Journal articles: 'Hazard prevention'

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Coles, Peter. "Hazard prevention." Nature 338, no. 6211 (March 1989): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338105d0.

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Caloiero, Tommaso. "Hydrological Hazard: Analysis and Prevention." Geosciences 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110389.

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As a result of the considerable impacts of hydrological hazard on water resources, on natural environments and human activities, as well as on human health and safety, climate variability and climate change have become key issues for the research community. In fact, a warmer climate, with its heightened climate variability, will increase the risk of hydrological extreme phenomena, such as droughts and floods. The Special Issue “Hydrological Hazard: Analysis and Prevention” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, innovative modelling methods for flood hazards, regional flood and drought analysis, and the use of satellite and climate data for drought analysis were the main topics and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.

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Li, Qian, Zhe Zhang, and Fei Peng. "Causality-Network-Based Critical Hazard Identification for Railway Accident Prevention: Complex Network-Based Model Development and Comparison." Entropy 23, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070864.

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This study investigates a critical hazard identification method for railway accident prevention. A new accident causation network is proposed to model the interaction between hazards and accidents. To realize consistency between the most likely and shortest causation paths in terms of hazards to accidents, a method for measuring the length between adjacent nodes is proposed, and the most-likely causation path problem is first transformed to the shortest causation path problem. To identify critical hazard factors that should be alleviated for accident prevention, a novel critical hazard identification model is proposed based on a controllability analysis of hazards. Five critical hazard identification methods are proposed to select critical hazard nodes in an accident causality network. A comparison of results shows that the combination of an integer programming-based critical hazard identification method and the proposed weighted direction accident causality network considering length has the best performance in terms of accident prevention.

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Oei, Tian P. S., and Annette Fea. "Smoking Prevention Program for Children: A Review." Journal of Drug Education 17, no. 1 (March 1987): 11–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/v5q3-g0tk-xmwx-g0q0.

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Since smoking is recognized as one of the most significant health hazards, researchers have directed a lot of energy in combating this health hazard, in particular in the prevention of children taking up smoking. Health education has been advocated as the most effective preventive approach to this problem, however, the findings from this approach are equivocal. This article 1) reviews the literature regarding factors associated with children's initiation into smoking, and 2) examines the efficacy of health education programs in preventing smoking in children. It is concluded that while health education programs using peer leaders as health educators have been reasonably successful at reducing smoking rate and onset, parent-implemented health prevention programs aiming at children at younger age, may be more effective in reducing the rate and onset of smoking in children.

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Tabor, Joanna. "Occupational Hazard Prevention in Manufacturing Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 718 (December 2014): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.227.

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Occupational hazard prevention constitutes a key action in the area of shaping safe and healthy work conditions in manufacturing systems. This article presents the results of verification of existence and nature of relationships between the types of preventive means used and the structure of individual companies from the industrial processing sector. As part of our research work, we identified the level of use of technical means, organisational means and personal protection means in the particular divisions of the industrial processing sector, we determined the structure of individual companies from the particular divisions, and then, using the Tau Kendall correlation coefficient, we also confirmed the existence of relationships between the level of use of technical means and the structure of the analysed individual manufacturing system companies.

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Wang, Wen Hua, and Wen Ding Zhao. "The Survey and Prevention of Bridges and Culverts Flood Hazard in the Eastern Mountainous Areas of Jilin Province." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1042.

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The catastrophic floods in Jilin province on July 28th 2010 led to the serious multiple bridges and culverts flood hazards in the roads in eastern mountainous area, and brought about the inestimable economic losses. In order to effectively strengthen prevention and set up the reasonable measures of management bridges and culverts flood hazard, on the basis of the survey of bridges and culverts flood hazard along the road, we analysed the reason of it. After that we put forward the measures of the prevention and cure, which including the measures of the design, construction, management, maintenance etc. Based on the above survey of the bridges and culverts flood hazard, we found that its prevention and cure should find the main reason of causing bridges and culverts flood hazard, make the prevention coming first, pay various attention to bridges and culverts flood hazard, its occurrence can get effective control.

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Bowrey, D., R. Thomas, R. Evans, and P. Richmond. "Road humps: accident prevention or hazard?" Emergency Medicine Journal 13, no. 4 (July 1, 1996): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.13.4.288.

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Dragu, Tiberiu. "The Moral Hazard of Terrorism Prevention." Journal of Politics 79, no. 1 (January 2017): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/687589.

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邹, 芳芳. "Hazard and Prevention of Phosphorus Pollution." Journal of Comparative Chemistry 04, no. 04 (2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/cc.2020.44005.

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Alfianzi, Dodiek, Ikhwan Syahtaria, Udisubakti Cipto Mulyono, and I. Made Jiwa Astika. "ANALYSIS OF SAFETY SYSTEM RELIABILITY KI HADJAR DEWANTARA MAKO KODICLATAL BUILDING TOWARDS FIRE HAZARDS PREVENTION." JOURNAL ASRO 12, no. 02 (April 19, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v12i02.397.

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Designing a fire prevention inspection system in buildings is very necessary, to determine the level of reliability. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The assessment of the system design is carried out by means of a questionnaire for respondents who understand / are experts in fire problems, and the application of the system design uses direct surveys and questionnaires to the building manager. The assessment is carried out at the smallest level. Analysis of the building reliability inspection system in fire prevention using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the criteria used are: prevention, limitation and extinguishing against fire. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The results of the reliability inspection of the Ki Hadjar Dewantara Mako Kodiklatal building in Surabaya with a value of 94.06% indicated that the reliability system was in the "Less Reliable" category for fire hazard prevention. Keywords: Inspection, fire prevention, reliability.

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Lee, Kangoh. "Moral Hazard, Insurance and Public Loss Prevention." Journal of Risk and Insurance 59, no. 2 (June 1992): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253193.

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Prof. Ms. Manjeet G, Prof Ms Manjeet G. "Annunciator for Hazard Prevention & Temperature Control." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 5, no. 6 (2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-0564548.

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Shao, Yang Wei, Shih Feng Kao, Neng Chun Yu, Yu Shiang Wu, Chi Jan Huang, and Kuan Yung Chang. "Fire Hazard Factors of Residential-Commercial Composite Buildings through Fire Hazard Cases." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1753.

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Although meeting the regulations of the time, early buildings are prone to fire hazards, such as damages to the fire zones, changes of floor entrances and exits, locked emergency exit doors, blocking of entrances and exits by vehicles, increased fire sources, dense population in the buildings, due to insufficient professional knowledge and technology in fire prevention. Once a fire occurs, it can result in major casualties, serious loss of social costs, as well as environmental and social issues. This study investigated 17 major fire cases occurring in residential-commercial composite buildings in the last 20 years in Taiwan. The fire hazard factors were determined based on expert review. The findings can serve as a reference for fire agencies in promoting fire prevention.

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Liu, Dunlong, Lei He, Qian Wu, Yan Gao, Bin Liu, Shuang Liu, and Han Luo. "Construction and application of the 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0293.

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Abstract As geo-hazard monitoring data increases in category and size, conventional geo-hazard information management systems, without a unified integration framework and visualized data display, are unable to satisfy the urgent needs of geo-hazard information management. Representational State Transfer (REST), a resource-centered service architecture, abstracts data and services into resources for unified Uniform Resource Identifier access, enabling it to take full advantage of HTTP with great flexibility and scalability. Based on the REST service architecture, this paper constructs a 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform with sound service compatibility and scalability by integrating geographical information, real-time monitoring data, and early warning models into the 3D Digital Earth framework. The platform displays topography, stratum lithology, and relevant information, as well as real-time monitoring data in a 3D visual, and provides early warning services for geo-hazards through access to real-time early warning models. As a result, it is capable of providing comprehensive information management, monitoring, and early warning of multiple geo-hazards, aiding decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhancing the information level of geo-hazard prevention and mitigation work.

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Kim, Byounggap, Seongyoon Lim, Seung-Yeoub Shin, Sunghyun Yum, Yu-Yong Kim, Namkyu Yun, and Seokcheol Yu. "Risk Assessment of Tractor-Related Hazards Based on Accident Cases." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 25, no. 3 (2019): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.13076.

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Abstract. Annually, tractor accidents are estimated to account for more than 100 deaths in South Korea. Periodic accident surveys have served as an essential means for the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS) to develop strategies to prevent tractor accidents. In this study, hazards leading to accidents were identified, and their risks were assessed based on survey results to establish a more effective accident prevention strategy. Risk assessment for hazards proceeded as follows: hazard identification, frequency estimation, number of equivalent fatalities (NEF) estimation, and finally risk evaluation. Hazards were identified by analyzing 588 accident cases from NAS surveys and performing an expert review of the analysis results by implementing a Delphi survey. The frequency and NEF of each hazard were estimated by multiplying its probabilities and the statistical results of the NAS surveys. Each hazard was plotted in a frequency-NEF (FN) diagram and evaluated according to its position. Fifty-four hazards were identified, and their frequencies and NEF values were estimated. The risk evaluation results, based on the FN diagram, revealed that no hazard was located in the “unacceptable” area, and two hazards (carelessness and not looking ahead carefully) were in the “as low as reasonably practicable” area. Thus, it is critical to mitigate the effects of these two hazards. With the risk assessment method used in this study, personnel who are engaged in the prevention of tractor accidents, such as policymakers, extension specialists, and researchers, can quantitatively predict how many cases or fatalities can be reduced by eliminating a certain hazard. Keywords: Equivalent fatality, Frequency estimation, Hazard identification, Risk assessment, Tractor accident.

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Sheng, Jian, Yu Meng Wang, Han Lv, and Qing Fu Yang. "Velocity Calculation of Lahar in Changbai Mountain Region." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.829.

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Lahar as one of most serious volcanic hazards, threats peoples lives and property securities of volcanic region. Velocity is the most important parameter for lahar hazard assessment and prevention. The calculation result of lahar velocity can provide reference materials for making hazard prevention plan, and make the hazard relief measure of lahar transition from passive to active. Selected the area near the Tianchi as the research region, and divided the research region into forming region, circulation region and accumulation region. In order to establish the calculation model, divided the circulation region and accumulation region into many meshes, which were small enough to meet the calculation accuracy. The calculation time step length was also identified very small as 0.001 min. Calculated the average and peak velocity of lahar, triggered by the assuming medium and small eruption of Tianchi volcano. The longitudinal variation of lahar frontal average and peak velocity was acquired by the numerical simulation result. Although there is some different between the assumption of this research and the actual condition, flow velocity and accumulation situation of lahar are calculated in quantity and extension by numerical simulation, these result has reference value for preventing and reducing lahar disaster.

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Liu, Zhaoqiu, and Fei Zhang. "A BIM-Based Preliminary Database Framework for Structural Hazard Prevention Analysis." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010695.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a methodology for managing the essential data and information in digital format throughout a building life cycle. During the building operation process, engineers can establish a detailed information database of structural components for structural hazard prevention analysis based on the BIM model. In this paper, the definitions and rules of geometrical and non-geometrical information of structural components are studied, which play an important part in preventing a building from damage under the effect of some potential disasters. Based on the analysis of information integration mode of BIM, a preliminary database framework of main components is proposed for structural hazard prevention analysis. The framework provides an integrated workflow and method for extracting information of structural components from BIM model. As combining with existing intelligent building management system or Internet platform, the framework contributes to developing an application platform for obtaining the key data and information of main components during the structural hazard prevention analysis.

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Syed Shazali, Syed Tarmizi, Anand Selvam, and Zamri Bujang. "Study on Hazard Perception of Malaysian Drivers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.644.

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Road accident is one of the top ten causes of deaths around the world. Malaysia is not an exception as in the year 2007 there were 6282 road traffic fatalities and 21363 non-fatal road traffic injuries. Research on hazard perception skill of drivers in recent years shows that the driving skill is a mian factor of accident causation and accident prevention. A video-based hazard perception test and questionnaires were used to study the effect of experience, type of hazards, and type of driving settings to the hazard perception skill of Malaysian drivers. The findings of the study shows that in general experienced drivers have better hazard perception than novice drivers, and experience in road accident contributes toward the development of hazard perception more significantly among novice drivers. The study also shows that both driver groups have slowest perception on hazards caused by vulnerable road users. Drivers also perceive hazards faster in rural areas compared to residential and city areas.

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Cheng, Ching-Hwa. "Design Example of Useful Memory Latency for Developing a Hazard Preventive Pipeline High-Performance Embedded-Microprocessor." VLSI Design 2013 (July 22, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/425105.

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The existence of structural, control, and data hazards presents a major challenge in designing an advanced pipeline/superscalar microprocessor. An efficient memory hierarchy cache-RAM-Disk design greatly enhances the microprocessor's performance. However, there are complex relationships among the memory hierarchy and the functional units in the microprocessor. Most past architectural design simulations focus on the instruction hazard detection/prevention scheme from the viewpoint of function units. This paper emphasizes that additional inboard memory can be well utilized to handle the hazardous conditions. When the instruction meets hazardous issues, the memory latency can be utilized to prevent performance degradation due to the hazard prevention mechanism. By using the proposed technique, a better architectural design can be rapidly validated by an FPGA at the start of the design stage. In this paper, the simulation results prove that our proposed methodology has a better performance and less power consumption compared to the conventional hazard prevention technique.

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Turconi, L., D. Tropeano, G. Savio, S. K. De, and P. J. Mason. "Landscape analysis for multi-hazard prevention in Orco and Soana valleys, Northwest Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 8, 2015): 1963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1963-2015.

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Abstract. The study area (600 km2), consisting of Orco and Soana valleys in the Western Italian Alps, experienced different types of natural hazards, typical of the whole Alpine environment. Some of the authors have been requested to draw a civil protection plan for such mountainous regions. This offered the special opportunity (1) to draw a lot of unpublished historical data, dating back several centuries mostly concerning natural hazard processes and related damages, (2) to develop original detailed geo-morphological studies in a region still poorly known, (3) to prepare detailed thematic maps illustrating landscape components related to natural conditions and hazards, (4) to thoroughly check present-day situations in the area compared to the effects of past events and (5) to find adequate natural hazard scenarios for all sites exposed to risk. The method of work has been essentially to compare archival findings with field evidence in order to assess natural hazard processes, their occurrence and magnitude, and to arrange all such elements in a database for GIS-supported thematic maps. Several types of natural hazards, such as landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, stream floods and snow avalanches cause huge damage to lives and properties (housings, roads, tourist sites). We aim to obtain newly acquired knowledge in this large, still poorly understood area as well as develop easy-to-interpret products such as natural risk maps.

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Stobnicka, Agata. "Harmful biological agents in the working environment of dairy plant workers." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 559, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7568.

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Occupational hazards for dairy plant workers include contact with bioaerosols emitted during the production process, contact with raw milk, or with animals in the case of small home-based milk processing plants. Dairy plant workers can be exposed to biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are responsible for various diseases and adverse health outcomes. Therefore, reliable risk assessment and appropriate preventive measures are key to occupational hazard prevention among this group of workers.

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黄, 剑飞. "Hazard Anticipation Principle of Road Traffic Accident Prevention." Open Journal of Transportation Technologies 03, no. 06 (2014): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojtt.2014.36024.

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S. Shenoi, C. S. Chang, H. H. Converse, and L. T. Fan. "An Expert System for Grain Elevator Hazard Prevention." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 7, no. 6 (1991): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26289.

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Bardey, David, and Philippe De Donder. "Genetic testing with primary prevention and moral hazard." Journal of Health Economics 32, no. 5 (September 2013): 768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.04.008.

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Hao, Wen Xin, Feng Ding, Li Jie Wang, and En Man Wang. "Zoning and Prevention Measures for Geo-Hazard of Youyu County, Shanxi Province." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.395.

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This paper studies the influence factor and the mechanism of geo-hazard with quantitative methods. Youyu County can be divided into1 low susceptible zone,6 middle susceptible areas, and 2 high susceptible zones, whose percentage respectively is 11.11%,66.67%,22.22%.Finally the authors put forward countermeasures to geo-hazards in Youyu County.

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DUNG, Nguyen, Dang MINH, Bui AN, and Nguyen NGA. "ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS AND APPLICATION OF MOBILE SMART PHONE IN PROVIDING FLOOD HAZARD INFORMATION IN LAM RIVER BASIN (VIETNAM)." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-254-264.

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Floods are considered to be one of the most costly natural hazards in the Lam river basin causing infrastructure damages as well as devastating the affected area and relatively high death toll. So prevention is necessary for shielding lives and properties. The flood management on the Lam River basin has been considering for many years to minimize damages caused by flooding. The flood hazard zoning map is one of the indispensable tools to provide information about hazard and risk levels in a particular area and to perform the necessary preventive and preparedness procedures. The multicriteria decision analysis based on geographic information systems is used to build a flood hazard map of the study area. The analytic hierarchy process is applied to extract the weights of six criteria affecting the areas where are prone to flooding hazards, including rainfall, slope, relative slope length, soil, land cover, and drainage density. The results showed in 91.32 % (20103.83 km2) of the basin located in the moderate hazard zones to very high hazard zones. Accordingly, this study also determined 4 vulnerability levels to agricultural land including low, medium, high, and very high. About 94% of the total area of agricultural land in the basin are classified into moderate to the very high hazard of flood vulnerability. The paper presents a method that allows flood risk areas in the Lam River basin to receive information about flood risks on a smartphone, making them more aware.

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Borowski, Marek, and Zbigniew Kuczera. "Comparison of Methane Control Methods in Polish and Vietnamese Coal Mines." E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183501004.

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Methane hazard often occurs in hard coal mines and causes very serious accidents and can be the reason of methane or methane and coal dust explosions. History of coal mining shows that methane released from the rock mass to the longwall area was responsible for numerous mining disasters. The main source of methane are coal deposits because it is autochthonous gas and is closely related with carbonification and forming of coal deposits. Degree of methane saturation in coal deposits depends on numerous factors; mainly on presence or lack of insulating layers in cover deposit that allow or do not on degasification and easily methane outflow into surroundings. Hence in coal mining there are coal deposits that contain only low degree of methane saturation in places where is lack of insulating layers till high in methane coal deposits occurring in insulating claystones or in shales. Conducting mining works in coal deposits of high methane hazard without using of special measures to combat (ventilation, methane drainage) could be impossible. Control of methane hazard depends also on other co-occuring natural dangers for which used preventive actions eliminate methane hazard. Safety in mines excavating coal deposits saturated with methane depends on the correct estimation of methane hazard, drawn up forecasts, conducted observations, hazard control as well as undertaken prevention measures. Methane risk prevention includes identification and control methods of methane hazards as well as means of combating the explosive accumulation of methane in longwall workings. The main preventive actions in underground coal mines are: effective ventilation that prevents forming of methane fuses or placed methane accumulation in headings ventilated by airflow created by main fans and in headings with auxiliary ventilation, methane drainage using drain holes that are drilled from underground headings or from the surface, methanometry control of methane concentration in the air; location of the sensors is defined by law, additional ventilation equipment used in places of lower intensity of ventilation and places where methane is concentrated.

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Shoham, Efrat, Lior Gideon, David L. Weisburd, and Yossi Vilner. "When “More” of a Program is Not Necessarily Better: Drug Prevention in the Sharon Prison." Israel Law Review 39, no. 1 (2006): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700012930.

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This study examines outcomes from the first prison-based therapeutic community, for drug addicted offenders, implemented at the Sharon prison during 1994–1997. The article describes the program that took place and the process of treatment experienced by those who participated in the program. Using a Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Model (CPHRM) to calculate Hazard of Recidivism, a sample of 421 offenders who participated in the program was analyzed to evaluate program outcomes, while indicating factors that increase/decrease hazard of recidivism. Our findings from the CPHRM revealed that length of time in the program is one of the strongest predictors of hazard of recidivism. However, different from other studies which argue that “the more the better,” findings from this study question such an assumption. Additionally, findings from the above multivariate analysis suggest that criminal history (i.e. age on set, and number of prior arrests), significantly increase hazards of recidivism. Results of the study are discussed in regard to the increase in prison population, expected benefits of treating incarcerated offenders, and the legal aspects of prisoners' rights.

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Zhang, Yong Jiang, Jian Jun Cao, Xian Zheng Meng, and Ben Qing Yuan. "The New Methods of Identify Deep Mine Coal or Rock Dynamic Disasters." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.936.

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Mine into the deep mining, the power disaster occurs mechanism more complex features fuzzy disasters and hazards common. Outburst and rock burst and other disasters are common differences, the use of traditional coal seam outburst hazard identification method has limitations. According to the kilometers deep test area, the individual indicators law 13-1 coal seam the outburst hazard identification,13-1 coal seam first mining area were identified as non-prominent seam. While outburst identification test area seam burst tendency identification,13-1 coal seam has a strong burst tendentious. The test mine disaster prevention should also consider bumping prevention and control not only consider the gas control. Project research results have important reference conditions similar to mine.

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Chen, Fang, Huicong Jia, Enyu Du, Lei Wang, Ning Wang, and Aqiang Yang. "Spatiotemporal Variations and Risk Analysis of Chinese Typhoon Disasters." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042278.

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Typhoons are a product of air-sea interaction, which are often accompanied by high winds, heavy rains, and storm surges. It is significant to master the characteristics and pattern of typhoon activity for typhoon warning and disaster prevention and mitigation. We used the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) index as the hazard index; the probability of exceeding, or reaching, return period or exceeding a certain threshold was used to describe the probability of hazard occurrence. The results show that the overall spatial distribution of typhoon hazards conforms to a northeast-southwest zonal distribution, decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest. Across the six typical provinces of China assessed here, data show that Hainan possesses the highest hazard risk. Hazard index is relatively high, mainly distributed between 0.005 and 0.015, while the probability of exceeding a hazard index greater than 0.015 is 0.15. In light of the four risk levels assessed here, the hazard index that accounts for the largest component of the study area is mainly distributed up to 0.0010, all mild hazard levels. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu as well as six other provinces and autonomous regions are all areas with high hazard risks. The research results can provide important scientific evidence for the sustainable development of China’s coastal provinces and cities. The outcomes of this study may also provide the scientific basis for the future prevention and mitigation of marine disasters as well as the rationalization of related insurance.

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Fookes, P. G. "Land evaluation and site assessment (hazard and risk)." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.33.

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AbstractMost natural hazards can be dealt with be measures involving avoidance or prevention, the causes of such hazards being relatively well understood so that identification and prediction (admittedly not in absolute terms) can be made. Nonetheless in many parts of the world, the response to natural hazards by means of risk evaluation and consequent land use planning is lacking. Many methods are available to evaluate the risk which potential hazards present. The results can be used to produce hazard-risk maps. It could be another generation or two before there is enough user generated feedback to help establish a model for mapmakers to follow.

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Baltic, Milan, Natasa Kilibarda, Vlado Teodorovic, Mirjana Dimitrijevic, Nedjeljko Karabasil, and Marija Dokmanovic. "Potential biological hazard of importance for HACCP plans in fresh fish processing." Veterinarski glasnik 63, no. 3-4 (2009): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0904201b.

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The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is scientifically based and focused on problem prevention in order to assure the produced food products are safe to consume. Prerequisite programs such as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), GHP (Good Hygienic Practices) are an essential foundation for the development and implementation of successful HACCP plans. One of the preliminary tasks in the development of HACCP plan is to conduct a hazard analysis. The process of conducting a hazard analysis involves two stages. The first is hazard identification and the second stage is the HACCP team decision which potential hazards must be addressed in the HACCP plan. By definition, the HACCP concept covers all types of potential food safety hazards: biological, chemical and physical, whether they are naturally occurring in the food, contributed by the environment or generated by a mistake in the manufacturing process. In raw fish processing, potential significant biological hazards which are reasonably likely to cause illness of humans are parasites (Trematodae, Nematodae, Cestodae), bacteria (Salmonella, E. coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Staphyloccocus aureus), viruses (Norwalk virus, Entero virusesi, Hepatitis A, Rotovirus) and bio-toxins. Upon completion of hazard analysis, any measure(s) that are used to control the hazard(s) should be described.

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Han, Seounguk, Hyungjun Park, and Juchul Jung. "Enhancing Natural Hazard Prevention Function in Urban Regeneration Project." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 18, no. 4 (June 30, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2018.18.4.65.

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Jiang, Xiao-Guo, and Hui Yang. "Prevention mechanism of moral hazard from vendors in outsourcing." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 21, no. 5 (July 4, 2018): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2018.1498005.

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Greene, David, Pat Sample, and Christine Fruhauf. "Fall-Prevention Pilot: Hazard Survey and Responses to Recommendations." Occupational Therapy In Health Care 23, no. 1 (January 2009): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07380570802455532.

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Wei, Min-Chi, Yu-Chi Cheng, Yong-Ye Lin, Wen-Kai Kuo, and Chi-Min Shu. "Applications of dust explosion hazard and disaster prevention technology." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 68 (November 2020): 104304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104304.

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Persada, Yudha Bagus. "RISK ASSESSMENT K3 PADA PROSES PENGOPERASIAN SCAFFOLDING PADA PROYEK APARTEMEN PT. X DI SURABAYA." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v4i2.2015.199-210.

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ABSTRACTProblems that arised when employees works at height are worker did not wear full body harness, lanyard did not hanged perfectly to handrail, did not works according to the procedure, and using unsafe scaffolding. Hazard identification and risk assessment used as prevention for accident when operating scaffolding. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design and analyzed descriptively. The design used for the study carried out by observing cause and effect within a period of time and space. Objects of this study were frame scaffolding and scaffolding PCH, while subjects of this study were SHE Officer, SHE supervisor, workers section structure, finishing, plumbing hydrant, and mechanical engineering. Results of hazard identification using JSA method founds 43 potential hazards originating from 4 different types of work in this project. The results of the risk assessment of 43 potential hazards have been found that 1 hazard have low risk, 40 hazards have moderate risk , and high risk hazard are 2. The dominant risk from the operation of the scaffolding was 40 potential hazards or 93% of the total potential hazards and high-risk hazard eventhough only 5% of all potential hazards remains a top priority and should be controlled soon to reduce the high and medium risk becomes low risk. The likelihood-based control is more possible to reduce risk level than severity-based control.Keywords: risk assessment, scaffolding operation

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Ge, Yong Gang, Feng Huan Su, Xiao Qing Chen, and Jian Qiang Zhang. "Destructions on the Karakoram Highway (KKH) from Sost to Khunjerab Induced by Geo-Hazards and Prevention." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1234.

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The Karakoram Highway (KKH), from Islamabad of Pakistan to Kasha of China, passed through the junction areas of the mountains of Karakoram, Himalaya and Hindu Kush and suffers serious destruction of different geo-hazards. This work analyzed distribution and characteristics of geo-hazards, including debris avalanches, rock falls, debris flows, landslides and flash flood along Khunjerab River from Sost to Khungerab and their destructions on KKH(K726~K821). These geo-hazards are commonly initiated by intensive rainfall and melting of glacier and snow, and numerously occurred, especially debris avalanches, rock falls and debris flows, to seriously destruct highway and frequently interrupt traffic. The destructions of highway mainly came from the burying of landslides, debris flows and debris avalanches, the scouring of debris flow and flash flood, the submerging of dammed lakes induced by debris flows and landslides as well as the breaking of rock falls. After analyzing the lessons and experience of geo-hazards mitigating and highway protecting since 1970s, the measures of hazards mitigating, including identifying potential hazard sites,controlling and disposing rock falls in time,integrated controlling debris avalanches, debris flows, landslides and flash flood, establishing emergency treatment plans for hazard chain and founding hazards alarming and highway safe protecting system, are strongly suggested for highway protecting and traffic security.

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Chen, Jie, Jingkuan Gao, Yuanyuan Pu, Mingzhong Gao, Like Wei, Chong Wang, Bo Peng, Xusheng Zhao, Guangchao Zhang, and Zhigang Zhang. "The Rock Burst Hazard Evaluation Using Statistical Learning Approaches." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5576480.

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The great threat and destructiveness brought by a rock burst make its prediction and prevention crucial in engineering. The rock burst hazard evaluation at project locations is an effective way of preventing rock burst since currently real-time prediction is not available. Since different control factors and discrimination conditions of rock burst were accepted by conventional risk determination methods, the rock burst risk determination in the same area may produce conflicting results. In this study, Naive Bayes statistical learning models based on different model prior distributions representing highly complicated nonlinear relationship between rock burst hazard and impact factors were built to evaluate the rock burst hazards. The results suggested that the Bayes statistical learning model based on a Gaussian prior has the strongest performance over four preset prior distributions. Combining the rock mechanics parameters measured in the laboratory and the stress data collected on the project sites, the proposed model was successfully employed to evaluate the kimberlite rock burst risk of a diamond mine in Canada. The Bayes statistical learning model exhibits its robustness and generalization in rock burst hazard evaluation, which can be generalized for similar engineering cases with enough supported data.

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Keim, M. "(A31) Integrating Health Volunteers into Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s9—s10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000446.

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BackgroundDisaster risk reduction (DRR) has emerged as a core element of sustainable development. (UN/ISDR 2002). Reducing risk requires long-term engagement (O'Brien 2006), and the actual work of DRR is largely a task for local communities. (Schipper 2006). DRR shares some tenets with preventive medicine (Sidel 1992). As in preventive medicine, risk reduction calls for a basic attitude shift in the minds of many who traditionally get sick first and seek treatment later. The challenge for DRR, as applied to health, is to broaden the focus of disaster management from that of tertiary prevention, (response and recovery) to also emphasize primary and secondary prevention, (prevention, preparedness and mitigation).DiscussionThe role of the health sector spans across the spectrum of DRR to include prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities. DRR, as applied to health, is intended to prevent and/or reduce the negative health consequences of disaster hazards. This is accomplished by two means: hazard avoidance and vulnerability reduction. Health and medical volunteers at the community level can play an important role in reducing human vulnerability to disasters by: (1) reducing susceptibility – “healthy people” (2) reducing exposure to disaster hazards – “healthy homes; (Srinivasan et al. 2003); and (3) increasing resilience – “healthy communities”. Volunteers help to reduce exposures to disaster hazards through participation in population protection measures such as shelter-in-place, evacuation and mass care. They work to reduce susceptibility by participating in health care, health promotion, and immunization programs. Finally, volunteers may build resilience by way of their participation in community-level preparedness, response and recovery efforts. (Keim 2008)

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Hu, Q., Y. Zhou, S. X. Wang, F. T. Wang, and H. J. Wang. "FRACTAL-BASED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND MEASUREMENT OF SPATIAL ASSOCIATION WITH HAZARD-RELATED PREDISPOSING FACTORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-125-2020.

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Abstract. Fractal model as an effective solution to complex nonlinear problems or phenomena has been widely used to describe such complicated phenomenon as geological hazards. Quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards and measuring its fractal relation on a national scale are significant for the geological hazards prevention or mitigation. In this contribution, firstly, three typical geological hazards, such as landslides, collapses and mudslides, were taken as research objects for fractal analysis, and a detailed hazard inventory including 109,008 landslides, 55,178 collapses, and 28,914 mudslides cases were compiled as data samples. Next, the fractal dimensions describing the spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazard densities were calculated by the invariant fractal model, and then the internal classification of five common predisposing factors (elevation, slope, aspect, NDVI, and precipitation) was applied, and the relative density of geological hazard was calculated by the ratio of "hazard ratio" and "grid ratio" on the basis of 1 km × 1 km grid cells. Finally, the variable fractal model was introduced for measuring the spatial association among three typical geological hazards and five common predisposing factors, and the obtained fractal dimensions were regarded as the quantitative measure of the effect of predisposing factors on geological hazards. The results shows that the fractal dimensions of spatial distribution of landslide, collapse and mudslide densities are 1.3042, 1.5185 and 1.5897, respectively. Moreover, the relative densities of geological hazards also follows the fractal features with hazard-related predisposing factors, the elevation factor has the greatest impact on the landslide, collapse, and mudslide hazard, while other predisposing factors have different effects on different types of geological hazards.

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Szurgacz, Dawid, Leszek Sobik, Jarosław Brodny, and Maxim Grigashkin. "Preliminary results of tests on nitrogen cushion for combating fire hazard in longwalls rich in methane." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401066.

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Ventilation hazard is the most dangerous phenomena occurring in the hard coal extraction process. This particularly applies to endogenous fire hazard. In order to reduce it, it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hence this paper presents new solutions that substantially improve fire prevention effectiveness. The main idea is to develop and create an additional nitrogen cushion in the zone behind the powered roof support operating in a longwall face. The solution is based on installations for inerting of goafs and sections of the powered roof support. The nitrogen cushion restricts the access of air and oxygen to the area of goafs and limits the possibility of fire. Practical application of the developed solution allowed for effective reduction of fire hazard in conditions of a very high tendency of coal to self-ignite at short incubation period. This, in turn, enables safe exploitation and decommissioning of the longwall. Undoubtedly, the solution presented and the results obtained constitute a new approach to preventive actions in mines. It is the result of the work of theoretical and practical researchers. The solution is a combination of the potential of these two environments. The developed solution should find wide range of applications in the areas where endogenous fire and methane hazards occur.

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Keim, M. "(A158) Preventing Disasters: Public Health Vulnerability Reduction as a Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001567.

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BackgroundGlobal warming is predicted to increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. (IPCC 2007) But we can lessen the effects of these disasters. “Critically important will be factors that directly shape the health of populations such as education, health care, public health prevention and infrastructure.” (IPCC 2007) A comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) has been proposed for climate change adaptation. (Thomalla 2006) DRR is cost-effective. One dollar invested in DRR can save $2-10 in disaster response and recovery costs. (Mechler 2005) Disasters occur as a result of the combination of population exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.DiscussionBy reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen—and at times even prevent—their impact. Vulnerability may be lessened by: 1) reducing human exposures to the hazard by a reduction of human vulnerability, 2) lessening human susceptibility to the hazard, and 3) building resilience to the impact of the hazard. (Keim 2008) Public health disasters are prevented when populations are protected from exposure to the hazard. Public awareness and education can be used to promote a “culture of prevention” and to encourage local prevention activities. Public health disasters may also be mitigated through both structural and social measures undertaken to limit a health hazard's adverse impact. (IPCC 2007) Community-level public health can play an important part in lessening human vulnerability to climate-related disasters through promotion of “healthy people, healthy homes and healthy, disaster resilience communities.” (Srinivasan 2003)

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Jiang, Ling, Tingsheng Zhao, Wei Zhang, and Junjie Hu. "System Hazard Analysis of Tower Crane in Different Phases on Construction Site." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7026789.

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Tower crane accidents frequently occur in the construction industry, often resulting in casualties. The utilization of tower cranes involves multiple phases including installation, usage, climbing, and dismantling. Moreover, the hazards associated with the use of tower cranes can change and be propagated during phase alternation. However, past studies have paid less attention to the differences and hazard propagations between phases. In this research, these hazards are investigated during different construction phases. The propagation of hazards between phases is analyzed to develop appropriate safety management protocols according to each specific phase. Finally, measures are suggested to avoid an adverse impact between the phases. A combined method is also proposed to identify hazard propagation, which serves as a reference and contributes to safety management and accident prevention during different tower crane phases in the construction process.

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Ge, Yonggang, Jianqiang Zhang, and Xiaojun Guo. "Characteristics and Prevention of the Debris Flows following Wenchuan Earthquake in Jushui River Basin, An County, China." Journal of Earthquakes 2014 (December 17, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519865.

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After analysing the catastrophic debris flows on August 18, 2012, and on July 9, 2013, in Jushui River basin, An County, the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously striken areas, it was found that they were characterized by the clay soil content of 0.1~1.2%, the density of 1.68~2.03 t/m3, the discharges of 62.2 m3/s to 552.5 m3/s, and the sediment delivery modulus of 1.0~9.4 × 104 m3/km2. Due to intense rainstorm, many large debris flows produced hazard chain, involved in flash flood, debris flow, dammed lake, and outburst flood, and rose Jushui River channel about 1~4 m as well as amplified flood. The hazards and losses mainly originated from the burying and scouring of debris flows, flood inundating, and river channel rise. The prevention of debris flows is facing the intractable problems including potential hazard identification, overstandard debris flow control, control constructions destructing, and river channel rapid rise. Therefore, the prevention measures for the basin, including hazard identification and risk assessment, inhabitants relocating, monitoring and alarming network establishing, emergency plans founding, and river channel renovating, and the integrated control mode for watershed based on regulating the process of debris flow discharge, were recommended for mitigation.

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Sulardi, Sulardi, and Nuruddin Kafy El-Ridho. "HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION METHODS ON WORK IN CONFINED SPACES." IDENTIFIKASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja dan Lindungan Lingkungan 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/identifikasi.v5i2.97.

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The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of potential hazards and safe work procedures in the confined space area of ??the working of the oil and gas industry. The research method used was the application research method with a case study approach in the oil and gas industry in Balikpapan. The results showed that the potential danger in the room was limited by the danger of lack of oxygen, fire, poisoning explosion, irritation, static electricity, mechanical energy, extreme room temperature, dehydration, insufficient air circulation, slippery surfaces and ergonomic hazards. Safe working procedures in confined spaces were ensuring a safe working environment, use of PPE and work safety equipment, isolation of mechanical equipment, cleaning of gases and liquids, adequate air ventilation and adequate communication systems. The results of the study also recommended supporting the success of work in the confined space area to always be aware of the possibility of toxic gas, low oxygen concentrations and excess, the danger of work equipment and workers equipped with a gas tester.

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Yamaguchi, Naohito, Yoshihide Kinjo, Suminori Akiba, and Shaw Watanabe. "Ultraviolet Radiation and Health: from Hazard Identification to Effective Prevention." Journal of Epidemiology 9, no. 6sup (1999): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.9.6sup_1.

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YAMAGISHI, Hiromitsu. "Integrated Disaster Prevention Maps and Landslide Hazard Maps using GIS." Journal of the Japan Landslide Society 51, no. 2 (2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3313/jls.51.24.

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Asawarungsaengkul, Krisada, Suebsak Nanthavanij, and Junalux Chalidabhongse. "Decision Support System for Designing Effective Noise Hazard Prevention Strategies." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 13, no. 4 (January 2007): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2007.11105103.

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Trontin, Christian, and Sophie Béjean. "Prevention of occupational injuries: moral hazard and complex agency relationships." Safety Science 42, no. 2 (February 2004): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-7535(03)00015-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hazard prevention'

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