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1
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. The minority farmer: A disappearing American resource; has the Farmers Home Administration been the primary catalyst? : thirty-first report of the Committee on Government Operations, together with additional views. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. The minority farmer--a disappearing American resource: Has the Farmers Home Administration been the primary catalyst? : thirty-first report of the Committee on Government Operations, together with additional views. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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3
Sonneborn, Charles B. The Time Has Come: The Role of Rudolf Sonneborn as Catalyst for Israel. Trafford Publishing, 2007.
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McKillen, Elizabeth. The Mexican Revolution as Catalyst. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037870.003.0002.
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This chapter explores how the Mexican revolution helped to catalyze a debate within U.S. labor, Socialist, and immigrant Left circles over Woodrow Wilson's internationalist principles that would grow significantly in the coming years. It shows that most labor and Socialist participants in the debate over U.S. foreign policy toward Mexico converged in trying to prevent a U.S. military occupation of Mexico. It also considers the reactions of groups such as the American Federation of Labor (AFL), the United Mine Workers of America, Partido Liberal Mexicano, Industrial Workers of the World, and the Socialist Party regarding Wilson's claim that his military interventions in Mexico were designed to help the Mexican people rather than to protect American corporate interests. Finally, it discusses the disagreements among labor and Socialist groups over a host of issues, such as whether industrial democracy or an end to imperialism could be achieved within a capitalist context.
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Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0000.
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Abstract This book is about how scents, spices and silk catalysed world trade. It has essentially three parts. The first three chapters introduce the exotic luxuries that came to have the greatest impact on human societies, including their origins, culture and uses. The next twelve chapters describe how trade routes evolved in antiquity to deliver scents, spices and silks to the Western world. The last seven chapters discuss the Renaissance period after the Portuguese discovered the route around the Cape and the Europeans began going after their own spices and silks.
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Corder, Professor Hugh, and Dr Terhemen Andzenge. Regulation as a Catalyst for the Electrification of Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0005.
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Availability and access to electricity is central to the economic and social development of any nation. The state provided electricity as a social infrastructure thus expanding the role of the state as owner, manager, and regulator. This route has, however, failed given the mounting budgetary crisis triggered by global financial dislocations and oil market meltdowns which affected state revenues and impacted upon the ability of states to own, manage, and operate electricity infrastructure. The huge electricity deficits in Africa call for hitherto unexplored solutions beyond those of public sector funding. Private sector participation became inevitable and with it the imperativeness of balancing the interests of consumers, investors, and the state that are always mutually exclusive. Regulation offers itself as a veritable tool to moderate the differing interests to ensure the availability of electricity at sustainable and affordable levels.
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Braches-Chyrek, Rita, ed. The Future of Childhood Studies. Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/84742448.
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Since the 1990s, the emerging field of childhood studies has been catalyst for empirical research, for policy analysis, and for the development of professional practice. Which concepts and theories are the most helpful in analyzing phenomena relevant to children’s lives? The book reflects on this debate and discusses current challenges of major disciplines within the social studies of childhood.
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Fakhro, Elham. Truth and Fact-Finding in the Arab Monarchies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628567.003.0009.
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In Chapter 9, Elham Fakhro examines the use of truth and fact-finding commissions in two monarchies, pre- and post-Arab Spring. She argues that in Morocco and Bahrain the absence of regime change has not prevented the use of truth-telling. However, that same absence of reform has constrained the scope of these mechanisms, preventing the naming of alleged perpetrators or units. And, she argues, the wider political settlement between regimes and reformers has limited the potential for the creation of other transitional justice mechanisms, or for truth-telling to act as a catalyst to reform.
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Jordan, Robert B. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.001.0001.
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This third edition retains the general level and scope of earlier editions, but has been substantially updated with over 900 new references covering the literature through 2005, and 140 more pages of text than the previous edition. In addition to the general updating of materials, there is new or greatly expanded coverage of topics such as Curtin-Hammett conditions, pressure effects, metal hydrides and asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts, the inverted electron-transfer region, intervalence electron transfer, photochemistry of metal carbonyls, methyl transferase and nitric oxide synthase. The new chapter on heterogeneous systems introduces the basic background to this industrially important area. The emphasis is on inorganic examples of gas/liquid and gas/liquid/solid systems and methods of determining heterogeneity.
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McPherson, Gary, and Susan Hallam. Musical potential. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0024.
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An ongoing controversy persists regarding the extent of individual variability in musical potential and the extent to which observable differences in acquiring musical skills result from social contexts that facilitate learning, genetic factors, or interactions between the two. This article outlines key elements of these debates and considers how ‘musical potential’ has been assessed. It argues that what children are born withenablesrather thanconstrainswhat they will eventually be able to achieve. While a range of generalized abilities may come into play when learning music, a host of environmental and personal catalysts work in combination with teaching and learning processes to develop particular types of talent. These talents form the basis of the many professional, amateur, and informal forms of meaningful engagement that individuals can have with music.
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Paul, David C. Ives at Century’s Turn. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037498.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how Charles E. Ives has been affected by the transformations in American musicology over the last twenty-five years. It begins with a discussion of Maynard Solomon's accusation that Ives had engaged in a “systematic pattern of falsification” to safeguard his claims at the patent-house of musical modernism. It then considers how Solomon's criticisms served as the catalyst for an explosion of scholarly activity centered on Ives in the 1990s. In particular, it describes the approaches taken by musicologists to rebut Solomon, including those associated with “New Musicology.” It also explores the etiology of the myth that Ives was a patriarch of a lineage of composers known as the American Mavericks, along with the vicissitudes of Ives scholarship at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Valentine, Scott. Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.001.0001.
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The wind power development policy community faces a conundrum. On the one hand, as the most commercially viable form of utility-scale renewable energy, the wind power industry has experienced in excess of ten-fold growth in total installed capacity over the past decade. On the other hand, installed wind power capacity still accounts for less than 2% of global electricity-generation capacity, despite the prevalence of studies indicating that, in certain situations, wind power can be a cheaper form of electricity than most fossil fuel alternatives. Accordingly, the most puzzling aspect of wind power development policy can be summed up in the following manner: given the global imperative to facilitate an expedient transition away from CO2-intensive energy technologies and the commercial viability of wind power, what is stopping the wind power industry from capturing higher market shares around the world? In Wind Power Politics and Policy, Scott Valentine examines this question from two angles. First, it presents an analysis of social, technical, economic and political (STEP) barriers which research shows tends to stymie wind power development. Case studies which examine phlegmatic wind power development in Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Canada are presented in order to demonstrate to the reader how these barriers manifest themselves in practice. Second, the book presents an analysis of STEP catalysts which have been linked to successful growth of wind power capacity in select nations. Four more case studies that examine the successful development of wind power in Denmark, Germany, the USA and China are put forth as practical examples of how supportive factors conflate to produce conditions that are conducive to growth of wind power markets. By examining its impediments and catalysts, the book will provide policymakers with insight into the types of factors that must be effectively managed in order to maximize wind power development.
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Pitts, Martin. Rural Transformation in the Urbanized Landscape. Edited by Martin Millett, Louise Revell, and Alison Moore. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697731.013.039.
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The impact of cities in the urbanized landscape of Roman Britain has long been debated. Were towns and colonies catalysts for rural economic growth or merely islands of colonial culture that served as administrative centres for the collection of tax and rent? Considering recent quantitative studies of artefactual and skeletal evidence, this chapter addresses the relationship between town and country through the lenses of consumption and social inequality. The results suggest consistent and pronounced disparities between the communities of major urban centres and the rest of the populace, in terms of access to commodities, market integration, diet, health, and general quality of life. For the first two centuries after the Claudian conquest, Britain’s first major cities stood apart, benefiting from flows of tribute that did not stimulate or depend on a reciprocal flow of goods to the countryside.
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Davidson, Jane W., and Gary E. McPherson. Learning to perform. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199346677.003.0002.
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To perform any skilled activity to expert level requires committed and intensely motivated learning. This chapter explores how musical development, particularly as it applies to learning an instrument, depends crucially on inventive and productive opportunities that coalesce in configurations unique to each learner. It reveals how an obsession with gifts and talents on the parts of researchers, teachers, parents and musicians alike has led to confusion over the nature and acquisition of the skills required for high-level music performance. It traces key theories on family scripts and self-determination to illustrate the ways in which psychological constructs shape belief and thus motivate learning. Environmental catalysts such as practice support and opportunity for creative expression offer additional significant influences. These factors are shown to align with intrapersonal characteristics and are described as syzygies, or inventive configurations, that provide pathways to committed music learning.
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Peabody, Sue. Incendiary Arguments, Justice Suspended. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233884.003.0008.
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Furcy’s lawsuit became the focal point of a constitutional crisis in Isle Bourbon between Boucher’s judiciary and Desbassayns’s civil authority. The colonial administrated, led by Desbassayns, deemed Furcy’s claim to freedom as the son of an Indian mother, crafted by the young, liberal, creole, Jacques Sully Brunet, dangerous, the potential catalyst to a slave revolt. Desbassayns ordered Furcy and Constance arrested and Sully Brunet and other allies suspended from their functions, and ultimately withheld Boucher’s salary. The crisis ended with Furcy in the Saint-Denis prison and Boucher returning to France with his wife, baby, and an enslaved wet nurse to seek royal intercession.
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Rowell, Geoffrey. The Ecclesiology of the Oxford Movement. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.15.
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Ecclesiology is fundamental to an understanding of the Oxford Movement. The catalyst of the Movement was the political modification of the Anglican confessional state, which was a significant challenge to earlier Anglican understandings of the Church. In response, a distinctive Tractarian ecclesiology was developed in Christopher Wordsworth’s Theophilus Anglicanus, John Henry Newman’s via media ecclesiology, particularly in his Lectures on the Prophetical Office of the Church, William Palmer’s exposition of the ‘Branch Theory’ of the Church, W. G. Ward’s Ideal of a Christian Church, John Keble’s ‘Anglican theory of Church Unity’ and Robert Isaac Wilberforce’s theological understanding of the Church as the ‘extension of the Incarnation’.
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Jackson, Maurice. Anthony Benezet. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038266.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the global impact of Anthony Benezet's antislavery ministry, including Benezet's influence on black abolitionists outside the Society of Friends. More than any other individual's work in the eighteenth century, that of Benezet served as a catalyst, throughout the Atlantic world, for the initial organized fight against slave trade and the eventual ending of slavery. His written work, which combined Quaker principles and Enlightenment thinking with knowledge gained through a deep study of Africa and her history, and his own contacts with black people as a teacher and philanthropist influenced men from Benjamin Franklin to John Jay and Patrick Henry in North America; from Thomas Clarkson, Granville Sharp, and William Wilberforce in England; to Condorcet and the Abbé Raynal in France. His words helped inspire African-born Olaudah Equiano and Ottabah Cugoano to write, and students at his Quaker schools such as American-born blacks Richard Allen and Absalom Jones to organize.
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Brown, Ruth Nicole. Tiara. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037979.003.0002.
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This chapter features a scene from a play entitled Endangered Black Girls (EBG), based on the lived experiences of Black girls the author has worked with in an after-school program (not SOLHOT) and has learned about through news stories. Theorizing the process of writing and performing EBG on through to subsequent productions made possible only because of the show's original cast, this chapter illustrates how creative means of expression make it possible to fully capture the complexities of Black girlhood and that attending to the complexities of Black girlhood is necessary to affirm Black girls' daily lives. Importantly, performances of EBG generated new ideas for ways Black women and girls could be present with each other, and the play was a primary catalyst for suggesting and co-organizing Saving Our Lives Hear Our Truths (SOLHOT) as transformative collective and creative work.
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Sterne, Laurence. A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Edited by Tim Parnell and Ian Jack. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537181.001.0001.
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Love is nothing without feeling. And feeling is still less without love.' Celebrated in its own day as the progenitor of 'a school of sentimental writers', A Sentimental Journey (1768) has outlasted its many imitators because of the humour and mischievous eroticism that inform Mr Yorick's travels. Setting out to journey to France and Italy he gets little further than Lyons but finds much to appreciate, in contrast to contemporary travel writers whom Sterne satirizes in the figures of Smelfungus and Mundungus. A master of ambiguity and double entendre, Sterne is nevertheless as concerned as his peers with exploring the nature of virtue; unlike other writers of sentimental fiction Sterne insists on the inseparability of desire and feeling. This new edition includes a selection from The Sermons of Mr Yorick, which shed light on the concerns of the Journey, The Journal to Eliza, which records Sterne's feelings as he languishes for the company of Eliza Draper, and A Political Romance, the satire on a local ecclesiastical squabble that was the catalyst for Sterne's literary career.
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Moynihan, Sinéad. Ireland, Migration and Return Migration. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941800.001.0001.
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Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank’s role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a "traditional" society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the “aesthetic caution” of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.
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Brandt, Marieke. Sects and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673598.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the sectarian and political developments that unfolded in northernmost Yemen’s complex and competitive environment. It explores the spread of Salafism in Yemen’s Zaydi heartland, and the interplay between Sunni radicalization and Zaydi counter-radicalization, and the various sectarian, tribal, and political stages on which this radicalization took place. Since the turn of the millennium, the Zaydi revival has been significantly shaped by the Zaydi cleric and former politician Ḥusayn Badr al-Dīn al-Ḥūthī (d. 2004), who has given the Houthi movement its name. Under Ḥusayn al-Ḥūthī’s tutelage, the Zaydi revival movement became a catalyst with the potential to unite all those, in Ṣaʿdah and beyond, who felt economically neglected, politically ostracized and religiously marginalized. The chapter explains the local role of the al-Ḥūthī family in its very area of origin, the Marrān Mountains, and reconstructs the emergence of the movement led by Ḥusayn al-Ḥūthī.
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Brumann, Christoph. Creating Universal Value. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.27.
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This chapter traces the gestation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and the rise of the World Heritage title to a global brand and major catalyst for heritage aspirations, activities, and discourses. Despite conceptual reforms in the 1990s and a more nation-centered mode of World Heritage Committee operations since 2010, Northern dominance and biases persist. Global co-custodianship of sites has remained largely symbolic and the contribution of World Heritage to international cooperation and site conservation is uneven. World Heritage has clearly broadened conceptions of cultural heritage, even if inconsistently. Social effects of site designation tend to be complex, producing both winners and losers on the local level, with external actors extending their influence. Recent financial difficulties make ambitious change unlikely for the coming years. The power of the World Heritage title is increasingly at the mercy of the treaty states’ internal conditions, rather than of the global institutional framework.
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Alonso-Minutti, Ana R. Gatas y Vatas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0008.
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This chapter centers on the activities of Gatas y Vatas, an annual experimental music festival in New Mexico that features solo performances by local practitioners. Initiated by young female Hispanic musicians as an attempt to counteract the white male dominance of local music scenes, Gatas y Vatas has become a catalyst of female empowerment where participants experience liberation while defying gender norms in an all-inclusive environment. Alonso-Minutti examines how the practices fostered in the festival are tied to a locally perceived freedom granted by Albuquerque’s complex cultural makeup. To the “Gatas,” the city is a place where “everything is possible.” She argues that this sentiment of endless potential drives performers to experiment with sound, noise, technology, and the environment and to engage in activities that foster a feminist ideal rooted in a Hispanic connection. The result is a community-oriented experimental atmosphere that has reached levels of inclusion and female equality rarely seen in experimental music scenes.
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Oksanish, John. The Elusive Middle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818489.003.0004.
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This piece considers the paradoxical reception of Vitruvius and his text, De architectura, as a bellwether of attitudes towards traditionally marginal texts and authors within the discipline of classics. Classicizing figures of the Renaissance such as Alberti sought to emulate Vitruvius’ architectural recommendations but criticized his prose. A break from the holistic esteem in which Vitruvius was held in earlier ages, such attacks on Vitruvius’ Latinity catalysed distinct patterns in the reception of De architectura, placing the text and its author (though not his architectural aesthetics) on the margins of ‘the classical’. A survey of more recent critics suggests that such prejudices about Vitruvius’ style and social status remain embedded even in sympathetic treatments of De architectura and that Vitruvius’ choice of Cicero as a literary model all but guarantees his continued marginality within classics as a literary discipline.
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Neeley, Tsedal. The Language of Global Success. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196121.001.0001.
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For nearly three decades, English has been the lingua franca of cross-border business, yet studies on global language strategies have been scarce. Providing a rare behind-the-scenes look at the high-tech giant Rakuten in the five years following its English mandate, this book explores how language shapes the ways in which employees in global organizations communicate and negotiate linguistic and cultural differences. Drawing on 650 interviews conducted across Rakuten's locations around the world, the book argues that an organization's lingua franca is the catalyst by which all employees become some kind of “expat”—detached from their native tongue or culture. Demonstrating that language can serve as the conduit for an unfamiliar culture, often in unexpected ways, the book uncovers how all organizations might integrate language effectively to tap into the promise of globalization.
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Bredekamp, Horst. Walter Benjamin’s Esteem for Carl Schmitt. Edited by Jens Meierhenrich and Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.38.
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This chapter shows why Carl Schmitt’s philosophical theories retained their fascination and conceptual force for young intellectuals in postwar Germany. Publication of a letter Walter Benjamin had written to Schmitt in 1930, which revealed his esteem for Schmitt, was a catalyst for philosophers such as Jacob Taubes, who had distanced himself from Schmitt. Taubes’s research into the two men’s relationship helped to overcome the postwar construction of a clear-cut distinction between good and bad, shedding new light on the work of both philosophers and the intellectual atmosphere of the Weimar period. Benjamin’s and Schmitt’s works convey a strong mutual influence, especially throughout the 1930s, implicitly revealed in Benjamin’s appropriation of Schmitt’s concept of the “state of exception.” The appeal of Schmitt’s theory for Benjamin lay in its suggestive force about the roles of aesthetics and avant-garde.
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Varol, Ozan O. The Enemy Within. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0012.
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The armed forces serve as the iron fist of some dictatorships. For several reasons, a military whose primary mission is fighting the political enemy within is in a poor position to serve as a democratic catalyst. If the military has taken sides on domestic conflicts and is viewed as a partisan institution that enforces government policies—particularly unpopular ones—it risks cutting its ties to society. As a result the populace may outright reject the military’s attempts to promote democratic institution building. In contrast, a military that hasn’t been mired in domestic conflicts is more likely to be viewed as a legitimate state institution in an illegitimate state apparatus. In times of regime crisis, these militaries remain free of the stigma of having pushed people around. This credibility better allows the military to lead a democratic regime change.
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Evans, Curtis J. A Politics of Conversion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190683528.003.0007.
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This chapter suggests that Billy Graham’s political and social vision is most aptly described as a “politics of conversion,” a means to enlist Christians to participate more actively in changing the nation to reflect their values and beliefs. In his early ministry, Graham offered assessments of social and political issues that put him at odds with any straightforward valorization of America as a chosen nation. Even so, Graham’s growing alarm at the sexual revolution, the “rights revolution,” crime in urban centers, the negative implications of technology, and rapidly growing communism all led him increasingly toward a conservative political position. Graham then was a catalyst in the emergence of a politics of family values, patriotism, and fighting crime that gained enormous support across the country by the late 1960s and laid the religious groundwork for the emerging New Christian Right’s strong opposition to the cultural and social agenda of leftist liberalism.
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Evans, Gareth. R2P. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.49.
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R2P was designed for pragmatists, not purists: to change state behaviour, not make new law or rewrite international relations theory. Since 2005 it has gathered momentum as a normative force, institutional catalyst, and framework for both preventive and reactive action. There are many grounds for optimism about its consolidation and further development in all these respects over the next decade and beyond: it is no longer possible for policy-makers to think and act as if mass atrocity crimes committed behind sovereign state borders are nobody else’s business. But, with dissension over the implementation of its Libyan intervention mandate in 2011 paralysing the Security Council’s subsequent response to atrocities in Syria, much remains to be done to recreate Council consensus over the hardest cases, those potentially requiring coercive military force. Some variation on the concept of ‘responsibility while protecting’, first advanced by Brazil in 2011, offers the most productive way forward.
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Hitt, Michael A., Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. The Future of Strategy Implementation. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.25.
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Little systematic research has been done on strategy implementation, yet there is a body of work providing guidance for implementation efforts. The authors examine three basic collections of work on resources and governance, managing human capital, and accounting-based control systems, explaining how these issues have implications for strategy implementation. Although the chapters in this Handbook provide many useful insights concerning issues that must be addressed in order to effectively implement firms’ strategies, there is need for more and systematic work. The purposes of this final chapter are to identify promising future research directions and to serve as a catalyst for the creation of additional collections of work that can enhance our understanding of strategy implementation. The five specific topics for which more work on strategy implementation is needed are innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing strategies and services, managing operations, managing financial assets and human capital, and strategies (international, acquisitions, differentiation).
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Rowett, Catherine. Knowing What Virtue is in Plato’s Meno. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199693658.003.0004.
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Noting the distinction between Plato and his character Socrates, I show that the failure of the Socratic project early in the Meno serves as the catalyst for the character to try out new methods to cope with concepts that lack any unitary definition. As the dialogue proceeds, Socrates uses (i) a method of ‘looking and pointing’ (in the geometry episode) whereby the slave identifies an indefinable length on a diagram, and (ii) a hypothetical method allowing consideration of other questions while keeping a disjunction of possible answers to an earlier question still unresolved. Although the hypothetical method is perfect for the Meno’s task, Socrates applies it incompetently, and the results are disappointing, in Plato’s drama. Nevertheless, the dialogue undermines Socrates’ initial assumption that one must find a definition before continuing the enquiry. It shows Plato recognizing that some ordinary concepts are not definable, and responding with appropriate procedures.
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Brysk, Alison. Mobilization: Standing Up for Women’s Security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0004.
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Social mobilization has been the catalyst, guarantor, and pathway for fulfillment of human rights worldwide. Social movements represent marginalized populations, raise consciousness of new issues, establish or bridge compelling frames for social problems, foster transnational networks, translate international norms into locally appropriate vocabularies, advocate, occupy public and forbidden space, mobilize culture change, and persuade decision makers, elites, and mass publics. This chapter treats the complementary pathways of mobilization to contest violence against women: voice, advocacy, transnationalism, vernacularization, and information politics. We will see voice against femicide in Pakistan and Brazil, alongside public protest and lobbying for reform over all types of gender violence in the Philippines, Algeria, and Argentina. Transnational mobilization strategies in Mexico and Nigeria contrast with vernacular translation of international norms by grassroots movements in India. Meanwhile, online campaigns create new repertoires and vocabularies to protest harassment, rape, and honor cultures in Pakistan, Egypt, India, and Brazil.
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Wolfe-Hill, Nana. Collaboration and Meaning Making in the Women’s Choral Rehearsal. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.10.
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This chapter gives examples of collaborative choral methods that impact female singers positively and holistically as individuals and musicians. A brief overview of the inception and facets of feminist pedagogy reveal its potential influence on singers and lays the groundwork for a qualitative research study of a collegiate women’s choir led by a conductor who has adopted the values of feminist pedagogy. The case study illustrates ways in which feminist pedagogy can be implemented in the choral rehearsal through collaborative methods that give singers the opportunity to make their own decisions within the music-making process. Through these collaborative learning techniques, singers experience an increase in mental engagement, confidence in their abilities, ownership in the music-making process, and improved musicianship. The exploration of multiple meanings and meaning-making via collaborative methods is a catalyst for self-expression, improved performance experiences, and a greater capacity within choral pedagogy to understand and relate with others.
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Watson, John Scott. Genesis of an Idea. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039867.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the intellectual seeds that led to the idea of the Prairie Crossing. It first describes the nature of the Prairie Crossing land before it was transformed by the industrial and agricultural revolutions before turning to two men who offered the inspiration that five decades later would lead George and Vicky Ranney to create Prairie Crossing: George Ranney Sr., George's father, and his uncle, Gaylord Donnelley. The chapter then considers Frederick Law Olmsted's influence on Vicky Ranney's conceptual worldview as well as the impact of both the Riverside, Illinois, and Seaside, Florida, communities on her thought process. It also discusses the Heartland Development and how it served as the catalyst for the Prairie Crossing project; the Liberty Prairie Reserve as an example of voluntary, comprehensive regional planning involving a viable public and private partnership; Prairie Crossing's guiding principles; the Liberty Prairie Foundation; and the Prairie Crossing Farm. Finally, the chapter explains how the Prairie Crossing concept was developed.
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Ashcroft, E. A., A. A. Faustini, R. Jaggannathan, and W. W. Wadge. Multidimensional Programming. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075977.001.0001.
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This book describes a powerful language for multidimensional declarative programming called Lucid. Lucid has evolved considerably in the past ten years. The main catalyst for this metamorphosis was the discovery that Lucid is based on intensional logic, one commonly used in studying natural languages. Intensionality, and more specifically indexicality, has enabled Lucid to implicitly express multidimensional objects that change, a fundamental capability with several consequences which are explored in this book. The author covers a broad range of topics, from foundations to applications, and from implementations to implications. The role of intensional logic in Lucid as well as its consequences for programming in general is discussed. The syntax and mathematical semantics of the language are given and its ability to be used as a formal system for transformation and verification is presented. The use of Lucid in both multidimensional applications programming and software systems construction (such as a parallel programming system and a visual programming system) is described. A novel model of multidimensional computation--education--is described along with its serendipitous practical benefits for harnessing parallelism and tolerating faults. As the only volume that reflects the advances over the past decade, this work will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students involved with declarative language systems and programming.
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Gardner, Colin. Louis Malle’s Kleistian War Machine: Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Woman, Becoming-Imperceptible in Black Moon (1975). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0005.
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Framed through an analysis of Kleist’s molecular war machine in his play, Penthesilea, in which Achilles and Penthesilea form a new assemblage of affective war, this chapter explores Louis Malle’s Black Moon (1975) where the battle of the sexes becomes the catalyst for a new series of becomings. The film takes the form of a waking dream as a teenage fugitive, Lily is led through a series of depersonalized movements by a unicorn to a secluded Dordogne farm where Kleist’s utopian “mad duality” is manifested though a strange, non-Oedipal family dynamic in which a mute brother and his sheep-herding sister – both also called Lily – live with a group of naked children and a bedridden elderly woman whose companion is a talking rat and where the animals are treated as equal agencies in the narrative. Although by film’s end Brother and Sister Lily become caught up in the ravages of a gender war, teenage Lily inherits this ‘deterritorialized velocity of affect’ by adopting the role of the breastfeeding mother to the unicorn, all in relation to the becoming multiplicity of the pack: in short, a true war machine that envelops both protagonists and spectators alike in a transformed zone of indiscernibility.
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Curtis, Cathy. A Generous Vision. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498474.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Elaine de Kooning (1918–1989) was a noted art critic and artist, and a prime mover in the New York art world. She was a vivacious social catalyst. Her sparkling wit enlivened meetings of the Club, nights at the Cedar Tavern, and chance conversations on the street. Her droll sense of humor, generosity of spirit, and freewheeling spending were as legendary as her ever-present cigarette. An incisive writer, she pinpointed the essence of artists as diverse as Franz Kline and August Renoir, and deftly refuted pompous critical rhetoric. As a painter, she melded Abstract Expressionism with her lifelong interest in bodily movement to capture the characteristic postures of portrait sitters ranging from artist and writer friends to President John F. Kennedy. Driven to focus on a single theme for years at a stretch, she produced multiple paintings reflecting her fascination with people and animals in motion; her subjects include bullfighting, basketball, Paleolithic cave paintings, and a multi-figure sculpture in the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris. Married to Willem de Kooning from 1943 until her death, she credited him as her greatest influence. Although the couple separated in 1957, after episodes of unfaithfulness on both sides, nearly two decades later she bought a house near his to rescue him from severe alcoholism. Rather than being overshadowed by his fame, she said, she worked “in his light.”
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MacCormack, Patricia, ed. Ahuman Abolition. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
‘The animal’ as a question, concept and catalyst toward a redress of human subjectivity enflames contemporary philosophy. Varyingly, Deleuze’s work, with and without Guattari, has been both celebrated and maligned. Donna Haraway’s scathing misreading of becoming-animal and Deleuze and Guattari’s potential fetishisation of nonhuman alterity is counterbalanced with their being utilised via their unique abstraction of ordering-concepts which call into question the function of species itself as a majoritarian practice. Thinking the nonhuman – be it nonhuman animals or our own ahumanity – is a project not for science or moral theory based on scientific operations, but philosophy, in that it is an ethical project. Through Deleuze on Spinoza, on dying well, and Deleuze and Guattari’s call to animal-abstraction and inhuman affects, this chapter argues the value of Deleuze for what is known as the extreme of animal rights – abolitionism. Beyond equivalence and any interpretation of the nonhuman perceived via human signifying systems, this chapter uses Deleuze with abolitionist ideas to argue for an absolute abolitionist stance, both philosophically and materially, in reference to contemporary tactics for ethical relations with both nonhumans and ultimately an end to humanism and humanity as the only option for creative becomings for nonhuman lives.
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Allen, Douglas. Gandhi after 9/11. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199491490.001.0001.
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The author sees Gandhi, in his writings and his life, as offering the most profound and influential theory, philosophy, and engaged practices of ahimsa. Embracing Gandhi’s insightful critiques of modernity, the book sees his approach as a creative and challenging catalyst to rethink our positions today. As expressed in the book’s title, we live in a post-9/11 world that is defined by widespread physical, psychological, economic, political, cultural, religious, technological, and environmental violence and that is increasingly unsustainable. The author’s central claim is Gandhi’s writings, philosophy, and practices, when selectively appropriated and creatively reformulated and applied, are essential for formulating new positions that are more nonviolent and more sustainable. These provide resources and hope for dealing with our contemporary crises. Two central questions the author poses for the reader are the following: What would a Gandhi-informed, valuable but humanly limited swaraj technology look like and what would a Gandhi-informed, more egalitarian, interconnected, bottom-up, decentralized world of globalization look like? In response, through a collection of essays, the book focuses on key themes in Gandhi’s thought, such as violence and nonviolence, Absolute Truth and relative truth, ethical and spiritual living. Challenging us to consider nonviolent, moral, and truthful transformative alternatives today, the author moves through essays on Gandhi in the age of technology; Gandhi after 9/11 and 26/11 terrorism; Gandhi’s controversial views on the Bhagavad-Gita and Hind Swaraj; Gandhi and Vedanta; Gandhi on socialism; Gandhi and marginality, caste, class, race, and oppressed others.
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O'Dwyer, Conor. Coming Out of Communism. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479876631.001.0001.
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This book offers a close study of the rapidly evolving politics of LGBT rights in postcommunist Europe, where social attitudes have historically marginalized the issue and where the legacy of weak civil society has handicapped activism in general. What happens in societies such as these when increased exposure to transnational institutions such as the European Union and the minority-rights norms that they promote brings new visibility to LGBT issues? Is activism boosted by the infusion of resources from transnational networks? Or does transnational pressure bring backlash, inflaming antigay attitudes and driving activism underground? This study uncovers and explains the surprising divergence in the organization of LGBT activism in postcommunist Europe, focusing on Poland and the Czech Republic from the late 1980s through 2012. Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania form additional case studies. It argues that domestic backlash against transnational rights norms has been a primary catalyst for organizational development in the region’s most robust LGBT movements. It offers a comparative framework of broader relevance describing the conditions under which transnational pressure and domestic politics may interact to build robust activism, or not. This theorization offers resolution for a striking puzzle of LGBT politics in the countries examined: Why is the most organized and influential activism often found in societies where attitudes toward homosexuality are least tolerant? The book uses a multimethod research design drawing on field interviews, original sources, and participant observation to process trace how the framing of homosexuality and the organization of LGBT activism change in historical time.
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Seibert-Fohr, Anja. The Effect of Subsequent Practice on the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830009.003.0004.
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Under which conditions and to what extent can subsequent State practice legitimately influence the interpretation or even modify international treaties? This issue of general international law has been on the European Court of Human Rights’ agenda for quite some time and is ongoing as evidenced in Hassan v The United Kingdom. While State practice has traditionally played a role in the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights in its dynamic interpretation, the Court’s methodology to determine under what circumstance and to what extent State practice is able to affect the scope and meaning of the Convention remains uncertain. This chapter develops a general theoretical framework, which rationalizes the normative value of subsequent practice in the context of human rights treaty interpretation and sets out its relevant standards. Drawing from the International Law Commission’s work on ‘Subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to interpretation of treaties’, the author argues that the Vienna rules provide a useful point of departure without the need for additional means of interpretation. This matrix allows sufficient flexibility to accommodate the specific nature of human rights law. The author proposes a normative scale, which can guide the Court in enhancing its methodological consistency. Pursuant to this scale, exigencies for the density of subsequent practice and the degree of acceptance pursuant to Article 38(1)(b) VCLT vary depending on the nature of the rule and the claimed normative value of State practice. Once State practice meets the required standard, it can sustain the legitimacy of treaty interpretation and serve as a catalyst for the advancement of human rights.
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Hellwig, Timothy, Yesola Kweon, and Jack Vowles. Democracy Under Siege? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846208.001.0001.
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For the worlds democracies, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–9 was catalyst for the most precipitous economic downturn in eight decades. This book examines how the GFC and ensuing Great Recession affected the workings of mass politics in the established democracies. The initial wave of research on the crisis concluded it did little to change the established relationships between voters, parties, and elections. Yet, nearly a decade since the initial shock, we are witnessing a wave of political changes, the extent to which has not been fully explained by existing studies. How did the economic malaise bear on the political preferences of citizens? This book pushes against the received wisdom by advancing a framework for understanding citizen attitudes, preferences, and behaviour. We make two main claims. First, while previous studies of the GFC tend to focus on an immediate impact of the crisis, we argue that economic malaise had a long-lasting impact. In addition to economic shock, we emphasize that economic recovery has a significant impact on citizens assessment of political elites. Second, we argue that unanticipated exogenous shocks like the GFC grant party elites an opening for political manoeuvre through public policy and rhetoric. As a result, political elites have a high degree of agency to shape public perceptions and behaviour. Political parties can strategically moderate citizens economic uncertainty, mobilize/demobilize voters, and alter individuals political preferences. By leveraging data from over 150,000 individuals across over 100 nationally representative post-election surveys from the 1990s to 2017, this book tests these research claims across a range of outcomes, including economic perceptions, policy demands, political participation, and the vote.
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Bonds, Mark Evan. The Beethoven Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068479.001.0001.
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The “Beethoven syndrome” is the inclination of listeners to hear music as the projection of a composer’s inner self. Beethoven’s music was a catalyst for this change, but only in retrospect, for it was not until after his death that listeners began to hear composers in general—not just Beethoven—in their works, particularly in their instrumental music. The Beethoven Syndrome: Hearing Music as Autobiography traces the rise, fall, and persistence of this mode of listening from the middle of the eighteenth century to the present. Prior to 1830, composers and audiences alike operated within a framework of rhetoric, in which the burden of intelligibility lay squarely on the composer, whose task it was to move listeners in a calculated way. Expression was thought of as an objective construct with a purpose. But through a confluence of musical, philosophical, social, and economic changes, the framework of rhetoric gave way to a framework of hermeneutics. Under the paradigm of expressive subjectivity, concert-goers no longer perceived composers as orators but as oracles to be deciphered. The aesthetics of “New Objectivity” around 1920 marked a return not only to certain stylistic features of eighteenth-century music but to the earlier concept of expression itself. Objectivity would go on to become the cornerstone of the high-modernist aesthetic that dominated the century’s middle decades. Perceptions of compositional subjectivity have nevertheless endured in surprising ways, and we find ourselves today in an era of dual and often conflicting paradigms.
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Kalyvas, Stathis. Modern Greece. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199948772.001.0001.
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Just a few years ago, Greece appeared to be a politically secure nation with a healthy economy. Today, Greece can be found at the center of the economic maelstrom in Europe. Beginning in late 2008, the Greek economy entered a nosedive that would transform it into the European country with the most serious and intractable fiscal problems. Both the deficit and the unemployment rate skyrocketed. Quickly thereafter, Greece edged toward a pre-revolutionary condition, as massive anti-austerity protests punctuated by violence and vandalism spread throughout Greek cities. Greece was certainly not the only country hit hard by the recession, but nevertheless the entire world turned its focus toward it for a simple reason: the possibility of a Greek exit from the European Monetary Union, and its potential to unravel the entire Union, with other weaker members heading for the exits as well. The fate of Greece is inextricably tied up with the global politics surrounding austerity as well. Is austerity rough but necessary medicine, or is it an intellectually bankrupt approach to fiscal policy that causes ruin? Through it all, Greece has staggered from crisis to crisis, and the European central bank’s periodic attempts to prop up its economy fall short in the face of popular recalcitrance and negative economic growth. Though the catalysts for Greece’s current economic crises can be found in the conditions and events of the past few years, one can only understand the factors that helped to transform these crises into a terrible political and social catastrophe by tracing Greece’s development as an independent country over the past two centuries. In Greece: What Everyone Needs to Know, Stathis Kalyvas, an eminent scholar of conflict, Europe, and Greece, begins by elucidating the crisis’s impact on contemporary Greek society. He then shifts his focus to modern Greek history, tracing the nation’s development from the early nineteenth century to the present. Key episodes include the independence movement of the early nineteenth century, the aftermath of World War I (in which Turkey and Greece engaged in a massive mutual ethnic cleansing), the German occupation of World War II, the brutal civil war that followed, the postwar conflict with Turkey over Cyprus, the military coup of 1967, and-finally-democracy and entry into the European Union. The final part of the book will cover the recent crisis in detail. Written by one of the most brilliant political scientists in the academy, Greece is the go-to resource for understanding both the present turmoil and the deeper past that has brought the country to where it is now.
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.001.0001.
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Books dealing with the mechanisms of enzymatic reactions were written a generation ago. They included volumes entitled Bioorganic Mechanisms, I and II by T.C. Bruice and S.J. Benkovic, published in 1965, the volume entitled Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology by W.P. Jencks in 1969, and the volume entitled Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms by C.T. Walsh in 1979. The Walsh book was based on the course taught by W.P. Jencks and R.H. Abeles at Brandeis University in the 1960's and 1970's. By the late 1970's, much more could be included about the structures of enzymes and the kinetics and mechanisms of enzymatic reactions themselves, and less emphasis was placed on chemical models. Walshs book was widely used in courses on enzymatic mechanisms for many years. Much has happened in the field of mechanistic enzymology in the past 15 to 20 years. Walshs book is both out-of-date and out-of-focus in todays world of enzymatic mechanisms. There is no longer a single volume or a small collection of volumes to which students can be directed to obtain a clear understanding of the state of knowledge regarding the chemicals mechanisms by which enzymes catalyze biological reactions. There is no single volume to which medicinal chemists and biotechnologists can refer on the subject of enzymatic mechanisms. Practitioners in the field have recognized a need for a new book on enzymatic mechanisms for more than ten years, and several, including Walsh, have considered undertaking to modernize Walshs book. However, these good intentions have been abandoned for one reason or another. The great size of the knowledge base in mechanistic enzymology has been a deterrent. It seems too large a subject for a single author, and it is difficult for several authors to coordinate their work to mutual satisfaction. This text by Perry A. Frey and Adrian D. Hegeman accomplishes this feat, producing the long-awaited replacement for Walshs classic text.
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Sigalas, Emmanuel. The European Union Space Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.183.
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The European Union Space Policy (EUSP) is one of the lesser known and, consequently, little understood policies of the European Union (EU). Although the EU added outer space as one of its competences in 2009 with the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, the EUSP roots go back decades earlier.Officially at least, there is no EUSP as such, but rather a European Space Policy (ESP). The ESP combines in principle space programs and competences that cut across three levels of governance: the supranational (EU), the international (intergovernmental), and the national. However, since the EU acquired treaty competences on outer space, it is clear that a nascent EUSP has emerged, even if no one yet dares calling it by its name.Currently, three EU space programs stand out: Galileo, Copernicus, and EGNOS. Galileo is probably the better known and more controversial of the three. Meant to secure European independence from the U.S. global positioning system by putting in orbit a constellation of European satellites, Galileo has been plagued by several problems. One of them was the collapse of the public–private partnership funding scheme in 2006, which nearly killed it. However, instead of marking the end of EUSP, the termination of the public–private partnership served as a catalyst in its favor. Furthermore, research findings indicate that the European Parliament envisioned an EUSP long before the European Commission published its first communication in this regard. This is a surprising yet highly interesting finding because it highlights the fact that in addition to the Commission or the European Court of Justice, the European Parliament is a thus far neglected policy entrepreneur. Overall, the development of the EUSP is an almost ideal case study of European integration by stealth, largely in line with the main principles of two related European integration theories: neofunctionalism and historical institutionalism.Since EUSP is a relatively new policy, the existing academic literature on this policy is also limited. This has also to do with the degree of public interest in outer space in general. Outer space’s popularity reached its heyday during the Cold War era. Today space, in Europe and in other continents, has to compete harder than ever for public attention and investment. Still, research on European space cooperation is growing, and there are reasons to be optimistic about its future.