAs) Epitaxy Process." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33890518156363751970.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
產業安全與防災學程碩士班
91
This research studied the high technology companies with gallium arsenide process. questionnaires of 21 advanced technology companies with effective gallium arsenide manufacture capabilities were collected. The questionnaire investigation revealed that 62% of the advanced technology companies were established within 5 years, and 33% of the advanced technology companies were established within 10 years. Thus, 95% of the 21 advanced technology companies were newly formed. 93% of the gallium arsenide epitaxy production companies using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) machine to produce GaAs based Epitaxial layers. There was only one gallium arsenide epitaxy production company using the machines of molecular beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy. It revealed that most gallium arsenide epitaxy production companies used MOCVD. These companies faced the problem of arsenic wastes treatment. Besides identification and classification of wastes, the most serious problem was these companies can not find the legal or qualified companies to deal with arsenic wastes in domestic area. No company can grind and recycle the wastes of gallium arsenide substrates. Therefore, majority of these companies store gallium arsenide substrates wastes in their factories, others commissioned foreign companies to recycle or solidify wastes. The reason for no recycling mechanism for rare gallium metals was probably due to no existing recycling company for gallium in Taiwan. This study also surveyed the workers exposed to arsenic in one advanced technology company which grows gallium arsenide epitaxyal layers. The study includes environmental monitoring for arsenic, and biological monitoring of arsenic. By using the Chi-Square test, the arsenic exposed workers group and the workers group with no arsenic exposure shows no significant differences no matter the age, working time, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, and kidney disease status. The total arsenic concentrations for samples collected from personal sampling and area sampling in the company were both lower than the permissible exposure limit of time weight average authorized by the Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan. The total arsenic concentrations in air can not be correlated significantly with the trivalent arsenic concentration, pentavalent arsenic concentration, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) concentration, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentration, and total inorganic arsenic metabolites concentration, and the total arsenic concentration in hair, total arsenic concentrations in toenail, in urine. Howere, there was significantly positive correlation between the total arsenic concentrations in air and the total arsenic concentration in fingernail. Thus, the accumulation of low level arsenic exposure can’t be ignored. The maintenance personnel in the exposed arsenic enviroment should wear respirator, protective clothing, and protective glove, because the protective equipment is the last way to prevent exposure to the hazard arsenic enviroment.
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CHENG-CHE, OU, and 歐政哲. "A Stduy on Evaluating Smoking-Hazard-Prevention Policies in the Taiwanese Military Community Using Analytic Hierarchy Process." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30258316428770712171.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
公共事務管理學系
96
Most studies dealing with smoking-related issues in Taiwanese military community have focused their discussion on smoking prevalence survey, driving factors that contribute to smoking behavior, with only limited studies discussing and evaluating program effectiveness of smoking hazard prevention projects and programs. In accordance with “Smoking Hazard Prevention Act”, all government agencies are required to establish guidelines designating smoking and non-smoking areas within worksites, and governing smoking-hazard-related educational and promotional initiatives and programs. As such, the Medical Affairs Bureau under the Ministry of National Defense, in collaboration with Bureau of National Health, Department of Health, is currently campaigning for smoking-hazard-prevention activities. Rationales for choosing the military community to promote smoking hazard prevention activities are based on the fact that military community is known for its reputation for barrack management and discipline in following directives and administrative orders. As such, military community should be the ideal playground for smoking hazard prevention campaigning. These prevention activities will not only benefit service men and women directly but also benefit the society as a whole subsequently, because all service men and women come from society and they are also expected to return to society upon their respective retirement from the military community. Hierarchically-structured planning is of great value when policy makers are faced with the problem of choosing the best possible policy among various alternatives. In considering and assigning relative importance to each measure among all evaluative measures, policy makers may, based upon the relative importance of these evaluative measures, to objectively evaluate and prioritize each course of action available to them and to determine and choose the best course of action accordingly, where the chosen course of action will address and conform to practical consideration. Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) is instrumental in systematically dealing with complex decision-making problems in the field of management science, economics, and sociology. Therefore, this study is targeting the Taiwanese military community, employing the research method of hierarchical analysis in analyzing research data collected from surveys. Research objective of this study is to attempt to prioritize measures, based upon their respective relative weight of importance in assisting the military authority in implementing smoking-hazard-prevention programs and activities. The prioritized relative weight of importance assigned to each measures in the military authority’s smoking-hazard-prevention programs will then be utilized in assisting the military authority in selecting and implementing the best course of action accordingly. This study has found that the evaluation perspective of “Policy and Environment” remains the foremost decision-making factor which influences the smoking hazard prevention programs within the Taiwanese military community. Based on their respective weight of relative importance, the most important critical factors are “Support and Conformity from Unit Leaders”, “Studies on the Motives behind Smoking Behavior”, “Rules and Regulations Governing Smoking Hazard Prevention”, “Establishment and Maintenance of Cigarette-Free Environment”, and “Belief and Protocol of Leading a Healthy Life Style”.
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Tseng, Wen-wang, and 曾文旺. "Hazard Prevention and Management of Telecom. manhole Operation －An Analysis of Investigation Based on One Telecom Co." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87162790789999157528.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
94
Telecommunication manhole belongs to one type of confined spaces. Operations engaged in it are at the hazard of anoxia operation and unknown potential risk. In this study, field investigation and questionnaire are adopted to survey lead persons to explore the actual hazard situations and to find out what can be done or modified for the operations in order to prevent accidents. Furthermore, some improvement suggestions on the managing practical safety of telecom. manhole are proposed. Our research results are abstracted as follows: (1) A few manholes even have an oxygen concentration below 7%. In these instances, hazard accidents are occurred without triggering ventilation in advance. (2) Triggering ventilation at a volume of 30M3 per minute for 5 minutes brings the oxygen concentration in the manhole to the normal condition. (3) The manhole work’s equipmen are still insufficient. (4) The entry of manhole is too narrow for a normal shape worker to wear a cylinder to pass in and out. A good idea is that worker wears a hanging strip safety belt to enter the manhole. In addition, the tripod and air cylinders with air supply hose allocated for first aid. (5) Prevent falling is the most important as the cover is opened. Based on this observation, we have designed a more suitable bar-form protecting cover that meets the manhole work characteristic. (6) The existing manhole operation procedure seems too miscellaneous. Our practical experiences suggest that the procedures are reversed comparatively simple and easy for practical execution, i.e., doing trigger ventilation first and than gas measurement. A video-based 3G mobile phone can be allocated for the worker for real-time auditing the operation remotely. This recipe can reach flexible management and prevent worker from taking his chance to enter manhole without ventilating in advance.
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Jallow, Basiru, and 傑羅. "A Feasibility Study on Implementing Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) in the Architecture Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36m4ta.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
105
Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is a process in which architects and engineers (A/Es) perform risk management (including identifying risks, evaluating risks and suggesting risk control measures) in the design stage to explicitly consider the safety and health of construction workers as they make design decisions on the permanent features of the design target. With early intervention, hazards can be effectively eliminated or controlled leading to safer sites during construction, use, and maintenance of the facility. However, the current structure and culture within the Taiwan construction industry inhibit the implementation of CHPtD. Consequently, the impacts of designs on construction worker safety are often left up to the constructor to address and mitigate after the design is complete which ignores the benefits CHPtD can provide to eliminate hazards from construction job-sites. Based on part of this current practice, the study was initiated to explore how to diffuse and implement CHPtD to the architecture industry in Taiwan. The research presented in this report looks outside of Taiwan to other countries like Australia, and the UK which have developed legislation for the implementing and diffusion of CHPtD in their construction industry since such legislation for CHPtD implementation doesn’t exist in the Taiwan architecture industry. The approach chosen for conducting the research study utilized a combination of targeted, expert interviews along with a structured on-line survey of design professionals within the Taiwan’s architecture industry. The research questions posed in this study explored respondents: knowledge, attitude and practices, and general application of the CHPtD concept. The responses provided by respondents were analyzed to further understand their perceptions of CHPtD and related issues. The majority of the respondents were supportive of the CHPtD concept, but their level of CHPtD knowledge, attitude and practices need to be improved. The recommendations made in this thesis were identified and fashioned based on the results obtained from the expert interview and the on-line survey conducted during the study. Diffusion and implementation of CHPtD into the Taiwan construction industry require attention to three (3) key points: knowledge, motivation, and aptitude. Each point addresses a fundamental need for affecting positive change and enabling anticipated outcomes of CHPtD implementation. The study findings reveal that each of the points needs to be fulfilled in some way to realize CHPtD success.
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Mnguni, Simphiwe Ntokozo Euphoria. "An investigation of the extent of implementation of EIA regulations towards health hazard prevention at Kwamathukuza, Newcastle." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11881.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical (gaseous) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are
perceived as odour and can generate undesirable health reactions. These could affect
the quality of life to those regularly albeit intermittently exposed, although regular
exposure may result in tolerance and loss of recognition of the odour. Consequently,
research is necessary to establish the role of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
in ensuring that facilities such as WWTP do not pose a threat to local communities,
particularly in relation to housing developments for poor communities.
The aim of this study was to investigate if the EIA regulations were effectively
implemented before building of the Residential Development Proiect (RDP) houses at
KwaMathukuza, in Newcastle South Africa. Furthermore, the study intended to
determine the impact the (WWTP) has on the health of people who reside close to the
site and to establish if the families staying close to the WWTP have any common
ailments such as handicapped babies, early deaths within families. Findings would also
indicate if RDP houses should be built in close proximity to such sites.
Data was collected through a survey of 85 residents living within five kilometers and ten
residing beyond five kilometers from the WWTP. The participants were selected
randomly. Municipality employees who worked with the WWTP were also sampled
together with healthcare givers. Data included information about health of the
community, their perception of the gases released from the WWTP as well as EIA
meetings and processes related to the construction of the RDP houses.
The outcome of this study revealed that EIA regulations were not adequately
implemented and that this residential site was unsuitable for the construction of RDP
houses. It emerged that the residence regularly experience unpleasant odours released
from the WWTP. These could be associated with ill-health of the residents as well as
v
degradation the environment in general. The study also found that the effect of the
WWTP affects even those communities who reside beyond five kilometers from the
WWTP. The researcher argues for more stringent mechanisms to ensure that EIA
regulations are properly implemented to prevent adverse effects on the communities.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
50
Hou, Shou-Hsin, and 侯壽興. "The study of Hazard Prevention Method in the Railway Maintenance Working Labors - A case Study of Taiwan Railwa." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06788557466244493949.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災組
95
The first task of Taiwan Railway Administration is to transport goods and passengers to the destination in a safe, accurate and fast way. For the public safety, the railway should be maintained in good condition for all time. However, the tracks have become deformed through heavy use and a lot of them have been destroyed by natural disasters. Consequently, TRA has to maintain and assure the railway’s safety. After all, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The maintenance job requires many people to work hard day and night. Their working environment, however, is substantially unsafe. Potential dangers include rough roads, traffic inconvenience, 25KV electrical lines, trains flying by, poor sight at night, rescue in storms, bridge constructions, tunnel work, etc. There were five people killed in an accident in the early morning on March 10 in 2006. This research focuses on the railway maintenance engineering management and lists appropriate ways as to when and where to apply those Labor Health and Safety Regulations. To improve the railway maintenance engineering management, starting from the construction planning, construction preparation to the site construction, this report, presented in form of table, will explain the following items: Methods, Men Power, Machines, Material and Working Environment. By using the 4M1E, this research categorizes and analyzes the railway maintenance engineering requirements and the safety regulations. This in turn will improve working efficiency, lead to effective management, and will effectively establish safety in working environment.