Journal articles: 'HDPE'

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Yang, Hong Wei, Shi Liang Yang, Chao Wu, Yi Wei Fei, and Xian Yong Wei. "The Applications of Direct Fluorinated HDPE in Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2436.

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Characteristics of elemental fluorine and carbon-fluorine bonds were analyzed. The barrier and oil-resistance properties of direct fluorination of HDOE were unveiled from molecule structure. The HDPE surface fluorination results in the increase of surface energy, cross link to some extent and shrinkage of polymer free volume.The application of direct fluorination of HDPE in oil in oil ＆ gas storage and transportation fields were reviewed, including oil and gas pipe,plastic petrol-tanks and HDPE impermeable membrane applied in oil tank foundation. After direct fluorination processing, the anti-corrosion and the permeability to hydrocarbons of HDPE pipes are strengthened. With the development of technology, it will be the trend that the multi-layer fuel tanks replace the single layer fuel tanks. The HDPE is applied as the outermost layer of multi-layer structure to ensure the processing property and the impact resistance in low temperature.

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Mizera, Ales, Lovre Krstulovic-Opara, Nina Krempl, Michaela Karhankova, Miroslav Manas, Lubomir Sanek, Pavel Stoklasek, and Alen Grebo. "Dynamic Behavior of Thermally Affected Injection-Molded High-Density Polyethylene Parts Modified by Accelerated Electrons." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224970.

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Polyethylenes are the most widely used polymers and are gaining more and more interest due to their easy processability, relatively good mechanical properties and excellent chemical resistance. The disadvantage is their low temperature stability, which excludes particular high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) for use in engineering applications where the temperature exceeds 100 °C for a long time. One of the possibilities of improving the temperature stability of HDPE is a modification by accelerated electrons when HDPE is cross-linked by this process and it is no longer possible to process it like a classic thermoplastic, e.g., by injection technology. The HDPE modified in this way was thermally stressed five times at temperatures of 110 and 160 °C, and then the dynamic tensile behavior was determined. The deformation and surface temperature of the specimens were recorded by a high-speed infrared camera. Furthermore, two thermal methods of specimen evaluation were used: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result of the measurement is that the modification of HDPE by accelerated electrons had a positive effect on the dynamic tensile behavior of these materials.

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Aontee, Ajcharaporn, and Wimonlak Sutapun. "A Study of Compatibilization Effect on Physical Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) and High Density Polyethylene Blend." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.51.

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The aim of this research is to improve compatibility of PBS/HDPE blend using HDPE-g-MAH as a compatibilizer. The effect of HDPE-g-MAH content on mechanical and thermal properties, and degree of crystallinity of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blend was investigated. The blends were prepared at PBS/HDPE weight ratio of 30/70 and HDPE-g-MAH was used at a content of 2, 4, 6 and 8 part per hundred of PBS and HDPE. The results showed that yield strength and stress at break of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blends insignificantly increased with adding HDPE-g-MAH more than 2 phr. In addition, addition of HDPE-g-MAH to the binary blends led to an increase of elongation at break while Young’s modulus of blends exhibited an insignificant change. The addition of HDPE-g-MAH into PBS/HDPE blend did not affect both flexural modulus and flexural strength. In addition, unnotched impact strength of the blends greatly increased with increasing HDPE-g-MAH content and PBS/HDPE blend containing 8 phr of HDPE-g-MAH were not fractured within the instrument limit. For thermal properties, the presence of HDPE-g-MAH did not affect degradation temperature of PBS domain and HDPE matrix. HDPE-g-MAH of 8 phr markedly influenced the degree of crystallinity of the PBS and HDPE.

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Abeysinghe, Sonali, Chamila Gunasekara, Chaminda Bandara, Kate Nguyen, Ranjith Dissanayake, and Priyan Mendis. "Engineering Performance of Concrete Incorporated with Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)—A Systematic Review." Polymers 13, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111885.

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Incorporating recycled plastic waste in concrete manufacturing is one of the most ecologically and economically sustainable solutions for the rapid trends of annual plastic disposal and natural resource depletion worldwide. This paper comprehensively reviews the literature on engineering performance of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) incorporated in concrete in the forms of aggregates or fiber or cementitious material. Optimum 28-days’ compressive and flexural strength of HDPE fine aggregate concrete is observed at HDPE-10 and splitting tensile strength at HDPE-5 whereas for HDPE coarse aggregate concrete, within the range of 10% to 15% of HDPE incorporation and at HDPE-15, respectively. Similarly, 28-days’ flexural and splitting tensile strength of HDPE fiber reinforced concrete is increased to an optimum of 4.9 MPa at HDPE-3 and 4.4 MPa at HDPE-3.5, respectively, and higher than the standard/plain concrete matrix (HDPE-0) in all HDPE inclusion levels. Hydrophobicity, smooth surface texture and non-reactivity of HDPE has resulted in weaker bonds between concrete matrix and HDPE and thereby reducing both mechanical and durability performances of HDPE concrete with the increase of HDPE. Overall, this is the first ever review to present and analyze the current state of the mechanical and durability performance of recycled HDPE as a sustainable construction material, hence, advancing the research into better performance and successful applications of HDPE concrete.

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Buakaew, Wanikorn, Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn, Nitinat Suppakarn, and Wimonlak Sutapun. "Effect of Compatibilizers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of High Density Polyethylene Filled with Bio-Filler from Eggshell." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.57.

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In this research work, the effect of compatibilizers on mechanical and thermal properties of ESP/HDPE composites was investigated. High density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MA) and ethylene propylene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (EPR-g-MA) were used to compatibilize the ESP/HDPE composites. The ESP/HDPE composite with and without the compatibilizes was prepared at 20 wt.% ESP. The volume average particle size of ESP was 20.35 µm. The compatibilized HDPE composites were prepared at 2, 5, 8 and 10 wt.% of HDPE-g-MA and at 2, 5, 8 and 10 wt.% of EPR-g-MA, as well. It was found that ultimate stress, yield strength, and elongation at break of the ESP/HDPE composites prepared with HDPE-g-MA increased with increasing HDPE-g-MA content. In addition, Young’s modulus was maximum at 8 wt.% HDPE-g-MA. The composites filled with HDPE-g-MA had improved impact strength with increasing HDPE-g-MA content. On the other hand, the composites with EPR-g-MA showed a decrease in tensile properties and impact strength when increasing EPR-g-MA content. The impact strength of the HDPE composites compatibilized with EPR-g-MA decreased with increasing EPR-g-MA content. In addition, degree of crystallinity of the composites with EPR-g-MA was higher than that of the composite with HDPE-g-MA. Furthermore, compatibilizing ESP/HDPE composites with either HDPE-g-MA or EPR-g-MA did not influence HDPE and ESP decomposition temperatures, HDPE melting temperature and HDPE crystallization temperature.

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Aontee, Ajcharaporn, and Wimonlak Sutapun. "Effect of Blend Ratio on Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Poly (Butylene Succinate) Blend." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.555.

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In this work, the effect of HDPE and PBS blend ratio on mechanical properties and phase morphology of the blend was investigated. HDPE/PBS blends were prepared at HDPE content of 20, 30, and 40 wt.% via melt mixing process and then molded using an injection machine. HDPE/PBS blend was an immiscible blend with a type of dispersed in matrix morphology and coalescence phase morphology depending on HDPE content. The blend morphology of 20 wt.% HDPE/PBS blend was a type of spherical domain dispersed in the PBS matrix. As increase HDPE content, the dispersed HDPE particles became larger and the shape turned into worm-like and elongated structure. In addition, at 40 wt.% HDPE, coalescence phase morphology was obtained. It was found that the PBS blends containing 30-40 wt.% HDPE did not show yield point; they exhibited brittle failure behavior. For tensile properties, yield strength and stress at break of HDPE/PBS blend gradually decreased with increasing HDPE content. However, addition of HDPE into PBS matrix resulted in an increase of Youngs modulus of the PBS blend. Impact strength of the blends was much lower than that of neat PBS but the impact strength of the blend insignificant changed with 30-40 wt.% HDPE comparing to that with 20 wt.% HDPE.

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Suksiripattanapong, Cherdsak, Khanet Uraikhot, Sermsak Tiyasangthong, Nattiya Wonglakorn, Wisitsak Tabyang, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, and Chayakrit Phetchuay. "Performance of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Reinforced with High-Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste." Infrastructures 7, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7050072.

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This research investigates the possibility of using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste to improve the properties of asphalt concrete pavement. HDPE plastic waste contents of 1, 3, 5, and 7% by aggregate weight were used. HDPE plastic waste=stabilized asphalt concrete pavement (HDPE-ACP) was evaluated by performance testing for stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus (MR), and indirect tensile fatigue (ITF). In addition, microstructure, pavement age, and CO2 emissions savings analyses were conducted. The performance test results of the HDPE-ACP were better than those without HDPE plastic waste. The optimum HDPE plastic waste content was 5%, offering the maximum MR, ITF, and pavement age. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the excessive HDPE plastic waste content of 7% caused a surface rupture of the sample. Improvements in the pavement age of the HDPE-ACP samples were observed compared with the samples with no HDPE plastic waste. The highest pavement age of the HDPE-ACP sample was found at an HDPE plastic waste content of 5% by aggregate weight. The CO2 emissions savings of the sample was 67.85 kg CO2-e/m3 at the optimum HDPE plastic waste content.

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Tuan, Vu Manh, Da Woon Jeong, Ho Joon Yoon, SangYong Kang, Nguyen Vu Giang, Thai Hoang, Tran Ich Thinh, and Myung Yul Kim. "Using Rutile TiO2Nanoparticles Reinforcing High Density Polyethylene Resin." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/758351.

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The TiO2nanoparticles were used as a reinforcement to prepare nanocomposites with high density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending process. The original TiO2(ORT) was modified by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPMS) to improve the dispersion into HDPE matrix. The FT-IR spectroscopy and FESEM micrographs of modified TiO2(GRT) demonstrated that GPMS successfully grafted with TiO2nanoparticles. The tensile test of HDPE/ORT and HDPE/GRT nanocomposites with various contents of dispersive particles indicated that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of HDPE/GRT nanocomposites are superior to the values of original HDPE and HDPE/ORT nanocomposites. At 1 wt.% of GRT, the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were optimal. In DSC and TGA analyses, with the presence of GRT in the nanocomposites, the thermal stability significantly increased in comparison with pure HDPE and HDPE/ORT nanocomposites. The better dispersion of GRT in polymer matrix as shown in FESEM images demonstrated the higher mechanical properties of HDPE/GRT nanocomposites to HDPE/ORT nanocomposites.

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9

Fan, Wei Hua, Ren Jie Wang, Yu Kun Liu, Kai Guo, Jin Zhou Chen, and Jing Wu Wang. "Study on the MFR of HDPE/E-TMB Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.411.

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HDPE/E-TMB and HDPE/E-SMB blends are prepared by thermal mechanical blending of toughening master batch (E-TMB) with HDPE and simple blending master batch (E-SMB) with HDPE, respectively. The difference of the melt flow rate between HDPE/E-TMB and HDPE/E-SMB blends was studied. The effects of the elastomer ratios and the ratios of matrix resin to elastomer of E-TMB, the types and the amount of anti-crosslinker of E-TMB, the elastomer content of HDPE/E-TMB blends on the melt flow rate (MFR) of HDPE/E-TMB blends were discussed.

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Blom, H. P., J. W. Teh, and A. Rudin. "iPP/HDPE blends: Interactions at lower HDPE contents." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58, no. 6 (November 7, 1995): 995–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580605.

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Li, Ya Na, Yan Zheng Sun, and Yan Song Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Zn-Coated High Density Polyethylene Films by Vacuum Evaporation Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.171.

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Zn-coated HDPE films with different amount of zinc deposition were prepared via vacuum evaporation technology. AFM images showed that the size of Zn particles was decreasing evidently with the increase of the amount of Zn deposition on HDPE substrate. The Zn-coated HDPE films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, especially for S. aureus. Compared with the HDPE film, the improvement of the barrier properties of the Zn-coated HDPE films was observed. Moreover, the barrier properties of the Zn-coated HDPE films were increasing with the elevation of the Zn content on HDPE films. The as-prepared Zn-coated HDPE films have a promising foreground applied in food packaging.

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Ito, Asae, Akid Ropandi, Koichi Kono, Yusuke Hiejima, and Koh-hei Nitta. "Additive Effects of Solid Paraffins on Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene." Polymers 15, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051320.

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In this work, two types of solid paraffins (i.e., linear and branched) were added to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to investigate their effects on the dynamic viscoelasticity and tensile properties of HDPE. The linear and branched paraffins exhibited high and low crystallizability, respectively. The spherulitic structure and crystalline lattice of HDPE are almost independent of the addition of these solid paraffins. The linear paraffin in the HDPE blends exhibited a melting point at 70 °C in addition to the melting point of HDPE, whereas the branched paraffins showed no melting point in the HDPE blend. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical spectra of the HDPE/paraffin blends exhibited a novel relaxation between −50 °C and 0 °C, which was absent in HDPE. Adding linear paraffin toughened the stress–strain behavior of HDPE by forming crystallized domains in the HDPE matrix. In contrast, branched paraffins with lower crystallizability compared to linear paraffin softened the stress–strain behavior of HDPE by incorporating them into its amorphous layer. The mechanical properties of polyethylene-based polymeric materials were found to be controlled by selectively adding solid paraffins with different structural architectures and crystallinities.

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Viegas, Monica Natalia Melenia, Akhmad Maliki, and Akbar Bayu Kresno Suharso. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PLASTIK JENIS HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) DENGAN PASIR LAUT TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN LAPIS PERKERASAN ASPAL BETON." axial : jurnal rekayasa dan manajemen konstruksi 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/axial.v10i1.2175.

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ABSTRAK: Agregat halus yang digunakan pada Laston biasanya berupa pasir sungai. Penggunaan pasir sungai saat ini menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem sungai tersebut sehingga perlu memanfaatkan pasir laut yang relatif masih memungkinkan untuk dieksploitasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pasir laut untuk campuran aspal serta penambahan berupa plastik jenis HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan berbagai karakteristik aspal, terutama dalam meningkatkan nilai stabilitas. Campuran agregat menggunakan pasir laut sebagai agregat halus dan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene dengan variasi kadar plastik yaitu 2, 4, 6 persen. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran aspal dengan pasir laut dan penambahan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene pada campuran aspal mempengaruhi nilai karakteristik Marshall. Nilai VMA terendah diperoleh pada HDPE 6 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 17,37 persen lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Nilai VIM terendah diperoleh pada HDPE 2 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 3 persen lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Nilai VFA tertinggi terletak pada HDPE 6 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 78,62 persen dan nilai terendah terletak pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 67,89 persen. Nilai stabilitas tertinggi terletak pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 1065,22 kg dan nilai terendah pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 941,718 kg. Nilai flow tertinggi pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 sebesar 3,8 mm dan nilai terendah terletak pada HDPE 0 persen dengan kadar aspal 4,5 persen sebesar 3,4 mm. Nilai Marshall quotient terendah terletak pada HDPE 4 persen dengan kadar aspal 5,5 persen sebesar 255,94 kg/mm lebih rendah dibanding aspal tanpa HDPE. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut diketahui bahwa campuran paling optimal yaitu pada campuran aspal dengan HDPE 4 persen yang dapat dilihat pada karaktersitik pengujian Marshall Kata Kunci : Aspal Beton, Marshall, HDPE,Pasir Laut

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Siriphannon, Punnama, and Suparat Rukchonlatee. "High Density Polyethylene/Calcium Silicate Hybrid Composite: Preparation, Characterization and <i>In-Vitro</i> Bioactivity." Materials Science Forum 1098 (September 29, 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-cld4fq.

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The high density polyethylene/calcium silicate (HDPE/CS) hybrid composites were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and shaped into test specimens using a compression molding machine. The CS loadings, limited to a total of 20 %vol, were incorporated in HDPE matrix. The morphological behavior, thermal behavior, mechanical properties and bioactivity of the composites were investigated and compared with the neat HDPE under identical conditions. It was found that poor dispersion of the CS particles was observed in the composites with high CS loadings because of only weak interaction between CS particles and HDPE. The percentage of HDPE crystallinity was insignificantly changed when adding CS particles in the HDPE/CS composites. The stiffness of the HDPE/CS hybrid composites was strongly improved and reached the maximum values of flexural and compressive moduli at 1190 MPa (35% greater than the neat HDPE) and 581 Ma (17% greater than the neat HDPE), respectively, with 15 % CS loading. The higher the CS loading, the greater the hardness of the HDPE/CS composites were seen. However, the flexural strength of the HDPE/CS composites (up to 15% CS loading) was not considerably altered. Moreover, both flexural and compressive properties were lowered with higher CS content (20%) due to the generated voids in the HDPE/CS composites. After soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36.5°C for 7–49 days, the HDPE/CS composites could induce the formation of ball-like HA aggregates covering on the composite surface, indicating its bioactivity. This research successfully prepared HDPE/CS hybrid composites with fast rate bioactivity and their modulus and strength values were within those for human trabecular bone. Therefore, the HDPE/CS hybrid composites had potentially used as bioactive materials for medical applications.

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Baimark, Yodthong, Prasong Srihanam, and Yaowalak Srisuwan. "Thermal, Morphological, Mechanical, and Biodegradation Properties of Poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide)/High-Density Polyethylene Blends." Polymers 16, no. 14 (July 21, 2024): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16142078.

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Polymer blends of poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with different blend ratios were prepared by a melt blending method. The thermal, morphological, mechanical, opacity, and biodegradation properties of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/HDPE blends were investigated and compared to the PLLA/HDPE blends. The blending of HDPE improved the crystallization ability and thermal stability of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA; however, these properties were not improved for the PLLA. The morphology of the blended films showed that the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/HDPE blends had smaller dispersed phases compared to the PLLA/HDPE blends. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA/HDPE blends exhibited higher flexibility, lower opacity, and faster biodegradation and bioerosion in soil than the PLLA/HDPE blends. Therefore, these PLLA-PEG-PLLA/HDPE blends have a good potential for use as flexible and partially biodegradable materials.

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Arcos, Camila, Lisa Muñoz, Deborah Cordova, Hugo Muñoz, Mariana Walter, Manuel I. Azócar, Ángel Leiva, Mamié Sancy, and Gonzalo Rodríguez-Grau. "The Effect of the Addition of Copper Particles in High-Density Recycled Polyethylene Matrices by Extrusion." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235220.

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In this study, the effect of the recycling process and copper particle incorporation on virgin and recycled pellet HDPE were investigated by thermo-chemical analysis, mechanical characterization, and antibacterial analysis. Copper particles were added to pellet HDPE, virgin and recycled, using a tabletop single screw extruder. Some copper particles, called copper nano-particles (Cu-NPs), had a spherical morphology and an average particle size near 20 nm. The others had a cubic morphology and an average particle size close to 300 nm, labeled copper nano-cubes (Cu-NCs). The thermo-chemical analysis revealed that the degree of crystallization was not influenced by the recycling process: 55.38 % for virgin HDPE and 56.01% for recycled HDPE. The degree of crystallization decreased with the addition of the copper particles. Possibly due to a modification in the structure, packaging organization, and crystalline ordering, the recycled HDPE reached a degree of crystallization close to 44.78% with 0.5 wt.% copper nano-particles and close to 36.57% for the recycled HDPE modified with 0.7 wt.% Cu-NCs. Tensile tests revealed a slight reduction in the tensile strength related to the recycling process, being close to 26 MPa for the virgin HDPE and 15.99 MPa for the recycled HDPE, which was improved by adding copper particles, which were near 25.39 MPa for 0.7 wt.% copper nano-cubes. Antibacterial analysis showed a reduction in the viability of E. coli in virgin HDPE samples, which was close to 8% for HDPE containing copper nano-particles and lower than 2% for HDPE having copper nano-cubes. In contrast, the recycled HDPE revealed viability close to 95% for HDPE with copper nano-particles and nearly 50% for HDPE with copper nano-cubes. The viability of S. aureus for HDPE was lower than containing copper nano-particles and copper nano-cubes, which increased dramatically close to 80% for recycled HDPE with copper nano-particles 80% and 75% with copper nano-cubes.

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Aizat, Emy Aizat, and A. G. Supri. "Tensile Properties, Swelling Behaviour and XRD Characteristic of R-HDPE/Tyre Dust and R-HDPE/Chicken Feather Fiber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.215.

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Effect of filler loading on tensile properties, swelling behavior, and XRD characteristic of R-HDPE/tyre dust (TD) composites and R-HDPE/chicken feather fibers (CFF) composites were studied. The both composites were prepared with Brabender Plasticorder at 160°C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The R-HDPE/TD composites gave a greater value of tensile strength, and swelling behavior resistance compared to R-HDPE/CFF composites. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the R-HDPE/TD composites have lower value of interparticle spacing (d) than R-HDPE/CFF composites. This indicated better interaction between tyre dust and R-HDPE matrix. Keywords: Chicken feather fiber, recycled high density polyethylene, tyre dust

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Noor Zuhaira, Abd Aziz, and Mohamed Rahmah. "Effects of Calcium Carbonate on Melt Flow and Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk/HDPE and Kenaf/HDPE Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.286.

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In this research, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was compounded with rice husk/high density polyethylene (HDPE) and kenaf/HDPE composite at different filler loadings to produce hybrid composites. Melt flow index (MFI) and mechanical properties of hybrid composite was investigated. From the test results, the addition of CaCO3 filler had decreased melt flow index (MFI) on both composites. In terms of mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength decreased, whereas Youngs Modulus increased with the increase of CaCO3 in both kenaf/HDPE and rice husk/HDPE composites. Impact strength of unfilled rice husk/HDPE composite was lower than unfilled kenaf/HDPE composite, however impact strength of CaCO3/rice husk/HDPE hybrid composite were found to have slightly higher than CaCO3/kenaf/HDPE hybrid composite with addition of 10% and 20% of CaCO3.

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Jamal, N. A., Hazleen Anuar, Noor Azlina Hassan, and Shamsul Bahri Abdul Razak. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of OMMT Filled HDPE/EPDM Treated EB Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.362.

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In the current study, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blend and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) filled HDPE/EPDM was develop aiming at enhancing the thermal properties. Maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) agent and electron beam (EB) irradiation technique were applied as HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM treatments. HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were first prepared via melt intercalation technique at 4 vol% OMMT loading. For EB irradiation technique, the absorbed dose was set at 100 kGy. The effectiveness of these surface modification treatments were compared with control one (no surface modification) and analyzed based on the thermal test as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the thermal properties of both HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were significantly enhanced by EB irradiation technique as compared to the control and MAPE systems. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) illustrated the mixed intercalated and partial exfoliated structures of OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM with EB irradiation technique.

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Cao, X. A., G. Q. Shao, and K. H. Hu. "Tribological modification of high-density polyethylene by using carbon soot from diesel combustion." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2015-0095.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the tribological properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) modified by carbon soot from the combustion of No. 0 diesel. Design/methodology/approach Carbon soot is characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The tribological properties of HDPE samples with carbon soot are investigated on a materials surface tester with a ball-on-disk friction pair. Findings The collected carbon soot mainly comprises amorphous carbon nanoparticles of 50-100 nm in diameter. The main wear behaviours of pure HDPE include abrasive wear and plastic deformation. After adding carbon soot nanoparticles to HDPE, HDPE wear decreases. The appropriate carbon soot content is 8 per cent in HDPE under the selected testing conditions. Compared with other HDPE samples, HDPE with 8 per cent carbon soot has higher melting temperature, lower abrasive wear and better wear resistance. The lubrication of HDPE with carbon soot is due to the formation of a transferring film composed of HDPE, amorphous carbon and graphite carbon. Originality/value The paper reveals the HDPE modification and lubrication mechanisms by using carbon soot from the combustion of diesel. Related research can perhaps provide a potential approach for the treatment of carbon soot exhaust emission.

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Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Larisa Chaweejan, Thanpitcha Boonsrinui, and Manop Phankokkruad. "Morphology and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer Blends with Organoclay." Materials Science Forum 1099 (October 5, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j382oz.

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In this research, the effect of ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMAC or EMAC30) and clay surface modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane 0.5-5 wt% and octadecylamine 15-35 wt% (Clay-ASO) on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. The polymer blends and composites were prepared by an internal mixer and then samples were molded by compression molding. The morphology analysis showed that the presence of fibrous surface at the specimen fracture surface of HDPE/EMAC30 blends. The phase morphology of HDPE blends with Clay-ASO 3, 5 and 7 phr was observed the phase separation of EMAC30 and aggregate of Clay-ASO at high EMAC30 content. Young’s modulus of HDPE/Clay-ASO composites increased with increasing Clay-ASO composites. The presence of Clay-ASO did not improve Young’s modulus and tensile strength of HDPE/EMAC30/Clay-ASO composites. The strain at break of HDPE/EMAC30 blends increased with increasing EMAC30 content. The incorporation of EMAC30 and Clay-ASO had no effect on the melting temperature of HDPE blends and composites, respectively. The percent crystallinity of HDPE/EMAC30 and HDPE/EMAC30/Clay-ASO was lower than that of pure HDPE. The addition of EMAC30 and Clay-ASO decreased the degradation temperatures of HDPE/EMAC30 blends and composites.

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Sewda, Kamini, and S. N. Maiti. "Effect of bark flour on viscoelastic behavior of high density polyethylene." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 9 (October 27, 2010): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998310383727.

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The dynamic mechanical behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) in HDPE/bark flour (BF) composites on varying the volume fraction (Φf) of BF (filler) from 0 to 0.26 has been studied. The storage modulus decreases with increase in BF content up to Φf = 0.07, which is attributed to a pseudolubricating effect by the filler. The storage modulus for the composites at Φ f = 0.20 is higher than HDPE in all other temperature zones due to enhanced mechanical restraint by the dispersed phase. At Φf = 0.07, the loss moduli were either marginally lower or similar to that of HDPE, which is due to the ball-bearing effect of the filler as well as decrease in the crystallinity of HDPE. Above Φf = 0.07, the loss moduli were higher than HDPE. The α-relaxation region of the damping peak shifted toward the higher temperature side with increase in BF content. In the presence of the coupling agent, maleic anhydride-grafted HDPE (HDPE-g-MAH), the storage modulus values were marginally lower than those of the HDPE/BF systems. In the HDPE/BF/HDPE—g—MAH composites, the variations of the loss moduli were similar but values lower than those of the HDPE/BF systems. Damping peak shift in the α-region toward higher temperature was more than those of the HDPE/BF systems, which may be due to the hindrance to the relaxation due to an enhanced phase interaction. The values of tan δ were higher than the rule of mixture for both the composites.

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Wheatley, Greg, and Rendage Sachini Sandeepa Chandrasiri. "Mechanical Testing of Recycled HDPE Extruded Hollow Section." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol4.iss2.180.

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High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer which is classified as one of the highly consumed types of plastics. One major advantage of thermoplastic materials is their ability of recycling and reprocessing which will bring considerable economicand environmental benefits. The present paper, therefore, endeavours to explore the practical possibility of using recycled HDPE hollow section as a replacement of virgin HDPE made by the extrusion process. The main focus of the study was to evaluate the mechanical performance of the recycled HDPE and compare the results with virgin or non-recycled HDPE. The modulus of elasticity, tensile yield and ultimate strength, compressive yield and ultimate strength, flexural yield and ultimate strength and the coefficient of thermal expansion were the main parameters to be checked against the respective mechanical properties. Thus, pursuant to the rsults, it was found out that the modulus of elasticity and the tensile yield strength are lower in recycled HDPE compared to the non-recycled HDPE. However, there is no significant difference between the recycled and non-recycled HDPE for the tensile ultimate strength, compressive yield strength and compressive ultimate strength. The flexural yield strength and flexural ultimate strength properties of the recycled HDPE proved to be superior to those of the non-recycled HDPE. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the recycled HDPE sample was 130 μm/(m.°C) and that for the non-recycled HDPE was 142 μm/(m.°C).

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Guo, Yong Chang, Jun Deng, and Hao Bin Xie. "Nonlinear Numerical Optimization Design Applied to Wall-Thickness of Welding T Shaped Connecting HDPE Tube." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2991.

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There are two reasons to enlarge the thickness of welding HDPE tri-branch tube. Firstly, welding weakens the HDPE material properties. Secondly, stress concentration occurs at the joint of tri-branch tube. The material properties of HDPE and the tensile strength of welding HDPE were tested. Based on the test results, the wall-thickness of HDPE tri-branch tube was investigated by numerical optimization design with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Two material constitutive models of elasto-palstic and Ramberg-Osgood for HDPE are adopted in FEM. Some valuable conclusions of pipeline design are concluded by the distribution of stress contour curves and optimization curves of welding joint of HDPE tri-branch tube.

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Huang, Run Zhou, Xin Wu Xu, Cheng Jun Zhou, Yang Zhang, and Qing Lin Wu. "Effect of Formulation on Thermal Expansion Behavior of Bamboo/HDPE/PA6 Composites Using TMA." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.502.

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Bamboo/HDPE/PA6 composites have been discussed by systematically studying the effect of formulation on thermal expansion properties. PA6 filled HDPE seemed not significantly influence LTEC of HDPE/PA composites system when the PA loading level increased form 0 % to 20%. It was investigated that BF significantly reduced LTEC value compared with LTEC of HDPE/PA. The reduction of the LTEC appear in HDPE/bamboo composites was dependent on the matrix and filler. Coupling agent can make the LTEC of HDPE/bamboo composites reduced, but the reduction was larger than that of only filler.

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Pham, Nga Thi-Hong, and Van-Thuc Nguyen. "Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Poly (Butylene Terephthalate)/High-Density Polyethylene Blends." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890551.

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Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is a popular thermoplastic polyester resin but has low strength and low melting point. To improve its properties, PBT is often mixed with other resins, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE). In this study, PBT/HDPE samples with 100% PBT, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 100% HDPE are generated and tested. The samples are analyzed by tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and SEM tests. Adding HDPE will reduce tensile strength compared to pure PBT, in which 5%, 10%, and 15% PBT/HDPE samples obtain the values 40.23, 38.11, and 27.77 MPa, respectively. These values are lower than that of pure PBT but still higher than that of HDPE. Improving the HDPE portion mostly results in decreasing flexural strength. The flexural strengths of these samples are 87.79, 70.47, 55.3, 58.98, and 19.14 MPa corresponding to 100% PBT, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 100% HDPE samples, respectively. Moreover, the SEM microstructure of PBT and HDPE indicates a two-phase heterogeneous mixture with little or no adhesion between these phases.

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27

Ding, Yunsheng, Guozhang Ni, Pei Xu, Bahader Ali, and Shanzhong Yang. "Investigation on the synergistic effect of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and polyethylene-grafted glycidylmethacrylate on the properties of high-density polyethylene/poplar wood flour composites and their synergistic mechanism." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 7 (October 2, 2016): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658340.

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Wood–plastic composites were prepared from poplar wood flour and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending and injection molding techniques, using polyethylene-grafted glycidylmethacrylate (HDPE- g-GMA) as compatibilizer and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as coupling agent. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that a stronger interfacial adhesion was formed between the wood flour and HDPE matrices during the combined use of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and HDPE- g-GMA, while the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that more HDPE chains are linked to the surface of poplar wood flour through the formation of chemical bonding in the presence of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and HDPE- g-GMA. So, HDPE- g-GMA and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane showed a synergistic effect on the improvement of compatibility between the poplar wood flour and HDPE matrices and better mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites could be obtained. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis results also indicated the synergistic effects to some extent. The synergistic mechanism of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and HDPE- g-GMA was proposed on the basis of investigation results.

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Zhou, Hongfu, Zhanjia Wang, Guozhi Xu, Xiangdong Wang, Bianying Wen, and Shanglin Jin. "Preparation of Crosslinked High-density Polyethylene Foam Using Supercritical CO2 as Blowing Agent." Cellular Polymers 36, no. 4 (July 2017): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248931703600401.

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Different content of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) acting as a crosslinking agent was mixed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in a Haake internal mixer to improve the viscoelasticity and foamability of HDPE. The crosslinked HDPE samples were foamed in a high pressure stainless steel autoclave using CO2 as the physical blowing agent. The molecular weight, crystallization behavior and rheological properties of various HDPE samples were examined by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, rotational rheometer, and torque rheometer, respectively. The foaming properties of various samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope and densimeter. It was found that with the increasing content of DCP, the molecular weight, crystallization temperature, complex viscosity, and storage modulus of HDPE increased and the crystallization degree of HDPE decreased. When 0.2 phr of DCP was introduced into HDPE, the expansion volume ratio of HDPE showed the highest value, which could be more than 7 times.

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Ramírez-Vargas, E., Z. Sandoval-Arellano, J. S. Hernández-Valdez, J. G. Martínez-Colunga, and S. Sánchez-Valdés. "Compatibility of HDPE/postconsumer HDPE blends using compatibilizing agents." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100, no. 5 (2006): 3696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23214.

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30

Manaf, Izzati Abdul, Noraini Marsi, Vikneshvaran Genesan, Efil Yusrianto, Hafizuddin Hakim Shariff, Suraya Hani Adnan, Mariah Awang, Roslinda Ali, and Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir. "Compressive strength, sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and water absorption analysis of HDPE plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement for lightweight concrete (LWC)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2051, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012043.

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Abstract This project research presents compressive strength, sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and water absorption analysis of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement for lightweight concrete (LWC). The research is aimed into the issue of waste materials such as HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene waste into lightweight concrete (LWC) application. Modifications with waste material may improve the qualities of lightweight concrete (LWC), and HDPE plastic waste may serve as a partial substitute for natural aggregates, which are rapidly depleting. It has been proposed that HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene be used as an alternative aggregate material to reduce environmental impact. In this study, four composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced polystyrene and Portland cement to produce LWC; which are (a) 0.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene: 1.0 Portland cement, (b) 1.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, (c) 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement, and (d) 2.0 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. The highest rate of compressive strength attained was 97.28 kN with the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste: 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. It was discovered that a larger proportion of plastic lowered the strength of concrete. On the other hand, the optimum composition ratio of HDPE plastic waste reinforced concrete for lightweight concrete (LWC) produces the appropriate strength for LWC when the composition ratio is optimized. For sound absorption analysis, the higher coefficient is 0.42 SAC at 350 Hz to 1500 Hz for the composition ratio of 1.5 HDPE plastic waste : 1.0 polystyrene : 1.0 Portland cement. Water absorption characteristics of HDPE plastic waste and polystyrene for LWC dropped with increasing plastic waste content up to 0.50%.

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31

Li, Jia, Hui Wang, Zhong Han Li, Ting Ting Zhao, Tian Tian Wang, Rui Ning Wang, Bo Wei Cao, Xu Liang Zhang, Wei Zheng, and Li Bo Li. "Study on Thermal Degradation and Kinetic of Microencapsulated Red Phosphorus (MRP)/High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composite." Key Engineering Materials 842 (May 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.842.98.

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Thermal degradation of the composite constituted by high density polyethylene (HDPE) and microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) were studied using thermogravimetric (TG) data obtained at different heating rates. The kinetic models and parameters of the thermal degradation of MRP/HDPE composite were evaluated by FWO, KAS and IKP method. It indicates that the activation energy E of 4 % MRP/HDPE composite is higher than HDPE for three methods. MRP could improve the thermal stability and slow down the thermal degradation of HDPE. With adding MRP, the degradation mechanism of HDPE is changed and the degradation rate decreases.

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32

Abd Razak, Jeefferie, Siti Zaleha Wahid, Noraiham Mohamad, Poppy Puspitasari, Rosidah Jaafar, and Pindo Tutuko. "THE EFFECTS OF r-HDPE/r-PP FORMULATION RATIO INTO MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF r-HDPE/r-PP POLYMERIC BLENDS." Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System 8, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2020.008.02.1.

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This study has reported the effects of different formulation ratio between recycled high density polyethylene (r-HDPE) and recycled polypropylene (r-PP) into the resulted mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of r-HDPE/r-PP polymeric blends. About five (5) different formulation ratio of r-HDPE/r-PP have been prepared and tested. The best combination ratio between r-HDPE and r-PP was determined in this work. It was found that the 70/30 wt.% of r- HDPE/r-PP blend possessed an outstanding mechanical and physical strength. About 59.80% and 2.30% of positive improvement in comparison to 0/100 wt.% of r-HDPE/r-PP was achieved for both of tensile strength and hardness, respectively. Interestingly, for 70/30 wt.% of r-HDPE/r-PP blend had also experienced major increased in their elongation at break up to 473%. The fracture morphological behavior of the tested samples that were observed via SEM observation, had established the interaction between the structure and properties of produced r-HDPE/r-PP blends, especially on the miscibility state between the r-HDPE and r-PP phases. Thermal evaluation by using the DSC had confirmed the partial miscibility state due to dominant peak shifting at 120 - 140°C and obvious melting peak reduction pattern. Overall, from this study, it was found that the blending between r-HDPE and r-PP into r-HDPE/r-PP blends are feasible to improve the properties of primary phase.

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33

Wang, Huanbo, Fazhi Lin, Pingping Qiu, and Tian Liu. "Effects of Extractives on Dimensional Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Creep, and Stress Relaxation of Rice Straw/High-Density Polyethylene Composites." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101176.

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The removal of rice straw extractives increases the interphase adhesion between rice straw and the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, while eradicating the inner defects of rice straw/HDPE composites. This study investigated the effect of rice straw extractives removal on the dimensional stability (water uptake and thermal expansion), dynamic mechanical properties, creep, and stress relaxation of rice straw/HDPE composites. Cold water (CW), hot water (HW), and 1% alkaline solution (AL) extraction methods were utilized to remove rice straw extractives. Extracted and unextracted rice straws were mixed with HDPE, maleated polyethylene (MAPE), and Polyethylene wax to prepare composites via extrusion. Removal of rice straw extractives significantly improved the dimensional stability, dynamic mechanical properties, and creep and stress relaxation of rice straw/HDPE composites, with the exception of the thickness swelling of the AL/HDPE and the thermal expansion of the rice straw/HDPE composites. HW/HDPE exhibited the best comprehensive performance.

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34

Yarysheva, Alena, and Olga Arzhakova. "Modification of High-Density Polyethylene with a Fibrillar–Porous Structure by Biocompatible Polyvinyl Alcohol via Environmental Crazing." Polymers 16, no. 9 (April 23, 2024): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16091184.

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Polymer/polymer nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by tensile drawing of HDPE in the PVA solutions via environmental crazing. The mechanism of this phenomenon was described. The HDPE/PVA nanocomposites were studied by the methods of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, gravimetry, tensile tests, and their composition, properties, and performance were characterized. The content of PVA in the HDPE/PVA nanocomposites (up to 22 wt.%) was controlled by the tensile strain of HDPE and concentration of PVA in the solution. Depending on the content of PVA, the wettability of the HDPE/PVA nanocomposite (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) could be varied in a broad interval from 45 to 98°. The modification of HDPE by the biocompatible PVA offers a beneficial avenue for practical applications of the HDPE/PVA composites as biomedical materials, packaging and protective materials, modern textile articles, breathable materials, membranes and sorbents, etc.

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35

Nadkarni, V. M., V. L. Shingankuli, and J. P. Jog. "Thermal and Crystallization Behaviour of Polyphenylene Sulfide in Engineering Polymer Blends with HDPE." International Polymer Processing 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1987-0019.

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Abstract The thermal and crystallization behaviour of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) in its blends with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is reported. Three grades of HDPE ranging in MFI from 0.4 to 52 were used in the investigation. The effect of composition and molecular weight of HDPE on the crystallization process and morphology of PPS in the blends has been investigated by the technique of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In the blends, PPS crystallizes in presence of molten HDPE. It is observed that the morphology of PPS in terms of crystallite size and crystallite size distribution in the blends is significantly affected by blending with HDPE. The temperature onset of melting was found to increase with increasing HDPE content and the melting peak width was found to decrease with increasing HDPE content. This indicates a larger crystallite size and a narrower crystallite size distribution of PPS in blends. The effect is more pronounced in HDPE-rich compositions. The extent of the variation in the temperature onset of melting and peak width were comparable for all the grades of HDPE. The degree of crystallinity of PPS in the blends is reduced significantly (55–70%) in HDPE-rich blends. Therefore, it is concluded that the crystallization of PPS is affected by the presence of HDPE melt. The crystallization scans of PPS in the blends, obtained in the cooling mode, did not show any evidence of accelerated nucleation. On the other hand, a marginal reduction in the temperature onset of crystallization was observed. The temperature range of crystallization of PPS in the blends was found to be less for all compositions except for 90/10 (PPS/HDPE). In summary it is concluded that blending of HDPE with PPS influences the crystal growth of PPS significantly although the effect on its homogeneous nucleation is also considerable. As a result, the morphology of PPS crystallized in blends is different from that of the homopolymer. The changes in the morphology of PPS are not sensitive to the molecular weight of HDPE probably because of the high temperature of PPS crystallization relative to the melting point of HDPE.

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Meli, Abubakar Dantani, Zulkifly Abbas, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid, and Nor Azowa Ibrahim. "The Effects of SLS on Structural and Complex Permittivity of SLS-HDPE Composites." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3420925.

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RS-4050 is a rigid epoxy based magnetic castable microwave absorbing material; it has been used in many areas of waveguide application as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads. In recent years, there is a demand for composites material with lower dielectric constant higher loss factor for microwave application. This research, the effect of soda lime silica (SLS) on structural and complex permittivity of soda lime silica-high density polyethylene (SLS-HDPE) composites was conducted in order to explore the possibility of substituting RS-4050 with SLS-HDPE composites as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads. Elemental weight composition of the SLS glass powder and HDPE was identified through scaling of different percentage of SLS and HDPE. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the crystallinity behavior of SLS-HDPE composites. The proposed SLS-HDPE composites material was studied at frequencies 8 to 12 GHz. The study was conducted using waveguide Agilent N5230A PNA technique. The effect of microwave frequency on complex permittivity properties for SLS-HDPE composites of different percentages of SLS and HDPE (10% SLS-90% HDPE, 20% SLS-80% HDPE, 30% SLS-70% HDPE, 40% SLS-60% HDPE, and 50% SLS-50% HDPE) were investigated. Results showed the diffraction patterns reveal good amorphous quality with a genuinely properties structure. The microwave frequency and composites percentages significantly influenced the complex permittivity (real and imaginary) properties of the composites. Moreover, the complex permittivity increased as the percentage of SLS filler increased in the host matrix HDPE as a result of increased in composite density due to less volume being occupied by the filler as the percentage increased. The complex permittivity of the smallest and largest percentages of SLS (10% and 50%) was (2.67-j0.05) and (3.45-j0.35), respectively. The study revealed that the best sample for waveguide application as microwave terminator is 50% SLS as it has the highest dielectric constant, highest loss factor, and highest loss tangent as compared to 10% SLS to 40% SLS. Also 50% SLS has the highest absorption properties as compare to 10% SLS, 20% SLS, 30% SLS, or 40% SLS. The XRD physical structure of the SLS-HDPE composites revealed the absorption characteristics of different percentages of the materials. The SLS-HDPE composites can be applied in the area of waveguide as a microwave waveguide terminations and dummy loads.

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Zhu, Lien, Haoming Wang, Meihua Liu, Zheng Jin, and Kai Zhao. "Effect of Core-Shell Morphology on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of HDPE/HDPE-g-MA/PA6 Ternary Blends." Polymers 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091040.

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In this paper, the high-density polyethylene/maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene/polyamide 6 (HDPE/HDPE-g-MA/PA6) ternary blends were prepared by blend melting. The binary dispersed phase (HDPE-g-MA/PA6) is of a core-shell structure, which is confirmed by the SEM observation and theoretical calculation. The crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PA6, HDPE-g-MA, HDPE, and their blends were investigated. The crystallization process, crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) testing. The results show that PA6 and HDPE-g-MA interact with each other during crystallizing, and their crystallization behaviors are different when the composition is different. At the same time, the addition of core-shell particles (HDPE-g-MA/PA6) can affect the crystallization behavior of the HDPE matrix. With the addition of the core-shell particles, the comprehensive mechanical properties of HDPE were enhanced, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and the impact strength. Combined with previous studies, the toughening mechanism of core-shell structure is discussed in detail. The mechanism of the core-shell structure toughening is not only one, but the result of a variety of mechanisms together.

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Wang, Fei, Jiabin Yu, Lichao Liu, Ping Xue, and Ke Chen. "Influence of high-density polyethylene content on the rheology, crystal structure, and mechanical properties of melt spun ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blend fibers." Journal of Industrial Textiles 53 (January 2023): 152808372211501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15280837221150198.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) content significantly influences the structure and mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/HDPE blend fibers. The molecular chain disentanglement and crystallization characteristics of as-spun filaments and fibers and how the structure affects the final mechanical properties of the fibers were thoroughly studied by adding different contents of HDPE. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and rheological analysis indicated that the molecular entanglement decreased with increasing HDPE content, improving the UHMWPE melt processability. Sound velocity orientation (SVO) studies indicated that the UHMWPE/HDPE as-spun filaments and fibers with an HDPE content of 40 wt% (U6H4) had a higher molecular chain orientation level. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analyses indicated that U6H4 had the highest crystallinity and the thinnest grains in the axial direction, respectively. The compact crystal structure and fully stretched molecular chains of U6H4 yielded the best mechanical properties. The present work disclosed the effect mechanism of HDPE contents on the preparation and properties of UHMWPE/HDPE fibers, which provided an effective and universal strategy for manufacturing high-strength UHMWPE/HDPE fibers with the melt spinning method.

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Wang, Yuan-Xia, Cun-Ying Zou, Nan Bai, Qun-Feng Su, Li-Xin Song, and Xian-Liang Li. "Effect of Octene Block Copolymer (OBC) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on Crystalline Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Octene Random Copolymer." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 5, 2023): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183655.

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Blending octene random copolymer (ORC) with other polymers is a promising approach to improving ORC mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation. In this study, octene block copolymer (OBC) with lower density than ORC and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were used to blend with ORC. The effect of both OBC and HDPE on ORC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). For ORC/OBC blends, a small amount of OBC can improve the crystallization ability of ORC. Meanwhile, for ORC/HDPE blends, the crystallization ability of ORC was significantly suppressed, attributed to good compatibility between ORC and HDPE as indicated by the homogeneous morphology and the disappearance of the α transition peak of ORC in ORC/HDPE blends. Therefore, the tensile strength and elongation of ORC/HDPE blends are significantly higher than those of ORC/OBC blends. For ORC/OBC/HDPE ternary blends, we found that when ORC:OBC:HDPE are at a ratio of 70:15:15, cocrystallization is achieved. Although HDPE improves the compatibility of ORC and OBC, the three-phase structure of the ternary blends can be observed through SAXS when HDPE and OBC exceed 30 wt%. Blending HDPE and OBC (≤30 wt%) could improve the mechanical property of ORC.

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Liu, Yongjun, Ming Zhong, Gang Liu, and Shouzhi Pu. "Formation of high-density polyethylene–poly(ethylene-octene) core–shell particles in recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) by reactive blending." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 35, no. 3 (April 21, 2019): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619843536.

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Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (mPOE) blends, in which the binary (HDPE/mPOE) dispersed phase was of a HDPE core-mPOE shell structure, were prepared. For this purpose, HDPE-g-mPOE graft copolymers were prepared in HDPE/mPOE blends via reactive extrusion with the presence of the free radical initiator dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Then, R-PET was blended with the HDPE/mPOE blends by melt extrusion. The effect of the DCP and mPOE content in the HDPE/mPOE blends on the phase morphology and mechanical properties of the R-PET/HDPE/mPOE blends were studied systematically. It was found that the blends containing reactive compatibilizer exhibited the encapsulation of the HDPE by the mPOE, forming core–shell particles dispersed phase morphology. The graft chains of HDPE-g-mPOE-g-PET formed by the in situ reaction between R-PET and mPOE phases reduced the interfacial tension. Consequently, the dispersed phase morphology was observed to form smaller diameter core–shell particles. The resultant blends exhibited an effect on both the thermal and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed the dispersed phase particles could act as a nucleating agent in the R-PET matrix to improve the crystallization temperature, while the graft copolymers formed in the compatibilized R-PET/HDPE/mPOE blend decreased the nucleation activity. Notched Charpy impact strength and elongation at break of the R-PET were improved by forming the core–shell particles dispersed phase morphology.

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Clarinsa, Regina Martha, and Suyatno Sutoyo. "PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI KOMPOSIT HDPE (HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) DAN PATI UMBI SUWEG (Amorphophallus campanulatus)." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p85-95.

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Abstrak. Plastik yang berasal dari polimer sintetik menjadi permasalahan lingkungan karena tidak dapat terdegradasi lebih cepat di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membuat plastik biodegradable komposit HDPE dengan pati umbi suweg (HDPE-PSW) serta menentukan komposisi terbaik dari campuran HDPE dengan pati umbi suweg yang memiliki sifat biodegradabilitas yang memenuhi standart SNI. Pati diperoleh dari umbi suweg menggunakan metode ekstraksi dengan pelarut air. Proses pembuatan plastik biodegradable dilakukan dengan metode grafting menggunakan pereaksi maleat anhidrida dan bahan pemlastis berupa gliserol. Variasi komposisi massa HDPE dan pati suweg yang digunakan berturut-turut 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, dan 4:6 gram. Sifat biodegradabilitas ditentukan dengan metode Soil Burial Test sedangkan gugus fungsi ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Dari proses ekstraksi diperoleh pati dengan rendemen 5,25%. Pati diperoleh dalam bentuk serbuk berwarna putih, tidak berbau, sedikit larut dalam air dan etanol, serta menunjukkan hasil positif dengan pereaksi larutan iodium. Hasil uji biodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa plastik komposit HDPE-PSW 6:4 dan 5:5 mendekati standar SNI karena setelah didegradasi selama seminggu menunjukkan persentase degradasi mendekati 60%, yakni masing-masing 58,9% dan 60,6%. Kedua komposisi plastik HDPE-PSW tersebut juga memiliki persentase degradasi mendekati plastik biodegradable komersial Cassaplast (59,4%). Berdasarkan hasil uji FTIR, plastik biodegradable HDPE-PSW memiliki gugus fungsi yang sama dengan plastik HDPE dan pati umbi suweg. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses grafting dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradable HDPE-PSW telah terjadi. Kata kunci : Plastik biodegradable, pati umbi suweg, HDPE Abstract. Plastic which derived from synthetic polymers is an environmental problem because it couldn’t easily degradation in the ground. This research is aimed to make the biodegradable plastic composite of HDPE with suweg tuber starch (HDPE-PSW) as well as determining the best composition of HDPE-suweg tuber starch mixture which has biodegradability properties according to SNI standards. Suweg tuber made with ekstraction method which uses water solvent. Biodegradable plastics have been processed using grafting method with maleic anhydride reactant and glycerol plasticizer. The varians mass of HDPE plastic and suweg starch are 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6 grams. Biodegradability of biodegradable plastics depend on Soil Burial Test method meanwhile analysis of functional group depend with FTIR spectrophotometer. From the extraction process obtained starch with a yield of 5.25%. Starch was obtained in the form of white powder, odorless, slightly soluble in water and ethanol, and showed positive results with iodine solution reagent. The biodegradation test results showed that the HDPE-PSW plastic composite of 6:4 and 5:5 approached the SNI standard because after being degraded for a week showed the percentage of degradation was approaching 60% ie 58.9% and 60.6%, respectively. The two HDPE-PSW plastic compositions also had a degradation percentage close to Cassaplast's commercial biodegradable plastic (59.4%). Based on the results of the FTIR test, HDPE-PSW biodegradable plastic had the same functional group as HDPE plastic and suweg tuber starch. This showed that the grafting process in the manufacture of biodegradable HDPE-PSW plastic had taken place. Key words: Biodegradable plastics, suweg tuber starch, HDPE

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Yamaguchi, Masayuki, Ken-Ichi Suzuki, and Shingo Maeda. "Enhanced strain hardening in elongational viscosity for HDPE/crosslinked HDPE blend. I. Characteristics of crosslinked HDPE." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 86, no. 1 (July 24, 2002): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.10914.

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Wiriyanukul, N., and S. Wacharawichanant. "Effect of Compatibilizers on Mechanical Thermal and Morphology Properties of HDPE/TiO₂ Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.169.

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This work studies the effect of PE-g-MA compatibilizer on mechanical thermal and morphological properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites. The HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites with and without PE-g-MA compatibilizer were prepared by melt mixing technique in a twin screw extruder. The results found that Young's Modulus of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites increased with increasing TiO2 contents. The addition of PE-g-MA compatibilizer had no significant effect on the tensile strength and stress at break of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites. The decomposition temperatures of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites before and after adding PE-g-MA compatibilizer increased with increasing TiO2 contents. The dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in HDPE matrix was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dispersion of nanoparticles in HDPE matrix with PE-g-MA compatibilizer was relatively good, only a few aggregates exited.

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Chatkunakasem, Paweesinee, Panisa Luangjuntawong, Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte, Chuanchom Aumnate, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "Tuning of HDPE Properties for 3D Printing." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.67.

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The objective of this study is to improve high density polyethylene (HDPE) properties for 3D printing by addition of graphene and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Graphene was prepared by modified Hummer’s method. The prepared graphene was characterized by the infrared spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE composites were successfully prepared through the melt-blending technique using a twin-screw extruder. The melt flow index (MFI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to characterize neat HDPE and the modified HDPE. FTIR and XRD results show that graphite was successfully changed into graphene completely and MFI of graphene/HDPE and LDPE/HDPE decreased as the amount of graphene and LDPE in the composite blends increased. DSC results show that the addition of low crystalline polymers can reduce a crystallization temperature and crystallinity content.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Chih Kuang Chen, Wen Cheng Chen, Yu Chieh Tung, and Ching Wen Lou. "Lamination of Glass Fiber Woven Fabrics and High Density Polyethylene/Clay Composition: Preparation, Tensile Properties, and Crystallization Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.257.

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In this study, high density polyethylene (HDPE) is reinforced by the combination of clay to form HDPE/clay composites by applying maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) as a compatibilizer and a melt compounding method. The properties of composites are evaluated with a tensile strength test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Next, such composites are laminated with glass fiber woven fabrics (GFW) to form HDPE/clay/GFW composites by using a thermal compression molding method. A tensile strength test and an SEM are used to measure the properties of the HDPE/clay/GFW composites. The test results show that the combination of clay in HDPE/clay composites does not provide their tensile strength with a distinct reinforcement. However, the dispersion of clay promotes the crystallization temperature of the HDPE/clay composites. In addition, using PE-g-MA as the compatibilizer results in a good adhesion of HDPE/clay composites to GFW, which in turn augments the tensile strength of the HDPE/clay/GFW composites.

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Zakaria, M. S., Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, Kamarudin Hussin, Mohd Kahar A. Wahab, K. A. Abdul Halim, and L. Yevon. "Characteristic and Morphology of Palm Waste Filled Thermoplastic Composites." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.415.

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This paper presents the characteristic and morphology of palm waste (palm slag and palm ash) filled thermoplastic (high density polyethylene (HDPE) and recycled HDPE) composites. Two different particle sizes were used which are in the range from 150 μm to 300 μm defined as coarse and less than 75 μm defined as fine. The palm waste of HDPE and recycled HDPE with 8 different types of sample were prepared using a twin screw extruder with 10 % of filler loading was chosen to produce the composite. The XRF result indicated that palm slag has higher SiO2, but lower CaO content as compared to palm ash. Median particle size analysis showed that fine size palm ash demonstrated lowest d50 and coarse size palm slag showed a comparable value of d50 with coarse size palm ash. The scanning electron microscopy studies showed that coarse size palm slag illustrated better matrix interaction with HDPE and recycled HDPE. The overall result indicated that coarse size palm slag shows comparable characteristic and morphology compared with fine size palm ash in HDPE and recycled HDPE composite.

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Sulong, Nurulsaidatulsyida, and Anika Zafiah M. Rus. "Morphology and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/Bio-Polymer as Compounding Materials." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.150.

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The effect of bio-polymer as compounding material in mechanical properties of HDPE is described in this study. 10% of bio-polymer was added to the HDPE and then mixed by using Brabender Plastograph machine using mixer and roller screw and then test specimens were prepared by injection moulding. The origin bio-polymer (VOP), HDPE and the compounding bio-polymer/ HDPE (CDM) were compared by using tensile test and the microstructure was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the fractured surface of the samples. The tensile strength of CDM was found to increase that is 17.47 MPa compared to pure VOP that only 5.69 MPa while pure HDPE has the highest tensile strength that is 20.98 MPa. By adding 10% bio-polymer to the HDPE was increased up the strength at about 207.16% while pure HDPE produced 268.91% increment with VOP as the precursor. SEM of the VOP produced brittle fracture surface while CDM have brittle and ductile surface and HDPE has totally ductile surface with highest plastic deformation properties of all.

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Li, Ya Na, Kyong Ho Cha, and Qing Hui He. "Preparation and Properties Research of Modified Nano-ZnO/HDPE Composite Films." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.450.

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Nanocomposite films of ZnO/HDPE were prepared via melt blending and hot compression molding process. The morphology, DSC, mechanical and barrier properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that a better dispersion of modified nanoparticles at content of 0.5wt% in HDPE matrix occurred and the improvement of the HDPE films in tensile strength and tear strength was achieved by incorporating modified-ZnO nanoparticles up to 0.5wt% in contrast with the original nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films. It was also found that the addition of modified nano-ZnO to neat HDPE caused to increase crystallinity and enhance the barrier property of nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films against water vapor and oxygen.

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Sin, Lee Tin, Yi-Ru Ng, Soo-Tueen Bee, Tiam-Ting Tee, A. R. Rahmat, and Chi Ma. "Comparison of injection molding processability of polylactic acid and high density polyethylene via computational approach." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0114.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare the injection molding processability of polylactic acid (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) via a computational method. This study was conducted using injection molding simulation software Moldflow® using an iPhone 4 case (I4C) to evaluate the filling and packing stages of PLA and HDPE. The fill time, velocity/pressure switch over (VPSO), frozen layer fraction, time to freeze, volumetric shrinkages and clamp force were analyzed. The results showed that PLA requires a slightly longer time to fill the cavity compared to HDPE. At the mean time, the VPSO of PLA was larger than HDPE, as a result of the higher viscosity characteristic of PLA. From the packing analysis, it was found that the extent of shrinkage for PLA and HDPE was 4.11% and 4.78%, respectively. This result shows that an I4C produced by either PLA or HDPE have very close dimensions. In other words, the redesign of mold to fulfill the different shrinkage extent for PLA and HDPE is unnecessary, which indicates a cost of production saving. Finally, the manufacturing of PLA required a higher tonnage injection molding machine compared to HDPE where the clamp tonnage of PLA is 2.5 times higher than HDPE.

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Kang, Suji, and Jaemin Lee. "An Experimental Study on Welding Distortion in High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Welded Structures." Journal of Welding and Joining 41, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2023.41.4.2.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is increasingly recognized as an eco-friendly material for small crafts. However, there is limited research on welding distortion in HDPE welded structures. This study investigates the deformation behavior of HDPE fillet-welded specimens, focusing on global out-of-plane distortions such as angular and bowing distortions. Experimental analysis, conducted using an optical 3D scanner, reveals similarities between the observed deformation patterns in HDPE fillet-welded specimens and those commonly found in other fillet-welded structures. Angular and bowing distortion modes are primarily observed, resulting from the contraction forces that occur during the cooling process after the melting and solidification of the HDPE welding rod. Additionally, the influence of specimen thickness on deformations is examined. This research contributes valuable knowledge about welding distortions in HDPE, providing directions for optimization of welding processes and the enhancement of structural performance in HDPE welded structures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HDPE'

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