Dissertations / Theses: 'HBC'

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Bitencourt, Hellen Tayaná Oliveira. "Pesquisa e caracterização da hepatite B oculta em doadores de sangue do estado do Amapá." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17155/tde-07062017-161019/.

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Introdução. A infecção causada pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) é um dos agravos de maior prevalência no mundial. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) existem mais de 350 milhões de portadores crônicos da doença. A infecção pelo HBV é rotineiramente identificada quando há a presença do HBsAg circulante. Entretanto, em alguns casos o HBV-DNA tem sido detectado em indivíduos HBsAg negativos, positivos ou negativos para anti-HBc e anti-HBs. Essa apresentação sorológica e molecular é denominada infecção oculta pelo HBV (OBI). Geralmente a concentração do HBV-DNA no soro será abaixo de 200 UI/mL. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da OBI, em doadores de sangue do Estado do Amapá no ano de 2014. Material e Métodos. Foram analisadas um total de 62 amostras de doadores de sangue do estado do Amapá, no ano de 2014, que apresentavam o perfil sorológico: HBsAg negativo, anti-HBc positivo e com anti-HBs negativo ou positivo. Os marcadores sorológicos HBsAg e anti-HBc foram determinados através do imunoensaio quimioluminescente. As amostras selecionadas para a detecção do HBV-DNA foram testadas utilizando as metodologias de Real-Time PCR Kit NAT HIV/HCV/HBV (Bio-Manguinhos®) e PCR \"in house\". Resultados. Do total de 13.261 doadores triados para infecções transmissíveis pelo sangue, 283 apresentaram resultados reagentes para os marcadores da hepatite B, nos quais: 35 (0,3%) foram HBsAg e 248 (1,9%) para anti-HBc reagentes. Um total de 62 amostras foram testadas pelos métodos moleculares. Todas as amostras apresentaram resultado HBV-DNA não-detectável. Conclusão: O índice de inaptidão sorológica no ano de 2014 no HEMOAP foi de 1,9% para anti-HBc e 0,3% para HBsAg. A população estudada foi constituída predominantemente por adultos com idade entre 29-65 anos, do sexo masculino, casados e naturais de municípios do estado do Amapá
Introduction. The infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) there are more than 350 million chronic carriers of the disease. HBV infection is routinely identified when there is presence of circulating HBsAg. However, in some cases HBV-DNA has been detected in HBsAg negative individuals, positive or negative for anti-HBc and anti-HBs. This serological and molecular presentation is termed HBV-occult infection (OBI). Usually the concentration of HBV-DNA in serum will be below 200 IU / mL.Objective: To determine the prevalence of OBI in blood donors, in the State of Amapá, in the 2014. Material and methods. A total of 62 samples of blood donors from the State of Amapá in the year 2014 were analyzed, presenting the serological profile: HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive and with negative or positive anti-HBs. Serum markers HBsAg and anti-HBc were determined by the chemiluminescent immunoassay. Samples selected for HBV-DNA detection were tested using the Real-Time PCR Kit Kit HIV / HCV / HBV (Bio-Manguinhos®) and in-house PCR. Results. Of the total of 13,261 donors screened for blood-borne infections, 283 presented reactive results for hepatitis B markers, in which: 35 (0.3%) were HBsAg and 248 (1.9%) for anti-HBc reagents. All samples showed nondetectable HBV-DNA result. Conclusion: The serological disability index in the year 2014 in HEMOAP was 1.9% for anti-HBc and 0.3% for HBsAg. The studied population consisted predominantly of adults aged 29-65 years, males, married and natural of cities of the state of Amapá

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BARROS, Emanuelle Antonino. "Pesquisa do HBV-DNA em doadores de sangue com diferentes perfis sorológicos para hepatite B." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6990.

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Testes sorológicos para detecção do HBsAg e anti-HBc são realizados em doadores de sangue para evitar a transmissão da hepatite B. No entanto, a maior causa de rejeição nos hemocentros é a detecção do anti-HBc, que provoca ausência de doadores e descarte de bolsas de sangue, o que aumenta os custos nos bancos de sangue. Mas, pesquisas mostram que doadores anti-HBc positivo com ou sem o anti-HBs, podem continuar replicando o vírus e transmitir a infecção aos receptores dos hemocomponentes. Outros estudos mostram que doadores HBsAg/anti-HBc positivos na fase crônica podem conter quantidades de HBV-DNA muito baixas e não ser detectado por testes moleculares. Ainda existe um risco de transmissão que ocorre se o doador estiver na fase inicial da infecção, antes da detecção do HBsAg e que pode ser evitado pesquisando-se o HBV-DNA. Testes para detecção de ácidos nucleicos (NAT) do HIV, HCV e HBV em doadores de sangue já ocorre em alguns países, e no Brasil, está em fase de implantação para o HIV e HCV. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: pesquisar o HBV-DNA em doadores de sangue anti-HBc positivo da Fundação HEMOPE com e sem o anti-HBs, determinar a carga viral nos doadores HBsAg/anti-HBc positivo e estimar a frequência de positividade do HBV-DNA nos diferentes perfis sorológicos no período de junho de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. Trezentos e vinte doadores anti-HBc/anti-HBs positivos, 39 HBsAg/anti-HBc positivos e 41 anti-HBc positivo isolado participaram do estudo. A pesquisa do HBV-DNA foi realizada pelo teste qualitativo de nested-PCR e a quantificação pelo teste AMPLICOR HBV MONITOR (ROCHE). Os resultados mostraram que o HBV-DNA não foi detectado em nenhum doador anti-HBc/anti-HBs positivos e anti-HBc positivo isolado, sendo quantificado em 64% dos HBsAg/anti-HBc positivos. Esses resultados sugerem que com a utilização de uma técnica mais sensível, aumentaria a possibilidade de se detectar o HBV-DNA em um número maior de doadores. Além disso, a substituição do teste do HBsAg pela detecção do HBV-DNA, requer cautela e novos estudos. No entanto, o HBV-DNA é um marcador útil para detectar a infecção na fase de janela imunológica

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Indrák, Martin. "Komplexní zhodnocení finanční pozice podniku Coca Cola HBC Česká republika." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10561.

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The Purpose of this thesis is to briefly describe the company but also the whole branch of soft drinks production. The Dissertation investigate financial structure and analyzes the company through particular instruments of financial analysis such as absolute and ratio indexes, Du Pont decomposition, Altman index, Model IN and Economic value added. Also comparison with the biggest and most dangerous competitors on the market is the other essential part. Output of this thesis presents the evaluation of the financial health and condition of the company, its market position and last but not least some little recommendations, if needed.

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Kyselová, Karolina. "Podnikatelské strategie pro čínský trh - příklad společnosti Coca-Cola, HBC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112677.

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This thesis deals with the business strategy in the Chinese market, which is introduced a concrete example of the business strategy of Coca-Cola. According the breadth of the topic there is not included the overall business strategy of mentioned company, but corporate social responsibility, which is the third pillar of the strategy. The aim is to compare by values of social responsibility and setting the Coca-Cola's current situation on the Chinese market and local governments attitude to the main problems of this area. The first chapter is describe the economic growth and current economic development of China, which is marked by the global financial crisis. In the context of sustainable development of Coca-Cola is worth mentioning the Convention and the obligations arising from the country for membership in the ILO. This issue is devoted to the second chapter. The last chapter describes the business strategy (including the basic pillars of the strategy "4A"), with a focus on ensuring sustainable growth. This information is used not only to approach the business strategy, but also for possible access to government compared with the real situation in the country.

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Schwab, Anja. "Gestaltung flexibler Arbeitszeiten dargestellt am Beispiel der HBC-radiomatic GmbH /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11759405.

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Leturcq, Didier. "Purification de l'antigène de capside du virus de l'hépatite B (AG HBC) et préparation d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-HBC : application de ces deux réactifs en immuno-enzymologie." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3802.

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Nous avons mis au point et comparé différentes techniques chromatographiques de purification de la capside du virus de l'hépatite B (antigène HBc). L'antigène HBc obtenu a été utilisé pour préparer des anticorps monoclonaux murins anti-HBc, dont trois ont été caractérisés plus en détail. Un des trois anticorps monoclonaux a été utilisé dans un test immuno-enzymatique de recherche de l'antigène HBc, ainsi que pour la réalisation de tests immuno-enzymatique permettant de mettre en évidence la présence d'Ig A et d'Ig E anti-HBc par immunocapture. Les Ig A et les Ig E anti HBc ont pu être mises en évidence à la phase aigüe de l'hépatite B aigüe, que ce soit pour les formes graves ou bégnines, selon une cinétique proche de celles des Ig M anti-HBc (disparition à la convalescence). Dans les formes chroniques d'hépatite B, les taux d'Ig A et d'Ig E anti-HBc observés vont de pair avec la gravité des lésions hépatiques ; les Ig A et Ig E anti-HBc semblent donc être des marqueurs sérologiques particulièrement intéressants pour suivre l'évolution des hépatites chroniques.

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Inuzuka, Tadashi. "Reactivation from occult HBV carrier status is characterized by low genetic heterogeneity with the wild-type or G1896A variant prevalence." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215419.

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MAGALHÃES, Paula Machado Ribeiro. "Perfil de produção de anticorpos após vacinação para Hepatite B em doadores sanguíneos positivos para Anti-HBc e negativos para HBsAg e Anti-HBs." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7397.

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O anticorpo contra o antígeno do centro (ou do core), o anti-HBc, do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) é considerado o mais sensível e duradouro marcador sérico da infecção pelo VHB. Algumas vezes o anti-HBc é encontrado na ausência de outros marcadores como por exemplo o anti-HBs ou o HBsAg. O significado clínico do encontro isolado do anti-HBc permanece incerto. Existem algumas explicações para este achado: primeiro, o encontro do anti-HBc pode ser um resultado apenas falso-positivo. Segundo, o indivíduo pode ter ficado imune após contato com o VHB, porém não possui anti-HBs detectável. Terceiro, estes indivíduos com anti-HBc isolado podem ser portadores crônicos do VHB com ausência ou não detecção de HBsAg. Além do que o encontro isolado do anti-HBc pode ser pelo fato do indivíduo se encontrar na fase de janela imunológica quando o HBsAg desapareceu mas o anti-HBs ainda não está detectável. Uma última hipótese menos provável é que a presença do anti-HBc possa ter sido devida a uma passagem passiva deste anticorpo. Exceto a situação de janela imunológica todas as outras explicações hipotéticas teriam teoricamente esclarecimento com o uso de técnicas de biologia molecular. Porém, como é cara e laboriosa não é utilizada de rotina. Haja vista a importância tanto do ponto de vista do indivíduo como para os serviços de saúde de elucidar se o anti-HBc isolado é falso-positividade do teste ou contato prévio com o VHB alguns serviços de saúde têm utilizado a vacinação contra o VHB nestes indivíduos para distinguir entre estas duas situações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta contra vacina recombinante para VHB em doadores sanguíneos portadores de anti-HBc e negativos para HBsAg e anti-HBs. O modelo do estudo foi do tipo quasi-experimental sem grupo controle, não randomizado. Vinte e quatro doadores entre 22 e 76 anos receberam três doses de 20 mcg de Engerix®-B nos meses 0, 1 e 6. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas 30 dias após primeira e terceira dose de vacina e testadas para anti-HBs pela técnica imunoenzimática por fluorescência. Os resultados mostraram que após a primeira e terceira dose de vacina a taxa de soroproteção (anti-HBs >10 miliUI/ml) foi de 61,9% e 87,5%, respectivamente. A taxa de resposta tipo anamnéstica com produção rápida de anticorpos foi de 38% e tipo primária ou lenta foi de 47,6%. A taxa de não respondedores ao final do esquema vacinal foi de 12,5%. Doadores estes potencialmente suspeitos de serem portadores inativos de VHB e que foram submetidos à pesquisa de DNA do VHB pela PCR sendo todos negativos para este teste. O uso da vacina recombinante contra VHB ajudou a elucidar a situação imunológica da maioria dos indivíduos do presente estudo. Portanto, a estratégia da vacinação parece ser prática e pouco laboriosa para esclarecimento diagnóstico neste grupo de doadores

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Hertík, Vojtěch. "Analýza týmové práce vybraného pracovního týmu ve společnosti Coca-Cola HBC Česká republika, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198089.

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The content of this thesis is an analysis of a selected work team in the company Coca-Cola HBC Czech Republic Ltd. The main aim of the work is to provide materials and recommendations to the team manager helping him improve the teamwork effectiveness and develop the team. In the introductory part of the thesis theoretical principles related to teamwork are presented. The next part deals with processing methodology of empirical investigation. The practical part is focused on the analysis of work team and provides recommendations for improving the effectiveness of teamwork and team development.

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Kupski, Carlos. "Perfil sorológico e molecular de indivíduos anti-HBc reagente e HBsAg negativo provenientes de um banco de sangue em uma área de baixa endemicidade para HBV." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4522.

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Hepatitis B vírus (HBV), even after being eliminated, leaves serological markers which demonstrate a previous contact with the virus or an occult infection. Stages of HBV infection can be identified based on the profile of HBV markers. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of serological and molecular HBV markers of individuals excluded from blood donation in a region of low HBV endemicity due to the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (total anti-HBc), but negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). A transversal study was designed to evaluate serological and molecular profile of subjects excluded from blood donation at the Blood bank of Hospital São Lucas -PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS), presenting a reagent total anti-HBc and negative HBsAg. From March 2003 to May 2005, 244 individuals were selected, all them exclusively total anti-HBc reagent, with all other serological markers routinely tested negative. Serological markers such HBsAg antibodies (anti-HBs), HBV “e” antigen (HBeAg), HBeAg antibodies (anti-HBe) were determined using the Elecsys commercial kits (Roche Diagnostics) and HBV-DNA was identified by polimerase chain reaction (PCR).Study was conducted with a total of 244 rejected blood samples, 85. 7% presenting anti-HBs titles 10 IU/L. Among 164 samples tested for serological markers related to viral replication, all were negative for HBeAg and 66. 5% were reagent for anti-HBe. All samples tested for HBV-DNA (n=241) were negative. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between anti-HBe and anti-HBs titles, where individuals with anti-HBe reagent were positively associated with strong protective anti-HBs titles (P=0,026). Based upon reported data, it is possible to conclude that study individuals from a low endemic area for HBV, excluded from blood donation due to an isolated reagent anti- HBc, have frequently shown anti-HBs titers which confer immunity against HBV, besides being negative for HBV-DNA.
O vírus da Hepatite B (HBV), mesmo depois de eliminado, deixa marcas sorológicas que podem demonstrar esse contato prévio ou infecção oculta. O perfil de marcadores permite identificar os diferentes estágios da infecção pelo HBV. O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir o perfil sorológico e molecular de indivíduos de uma área de baixa endemicidade para o HBV excluídos de doação de sangue por apresentarem anticorpos contra o antígeno do cerne do HBV (anti-HBc total), apesar de negativos para o antígeno de superfície do HBV (HBsAg). Um estudo transversal foi delineado para avaliar o perfil sorológico e molecular de indivíduos anti-HBc total reagente e HBsAg negativo impedidos da doação sangüínea no Banco de Sangue do HSL-PUCRS. No período de março/2003 a maio/2005 foram selecionados 244 indivíduos, todos apenas anti-HBc total reagente, com os demais marcadores rotineiramente testados negativos. As variáveis do estudo foram os seguintes marcadores: título de anticorpos contra o HBsAg (anti-HBs), antígeno “e” do HBV (HBeAg), anticorpos contra o HBeAg (anti-HBe) e HBV-DNA. Os marcadores sorológicos foram determinados utilizando kits comerciais Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics) e a pesquisa molecular de HBV foi realizada através da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A amostra do estudo foi composta por 244 impedimentos, sendo que 85,7% já apresentavam títulos de anti-HBs 10 UI/L. Em relação aos marcadores relacionados com a replicação viral, das 164 amostras testadas, todas foram HBeAg não-reagentes e 66,5% apresentavam anti-HBe reagente. Todas amostras testadas para o HBV-DNA (n=241) foram negativas. A análise estatística mostrou uma associação significativa entre anti-HBe e títulos de anti-HBs, onde os indivíduos anti-HBe reagente apresentaram uma associação positiva com títulos anti-HBs forte-protetores (P=0,026). A partir dos dados do presente estudo, é possível concluir que estes indivíduos de uma zona considerada de baixa endemicidade para o HBV, excluídos de doação sangüínea por apresentarem anti-HBc total reagente isolado, apresentaram, na maioria das vezes, títulos de anti-HBs que lhe conferem imunidade contra o HBV, além de não apresentarem HBV-DNA circulante.

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Quioc-Salomon, Barbara. "Rôle de la protéine HBC du virus de l'hépatite B sur la biologie des ARN viraux." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/QUIOC_SALOMON_Barbara_va.pdf.

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Les patients infectés chroniquement par le VHB ont un risque élevé de développer des maladies graves du foie telles que le carcinome hépatocellulaire. Dans les cellules infectées, le virus persiste sous la forme d’un ADN circulaire covalemment clos (ADNccc) qui reste stable même chez les patients qui suivent un traitement. La protéine virale HBc, en plus de son rôle dans la formation des capsides, est retrouvée dans le noyau et est recrutée sur l’ADNccc et modifie sa structure. Cependant son rôle dans ce contexte n’est pas encore compris. Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle nucléaire d’HBc notamment sur la biologie de l’ADNccc et l’expression des ARN viraux, nous avons construit plusieurs mutants déficients pour l’expression d’HBc. Nous avons tout d’abord construit un mutant qui possède deux codons stop après le codon 27 d’HBc suivi d’une substitution d’une partie du gène HBc par une séquence codant différents épitopes. Lors de l’infection, ce virus possède un fort défaut d’expression des ARN viraux, qui ne peut être restauré par la ré-expression d’HBc. La quantification des ARN naissants montre que le défaut semble être post-transcriptionnel mais est présent rapidement après la transcription (<2h). Ces résultats suggèrent que le défaut observé est indépendant d’HBc et que la séquence délétée de HBV HBc-Flag27* pourrait être impliquée dans un mécanisme de régulation post-transcriptionnelle. Grâce à ce virus, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la protéine HBc apportée avec la capside lors de l’infection est capable de se réassocier sur l’ADNccc dans le noyau. Nous avons ensuite étudié des mutants ayant une séquence plus proche de la souche sauvage, sans cette substitution. Lorsqu’ils sont exprimés à partir d’un plasmide exprimant à la fois le génome et la protéine HBc sous le contrôle d’un promoteur SV40, nous observons un défaut d’expression de l’ARNpg pour des mutants possédant les codons stop après le 27e ou le 38e codon du gène HBc, mais pas lorsqu’il est placé après le 67e codon. Ces résultats suggèrent que le déplacement du codon stop d’HBc induit la diminution de l’expression de l’ARNpg et que le codon stop naturel d’HBc pourrait être protégé des voies de surveillance des ARN viraux comme la nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) qui reconnait les ARN ayant un codon stop prématuré. Lors des infections par ces virus, et donc en absence d’HBc, nous observons un défaut accru pour les virus ayant des codons stop aux codons 27 et 38 et un défaut apparait pour le virus ayant le codon stop après la position 67. Dans ce contexte, en absence d’HBc, nous avons pu voir que les ARN codants pour les protéines de surface sont également impactés et que l’expression des ARN peut être partiellement restaurée par l’expression d’HBc. Par des techniques de chromosome conformation capture nous avons pu mettre en évidence que le virus HBV HBc-27* n’est plus exclu des régions réprimées contactant des lamines, indiquant que la protéine HBc pourrait être impliquée dans la l’adressage de l’ADNccc vers des régions favorables pour la transcription. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation par HBc, nous avons isolé les partenaires nucléaires de la protéine et mis en évidence de nombreux facteurs impliqués dans la régulation de l’ADN et de la transcription ainsi que dans la réparation des dommages à l’ADN.Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats permettent de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation de la biologie des ARN du VHB
Chronic HBV carriers (CHB) are at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Because covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persists in infected cells through RNA expression, deciphering the mechanisms involved in RNA transcription and stability is a crucial step to identify new antiviral targets. In addition to its role in capsid formation, HBV core protein (HBc) has been shown to be associated with the cccDNA and to modulate its structure, yet the impact of this modification on HBV transcription is not fully understood. To better understand the role of HBc in this context we constructed several mutants deficient for HBc expression. The first mutant has two stop codons after codon 27 in HBc followed by a substitution of the HBc sequence by a sequence encoding different epitopes. During infection, this virus shows a strong decrease in expression of viral RNA, which cannot be rescued by re-expression of HBc. The quantification of nascent RNAs shows that the defect appears to be post-transcriptional and is present as early as 2h after transcription. These results suggest that the observed defect is independent of HBc and that the deleted sequence in the HBV genome of this mutant could be involved in a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. With this mutant, we have been able to demonstrate that the HBc protein provided by the capsid during infection is able to re-associate onto the cccDNA in the nucleus. We then studied HBc mutants generated in the context of the the wild-type virus sequence, without the substitution. When expressed from a plasmid expressing both the genome and the HBc protein under the control of SV40 promoter, we observe a decrease of the pgRNA expression for mutants having the stop codons after the 27th or 38th codon of HBc, but not when the stop codon is located after the 67th codon. These results suggest that displacement of the HBc stop codon induces a decrease in pgRNA expression, independently of HBc protein, and that the natural stop codon of HBc could be protected from viral RNA surveillance pathways such as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) that recognizes RNAs with a premature stop codon. During infections with these viruses, and therefore in the absence of HBc, we observed an increased in the defect for viruses having stop codons at position 27 and 38 and a defect appears for a virus having the stop codon at position 67. In this context, in the absence of HBc, we have seen that RNAs encoding surface proteins are also impacted and that RNA expression can be partially restored by HBc expression. By chromosome conformation capture techniques we were able to observe that the HBc-27* HBV virus is no longer excluded from repressed regions associated with lamins, indicating that the HBc protein could be involved in the localization of the cccDNA at active chromatin regions favorable for transcription.In order to understand the mechanisms involved in HBc regulation, we have isolated the nuclear partners of HBc and highlighted many factors involved in the RNA and DNA regulation, in the DNA damage repair and RNA processing.Overall, our results shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of HBV RNA biology

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Masini, Filippo. "Coca cola hbc italia: Modello per il calcolo di inventory stock target e production cycles ottimali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8060/.

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Ai, Min. "Ordered mono- and multi-layers from nanographene derivatives." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16046.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation berichtet über die Untersuchung von selbst-aggregierten Einfach- und Mehrfachschichten aus Nanographenen-Derivate mit Hilfe der Rastertunnelmikroskopie (RTM) an Fest-Flüssig-Grenzflächen. Die -Konjugation bringt einzigartige elektronische Eigenschaften mit sich, so dass die Nanographen-Derivate viel versprechende Bausteine für eine molekulare und organische Elektronik sind, da sie maßgeschneidert und kostengünstig prozessiert werden können, und leicht und flexibel sind. Für elektronische Anwendungen ist es notwendig, die Nanographene in ultradünnen Filmen mit geordneten supramolekularen Strukturen zu organisieren. Nanostrukturen werden für Nanographene-Derivate auf hoch orientiertem pyrolytischem Graphit (HOPG) untersucht, wie zum Beispiel alkylierte Hexi-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBCs) unterschiedlicher Symmetrie und dreiecksförmige polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK). Es zeigt eine erstaunliche Vielfalt von supramolekularen Strukturen, z.B. Zick-Zack-, Blumen- oder Honigwaben-Muster. Eine faszinierende Besonderheit besteht in den Honigwaben Strukturen, die sich durch Selbstaggregation dreieckiger alkylierter Phenyl-PAKs bilden, und die damit Nanotemplate für Gastmoleküle darstellen. In vielen Fällen bilden Nanographene-Derivate nicht nur Monoschichte sondern auch Multischichten auf Graphit. Die Selbstorganisation von Doppelschichten aus einer HBC-Stern-Verbindung bietet das Potenzial für Baustelemente in der organischen Elektronik, zum Beispiel für Nanodrähte. Die alkylierten Phenyl-HBCs bilden polykristalline Strukturen sowohl in der "face-on"-Anordnung in Monoschichten auf Graphit wie in der "edge-on"-Anordnung in Multischichten, die sich in einem äußeren elektrischen Feld bilden. Beides kann nützlich sein, da für die mögliche Anwendung in einer Photovoltaik-Zelle die "face-on"-Orientierung auf Oberflächen erforderlich ist, während für organische Feldeffekt-Transistoreneine "edge-on" Nanostruktur benötigt wird.
This thesis reports on the investigation of self-assembled mono- and multilayers from nanographene derivatives via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at solid-liquid interfaces. Because of the unique electronic properties associated with their -bonded topology, nanographenes are promising building blocks for molecular and organic electronics, which provide the possibility of tunability together with low-cost processing, light weight, and flexibility. For the application in electronics it is necessary to organize nanographenes in ultrathin films with well-ordered supramolecular structures. Nanostructures of monolayers on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) are studied for different nanographene derivatives, such as alkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) with different symmetries, and triangle-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They exhibit a surprising diversity of supramolecular structures, for example zigzag, flower-like or honeycomb shapes. A fascinating peculiarity provides the honeycomb structures which are self-assembled from triangle-shaped alkylated phenyl PAHs, which provide nanotemplates to accommodate guest molecules. In many cases, nanographene derivatives not only form monolayers but also multilayers on HOPG. Star-shaped HBC molecules self organize into bilayers in polar solvents, which exhibit the potential for the formation of building blocks of organic electronics, for instance nanowires. The alkylated phenyl HBCs form polycrystalline structures both in the “face-on” arrangement in a monolayer on HOPG, and “edge-on” in multilayers within an external electric field. Both may be useful for potential applications, since in a photovoltaic cell, the “face-on” orientation on surfaces is required, while for the purpose to be applied in organic field-effect transistors, the “edge-on” nanostructure on the electrodes is necessary.

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Kupski, Carlos. "Perfil sorol?gico e molecular de indiv?duos anti-HBc reagente e HBsAg negativo provenientes de um banco de sangue em uma ?rea de baixa endemicidade para HBV." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2005. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1665.

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O v?rus da Hepatite B (HBV), mesmo depois de eliminado, deixa marcas sorol?gicas que podem demonstrar esse contato pr?vio ou infec??o oculta. O perfil de marcadores permite identificar os diferentes est?gios da infec??o pelo HBV. O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir o perfil sorol?gico e molecular de indiv?duos de uma ?rea de baixa endemicidade para o HBV exclu?dos de doa??o de sangue por apresentarem anticorpos contra o ant?geno do cerne do HBV (anti-HBc total), apesar de negativos para o ant?geno de superf?cie do HBV (HBsAg). Um estudo transversal foi delineado para avaliar o perfil sorol?gico e molecular de indiv?duos anti-HBc total reagente e HBsAg negativo impedidos da doa??o sang??nea no Banco de Sangue do HSL-PUCRS. No per?odo de mar?o/2003 a maio/2005 foram selecionados 244 indiv?duos, todos apenas anti-HBc total reagente, com os demais marcadores rotineiramente testados negativos. As vari?veis do estudo foram os seguintes marcadores: t?tulo de anticorpos contra o HBsAg (anti-HBs), ant?geno e do HBV (HBeAg), anticorpos contra o HBeAg (anti-HBe) e HBV-DNA. Os marcadores sorol?gicos foram determinados utilizando kits comerciais Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics) e a pesquisa molecular de HBV foi realizada atrav?s da rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A amostra do estudo foi composta por 244 impedimentos, sendo que 85,7% j? apresentavam t?tulos de anti-HBs 10 UI/L. Em rela??o aos marcadores relacionados com a replica??o viral, das 164 amostras testadas, todas foram HBeAg n?o-reagentes e 66,5% apresentavam anti-HBe reagente. Todas amostras testadas para o HBV-DNA (n=241) foram negativas. A an?lise estat?stica mostrou uma associa??o significativa entre anti-HBe e t?tulos de anti-HBs, onde os indiv?duos anti-HBe reagente apresentaram uma associa??o positiva com t?tulos anti-HBs forte-protetores (P=0,026). A partir dos dados do presente estudo, ? poss?vel concluir que estes indiv?duos de uma zona considerada de baixa endemicidade para o HBV, exclu?dos de doa??o sang??nea por apresentarem anti-HBc total reagente isolado, apresentaram, na maioria das vezes, t?tulos de anti-HBs que lhe conferem imunidade contra o HBV, al?m de n?o apresentarem HBV-DNA circulante.

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TRINDADE, Erika Ketlem Gomes. "Desenvolvimento de nanoimunossensor para identificação de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite B." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15423.

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FACEPE
A infecção com o Vírus da Hepatite B (HBV) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Estima-se que 350 milhões de pessoas no mundo têm infecção crônica pelo HBV, o que representa aproximadamente 5% da população mundial. Levando-se em conta que a transmissão do HBV ocorre principalmente pelas vias parenteral e sexual, bolsas de sangue devem ser rigorosamente controladas. Um teste rápido antes da doação para identificar o marcador do HBV é desejável para reduzir os custos com o descarte desnecessário de bolsas de sangue. Atualmente, os anticorpos produzidos contra os antígenos do core do vírus da hepatite B (anti-HBc IgG) têm sido relatados como o marcador mais prevalente para o HBV devido a persistir por toda a vida e indicam infecção passada. Imunossensores são dispositivos analíticos que utilizam antígenos ou anticorpos e um transdutor para detecção rápida e quantificação de analitos e também podem ser portáteis. Diferentes tipos de transdutores para imunossensores são utilizados, tais como eletroquímico, óptico e piezoeléctrico. As técnicas eletroquímicas têm como princípio básico a detecção de espécies eletroativas presentes no processo de interação do elemento biológico com o transdutor. Transdutores eletroquímicos amperométricos estão entre os mais utilizados, devido à sua facilidade para portabilização. Os nanomateriais e os polímeros funcionalizados têm atraído grande interesse no desenvolvimento de matrizes de imobilização para biossensores devido a proporcionarem maior estabilidade e maior área para ancoramento de biomoléculas. Quando os nanotubos de carbono carboxilados são associados com politiramina, eles formam ligações amida que permitem que esta superfície seja muito mais estável, aumentando a precisão analítica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um imunossensor para detecção do anti-HBc através da imobilização do antígeno do HBc (HBcAg) em um eletrodo de ouro nanoestruturado formado por nanotubos de carbono carboxilados e politiramina. As modificações no eletrodo foram acompanhadas por voltametria cíclica e voltametria de onda quadrada. Foi obtida uma matriz estável, com processo de interação reversível e com possibilidade de portabilização. A faixa linear de resposta foi de 1,0 a 5,0 ng/mL, com limite inferior de detecção de 0,1ng/mL, mostrando grande sensibilidade para o anticorpo. Para uso clínico, o protótipo precisa ser validado em mais amostras sorológicas.
Infection with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An estimated 350 million people have chronic HBV infection, which represents approximately 5% of the world population. Taking into account that transmission of HBV occurs mostly by via parenteral and sexual, blood bags should be tightly controlled. A quick test before donating to identify the marker of HBV is desirable to reduce unnecessary costs to dispose of blood bags. Currently, antibodies against the core antigen of hepatitis B (anti-HBc IgG) have been reported as the most prevalent marker for HBV virus due to persist throughout life, indicating past infection. Immunosensors are analytical devices that use antigens or antibodies, and a transducer for rapid detection and quantification of analytes and can also be portable. Different types of transducers for immunosensors are used, such as electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric. Electrochemical techniques have as basic principle the detection of electroactive species present in the interaction process of the biological element with the transducer. Amperometric electrochemical transducers are among the most widely used due to be easily portabilized. And nanomaterials functionalized polymers have attracted great interest in the development of immobilization matrices for biosensors owing to provide greater stability and larger area for biomolecule anchoring. When the carboxylated carbon nanotubes are associated with polytyramine they form amide bonds that allow the surface to be much more stable, enhancing the analytical precision. This work aimed at the development of an immunosensor for the detection of anti-HBc by immobilizing the HBc antigen (HBcAg) in a nanostructured gold electrode formed by carboxylated carbon nanotubes and polytyramine. The changes in the electrode were followed by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. A stable matrix was obtained, with reversible interaction process and the possibility of portabilization. The linear response range was 1.0 to 5.0 ng/ml, with a lower detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, showing great sensitivity to the antibody. For clinical use, the prototype must be validated in more serum samples.

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Traoré, Aïcha Nina. "Mesure de l'incidence de l'hépatite virale B selon la séroconversion pour l'AC HBC, chez les donneurs de sang du Québec." Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24027/24027.pdf.

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Traoré, Aïcha Nina. "Mesure de l'incidence de l'hépatite virale B selon la séroconversion pour l'AC HBC, chez les donneurs de sang du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24027/24027.pdf.

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Cette étude visait à évaluer le risque résiduel de l’hépatite virale B (HVB) en mesurant son incidence chez 112 242 donneurs de sang d’Héma-Québec, via la séroconversion pour l’anticorps dirigé contre le noyau (Ac HBc) au lieu de l’habituel antigène de surface (Ag HBs). Les donneurs ayant eu une séroconversion pour l’Ac HBc et dépistés positifs pour l’Ac HBs (anticorps dirigé contre l’Ag HBs) ont été définis comme cas incidents. D’avril 2003 à avril 2005, l’identification de 13 cas incidents pour l’Ac HBc et 3 pour l’Ag HBs a permis d’estimer des incidences respectives de 12,6 x 105 personnes-années-1 et 3,35 x 105 personnes-années-1, correspondant à des risques résiduels de 1/63 018 dons et de 1/237 731 dons. L’incidence de l’HVB via l’Ac HBc est différente de celle via l’Ag HBs. Notre étude suggère que l’Ac HBc ne semble pas un marqueur fiable d’une récente infection d’HVB.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the residual risk of hepatitis B viral (HBV) by measuring its incidence among 112,242 blood donors at Hema-Quebec, via the seroconversion for the antibody directed against the core (anti-HBc) instead of the usual surface antigen (HBsAg). We considered as incident cases donors who had a seroconversion for the anti-HBc and who were screened positive for the anti-HBs (antibody directed against the HBsAg). From April 2003 to April 2005, the identification of 13 anti-HBc incident cases and 3 for HBsAg permitted us to estimate respective incidences of 12.6 x 105 person-years-1 and 3.35 x 105 person-years-1, which corresponded to residual risks of 1 in 63,018 donations and 1 in 237,731 donations. The HBV incidence via the anti-HBc seroconversion is different from the estimate via the HBsAg. Our study suggests that anti-HBc seroconversion may not be a reliable marker of recent hepatitis B infection.

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Traoré, Aïcha Nina. "Mesure de l'incidence de l'hépatite virale B selon la séroconversion pour l'AC HBC, chez les donneurs de sang du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18875.

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Cette étude visait à évaluer le risque résiduel de l’hépatite virale B (HVB) en mesurant son incidence chez 112 242 donneurs de sang d’Héma-Québec, via la séroconversion pour l’anticorps dirigé contre le noyau (Ac HBc) au lieu de l’habituel antigène de surface (Ag HBs). Les donneurs ayant eu une séroconversion pour l’Ac HBc et dépistés positifs pour l’Ac HBs (anticorps dirigé contre l’Ag HBs) ont été définis comme cas incidents. D’avril 2003 à avril 2005, l’identification de 13 cas incidents pour l’Ac HBc et 3 pour l’Ag HBs a permis d’estimer des incidences respectives de 12,6 x 105 personnes-années-1 et 3,35 x 105 personnes-années-1, correspondant à des risques résiduels de 1/63 018 dons et de 1/237 731 dons. L’incidence de l’HVB via l’Ac HBc est différente de celle via l’Ag HBs. Notre étude suggère que l’Ac HBc ne semble pas un marqueur fiable d’une récente infection d’HVB.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the residual risk of hepatitis B viral (HBV) by measuring its incidence among 112,242 blood donors at Hema-Quebec, via the seroconversion for the antibody directed against the core (anti-HBc) instead of the usual surface antigen (HBsAg). We considered as incident cases donors who had a seroconversion for the anti-HBc and who were screened positive for the anti-HBs (antibody directed against the HBsAg). From April 2003 to April 2005, the identification of 13 anti-HBc incident cases and 3 for HBsAg permitted us to estimate respective incidences of 12.6 x 105 person-years-1 and 3.35 x 105 person-years-1, which corresponded to residual risks of 1 in 63,018 donations and 1 in 237,731 donations. The HBV incidence via the anti-HBc seroconversion is different from the estimate via the HBsAg. Our study suggests that anti-HBc seroconversion may not be a reliable marker of recent hepatitis B infection.

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Schmitz-Hübsch, Thomas. "Von der organischen Heteroepitaxie zu organisch-organischen Heterostrukturen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1070465405156-18243.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Wachstum der planaren aromatischen Moleküle Perylen-3,4,9,10-tetracarbonsäure-3,4,9,10-dianhydrid (PTCDA) und Peri-Hexabenzocoronen (HBC) auf verschiedenen einkristallinen Oberflächen von Gold und Graphit untersucht. Zur Abscheidung der Moleküle und zur Herstellung dünner hochgeordnerter organischer Schichten wurde eine Molekularstrahlepitaxieanlage mit mehreren Kammern aufgebaut. Bei den Untersuchungen des Wachstums von PTCDA auf der Au(111)- und Au(100)-Fläche wurden drei Klassen von Strukturen gefunden: Eine Fischgrätenstruktur, deren Gitterparameter und molekulare Anordnung der (102)-Ebene des PTCDA-Kristalls entsprechen, eine quadratische Struktur, sowie eine Stabstruktur, die der (010)-Ebene des PTCDA-Kristalls zugeordnet werden kann. Während die Stabstruktur auf Au(100) ein inkommensurables Wachstum zeigt, konnten alle anderen PTCDA-Strukturen sowohl auf Au(111) als auch auf Au(100) als point-on-line epitaktisch klassifiziert werden. Die HBC-Schichten auf Au(111), Au(100)hex und Graphit zeigen abweichend von der Kristallstruktur eine hexagonale Symmetrie. Auf Graphit wächst HBC in einer kommensurablen Struktur. Auf den beiden Au-Oberflächen existieren mehrere Strukturen, die sich in ihrer Orientierung und ihren Gitterkonstanten unterscheiden. Neben einer dominierenden HBC-Struktur lassen sich auf den Au-Flächen weitere Strukturen beobachten, deren Auftreten durch den Bedeckungsgrad und die Substratmorphologie, d.h. die Stufenzahl und Terrassengröße des Substrates bestimmt wird. Alle diese HBC-Strukturen konnten als kommensurabel klassifiziert werden. Die Anordnung der HBC-Moleküle in Multilagen wurde für das System HBC auf Au(100)hex mit Hilfe molekularmechanischer Berechnungen modelliert. Die HBC-Moleküle sind in der zweiten Lage gegenüber denen der ersten Lage so verschoben, dass die C-Atome der Moleküle eine graphitähnliche Anordnung zeigen. Wie die STM Untersuchung der organischen Heteroschichten aus HBC und PTCDA zeigen, ist es möglich, epitaktische organische Heteroschichten auch von Molekülen herzustellen, die sich in ihren Gitterkonstanten und in der Symmetrie unterscheiden. Erstmals ließen sich derartige Schichten mittels Rastertunnelmikroskopie direkt und durch LEED auch im reziproken Raum abbilden. Aus dem in den STM Bildern sichtbaren Moirékontrast wurde die Orientierung der beiden organischen Gitter bestimmt. PTCDA wächst bezüglich des HBC-Gitters weder kommensurabel noch point-on-line koinzident, zeigt jedoch eine feste Winkelorientierung. Es handelt sich in diesem Fall um eine inkommensurable Struktur bezüglich des HBC-Gitters, die jedoch bezüglich des zugrundeliegenden Graphitgitters point-on-line Koinzidenz zeigt. Das Versagen der einfachen geometrischen Epitaxiemodelle kann in diesem Fall auf die Existenz mehrerer, energetisch nahezu gleichwertiger Adsorptionsplätze innerhalb der Einheitszelle des Substrates zurückgeführt werden.

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Beaudry, Jeanette T. "Effect of hemoglobins S and C on the in vivo expression and immune recognition of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants in Malian children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21f27887-e7e8-4480-a8e4-c7072f3b392c.

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The enormous mortality burden exerted by P. falciparum malaria has evolutionarily selected for red blood cell (RBC) polymorphisms which confer protection against the severe manifestations of this disease. Although the epidemiological protection by these polymorphisms has been well-established for the past half-century, the mechanisms underlying this protection are still being uncovered. Recent studies implicate impaired cytoadherence to microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) due to reduced surface levels and altered display of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) as a mechanism of protection against severe malaria by sickle hemoglobin (Hb) S and HbC. Consequently, in this thesis, I have described three separate, but related investigations into whether hemoglobins S and C influence a parasite’s cytoadherence binding phenotype (Chapter 3), the PfEMP1 variants that parasites express in vivo (Chapter 4), and the IgG recognition of PfEMP1 domains in Malian children (Chapter 5). We found that parasites from HbAS children show statistically insignificant increased binding to MVECs and that parasites did not express a restricted subset of var genes in HbAS and HbAC children. Compared to HbAA and HbAC children, HbAS children demonstrated a slower rate of acquisition of IgG responses to a repertoire of PfEMP1 domains. These findings suggest that, although hemoglobin type influences the binding phenotype of P. falciparum isolates and the acquisition of PfEMP1-specific IgG responses, other factors more likely determine the expressed var gene repertoire within parasites than hemoglobin type.

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Ventura, Maria Heloiza Torres. "Prevalência de anticorpos para hepatites virais B e C em estudantes de ensino fundamental da rede municipal da cidade de Santos-SP - 2008." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2009. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/567.

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Este estudo epidemiológico foi realizado com o objetivo de definir a soroprevalência das hepatites virais B e C em escolares que freqüentavam regularmente as escolas municipais de Ensino Fundamental no município de Santos, no período de novembro de 2008 a março de 2009,. Foram analisadas 98 amostras de sangue de escolares com idade entre 4 e 14 anos, através da técnica de ELISA, para detecção da presença de anticorpos anti-HVC, anti-HBc anti-HBs e HBsAg, Setenta e duas amostras foram positivas para a detecção do anti-HBs, mostrando uma eficácia na vacinação contra hepatite B de 75%. Em duas crianças foi detectada a presença do HVC, demonstrando uma prevalência de 2,8%. A pesquisa do anti-HBc foi positiva em duas crianças (prevalência de 2,8%) e o HBs-Ag foi detectado em uma criança (prevalência de 1,3%).

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Khodl, Vojtěch. "Trade marketing." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192695.

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The main objective of this thesis is to define the term "trade marketing" and evaluate its role within the Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company. With the use of internal resources and relevant literature, I will describe the use of trade marketing from both theoretical and practical point of view. I will also introduce the Coca-Cola HBC and its position on the carbonated soft drinks market in the Czech republic.

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Vajravelu, Dilip Kumar. "Connected Me - Proof of Concept." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100155.

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Connected Me is a Human Body Communication (HBC) system, which is used fortransferring data through human body. The working principle is based on theorycalled Body Coupled Communication (BCC), which uses electrostatic couplingfor transferring data between device and human body. Capacitance between bodyand electrode acts as an electrical interface between devices. BCC has become aprominent research area in the field of Personal Area Network (PAN), introducedby Zimmerman in 1995. Until now there have been significant amount of paperspublished on human body models and Analog Front End (AFE), but only fewreports are available in digital baseband processing. The proposed Human Body Communication (HBC) system consists ofdigital baseband and AFE. Digital baseband is used for transferring data packets.AFE is designed for reconstructing signal shape after signal degradation causedby the human body. This thesis implements high speed serial digital communicationsystem for a human body channel. Available modulation schemes andcharacteristics of the Physical layer (PHY) with respect to human body channelare analyzed before implementing the system. The outcome of this thesis is aFPGA demonstrator that shows the possibility of communication through thehuman body.
Connected Me

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Akhiwu, Patrick. "Home Based Care (HBC) providers knowledge attitude and perception of identification treatment and referrals of common symptoms of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20352.

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Home based care is a major intervention in the management of HIV/AIDS and other illnesses in need of palliative care, especially in situations where resources are limited. The challenges associated with HIV/AIDS infection in Botswana resulted in the training of home based care volunteers (HBCV) to assist in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The HBCV regularly visit and assist ill patients at home. They provided support with home activities and basic health care. They are to note changes in their clients' condition, and, if necessary, report to the home based team at the clinics f or further action. The purpose of this study was to explore their knowledge, attitude, and perception in the identification, management, and referral of common symptoms of HIV/AIDS. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study of thirty three HBCV participants using a semi - structured interview guide was carried out. Closed and open ended questions were used to collect sociodemographic data and explore their knowledge, attitudes, and perception in relation to the identification, management, and referral of common symptoms of HIV /AIDS. A 5 point Likert scale was used to access their confidence with caring for different symptoms. The response to the open - minded ended question were coded and analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most of the participants were women. The study revealed that fatigue, weakness and pain were the symptoms most identified by HBCV. Other symptoms like diarrhoea were also identified with HBCV demonstrating satisfactory basic knowledge and management of these symptoms. They were aware of common symptoms of opportunistic diseases like tuberculosis and the need to refer such patients. Majority of HBCV were "comfortable" or "very comfortable" with their role of referring patients for symptom management. This study exposed the negative experiences of HBCV, which included stress, fatigue, helplessness, dealing with difficult families, fear of HIV infection, and death of clients. It also highlighted their positive experiences of community appreciation, financial reward, providing symptom relief, spiritual development, increased knowledge, and having a sense of "Botho" (humanness and community responsibility). This study showed the knowledge of the HBCV in relation to HIV/AIDS and associated symptoms. It also presented their attitude and perceptions with the management and referral of these symptoms.

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Assis, Jaqueline Calça. "Prevalência de anti-HBc isolado em amostras do instituto Adolfo Lutz e hepatite B oculta após resposta vacinal em pacientes do ambulatório municipal de hepatites virais." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/422.

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The presence of anti-HBc alone can have several meanings: false positive, healing immune window, delayed immunity or occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). In clinical practice, it is important and necessary to clarify the diagnosis to prevent transmission to the risk population such as hemodialysis patients, blood donors, transplant recipients and co-infected individuals with HIV and/or HCV. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anti-HBc alone and occult hepatitis B, respectively, in blood samples from Adolfo Lutz Institute - Regional Laboratory Center X - São José do Rio Preto (IAL - CLR X - SJRP) and patients from Municipal Ambulatory of Viral Hepatitis (AMHV) both from São José do Rio Preto city in the period from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2014. Methods: The study population of IAL - CLR X - SJRP is from the region served by the 15th Health Regional Division (DRS), and the AMHV is a population screened for clarification, monitoring and treatment of viral hepatitis in the city. In this population with anti-HBc alone, patients were immunized against hepatitis B and the individuals without vaccine response were selected for the performance of HBV-DNA research for the diagnosis of occult hepatitis B. Results: During the study period, 6805 samples were evaluated without duplication in IAL - CLR X - SJRP, of these 624 samples had anti-HBc positive, and the prevalence of anti-HBc alone was 17.63% (110/624). In the AMHV, 940 patients anti-HBc isolated were evaluated, from these 816 (86.81%) were vaccinated and after the criterion of disregarding the vaccinated patients who did not have anti-HBs evaluated after vaccination (85 - 10.42%), 731 (89.58%) patients were considered for analysis of the vaccine response, and 568 (77.70%) presented seroconversion with anti-HBs positive and 163 (22.30%) non-seroconverted patients. The research of HBV-DNA was performed in 25.77% (42/163) patients without a vaccine response, finding a prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OBI) of 47.62% (20/42).The presence of antibodies to HIV and HCV was 25.40% and 13.25% in the blood samples IAL - CLR X - SJRP and in AMHV was 1.80% and 0.33%, respectively. Conclusion: The results show the occurrence of antiHBc alone in IAL - CLR X - SJRP and the need of monitoring this population. In AMHV, the vaccination was effective for most cases, which demonstrates the need of vaccine introduction as a routine in anti- HBc alone patients in the overall population. The occult hepatitis B was found in almost half of patients assessed without vaccine response.
A presença do anti-HBc isolado pode ter vários significados: falso positivo, janela imunológica de cura, imunidade tardia ou infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B (IOB). Na prática clínica é importante e necessário o esclarecimento diagnóstico para evitar transmissão em populações de risco como pacientes hemodialisados, doadores de sangue, transplantados e indivíduos coinfectados com HIV e/ou HCV. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de anti-HBc isolado e hepatite B oculta, respectivamente, em amostras de sangue do Instituto Adolfo Lutz - Centro de Laboratório Regional X - São José do Rio Preto (IAL - CLR X - SJRP) e pacientes do Ambulatório Municipal de Hepatites Virais (AMHV) ambos da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2009 a 31 de dezembro de 2014. Casuística e Métodos: A população estudada do IAL - CLR X - SJRP é proveniente da região atendida pela Divisão Regional de Saúde (DRS) XV e a do AMHV é uma população triada para esclarecimento, acompanhamento e tratamento das hepatites virais do município. Nesta população com anti-HBc isolado os pacientes foram imunizados contra hepatite B e os indivíduos sem resposta vacinal foram selecionados para realização da pesquisa de HBV-DNA para diagnóstico da hepatite B oculta. Resultados: Durante o período de estudo, foram avaliadas 6805 amostras, sem duplicação, no IAL - CLR X - SJRP, destas, 624 amostras apresentavam anti-HBc reagente, sendo a prevalência de anti-HBc isolado 17,63% (110/624). No AMHV foram analisados 940 pacientes com anti-HBc total isolado destes 816 (86,81%) foram vacinados e depois de aplicado o critério de desconsiderar os pacientes vacinados que não tiveram o anti-HBs avaliado após a vacinação (85 - 10,42%), 731 (89,58%) pacientes foram considerados para análise da resposta vacinal, sendo que 568 (77,70%) apresentaram soroconversão com anti-HBs positivo e 163 (22,30%) pacientes não soroconverteram. A pesquisa do HBV-DNA foi realizada em 25,77% (42/163) dos pacientes sem resposta vacinal, encontrando uma prevalência de hepatite B oculta (IOB) de 47,62% (20/42). A presença de anticorpos contra HIV e HCV foi de 25,40%, 13,25% nas amostras do IAL - CLR X - SJRP e no AMHV foi de 1,80%, 0,33%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstram a ocorrência de anti-HBc isolado nas amostras do IAL - CLRX - SJRP e a necessidade de acompanhamento dessa população. No AMHV a vacinação esclareceu a maioria dos casos, o que demonstra a necessidade da introdução da vacina como rotina em pacientes anti-HBc isolado na população geral. A hepatite B oculta foi encontrada em quase metade dos pacientes não respondedores vacinais avaliados.

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Pereira, Josiane Silveira Felix. "Avaliação sorologica e molecular de individuos isoladamente reagentes para anticorpos anti-HBc com e sem infecção oculta pelo virus B apos vacinação contra a hepatite B." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313585.

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Orientador: Fernando Lopes Gonçales Junior, Neiva Sellan Lopes Gonçales
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A elevada porcentagem de positividade para o anti-HBc pode resultar em excessiva perda de doadores em uma determinada região geográfica, podendo afetar o suprimento de sangue. Como a realização do anti-HBc foi introduzida nos bancos de sangue como marcador indireto da hepatite C, que hoje possui um teste específico, passou-se a questionar a necessidade dessa obrigatoriedade. Alguns estudos mostram a correlação entre a presença de anti-HBc no doador e infecção pelo VHB no receptor. Recentemente, com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de biologia molecular, tomou-se possível a determinação do DNA do VHB, que de certa maneira auxilia a investigação dos pacientes anti-HBc isoladamente reagentes. Como os pacientes anti-HBc reagentes podem apresentar infecção oculta pelo VHB, procuramos avaliar a ocorrência da mesma nos nossos doadores e por existir um potencial de transmissão do VHB procuramos avaliar se a vacinação seria capaz de levar os pacientes com DNA-VHB positivo a eliminar esse VHB residual, pois podem soroconverter quando recebem a vacina contra a hepatite B. Essa conduta poderia ser usada para diminuir a transmissão do VHB em áreas altamente endêmicas. Sabe-se também que a infecção oculta pelo VHB ocorre em altas freqüências entre pacientes com HVC crônica. Por isso avaliamos também uma amostra com esses pacientes. Ao final, comparamos os resultados das prevalências de infecção oculta pelo VHB, de soroconversão para o anti-HBs e de negativação do DNA-VHB, em grupos com diferentes graus de risco para aquisição da HVB. Neste trabalho foram avaliados 587 doadores de sangue provenientes do Hemocentro Campinas bloqueados na triagem de sangue do serviço de hemoterapia por apresentarem positividade para o anti-HBc quando da primeira doação de sangue. Todos eram negativos para o anti-HCV e anti-HIV. Foram identificados, responderam a um questionário específico e tiveram amostras de sangue coletadas para a realização de testes bioquímicos, uma nova pesquisa dos marcadores da hepatite B e uma pesquisa do DNA do VHB pela PCR. Convocamos os pacientes com o resultado anti-HBc reagente/anti-HBs não reagente a retomarem ao Ambulatório para serem vacinados Ao final, obtivemos três grupamentos: um de doadores de sangue anti-HBc não reagente, provavelmente falso-positivos (grupo A); um constituído por doadores de sangue anti-HBc reagentes/anti-HBs reagentes (grupo B); e outro por doadores de sangue anti-HBc reagente/anti-HBs não reagente (grupo C). Nestes foi realizada a pesquisa do DNA do VHB utilizando o soro da primeira coleta pela técnica da PCR "in house". As amostras positivas foram submetidas a nova pesquisa quantitativa do DNA-VHB com o teste Amplicor HBV Monitor (Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg, NJ). Em 50 pacientes do grupo B, também foi realizada a pesquisa do DNA do VHB pela PCR "in house". Quando do retomo dos pacientes do grupo C, fazíamos a primeira dose (DI) da vacina Engerix B 'MARCA REGISTRADA¿. Na época da segunda dose (D2) da vacina, cerca de 30 dias após DI, e da terceira dose (D3), cerca de 5 meses após D2 coletávamos nova amostra de sangue para a realização de novas pesquisas do anti-HBs e do DNA-VHB. Foi selecionado também um grupo HBsAg negativo, anti-HBc reagente/anti-HBs não reagente/HCV reagente, constituído por 50 pacientes. 22 deles (10 DNA-VHB + e 12 DNA-VHB -) receberam as três doses da vacina e pesquisou-se a soroconversão e a negativação do DNA-VHB (grupo D). Para efeito de comparação com o grupo D, selecionamos um grupo de 26 pacientes HBsAg negativo/anti-HBc não reagentes/HCV reagentes (grupo E)... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: A high percentage of positivity for anti-HBc can result in excessive loss of donors in some geographic regions, and consequently could affect blood supplies. As anti-HBc testing was originally implemented in blood banks as an indirect marker of hepatitis C, which now has a specific test, there are now questions about the necessity for including this test. Some studies have shown a correlation between anti-HBc in the donor and infection with HBV in the receptor. Recently, with the advent of molecular biology techniques, it has become possible to detect HBV DNA, which can help in the investigation of patients that are anti-HBc reactive alone. Since anti-HBc reactive patients can present occult infection with HBV, we decided to evaluate the occurrence of this condition in our blood donors. As there individuaIs with anti-HBc alone can potentially transmit HBV, we evaluated via PCR if vaccination is capable of eliminating this residual HBV in patients who are HBV-DNA positive, as they can seroconvert when they are vaccinated against hepatitis B. This could be a strategy to reduce the transmission of HBV in highly endemic areas. It is also known that occult infection with HBV occurs at high frequencies among patients with chronic HCV. Consequently, we also evaluated a cohort of these patients. Finally, we compared the results on prevalence of occult infection with HBV, seroconversion to anti-HBs, and negativation of HBV-DNA, in groups with different degrees of risk for acquiring HBV. We made an ambulatory study of 587 blood donors attended at the Campinas Blood Center, who were rejected by blood screening as they were positive for anti-HBc at the time of the first donation. All of them were negative for anti-HCV and anti-HlV. In this first stage of the study, the blood donors were identified and they responded to a specific questionnaire. Also, on the day of the first visit, blood samples were collected to make biochemical tests, to retest for hepatitis B markers and investigation of HBV DNA with PCR. We had three groups; there was a group ofblood donors who were anti-HBc non-reactive, based on the new tests done at our service. These were probably false positives (group A). Group B was constituted of individuaIs who were anti-HBc reactive /anti-HBs reactive. Group C was constituted of blood donors who were anti-HBc reactive /anti HBs non-reactive. An investigation for HBV DNA was done on these individuaIs, using serum from the first blood collection, via "in house" PCR. The samples that were positive were then evaluated quantitatively for HBV DNA, using a commercial test (Amplicor HBV Monitor, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg, NJ). HBV DNA was also tested for in 50 randomly selected group B patients, via "in house" PCR. When the group C patients returned, we gave them the first dose (D1) of the vaccine Engerix B 'MARCA REGISTRADA¿. At the time of the second dose (D2) of vaccine, about 30 days after DI, we took another blood sample to test again for anti-HBs and for HBV DNA. The patients who seroconverted after DI did receive additional doses of vaccine. The second dose was administered approximateIy one month after DI and a third dose (D3), five months after D2. Another group of 50 HBsAg negative, anti-HBc reactive /anti-HBs non reactive /HCV reactive patients was also included in the study, to investigate if there was occult infection with hepatitis B vírus. Among these 50, 22 patients (10 HBV DNA + e 12 HBV DNA - ) were vaccinated for hepatitis B, and seroconversion and negativation of HBV-DNA were then investigated. These patients were given the three doses of vaccine (group D). For comparison with group D, we selected a group of 26 patients HbsAg negative/anti-HBc non-reactive /HCV reactive, who were also being studied in our ambulatory clinic (group E)... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Ciencias Basicas
Doutor em Clínica Médica

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Adomavicius, Tomas. "Evaluation of the hepatitis B virus particle as a malaria vaccine carrier." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-the-hepatitis-b-virus-particle-as-a-malaria-vaccine-carrier(bb9e157f-dc5c-4b81-9731-5ced1cbef8fe).html.

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Malaria is a major health problem and an effective vaccine is essential for the eradication of the disease. Despite extensive efforts, a malaria vaccine remains elusive due to the parasite's complex life cycle, diverse morphology, and immune system evasion mechanisms. Antibodies against C terminal domain of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1-19), a highly conserved protein and the main vaccine candidate for blood-stage malaria, can inhibit erythrocyte invasion by the parasite and alleviate the disease symptoms. However, MSP1-19 is poorly immunogenic and classic protein-in-adjuvant MSP1-19-based vaccine formulations failed to induce strong immune responses due to low immunogenicity and generation of ineffective antibodies. The aim of this study was to use hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles to increase the immunogenicity of MSP1-19. HBc forms particles with protruding spikes and induces a strong and specific immune response against foreign epitopes inserted at the tips of the spikes. In addition, positioning of MSP1-19 on the particle can influence the accessibility of certain antibody binding sites, possibly altering elicited antibody fine specificity and vaccine efficiency. MSP1-19 domain was inserted into the middle of the HBc sequence so that it is displayed at the tips of the HBc particle. Two HBc-MSP1-19 constructs, having different insert flanking linkers, displayed soluble particle formation after bacterial expression and lysis optimization. The particles were purified and the suitability of these two constructs as malaria vaccine candidates was assessed. Firstly, binding of the conformational anti-MSP1-19 antibodies indicated that MSP1-19 domain in the chimeric proteins has the correct disulphide bond pattern which is crucial for the protective properties of an MSP1-19-based vaccine. Furthermore, electron microscopy imaging and determination of initial 3D structures confirmed that both HBc MSP1-19 constructs form particles resembling the wild-type HBc particles, meaning the insertion of MSP1-19 did not heavily distort the overall HBc particle structure. In addition, it was shown that MSP1-19 domains are displayed at the tips of the particle spikes. Particle formation and foreign epitope display are important for the epitope's immunogenicity improvement. The immunogenicity of the chimeric particles was then assessed in mice. Both constructs elicited similar high antibody titres without the use of additional adjuvants, but no difference was observed between the particulate constructs and a non-particulate control (an MSP1-19-based protein). Interestingly, although both HBc-MSP1-19 and non-particulate MSP1-19-elicited antibodies recognized native malarial parasite, only the particulate construct antibodies demonstrated a moderate parasite growth inhibition while the antibodies from the control group did not show parasite inhibition above the background levels. In conclusion, it was shown that MSP1-19 can be expressed in bacteria as a soluble correctly folded protein fused to HBc. More importantly, the fusion protein is capable of forming immunogenic particles which generate antibodies that recognize native MSP1 and inhibit parasite growth more effectively than the protein without the HBc. Therefore, this work lays grounds and supports further chimeric HBc-MSP1-19 research and development.

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Botelho, Maria Aparecida de Oliveira. "Prevalência da soropositividade dos marcadores de hepatite B (HBsAG e ANTI-HBc) em gestantes do programa de proteção à gestante de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2004 a 2007." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2008. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/5232.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2008.
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As doenças infecciosas e parasitárias são responsáveis por um grande número de óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil. A hepatite B é uma doença infecto contagiosa, e um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo seu diagnóstico em gestantes importante para acompanhamento, tratamento e prevenção da transmissão vertical. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência da positividade de marcadores para hepatite B (HBsAg e Anti HBc), das gestantes acompanhadas pelo Programa de Proteção à Gestante do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (PPG) de 2004 a 2007, de acordo com a faixa etária e a procedência das gestantes. Foi feito um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com coleta retrospectiva de dados. Os dados foram obtidos do banco de dados do PPG. Foram analisados os dados de 119.774 gestantes que participaram do PPG no período de março de 2004 a março de 2007, considerando a idade e a procedência das gestantes. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado (χ2), com 95% de confiabilidade. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: Do total de gestantes analisadas, foram encontrados 347 casos positivos (uma média de 0,29%) para o HBsAg, e 773 casos positivos (média de 0,65%) para o anti-HBc. A análise espacial mostrou uma prevalência mais elevada para os dois marcadores, nas microrregiões de Iguatemi e Alto Taquari. Com relação a faixa etária, os resultados foram semelhantes para o HBsAg e anti-HBc, com prevalência maior em gestantes acima de 35 anos. Estes resultados revelam que a prevalência do vírus da hepatite B, foi inferior ao relatado pelo Ministério da Saúde para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e também quando comparado a alguns trabalhos disponíveis na literatura. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The infectious and parasitic diseases are responsible for a large number of deaths of women in fertile age. Hepatitis B is a contagious infectious disease, and a serious public health problem, therefore its diagnosis in pregnant women is important for the monitoring of these women and prevention of vertical transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of positivity of markers for hepatitis B (HBsAg and anti HBc), of the pregnant women who were attended by Pregnancy Protection Program of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (PPG) between 2004 and 2007, according the age-groups and origin of the pregnant women. It was made a descriptive and quantitative study, with retrospective data collection. The data were obtained from the database of PPG. Were analyzed data from 119,774 women who had participated of the PPG between March 2004 and March 2007, considering the age and origin of the pregnant women. Statistical analysis of the data was made using the Chi-square (χ2), with 95% confidence. They were found the following results: Of the total number of pregnant women tested, 347 were found positive cases for HBsAg (average of 0.29%), and 773 positive cases for anti-HBc (average of 0.65%). The spatial analysis showed a higher prevalence to both markers in the micro region Iguatemi and Alto Taquari. In relation the age, the results were similar to the HBsAg and also for anti-HBc, with greater prevalence in pregnant women over 35 years. These results show that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus, was lower than that reported by the Health Department for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and also when compared to some studies available in literature.

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Maldari, Mirko. "Design of an ultra-low-power communication system for leadless pacemaker synchronization." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT018.

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L’objectif de nos études était de proposer des solutions optimisées pour la communication entre pacemakers sans sondes (LCP en Anglais) afin de permettre la synchronisation de la thérapie entre dispositifs implantés dans des chambres cardiaques différentes. L’Intra-Body Communication (IBC) est considérée comme une solution prometteuse. Il s’agit d’une communication qui utilise les tissue biologiques comme moyen de transmission. Les atténuations des canaux de communication ont été caractérisé en utilisant un model de thorax vérifié grâce à des essais in vivo. Un récepteur à très faible consommation a été conçu en technologie CMOS avec une sensitivité qui respecte les niveaux des signaux issus de la caractérisation du canal intra-cardiaque. Afin de minimiser la consommation du récepteur et, en conséquence, réduire l’impacte du circuit en termes de longévité du dispositif, une stratégie innovante de communication a été proposée. Les résultats de recherche démontrent la faisabilité d’une synchronisation entre LCPs fondée sur télémétrie, ouvrant la voie à la réalisation de systèmes multi-dispositifs pour améliorer la qualité du traitement de patients qui souffrent de bradycardie. Ce travail fait partie du projet WiBEC, un projet multidisciplinaire qui vise à concevoir des technologies sans fils pour des dispositifs implantables
Our research focused on power optimized solutions for the communication between Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers (LCP) to allow a synchronized therapy among devices implanted in different cardiac chambers. A promising solution is the Intra-Body Communication (IBC), which uses biological tissues as transmission medium. The attenuation of the communication channels were characterized using an accurate torso model that has been verified by means of in-vivo experiments. An ultra-low power receiver has been designed in CMOS technology according to the sensitivity requirement coming from the intra-cardiac channel characterization. Moreover, a novel communication strategy has been proposed to minimize the power consumption of the receiver reducing the impact in terms of device longevity. The research results show the feasibility of a telemetry driven synchronization of LCPs, paving the way toward multiple-leadless pacemaker systems that might improve the quality of treatment of the bradycardia patients. This work was part of the WiBEC project. It is a multi-disciplinary project aiming to develop the wireless technologies for novel implantable devices

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Forker, Roman. "Electronic Coupling Effects and Charge Transfer between Organic Molecules and Metal Surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26163.

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We employ a variant of optical absorption spectroscopy, namely in situ differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), for an analysis of the structure-properties relations of thin epitaxial organic films. Clear correlations between the spectra and the differently intense coupling to the respective substrates are found. While rather broad and almost structureless spectra are obtained for a quaterrylene (QT) monolayer on Au(111), the spectral shape resembles that of isolated molecules when QT is grown on graphite. We even achieve an efficient electronic decoupling from the subjacent Au(111) by inserting an atomically thin organic spacer layer consisting of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) with a noticeably dissimilar electronic behavior. These observations are further consolidated by a systematic variation of the metal substrate (Au, Ag, and Al), ranging from inert to rather reactive. For this purpose, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is chosen to ensure comparability of the molecular film structures on the different metals, and also because its electronic alignment on various metal surfaces has previously been studied with great intensity. We present evidence for ionized PTCDA at several interfaces and propose the charge transfer to be related to the electronic level alignment governed by interface dipole formation on the respective metals
Zur Analyse der Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen dünner, epitaktischer Molekülfilme wird in situ differentielle Reflexionsspektroskopie (DRS) als Variante der optischen Absorptionsspektroskopie verwendet. Klare Zusammenhänge zwischen den Spektren und der unterschiedlich starken Kopplung zum jeweiligen Substrat werden gefunden. Während man breite und beinahe unstrukturierte Spektren für eine Quaterrylen (QT) Monolage auf Au(111) erhält, ist die spektrale Form von auf Graphit abgeschiedenem QT ähnlich der isolierter Moleküle. Durch Einfügen einer atomar dünnen organischen Zwischenschicht bestehend aus Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronen (HBC) mit einem deutlich unterschiedlichen elektronischen Verhalten gelingt sogar eine effiziente elektronische Entkopplung vom darunter liegenden Au(111). Diese Ergebnisse werden durch systematische Variation der Metallsubstrate (Au, Ag und Al), welche von inert bis sehr reaktiv reichen, untermauert. Zu diesem Zweck wird 3,4,9,10-Perylentetracarbonsäuredianhydrid (PTCDA) gewählt, um Vergleichbarkeit der molekularen Filmstrukturen zu gewährleisten, und weil dessen elektronische Anordnung auf verschiedenen Metalloberflächen bereits eingehend untersucht worden ist. Wir weisen ionisiertes PTCDA an einigen dieser Grenzflächen nach und schlagen vor, dass der Ladungsübergang mit der elektronischen Niveauanpassung zusammenhängt, welche mit der Ausbildung von Grenzflächendipolen auf den entsprechenden Metallen einhergeht

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Ouellet, Hugues. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique des hémoglobines 2/2 HbN et HbO de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26156/26156.pdf.

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Tazay, Ahmad F. "Smart Inverter Control and Operation for Distributed Energy Resources." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7097.

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The motivation of this research is to carry out the control and operation of smart inverters and voltage source converters (VSC) for distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV), battery, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). The main contribution of the research includes solving a couple of issues for smart grids by controlling and implementing multifunctions of VSC and smart inverter as well as improving the operational scheme of the microgrid. The work is mainly focused on controlling and operating of smart inverter since it promises a new technology for the future microgrid. Two major applications of the smart inverter will be investigated in this work based on the connection modes: microgrid at grid-tied mode and autonomous mode. \indent In grid-tied connection, the smart inverter and VSC are used to integrate DER such as Photovoltaic (PV) and battery to provide suitable power to the system by controlling the supplied real and reactive power. The role of a smart inverter at autonomous mode includes supplying a sufficient voltage and frequency, mitigate abnormal condition of the load as well as equally sharing the total load's power. However, the operational control of the microgrid still has a major issue on the operation of the microgrid. The dissertation is divided into two main sections which are: 1- Low-level control of a single smart Inverter. 2- High-level control of the microgrid. The first part investigates a comprehensive research for a smart inverter and VSC technology at the two major connections of the microgrid. This involves controlling and modeling single smart inverter and VSC to solve specific issues of microgrid as well as improve the operation of the system. The research provides developed features for smart inverter comparing with a conventional voltage sourced converter (VSC). The two main connections for a microgrid have been deeply investigated to analyze a better way to develop and improve the operational procedure of the microgrid as well as solve specific issues of connecting the microgrid to the system. A detailed procedure for controlling VSC and designing an optimal operation of the controller is also covered in the first part of the dissertation. This section provides an optimal operation for controlling motor drive and demonstrates issues when motor load exists at an autonomous microgrid. It also provides a solution for specific issues at operating a microgrid at autonomous mode as well as improving the structural design for the grid-tied microgrid. The solution for autonomous microgrid includes changing the operational state of the switching pattern of the smart inverter to solve the issue of a common mode voltage (CMV) that appears across the motor load. It also solves the issue of power supplying to large loads, such as induction motors. The last section of the low-level section involves an improvement of the performance and operation of the PV charging station for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) at grid-tied mode. This section provides a novel structure and smart controller for PV charging station using three-phase hybrid boost converter topology. It also provides a form of applications of a multifunction smart inverter using PV charging station. The second part of the research is focusing on improving the performance of the microgrid by integrating several smart inverters to form a microgrid. It investigates the issue of connecting DER units with the microgrid at real applications. One of the common issues of the microgrid is the circulating current which is caused by poor reactive power sharing accuracy. When more than two DER units are connected in parallel, a microgrid is forming be generating required power for the load. When the microgrid is operated at autonomous mode, all DER units participate in generating voltage and frequency as well as share the load's power. This section provides a smart and novel controlling technique to solve the issue of unequal power sharing. The feature of the smart inverter is realized by the communication link between smart inverters and the main operator. The analysis and derivation of the problem are presented in this section. The dissertation has led to two accepted conference papers, one accepted transaction IEEE manuscript, and one submitted IET transaction manuscript. The future work aims to improve the current work by investigating the performance of the smart inverter at real applications.

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Ortiz-Cuàran, Sandra. "Interactions between tumour suppressor p53 and HBV antigen HBx in liver carcinogenesis : molecular epidemiology and mechanistic studies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10067.

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Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est la principale forme de cancer primitif du foie. Le CHC présente des variations d'incidence géographique qui reflètent les variations de prévalence des infections chroniques par les virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et/ou C (VHC), ainsi que l'exposition alimentaire aux aflatoxines. Dans les régions de haute incidence, une mutation spécifique au le codon 249 du gène TP53 est très fréquemment détectée dans les CHC et a été proposée comme un marqueur moléculaire de l'exposition aux aflatoxines. La protéine mutée correspondante, p.R249S, interagit avec l'oncogène viral HBx, qui module la réplication virale, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Des séquences HBX sont détectables dans l'ADN génomique de plus de 80% des CHC liés au VHB. Nous avons étudié les associations de mutation R249S avec les caractéristiques moléculaires de HBX et la progression du CHC en utilisant des spécimens obtenus dans deux études cas-témoins développées Thaïlande et en Gambie. Nos résultats démontrent (1) que la mutation R249S est préférentiellement associée aux CHC qui se développent en l'absence de cirrhose hépatique préexistante ; (2) que la mutation est associée à la présence de polymorphismes dans l'intron 1 de TP53, suggérant l'influence de facteurs de susceptibilité génétique sur la formation des mutations ; (3) que la mutation est généralement associée à la rétention dans les cancers de séquences de HBX complètes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la protéine mutée p.R249S coopère avec HBx pour favoriser le développement de CHC sans cirrhose, et que la susceptibilité à la formation de cette mutation est influencée par la structure polymorphique de TP53
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of primary liver cancer. HCC presents geographical variations in incidence that reflect variations in the prevalence of chronic infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and / or C (HCV) and dietary exposure to aflatoxins. In areas of high incidence, a specific mutation at codon 249 of TP53 gene is frequently detected in HCC and has been proposed as a molecular hallmark of aflatoxin exposure. The corresponding mutated protein p.R249S, interacts with the viral oncogene HBx, which modulates viral replication, proliferation and cell survival. HBX sequences are detectable in the genomic DNA of more than 80% of HBVrelated HCC. We investigated the associations of mutation R249S with the molecular characteristics of HBX and progression of HCC using specimens obtained in two case-control studies developed in Thailand and in The Gambia. Our results demonstrate (1) that the mutation R249S is preferentially associated with HCC that develop in the absence of pre-existing liver cirrhosis, (2) that the mutation is associated with the presence of polymorphisms in intron 1 of TP53, suggesting influence of genetic susceptibility factors on the formation of mutations, (3) that the mutation is usually associated with the retention of cancers with complete HBX sequences. These results suggest that the mutated protein p.R249S cooperates with HBx to promote the development of HCC without cirrhosis, and that susceptibility to the formation of this mutation is influenced by the polymorphic structure of TP53

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Martins, Saulo. "Soroprevalência de marcadores da infecção pelo HBV e dos títulos de anti-HBs em indivíduos soropositivos para o HIV." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128977.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2014.
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As infecções pelo HIV e pelo HBV são preocupantes problemas de saúde pública, sendo que, a infecção pelo HBV se constitui no principal problema mundial de saúde pública; estima-se que existam 350 milhões de portadores crônicos do HBV no mundo. No Brasil, a prevalência do HBV em geral é moderada (2% a 7%), com baixa taxa de infecção no Sul, média taxa de infecção no Nordeste e Sudeste e uma alta prevalência na região Amazônica, Espírito Santo e no oeste de Santa Catarina. O Brasil registrou 608.230 casos de AIDS desde 1980, o que representa uma prevalência média de 0.6% da população adulta. No início de 2014 poucos dados estão disponíveis sobre a prevalência dos marcadores de infecção e imunidade para hepatite B em indivíduos soropositivos para o HIV. Objetivos: Estabelecer a prevalência dos marcadores de infecção, de imunidade para o vírus da hepatite B e a cobertura vacinal contra HBV em indivíduos adultos HIV soropositivos confirmados residentes na região metropolitana de Florianópolis. População: Participaram deste estudo, realizado no período de outubro de 2012 a março de 2013, 300 voluntários, comprovadamente soropositivos para o HIV. Dados sócios demográficos como a idade, gênero, etnicidade, escolaridade, renda mensal, tempo do diagnóstico do HIV, tempo de terapia antirretroviral, forma mais provável da infecção pelo HIV e o resultados de carga viral do HIV e contagem de linfócitos T CD4, foram obtidos dos pacientes. Resultados: A prevalência dos marcadores HBsAg, anti-HBc foi de 2,3% e 29,3%, respectivamente. O marcador de imunidade anti-HBs, apresentou prevalência de 56,7% nos pacientes estudados; 43,3% dos pacientes estudados apresentavam título menor que 2,0 mUI/mL, em 9,7% o título estava entre 2,1 e 10,0 mUI/mL e em 47,0% o título era maior que 10,1 mUI/mL. A cobertura vacinal foi de 57,4%. Dos pacientes vacinados, se verificou que 15,3%, 7,7% e 34,3% apresentavam título de anti-HBs < 2,1 mUI/mL, de 2,1 a 10,0 mUI/mL e >10,1 mUI/mL, respectivamente. Conclusões: A prevalência dos marcadores HBsAg e anti-HBc apresentou uma redução expressiva, quando comparados aos resultados verificados em 1999, em estudo feito na mesma região e população alvo. A cobertura vacinal da população estudada, de 57,4% é significante, mas a disponibilidade da vacina pode ser ainda melhor divulgada e intensificada/ampliada pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Abstract : Introduction: HIV infection and HBV are two troubling public health problems, and that HBV infection is the main global public health problem, it is estimated that there are 350 million chronic carriers of HBV. In Brazil, the prevalence of HBV is generally moderate (2 % to 7 %), with low infection rate in the South, the average rate of infection in the Northeast and Southeast and a high prevalence in the Amazon, the Espírito Santo and the western region of Santa Catarina. There are in Brazil registered 608,230 cases of AIDS since 1980, representing an average prevalence of 0.6 % of the adult population. There are currently few data are available on the prevalence of markers of infection and immunity to hepatitis B in HIV-seropositive individuals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of markers of infection, immunity to hepatitis B virus and HBV vaccination coverage in adults confirmed HIV seropositive residents in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis. Population: The study, was conducted from October 2012 to March 2013, 300 volunteers, proven HIV seropositive. Demographic social data such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, time of HIV diagnosis, duration of antiretroviral therapy, most likely form of HIV infection and the results of HIV viral load and CD4 counts were obtained from patients. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc was 2.3% and 29.3%, respectively. The marker of immunity anti-HBs, showed a prevalence of 56.7% in the patients studied, 43.3% of patients had a lower title than 2.0mIU/mL, in 9.7% the title was between 2.1 and 10.0mIU/mL and 47.0% greater than the title was 10.1mIU/mL. Vaccination coverage was 57.4%. Of the vaccinated patients, it was found that 15.3%, 7.7% and 34.3% had a titer of anti-HBs < 2.1mIU/mL, 2.1 to 10.0mIU/ml and > 10.1mIU/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc showed a significant reduction when compared to those recorded in 1999, in a study done in the same area and target population results. The vaccination coverage of the population studied, 57.4% is significant, but the availability of the vaccine may be even better publicized and intensified / amplified by the Brazilian Ministry of.

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Shaikh, Mujaheed, and Afschin Gandjour. "Pharmaceutical expenditure and gross domestic product: Evidence of simultaneous effects using a two-step instrumental variables strategy." John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3832.

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This paper estimates the income elasticity of government pharmaceutical spending and assesses the simultaneous effect of such spending on gross domestic product (GDP). Using a panel dataset for 136 countries from 1995 to 2006, we employ a two-step instrumental variable procedure where we first estimate the effect of GDP on public pharmaceutical expenditure using tourist receipts as an instrumentforGDP. In the secondstep,weconstructanadjusted pharmaceutical expenditure series where the response of public pharmaceutical expenditure to GDP is partialled out and use this endogeneity adjusted series as an instrument for pharmaceutical expenditure. Our estimations show that GDP has a strong positive impact on pharmaceutical spending with elasticity in excess of unity in countries with low spending on pharmaceuticals and countries with large economic freedom. In the second step, we find that when the quantitatively large reverse effect of GDP is accounted for, public pharmaceutical spending has a negative effect on GDP per capita particularly in countries with limited economic freedom.

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Doležalová, Kateřina. "HBO." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251446.

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This thesis deals with the position of the cable television Home Box Office in the contemporary digital world. Work explores the history of television since its inception to the present time. The fundamental subject of investigation are the pillars of programming, that helped HBO create the unique program concept. This concept is called edgy. HBO also focuses on its own production, and edgy concept works especially for the original production, which represents a milestone in the history of HBO (but also in the history of television broadcasting) . Television production is for the first time accepted as artistic work. Thus HBO strengthens its unique position and holds it till now. The second part of this diploma focuses on the current situation of broadcasting. The main mover of today is Internet and so-called on-demand services (video on demand - VOD). The US market offers many more options for watching audiovisual content via VoD then Europe market. Vital service is then Netflix, which represents the fastest-expanding on-demand service. Diploma thesis in the second part deals with on-demand services - the development of these services, and the limitations of the current situation. The thesis also deals with HBO position in relation to the video-on-demand. The cable television offers to its subscribers a complementary service HBO GO, and since 2015 also a stand-alone service called HBO Now, which is for the first time available for non-subscribers of cable television. The final part is therefore devoted to the future outlook of HBO. The author sees a successful future of cable television in combination of linear broadcast, VOD service with a friendly user interface and original production, in which is necessary to keep the edgy concept and follow the pattern of previous years, in which HBO actually offered in comparison to other broadcasters truely different production.

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Holmes, Donna Leanne. "Old company records: The effect of custodial history on the arrangement and description of selected archival collections of business records." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/23.

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This thesis takes up Terry Cook's idea that through their work, archivists are active shapers rather than passive keepers. In taking this idea further, this thesis discusses case studies comparing the custodial history of the records of four companies that were created in the seventeenth century. Consideration is given to how archival practitioners influenced the arrangement and description of the records of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), the English East India Company (EIC), the Royal African Company (RAC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) during critical periods of their custodial history.

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Nitsche, Robert. "Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductors: from Submonolayers to Crystalline Films." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979835186.

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Nitsche, Robert. "Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductors: from Submonolayers to Crystalline Films." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1147356837431-39487.

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We have measured the optical properties of films of the organic semiconductors PTCDA (3,4:9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride) and HBC (peri-hexabenzocoronene), prepared by Organic Molecular Beam Expitaxy (OMBE), on different substrates by means of Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The optical setup enables us to directly follow the thickness dependent optical properties of the organic films, starting from submonolayer coverage up to thicker films on the order of 20 monolayers (ML) film thickness. Due to the different optical nature of the different substrates used, i.e., mica, glass, Au(111), and HOPG, the direct interpretation of the DRS signal is not feasible. Therefore, we have proposed a method by which the calculation of the optical constants n (index of refraction) and k (absorption index) of thin films on arbitrary substrates from just one spectral measurement (in our case the DRS) becomes possible. The results fulfill a priori a Kramers-Kronig consistency and no specific model is needed to express the spectral behavior of the optical constants. Based on our method, we have successfully calculated the optical constants, and therefore the absorption behavior, of films of different thickness of PTCDA on mica, glass, Au(111), and HOPG, as well as of HBC on mica, glass, and HOPG. Extrinsic effects due to island growth or the presence of a polarizable substrate (screening) have been accounted for. We have introduced a finite dipole model which considers the extended geometry and anisotropy of the organic molecules. The calculated absorption behavior is discussed in great detail in terms of spectral changes with varying film thickness, different growth modes, degree of ordering of the films, interactions with the substrates and oscillator strength. A direct observation of a monomer-dimer transition in solid films could be observed for the first time. Our results indicate an exciton delocalization over about 4 molecules for both molecules.

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Mohammed, Essam Mohammed Ahmed. "The effect of APOBEC3 deaminases on HBV replication and the role of HBx in the inhibition of RNA interference and in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485554.

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Hepatitis B is one of the world's major infectious diseases. Some 350 million people are chronic carriers of the virus (HBV), a significant minority go on to develop cirrhosis or cancer of the liver and over 1 million die annually from HBV liver disease. An effective vaccine has been available for nearly 20 years, however, vaccination cannot be used to treat established infections. The replication strategy of this virus has been described in detail, but virus-host interactions leading to acute and chronic disease are still poorly understood. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the interaction ofHBV, in particular the HBx protein, with recently identified anti-viral pathways (RNA interference and APOBEC3 deaminases) and the relationship of HBV proteins to viral pathogenesis. The DNA editing enzyme APOBEC3G has been shown to cause lethal G to A mutations in replicating retroviruses during reverse transcription. HBV replication involves a reverse transcription step and recent evidence indicates that APOBEC3G can also interfere with HBV replication. I hav(fr.shown by RT-PCR that HepG2 and Huh7, liver cell lines, express very little APOBEC3G mRNA. Consequently, to investigate the effect ofAPOBEC3 deaminases on HBV, using transient and long term HBV replication models, I have constructed recombinant adenoviruses that express APOBEC3 enzymes. The expression of APOBEC3 deaminases by these recombinant adenoviruses has been shown, by in situ immunostaining, in HepG2, Huh7 and HepG2.2.15 (a HBV producing cell line) cells ,with a transduction efficiency of about 95%. I have shown that APOBEC3G can inhibit HBV replication by up to 90% and it causes extensive G to A mutations in the HBV genome. Other members of the APOBEC3 family -APOBEC3B, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3F- can also inhibit HBV replication to different levels. Using purified APOBEC3G' protein and DNA oligonucleotides corresponding to HBV precore/core sequences I have shown, in a cell free assay that a G at position 1896 can be converted to an A This corresponds to the G to A mutation which is observed in patients who are chronically infected with HBV but have become HBeAg negative. The results of these experiments suggest that APOBEC3G might be responsible for the in vivo precore 1896 G to A mutation. lhave also shown that the expression ofAPOBEC3G in hepatoma cell lines resulted in a 25-60 % increase in the intracellular HBsAg, which is the direct result of the inhibition ofHBV virion maturation. Other experiments indicate that HBx has some inhibitory effects on RNA interference. Finally as part of a collaborative study with Dr. Betty Slagle, Baylor College' of Medicine, Texas, USA, a double-transgenic HCV/HBx mouse, which is predisposed to liver disease (steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma), has been shown to express HBx and HCV NS3 proteins by immunohistochemistry indicating that the co-expression of these proteins could have a synergistic effect leading to an increase in liver pathology.

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Andrigueti, Michelle. "Soroprevalência de marcadores da infecção pelo HBV, dos títulos de anti-HBS e cobertura vacinal em crianças e adolescentes filhos de mães soropositivas para o HIV." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/168043.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2016.
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Introdução: As infecções pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana adquirida (HIV) são problemas mundiais de saúde pública. O HBV e o HIV partilham das mesmas vias de transmissão, o que torna bastante frequente a coinfecção por esses dois vírus. Crianças e adolescentes, filhos de mães soropositivas para o HIV apresentam elevado risco de contaminação também pelo HBV. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a prevalência dos marcadores de infecção e imunidade pelo vírus da hepatite B e a cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B em crianças e adolescentes, filhos de mães soropositivas para o HIV, atendidos no Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro a outubro de 2015, e participaram deste, 104 pacientes, com idade entre 0 e 15 anos, filhos de mães comprovadamente soropositivas para o HIV. Dados sóciodemográficos foram obtidos dos pacientes. Os marcadores da hepatite B, HBsAg, anti-HBc e anti-HBs foram realizadas através da metodologia de imunoensaio de micropartículas por quimioluminescência (CMIA), utilizando o equipamento ADVIA Centaur XP, e reagentes, controles e calibradores SIEMENS®. Resultados: Não se verificou prevalência dos marcadores HBsAg e anti-HBc total. O marcador de imunidade anti-HBs, apresentou prevalência de 59,6% nos pacientes estudados; 43,3% dos pacientes estudados apresentavam títulos iguais ou maiores que 10,0 mUI/mL, em 16,3% os títulos estavam entre 3,1 e 10,0 mUI/mL e em 40,4% o título foi menor que 3,1 mUI/mL. A cobertura vacinal foi de 70,58%. Conclusões: A prevalência dos marcadores HBsAg e anti-HBc total observada foi menor que os resultados verificados em 1999 e 2014, em estudos feitos na mesma região, tendo como população alvo os adultos infectados pelo HIV e crianças e adolescentes da população em geral. Considerando o que foi verificado nas carteiras de vacinação, a cobertura vacinal da população estudada, foi de 70,58%. Contudo, se considerarmos esta cobertura vacinal e o percentual de pacientes que apresentaram títulos de anti-HBs, mas não apresentaram carteira de vacinação, a cobertura pode ser estimada em 92,9%.
Abstract : Introduction: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) virus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. HBV and HIV share the same transmission routes, making it common coinfection by these two viruses. For this reason, children and adolescents, born from HIV-positive mothers are at high risk also for HBV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection and immunity markers of hepatitis B virus and the vaccine coverage against hepatitis B in children and adolescents, born from HIV-positive mothers, accepted at Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Methods: The study was performed from January to October 2015, and 104 patients were enrolled, between 0 and 15 years of age, born from proven HIV-positive mothers. Demographic social data were collected from patients. The blood tests included HBsAg, Total anti-HBc and anti-HBs were performed by Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay by ADVIA Centaur XP SIEMENS®.Results: There was not prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc in this study. Marker of immunity anti-HBs had a prevalence of 59.6% in the studied patients; 43.3% of patients had equal or higher titers than 10.0 mIU/ml, in 16.3% of titers were between 3.1 and 10.0 mIU/mL and 40.4% titers was lower than 3.1 mIU / mL. Vaccination coverage was 70,58%.Conclusions: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc is lower than the results recorded in 1999 and 2014 in studies in the same area, targeting the HIV-infected adults population and children and adolescents of general population. Considering what was found in the vaccination record cards, vaccination coverage of the population studied was 70,58%. However, if we consider this vaccination coverage and the percentage of patients who had anti-HBs titles, but did not have vaccination records, this coverage could be estimated at 92.9%.

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Sundaravadivel, Prabha. "Application-Specific Things Architectures for IoT-Based Smart Healthcare Solutions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157532/.

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Human body is a complex system organized at different levels such as cells, tissues and organs, which contributes to 11 important organ systems. The functional efficiency of this complex system is evaluated as health. Traditional healthcare is unable to accommodate everyone's need due to the ever-increasing population and medical costs. With advancements in technology and medical research, traditional healthcare applications are shaping into smart healthcare solutions. Smart healthcare helps in continuously monitoring our body parameters, which helps in keeping people health-aware. It provides the ability for remote assistance, which helps in utilizing the available resources to maximum potential. The backbone of smart healthcare solutions is Internet of Things (IoT) which increases the computing capacity of the real-world components by using cloud-based solutions. The basic elements of these IoT based smart healthcare solutions are called "things." Things are simple sensors or actuators, which have the capacity to wirelessly connect with each other and to the internet. The research for this dissertation aims in developing architectures for these things, focusing on IoT-based smart healthcare solutions. The core for this dissertation is to contribute to the research in smart healthcare by identifying applications which can be monitored remotely. For this, application-specific thing architectures were proposed based on monitoring a specific body parameter; monitoring physical health for family and friends; and optimizing the power budget of IoT body sensor network using human body communications. The experimental results show promising scope towards improving the quality of life, through needle-less and cost-effective smart healthcare solutions.

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Regiani, Anelise Maria. "Eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos à base de polissacarídeos: síntese e caracterização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-18092001-165107/.

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A síntese e a caracterização de um novo tipo de eletrólito sólido polimérico são descritas neste trabalho. Os materiais preparados consistiram de filmes de hidroxietil celulose ou hidroxipropil celulose entrecruzadas com diisocianatos de poli(óxido de etileno) e poli(óxido de propileno) ou enxertadas com monoisocianato de poli(óxido de propileno). Todos estes isocianatos foram sintetizados a partir das respectivas aminas comerciais. Filmes de hidroxietil celulose entrecruzada com hexametileno diisocianato ou enxertados com fenil isocianato também foram estudados. Como técnicas de caracterização foram utilizadas espectroscopia no infravermelho, no ultravioleta e de ressonância magnética nuclear, análises térmicas e difração de raios-X. Os filmes dopados com LiClO4 foram caracterizados utilizando-se as mesmas técnicas e a condutividade foi determinada através do método de impedância complexa. Os resultados foram da ordem de 10-5 Scm-1 a 60oC. Este valor permitiu concluir que as cadeias de derivado de celulose parecem não influenciar no fenômeno de condução; aparentemente este encontra-se mais relacionado ao tipo de isocianato utilizado na formação do filme. Os resultados de condutividade e de mobilidade de cadeia polimérica indicam que os sistemas aqui estudados podem ser aplicados como eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos. Os filmes com isocianatos comerciais, no entanto não apresentaram resultado de condução interessante.
The synthesis and characterization of new types of solid polymer electrolytes based on hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose grafted with different polyethers were investigated. The synthesis is based on the reaction between the cellulose derivative and mono and difunctional isocyanates prepared from amines of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. It were also synthesized films of hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted with hexamethylene diisocyanate and phenylisocyanate. These materials were characterized through techniques of infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic ressonance spectroscopies, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The films of polysaccharide and polyether that contained LiClO4 showed conductivity values of the order of 10-5 Scm-1 at 60oC. The value of this parameter seems to be independent of the cellulose derivative parameters and it is better related to the type of isocyanate grafted on the polysaccharide chain. The conductivity and chain mobility results show that the systems studied here can be applied as solid polymer electrolytes. The materials synthesized using commercial isocyanates as grafting reactant did not show interesting conductivity response.

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Mouzannar, Karim. "Identification du récepteur nucléaire des acides biliaires FXR alpha comme facteur proviral pour le virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1098/document.

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L'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) est un problème de santé publique majeur avec plus de 257 millions de porteurs chroniques dans le monde ayant un risque important de développer une cirrhose et/ou un hépatocarcinome. L'histoire naturelle de l'infection est très différente selon l'âge auquel l'infection est contractée. Alors que chez l'adulte l'infection est spontanément résolutive dans la majorité des cas, la contamination materno-infantile ou en bas âge aboutit le plus souvent à une infection chronique. Le cccDNA est la forme de persistance du génome viral dans les hépatocytes infectés et la base de transcription de tous les ARN viraux. La protéine virale HBx joue un rôle crucial dans le recrutement des facteurs épigénétiques sur le cccDNA et favorise son activité transcriptionnelle. Les traitements actuels à base d'interféron et d'analogues nucléos(t)idiques ne permettent pas l'éradication du cccDNA et leur interruption est presque toujours suivie d'une réactivation de la réplication du virus. De nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques ciblant le cccDNA sont donc nécessaires pour espérer obtenir une cure fonctionnelle chez les patients chroniquement infectés. Il existe des liens étroits entre l'infection par le VHB et le métabolisme des acides biliaires (AB). Ainsi, notre équipe a précédemment montré que le récepteur nucléaire des acides biliaires, le farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha) se fixe sur deux éléments de réponse présents dans la région Enhancer II - promoteur de Core du génome viral et module son activité transcriptionnelle. De plus, le VHB et les AB entrent en compétition pour le même récepteur d'entrée hépatocytaire NTCP, modifiant la concentration cellulaire des AB avec des conséquences sur la fonction et l'expression de FXRalpha. Enfin, HBx interagit avec FXRalphaet modifie son activité. Au cours de cette thèse nous avons dans un premier temps identifié une régulation réciproque existante entre la réplication du VHB et FXRalpha. Puis nous avons montré in vitro, dans des cellules HepaRG différenciées et des hépatocytes primaires humains, que FXRalphaest un facteur proviral pour le VHB et que les agonistes de FXRalpha inhibent l'expression de l'ensemble des marqueurs viraux de manière dépendante ou indépendante de la protéine virale HBx. Enfin, dans un modèle in vivo de souris C3H/HeN transduites par un vecteur recombinant AAV2/8-VHB, nous avons obtenu l'effet inhibiteur des agonistes de FXRalphamais uniquement chez les souris adultes et pas chez les souris jeunes. Compte tenu de l'évolution de la flore intestinale avec l'âge et de son importance dans le métabolisme des AB, ces résultats suggèrent que le fort taux d'évolution chronique chez les jeunes enfants pourrait être lié à l'immaturité du métabolisme des AB. La mise en évidence d'un lien entre microbiote, métabolisme des AB et infection par le VHB contribuerait grandement à une meilleure compréhension de l'histoire naturelle de cette infection. De plus, l'identification de FXRalphacomme un facteur de l'hôte favorisant l'infection et l'existence de molécules capables de moduler l'activité de FXRalphasuggèrent que FXRalphapourrait constituer une cible thérapeutique intéressante ciblant le cccDNA et permettant d'améliorer le traitement des patients infectés par le VHB
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with more than 257 million chronic carriers worldwide that remain at significant risk for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The natural history of infection is very different depending on the age at which the infection is contracted. Whereas in adults most HBV infections spontaneously resolve, in infants and young children they usually result in chronic infection. cccDNA is the molecular form of viral persistence in infected hepatocytes and serves as a transcription template for all viral RNAs. The viral protein HBx plays a crucial role in the recruitment of epigenetic factors to the cccDNA and promotes its transcriptional activity. Currently, interferon and nucleot(s)ide analogues are the first-line agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B without allowing eradication of cccDNA and their interruption are almost always followed by a reactivation of the replication of the virus. New therapeutic molecules targeting cccDNA are therefore needed to hope for a functional cure in chronically infected patients. HBV infection and bile acid (BA) metabolism are tightly linked. Therefore, our team has previously shown that the bile acid nuclear receptor, the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha) bind to two response elements present in the Enhancer II - Core promoter region of HBV genome and modulate its transcriptional activity. Moreover, HBV and BA compete for the same entry receptor of hepatocytes NTCP and modify BA cell concentration with consequences on the function and expression of FXRalpha. Finally, HBx interacts with FXRalpha and modify its activity. During my PhD. we have first identified a reciprocal regulation between HBV replication and FXRalpha. Second, we have showed in vitro, in HepaRG differentiated cells and in primary human hepatocytes, that FXRalpha is a proviral factor for HBV and that FXRalpha agonists inhibit the expression of all HBV markers in a dependent or independent manner of the viral protein HBx. Finally, in an in vivo model of C3H/HeN mice transduced with a recombinant AAV2/8-HBV vector, we obtained the inhibitory effect of FXRalpha agonists but only in adult and not in young mice. Considering the evolution of the gut flora with age and its importance in the metabolism of BA, these results suggest that the high rate of chronic progression in young children might be related to the immaturity of BA metabolism. The identification of a link between BA metabolism, gut microbiome composition and evolution of HBV infection will represent a big step toward the understanding of HBV natural history. Moreover, the identification of FXRalpha as a proviral factor for HBV and the capacity of FXRalpha ligands to modulate the transcriptional activity of cccDNA suggest that FXR ligands might represent a new class of molecules with the aim to obtain functional cure for HBV infected patients

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45

Brubäcken, Pär. "Hbt i skolan : En undersökning av lärares arbete med hbt-frågor och heteronorm." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-80529.

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En studie av hur lärare på gymnasiet arbetar med synliggörande av elever som identifierar sig som homo- och bisexuella eller transpersoner och motverkande av heteronorm. Vidare undersöker studien elevernas uppfattning av skolans och lärarnas arbete och kunskaper i hbt-frågor. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lärarna arbetar med värdegrundsfrågor, speciellt hbt-frågor, vilken kompetens kring hbt-frågor de anser sig ha och hur miljön för bht-personer är på skolan. Mot detta ställs liknande frågor till eleverna för att kunna jämföra lärarnas uppfattning av sitt arbete mot hur eleverna uppfattar det. Studien bestod av intervjuer med sex lärare, sex elever och en skolsköterska. Undersökningen visar att lärarna på den undersökta skolan är dåliga på att inkludera hbt-perspektivet i sin undervisning och på så sätt synliggöra dessa ungdomar. Undervisningen sker i de flesta fall heteronormativt och få av de intervjuade lärarna inkluderar hbt-perspektiv i sin undervisning. Undersökningen visar också att trots brister på synliggörande av hbt-personer i undervisningen är lärarna duktiga på att bemöta elever som identifierar sig utanför heteronormen och hbt-eleverna vågar i stor utsträckning vara öppna på skolan. Intervjuerna har skett på en liten skola med ungefär 250 elever belägen i en mellanstor svensk kommun.

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Chen, Dawei. "The role of HBD-2 and HBD-3 in human T cell development." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5121/.

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Human β-defensins (hBDs) are a family of cationic peptides able to directly kill a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition to their antimicrobial activities, defensins also contribute to the modulation of both the host innate and adaptive immunity. In this project, we demonstrate that the αCD3/28 co-stimulation of human CD4+ T cells in the presence of 10μg/ml hBD-2 or hBD-3 together causes an up-regulation in numbers of CD4+CD69+CD25+ and CD4+CD69-CD25+ T cell subsets, indicating that the treatment of hBD-2 and 3 enhances CD4+ T cell activation. Consistent with this finding, proliferation assay using CFSE suggests that hBD-2 and hBD-3 treatment in vitro induces the proliferation of CD4+ T cells following by 96hrs culture. Analysis of expression of the regulatory T cells (Tregs) specific marker, FoxP3, reveals a shift in the CD4+CD127-CD25+ Treg subset at 18hrs. However, at the later time point, we found that the percentage of FoxP3+cells decreased in the CD4+CD127-CD25+ Treg population, whereas the presence of the FoxP3+CTLA-4+ Treg subset increased. These data indicate that Treg suppressive function may be potentially defective following the co-incubation of purified T cells with either hBD-2 or hBD-3 for 42hrs in vitro due to the apparent loss of FoxP3 expression. We further characterise the role of hBD-2 and hBD-3 in driving human CD4+ T cells polarisation. Our in vitro data suggests that treatment with hBD-2 and hBD-3 can not only induces effector T cell (Teff) differentiation into RORγt+T-bet+ (Th17/Th1) cells, but can also trigger the differentiation of Treg expressing RORγt and T-bet rather than the master controller of Treg function, FoxP3. This apparent plasticity of T cell phenotype allows them to convert from Treg to Th1/17-like effector T cell phenotype following 18hrs in culture. By 42hrs in culture, treatment with hBD-2 and hBD-3 induced both Teff cell and Treg cell differentiation towards the Th17-like phenotype. Compared with the treatment with hBD-2, treatment with hBD-3 induced a more pronounced effect to increase levels of RORγt in CD4+ T cells. This elevated expression may, in turn, be responsible for the induction of higher IL-17A secretion. Consistent with this idea, it was found that treatment with hBD-3 but not hBD-2 was capable of inducing the higher level of secretion of IL-17A. Additionally, treatment with hBD-3 induced an increased expression of IL-6, which is capable of driving the differentiation of naïve T cells towards IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Functionally, using the Treg suppression assay, the data suggested that hBD-2 may dampen down Treg cell ability to induce suppression of Teff cell activity. Interestingly, co-culture with hBD-2 would also appear to increase Teff cell resistance to Treg immunoregulation in vitro. Further investigation using microarray gene analysis revealed chemokine C-C motif ligand 1 (CCL1) as potential genes responding to hBD-2 treatment. The blockade of CCL1 has been reported to inhibit Treg suppressive function. Thus, this study explored the function of these antimicrobial candidates in regulating CD4+ T cell plasticity which could result in hBD-2 and hBD-3 being able to regulate its own production, but also may regulate Treg and Teff cell development and function, thus strengthening the link between innate and adaptive immunity.

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Wagner, Christian. "Potential Energy Minimization as the Driving Force for Order and Disorder in Organic Layers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38242.

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The topic of this work is the structural characterization and theoretical modeling of organic single and heterolayers. The growth of sub-monolayers and monolayers (ML) of the two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons quaterrylene (QT) and hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) on Ag(111) and Au(111) was investigated. A transition from a disordered, isotropic phase to an ordered phase with increasing coverage was found. The lattice of the ordered phase turned out to be coverage dependent. The intermolecular potential was modeled including Coulomb and van der Waals interaction by a force-field approach. The postulated repulsive character of the potential could be connected to the non-uniform intramolecular charge distribution and to a screening of the van der Waals forces. Furthermore, the influence of the variable lattice constant on the epitaxial growth of HBC was studied. The second part of this work deals with a ML of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on a ML of HBC. In dependency on the initial lattice constant of HBC, a total of three line-on-line (LOL) and point-on-line coincident phases of PTCDA (with respect to HBC) was found. Following an analysis of the general properties of LOL coincident systems via force-field calculations, a new method to predict the structure of such systems is introduced
Thema dieser Arbeit ist die strukturelle Charakterisierung von organischen Einfach- und Heterolagen sowie deren theoretische Beschreibung und Modellierung. Es wurden Submonolagen und Monolagen (ML) der polyzyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffe Quaterrylen (QT) und Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronen (HBC) auf Ag(111) und Au(111) Einkristallen untersucht und ein Übergang von einer ungeordneten, isotropen Phase zu einer geordneten Phase mit steigender Bedeckung beobachtet. Die geordnete Phase wies dabei bedeckungsabhängige Gitterkonstanten auf. Das intermolekulare Potential wurde unter Berücksichtigung von Coulomb und van der Waals Anteilen mittels Kraftfeldmethoden modelliert. Der postulierte repulsive Charakter des Potentials konnte auf die Ladungsverteilung im Molekül und eine Abschwächung des van der Waals Potentials zurückgeführt werden. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der variablen HBC Gitterkonstante auf die epitaktische Relation des Gitters zum Metallsubstrat untersucht. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung einer ML 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydrid (PTCDA) auf einer ML HBC. Dabei wurden, in Abhängigkeit von der HBC Gitterkonstante, insgesamt drei verschiedene Typen von line-on-line bzw. point-on-line Epitaxie nachgewiesen. Im Anschluss an eine Analyse der generellen Eigenschaften solcher epitaktischer Lagen mittels Kraftfeldrechnungen wird eine neue Methode zur Vorhersage der Struktur konkreter Systeme vorgestellt

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Schmidt, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Karl-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Weitzel. "Untersuchung der Ionen-Molekül-Systeme HBr+ (DBr+) + HBr sowie HBr+ + HCl (DCl) auf der Basis rotationszustandsselektierter Ionen / Sebastian Schmidt ; Betreuer: Karl-Michael Weitzel." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239240007/34.

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Stenback, Rachel Elisabeth. "H.C. Andersen : en etnologisk sagostudie." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4710.

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Blücker, Lina, and Andrea Kindstrand. "HBT-certifiering av Sollentuna bibliotek." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36397.

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The public libraries in Sweden has an obligation to serve all of its citizens, but despite of this they often fail to include their LGBTQ-patrons. Since the year of 2008 RFSL (the Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights) have arranged a specially designed certification-process based on normcritical criterias that a chosen institution should fulfill to make their work more inclusive for LGBTQ-people. Sollentuna is the first municipal in Sweden to certificate all of their libraries. This study aims to examine what the certification have meant for the public library in Sollentuna and how a normcritical view can contribute to include LGBTQ-patrons at the library. As a method we used a qualitative interview-study to get a full picture of the certification-process and its influence on the public library of Sollentuna. Our main source of information has been through interviews with four individuals who have been involved in or has experience of the certification-process. As a theoretical framework we used queer-theory to understand how a normcritical perspective can influence the daily work in the library. The results showed that the certification has made the library staff aware of the social norms they have been replicate. We have come to the conclusion that the certification is a good entrance for public libraries to start implementing a normcritical view in their daily work for inclusion of a wide range of minority groups.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HBC'

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