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1
Sweet, Roger, and Wecker David. Mastering the Universe: He-Man and the Rise and Fall of a Billion-Dollar Idea. Emmis Books, 2005.
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Belsey, Alex. Image of a Man. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620290.001.0001.
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The post-war British artist Keith Vaughan (1912-77) painted male figures, whether alone or in groups, as a life-long enquiry into identity, sensuality, and the sanctity of the body. Yet Vaughan was not only a supremely accomplished painter; he was an impassioned, eloquent writer. Commenced in the summer of 1939 as war across Europe seemed inevitable, Vaughan’s journal was a space in which he could articulate ideas about politics, art, love and sex during a period of great political and personal upheaval. Image of a Man is the first book to provide a comprehensive critical reading of Vaughan’s extraordinary journal, which spans thirty-eight years and sixty-one volumes to form a major literary work and a fascinating document of changing times. From close textual analysis of the original manuscripts, this book uncovers the attitudes and arguments that shaped and reshaped Vaughan’s identity as a man and as an artist. It reveals a continual process of self-construction through journal-writing, undertaken to navigate the difficulties of conscientious objection, the complications of desire as a gay man, and the challenges of making meaningful art. By focussing on Vaughan’s journal-writing in the context of its many influences and its centrality to his art practice, Image of a Man offers not only a compelling new critical biography of a significant yet underappreciated artist, but also a sustained argument on the constructed nature of the ‘artist’ persona in early and mid-twentieth-century culture – and the opportunities afforded by life-writing, specifically journal and diary forms, to make such constructions possible.
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McClune, Kate. ‘He was but a Yong Man’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787525.003.0006.
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This chapter analyses the presentation of the figure of King Arthur in a selection of Scots chronicles and romances. It considers Scots ambivalence towards the figure of Arthur, and examines this against the perennial Scots concern with the problem of youthful kingship. In doing so, it highlights a hitherto neglected aspect in the equivocal Scottish treatments of Arthur: the issue of age. It argues that the varied nature of Arthur’s characterization is related to the extreme youth of the true heir (in Scots tradition at least), Modred, and a corresponding anxiety about minority rule which reflects contemporary Scots concerns. It concludes with an analysis of Malory’s Morte Darthur and points to hitherto unnoticed parallels in the English tradition.
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Hutton, Ronald. The Making of Oliver Cromwell. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300257458.001.0001.
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Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) — the only English commoner to become the overall head of state — is one of the great figures of history, but his character was very complex. He was at once courageous and devout, devious and self-serving; as a parliamentarian, he was devoted to his cause; as a soldier, he was ruthless. Cromwell's speeches and writings surpass in quantity those of any other ruler of England before Victoria and, for those seeking to understand him, he has usually been taken at his word. This book untangles the facts from the fiction. Cromwell, pursuing his devotion to God and cementing his Puritan support base, quickly transformed from obscure provincial to military victor. At the end of the first English Civil War, he was poised to take power. The book reveals a man who was both genuine in his faith and deliberate in his dishonesty — and uncovers the inner workings of the man who has puzzled biographers for centuries.
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Woodhead, Linda. 1. Jesus: the God-man. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199687749.003.0002.
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‘Jesus: the God-man’ outlines the ways in which Jesus has been interpreted, and the role these understandings play in setting the boundaries of Christian thought and possibility. Christians agree that Jesus Christ has unique significance, yet they differ over how to explain it. Is he the human figure who teaches, inspires, and dies for the cause in which he believes? Or the divine figure who performs miracles, fulfils prophecies, rises from the dead, and is God. The orthodox position is that he is the God-man—both human and divine. The battles between these different understandings of Jesus, and the communities and institutions established around them, have shaped the course of Christianity.
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Stevenson, Leslie. Eighteen Takes on God. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190066109.001.0001.
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This is a compact introduction to a variety of conceptions of God. Part I examines eight theologies: God as an old man in the sky; as an incorporeal person; as a necessary being; as truth, goodness, and beauty; apophatic theology (beyond all words); pantheism; deism; and open theology in which God acts and changes. The discussion shows differences over whether God is a person, whether he (?) is gendered, whether he is simple, whether he changes over time, and whether he can be spoken of at all. Part II reviews five different ways of understanding language about God: instrumentalism, reductionism, postmodernism, relativism, and a Wittgensteinian view. Part III moves closer to religious experience and practice, looking at the views of Otto, Buber, Kant, Tillich, and Quakers. There are also comments and endnotes on such diverse figures as William Blake, Samuel Palmer, Feuerbach, Don Cupitt, Goethe, Kierkegaard, Iris Murdoch, Simone Weil, Abbe Louf, John Gray, and Keith Ward. There is no overall commitment to theism, atheism, or agnosticism. Instead there is a sympathetic account of various views of the divine, combined with critical questioning about their meaning and practical application. In Chapter 18 Quakerism is recommended as one good way.
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Ferguson, Gillum. Dickson and Forsyth. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036743.003.0006.
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This chapter talks about the meeting of two former enemies—Robert Dickson and Thomas Forsyth—in Saint Louis after the war had ended. During a cordial evening, the two talked over their exploits during the war. Dickson was one of the most colorful figures on the frontier; the Indians idolized him. He was a large man of commanding appearance, with a ruddy complexion and blazing red hair, for which the Indians gave him the name “The Red Head.” Meanwhile, Forsyth's ambiguous citizenship enabled him to live safely among the Indians by posing as an Englishman, but some Americans on the frontier distrusted him as a British subject. The outbreak of war brought Dickson and Forsyth into the service of their respective countries, and thus into conflict with each other.
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James, Henry. The Aspern Papers and Other Stories. Edited by Adrian Poole. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199639878.001.0001.
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There's no baseness I wouldn't commit for Jeffrey Aspern's sake.’ The poet Aspern, long since dead, has left behind some private papers. They are jealously guarded by an old lady, once his mistress and muse, a recluse in an old palazzo in Venice, tended by her ingenuous niece. A predatory critic is determined to seize them. What can he make of the younger woman? What are his motives? What are the papers worth and what is he prepared to pay? In all four stories collected here, including ‘The Death of the Lion’, ‘The Figure in the Carpet’, and ‘The Birthplace’, the figure of the artist is central. Extraordinarily prophetic, James explores the emergent new cult of the writer as celebrity, and asks, who cares about the work for itself? Can the man behind the artist ever truly be known, and does our knowledge explain the act of creativity? This new edition includes extracts from James's Prefaces and Notebooks which shed light on the genesis of the stories.
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Baloh, Robert W. Ménière, a Man of Many Interests. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600129.003.0003.
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Prosper Ménière was born in1799 in Angers, France. Ménière completed 3 years at the Preparatory School of Medicine at the University of Angers before moving to Paris in 1819 to complete his medical studies. He received his doctorate of medicine in 1828 and was appointed as an aide in the clinic of the famous surgeon Baron Dupuytren in the Hôtel-Dieu. The way that Ménière went about educating himself on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the ear after his appointment to head the Deaf-Mute Institute in 1838 provides insight to his analytic approach. In the years that he served as Director of the Deaf-Mute Institute, Ménière socialized with some of the most prominent members of mid-19th-century France. He was probably as well known a figure in society as he was as a physician. Ménière was a complex man with many different interests and many talents.
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Dollbaum, Jan Matti, Morvan Lallouet, and Ben Noble. Navalny. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197611708.001.0001.
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Alexei Navalny—the anti-corruption activist and leading figure of the Russian opposition—was poisoned in August 2020. Following recovery in Germany, he returned to Russia in January 2021 in the full glare of the world’s media. But who exactly is Navalny? To some, he is a democratic hero. To others, he is a traitor. To others still, he is a dangerous nationalist. Media portrayals of Navalny are often black and white—of Navalny versus Vladimir Putin, democrat versus dictator, good versus evil. The book challenges these simple framings, exploring the many nuances and shades of grey. The book charts Navalny's successive attempts to challenge Vladimir Putin and Russia’s authoritarian regime as an anti-corruption activist, politician, and protest leader. By following these three threads, Navalny: Putin’s Nemesis, Russia’s Future? sheds light on both the life of this central opposition figure and on twenty years of Russian politics. The book provides insights into Navalny’s movement, drawing on surveys and interview data from activists on the ground. Finally, it analyses the dynamic interaction between Navalny and the Kremlin. Rather than a traditional biography, therefore, the book provides a political portrait of Navalny the man alongside his team and the movement he built, placing him in his political and social context. To understand modern-day Russia, we need to understand Navalny.
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Atkins, Joseph B. Harry Dean Stanton. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180106.001.0001.
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Harry Dean Stanton (1926--2017) got his start in Hollywood in TV productions such as Zane Grey Theater and Gunsmoke. After a series of minor parts in forgettable westerns, he gradually began to get film roles that showcased his laid-back acting style, appearing in Cool Hand Luke (1967), Kelly's Heroes (1970), The Godfather: Part II (1974), and Alien (1979). He became a headliner in the eighties -- starring in Wim Wenders's moving Paris, Texas (1984) and Alex Cox's Repo Man (1984) -- but it was his extraordinary skill as a character actor that established him as a revered cult figure and kept him in demand throughout his career. Joseph B. Atkins unwinds Stanton's enigmatic persona in the first biography of the man Vanity Fair memorialized as "the philosopher poet of character acting." He sheds light on Stanton's early life in West Irvine, Kentucky, exploring his difficult relationship with his Baptist parents, his service in the Navy, and the events that inspired him to drop out of college and pursue acting. Atkins also chronicles Stanton's early years in California, describing how he honed his craft at the renowned Pasadena Playhouse before breaking into television and movies. In addition to examining the actor's acclaimed body of work, Atkins also explores Harry Dean Stanton as a Hollywood legend, following his years rooming with Jack Nicholson, partying with David Crosby and Mama Cass, jogging with Bob Dylan, and playing poker with John Huston. "HD Stanton" was scratched onto the wall of a jail cell in Easy Rider (1969) and painted on an exterior concrete wall in Drive, He Said (1971). Critic Roger Ebert so admired the actor that he suggested the "Stanton-Walsh Rule," which states that "no movie featuring either Harry Dean Stanton or M. Emmet Walsh in a supporting role can be altogether bad." Harry Dean Stanton is often remembered for his crowd-pleasing roles in movies like Pretty in Pink (1986) or Escape from New York (1981), but this impassioned biography illuminates the entirety of his incredible sixty-year career. Drawing on interviews with the actor's friends, family, and colleagues, this much-needed book offers an unprecedented look at a beloved figure.
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Rickels, Laurence A. Mister V and the Unmournable Animal Death. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses on the unmournable nature of animal death, turning to Heidegger, Freud and Melanie Klein (as advocates of both successful and unsuccessful mourning, first and second deaths) as entry points for an analysis of Emilie Deleuze’s 2003 film, Mister V. The film tracks the changes in relationality incurred when the eponymous psychotic horse escapes and tests not only the boundaries of the film’s diegesis but also its own discursive fabulation. Here man, as majority figure, is not an option for becoming. Man must be divested of his majoritarian status before he can become other. In this regard, ‘becoming-animal’ is the missing link between man and ‘becoming multiple’, so that the metamorphosis necessarily entails a ‘loss’ as initiation so that we can enter the substitutive order of becoming-other. This is not necessarily incompatible with Freud. Indeed, the two main trajectories of the latter’s thought: 1) totemic identification and 2) castration (as an initiation into the ‘management’ of loss or lack) also separate out as tendencies of unmourning and ‘successful mourning’, of first and second deaths, respectively. Both are compatible with the anti-Oedipal momentum of Deleuze and Guattari’s schizoanalysis.
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Williams, Sonja D. Black Political Power. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses on Richard Durham's pursuit of new creative challenges after writing The Greatest. Durham had long talked about writing a book about Aesop—the man whose morality tales known as fables carry his name. Another historical figure who had long drawn Durham's creative interest was a man named Hannibal Barca, also known as Hannibal the Great or Hannibal the Conqueror. However, neither the Aesop nor the Hannibal project materialized. By the late 1970s, Durham knew that the seeds of a growing black political movement were sprouting in his hometown. His longtime friend, Illinois congressman Harold Washington, eventually became the first black mayor in Chicago, one of the most segregated and politically contentious cities in America. On April 27, 1984, Durham was in New York City meeting with Rukmini Sukarno about business opportunities as well as the autobiography she wanted him to write. Not long after the meeting, Durham succumbed to an acute coronary thrombosis. He was sixty-six years old.
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Moynihan, Sinéad. Ireland, Migration and Return Migration. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941800.001.0001.
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Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank’s role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a "traditional" society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the “aesthetic caution” of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.
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Musgrave, Toby. The Multifarious Mr. Banks. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300223835.001.0001.
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As official botanist on James Cook's first circumnavigation, the longest-serving president of the Royal Society, advisor to King George III, the “father of Australia,” and the man who established Kew as the world's leading botanical garden, Sir Joseph Banks was integral to the English Enlightenment. Yet he has not received the recognition that his multifarious achievements deserve. This book reveals the true extent of Banks's contributions to science and Britain. From an early age Banks pursued his passion for natural history through study and extensive travel, most famously on the HMS Endeavour. He went on to become a pivotal figure in the advancement of British scientific, economic, and colonial interests. With his enquiring, enterprising mind and extensive network of correspondents, Banks's reputation and influence were global. Drawing widely on Banks's writings, the book sheds light on his profound impact on British science and empire in an age of rapid advancement.
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Haw, Richard. Engineering America. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190663902.001.0001.
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John Roebling was one of the nineteenth century’s most brilliant engineers, ingenious inventors, successful manufacturers, and fascinating personalities. Raised in a German backwater amid the war-torn chaos of the Napoleonic Wars, he immigrated to the United States in 1831, where he became wealthy and acclaimed, eventually receiving a carte-blanche contract to build one of the nineteenth century’s most stupendous and daring works of engineering: a gigantic suspension bridge to span the East River between New York and Brooklyn. In between, he thought, wrote, and worked tirelessly. He dug canals and surveyed railroads; he planned communities and founded new industries. Horace Greeley called him “a model immigrant”; generations later, F. Scott Fitzgerald worked on a script for the movie version of his life. Like his finest creations, Roebling was held together by a delicate balance of countervailing forces. On the surface, his life was exemplary and his accomplishments legion. As an immigrant and employer, he was respected throughout the world. As an engineer, his works profoundly altered the physical landscape of America. He was a voracious reader, a fervent abolitionist, and an engaged social commentator. His understanding of the natural world, however, bordered on the occult, and his opinions about medicine are best described as medieval. For a man of science and great self-certainty, he was also remarkably quick to seize on a whole host of fads and foolish trends. Yet Roebling spun these strands together. Throughout his life, he believed in the moral application of science and technology, that bridges—along with other great works of connection, the Atlantic cable, the Transcontinental Railroad—could help bring people together, erase divisions, and heal wounds. Like Walt Whitman, Roebling was deeply committed to the creation of a more perfect union, forged from the raw materials of the continent. John Roebling was a complex, deeply divided, yet undoubtedly influential figure, and his biography illuminates not only his works but also the world of nineteenth-century America. Roebling’s engineering feats are well known, but the man himself is not; for alongside the drama of large-scale construction lies an equally rich drama of intellectual and social development and crisis, one that mirrored and reflected the great forces, trials, and failures of the American nineteenth century.
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Ojakangas, Mika. Plato. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0019.
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There are not many books by Agamben in which Plato does not figure. In The Man Without Content (MC 52–64), Agamben discusses the Platonic discrepancy between politics and poetry; in Stanzas, he examines Plato’s conceptions of love (S 115–21) and phantasm (S 73–5); in Infancy and History (IH 73), Agamben takes up Plato’s concept of time (aion and chronos), while in The End of the Poem (EP 17) he examines Plato’s criticism of tragedy. In Language and Death (LD 91–2), he gives an account of Socrates’ ‘demon’ and Plato’s Idea (eidos) – though he investigates the latter more thoroughly in Potentialities (PO 27–38), in which he also briefly touches upon Plato’s doctrine of matter (khôra) (PO 218). In Idea of Prose (IP 120–3) and The ComingCommunity (CC 76–7), it is the Platonic Idea again that is under scrutiny, albeit more implicitly than in Potentialities. In Homo Sacer (HS 33–5), Agamben offers an interpretation of Plato’s treatment of Pindar’s nomos basileus fragment and the sophistic opposition between nomos and physis, whereas in The Sacrament of Language (SL 29) he touches on Plato’s critique of oath. In The Signature of All Things (ST 22–6), Agamben gives an account of Plato’s ‘paradigmatic’ method, while in Stasis (STA 5–12) we find an analysis of Plato’s conception of civil war (stasis).
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Firebrace, William. Memo for Nemo. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14433.001.0001.
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A cultural history of living in the undersea, both fictional and real, from Jules Verne's Captain Nemo to NASA's ECC02 project. In Memo for Nemo, William Firebrace investigates human inhabitation of the undersea, both fictional and real. Beginning with Jules Verne's Captain Nemo—an undersea Renaissance man with a library of 12,000 volumes on his submarine—and proceeding through aquariums, undersea photography, artificial seas on land, nuclear-powered submarines, undersea film epics, giant squid, and NASA satellites, Firebrace examines the undersea as a zone created by exploration and invention. Throughout, the history of undersea life is accompanied by an imagined undersea, envisioned by cultural figures ranging from Verne and Herman Melville to Orson Welles and Jimi Hendrix. Firebrace takes readers though the enormous sequence of rooms (impossible in real life) in Nemo's submarine, recounts the competition among nineteenth-century cities to build the most spectacular aquatic world, and explains the workings of the bathysphere—an early underwater vessel modeled on a hot-air balloon. He considers the aquarium's function in films as a sort of viewing lens, describes the chlorine-proof artificial sea life seen by passengers on the submarine ride at Disneyland, and reports that Jacques Cousteau's famous underwater documentaries were in fact highly staged. The oceans of today are not those imagined by Verne; they are changing from both natural processes and human influence. Memo for Nemo documents the power of the undersea in both art and life.
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Ware, Ben, Mikel Burley, and Dinda L. Gorlȳe. Wittgenstein’s Family Letters. Edited by F. A. Flowers III and Ian Ground. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474298155.
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With a quality all their own, Wittgenstein’s Family Letters reveals a side of Ludwig Wittgenstein few would have known. The familiarity and intimacy of the letters offer new insights into the development of his relationships and ideas over the course of forty years. In his usual frank, and sometimes brutally honest manner, he explains his decisions to lead a life in absolute agreement with what he considered right for him. In correspondence with his siblings we learn more about Ludwig’s refusal to be known as a ‘Wittgenstein’ during his time as a school teacher and his insistence to celebrate Christmas not with the family, but with friends. Using a different tone for each of his siblings, he creates distinct portraits of the siblings themselves. The open and simple tone to Hermine, a mother figure to Ludwig; the practical and sometimes joking tone to Paul; and, most strikingly, the loving and witty tone to Helene Salzer, the sibling closest to Ludwig and with whom he remained in contact until his death. The most intellectual and original of his sisters, Margaret, is seen primarily through her letters to Ludwig, as almost no letters to her are believed to have survived from him. Translated into English for the first time, these personal letters not only illuminate Wittgenstein the philosopher, they bring us closer to Ludwig Wittgenstein the man.
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Finger, Stanley, and Paul Eling. Franz Joseph Gall. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464622.001.0001.
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Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) viewed himself as a cutting-edge scientist, whose broad goals were to understand the mind and brain, and to be able to account for both group and individual behavioral traits in humans and animals. Starting in Vienna during the 1790s, he argued for many independent faculties of mind (e.g., music, calculation), ultimately settling on 27, with 8 being unique to humans. At the same time, he became the first person to provide evidence for cortical localization of function, the idea that the cerebral cortex is composed of specialized functional areas or organs, as he preferred to say. But although he utilized many acceptable methods in his multifaceted research program (e.g., dissections, studying people with brain damage, and observing behaviors over a lifetime), his doctrine was highly controversial from the start. For scientists and physicians, this was largely because he made cranioscopy his primary method, believing cranial bumps and depressions faithfully reflect the cortical organs and could be correlated with specific behaviors. In this book, Gall is shown to be a dedicated scientist with brilliant insights: a free-thinking naturalist of the mind and a visionary of the brain, yet a researcher with faults. Despite being frequently portrayed as a charlatan or comical figure, the authors also show how what others called his “phrenology” (a term he abhorred) helped shape the modern neurosciences and other disciplines. Maintaining that Gall’s impact deserves more recognition today, this book provides a fresh look at the man, his objectives, and his revolutionary doctrine.
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Alden, Maureen. Paradigms for Odysseus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199291069.003.0006.
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The poem compares Odysseus with Heracles through shared epithets and exploits (including catabasis and archery), but the Heracles paradigm is discredited by Heracles’ murder of his guest-friend Iphitus. The vignette of Odysseus’ naming by his grandfather, Autolycus, identifies the source of the hero’s ancestral cunning and motivates his visit as a young man to Parnassus, where he kills a boar when hunting with his uncles, thereby effecting his initiation into adulthood. The boar hunt test is the pattern for the bow contest: Odysseus corresponds in each to the marginalized initiation candidate. The lightly armed Odysseus who, like Apollo, kills young men with his arrows gives way in the fight with the suitors to a heavily armed hoplite figure whose divine model is Apollo Delphinios, who at the new moon of the new year presides over the ἀπέλλα (assembly) where young men make the transition into the community of adult men.
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Canevaro, Lilah Grace. Object-Oriented Odysseus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826309.003.0004.
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Odysseus is shown to be a liminal figure, far from home, yet unable to put down roots elsewhere, torn between women, their agent objects, and the potential lives they represent. As a unique male character in the Homeric poems, Odysseus expresses himself through objects in a unique way that is coloured by the female sphere and so points to the very cause of his liminality. This chapter focuses closely on one particular object, the chest given to Odysseus by Arete in Odyssey 8 that becomes a trigger of nostalgic reverie; and on one boundary point between person and thing, the hand. It examines how Odysseus uses, creates, and merges with objects—and how he repurposes them, changing their identity as much as his own. Odysseus’ propensity for repurposing is tracked also in simile, with the reconceptualizing function of simile mobilized especially in relation to the man of many turns.
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Erskine, Andrew. Standing up to the Demos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748472.003.0011.
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Plutarch wrote twenty-three Greek Lives in his series of Parallel Lives—of these, ten were devoted to Athenians. Since Plutarch shared the hostile view of democracy of Polybius and other Hellenistic Greeks, this Athenian preponderance could have been a problem for him. But Plutarch uses these men’s handling of the democracy and especially the demos as a way of gaining insight into the character and capability of his protagonists. This chapter reviews Plutarch’s attitude to Athenian democracy and examines the way a statesman’s character is illuminated by his interaction with the demos. It also considers what it was about Phocion that so appealed to Plutarch, first by looking at his relationship with the democracy and then at the way he evokes the memory of Socrates. For him this was not a minor figure, but a man whose life was representative of the problems of Athenian democracy.
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McGuire, Brian Patrick. Bernard of Clairvaux. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751042.001.0001.
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This intimate portrait of one of the Middle Ages' most consequential men, delves into the life of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux to offer a refreshing interpretation that finds within this grand historical figure a deeply spiritual human being who longed for the reflective quietude of the monastery even as he helped shape the destiny of a church and a continent. Heresy and crusade, politics and papacies, theology and disputation shaped this astonishing man's life, and this book presents it all. Following Bernard from his birth in 1090 to his death in 1153 at the abbey he had founded four decades earlier, the book reveals a life teeming with momentous events and spiritual contemplation, from Bernard's central roles in the first great medieval reformation of the Church and the Second Crusade, which he came to regret, to the crafting of his books, sermons, and letters. We see what brought Bernard to monastic life and how he founded Clairvaux Abbey, established a network of Cistercian monasteries across Europe, and helped his brethren monks and abbots in heresy trials, affairs of state, and the papal schism of the 1130s. By re-evaluating Bernard's life and legacy through his own words and those of the people closest to him, the book reveals how this often-challenging saint saw himself and conveyed his convictions to others. Above all, the biography depicts Saint Bernard of Clairvaux as a man guided by Christian revelation and open to the achievements of the human spirit.
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Temkin, Sefton D. Creating American Reform Judaism. Liverpool University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774457.001.0001.
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Isaac Mayer Wise (1819–1900), founder of the major institutions of Reform Judaism in America, was a man of his time — a pioneer in a pioneer’s world. When he came to America from his childhood Bohemia in 1846, he found fewer than 50,000 Jews and only two ordained rabbis. With his sense of mission and tireless energy, he set himself to tailoring the vehicle of Reform Judaism to meet the needs of the growing Jewish community. Wise strove for unity among American Jews, and for a college to train rabbis to serve them. The establishment of Hebrew Union College (1875) was the crowning achievement of his life. His quest for unity also led him to draw up an American Jewish prayer-book, Minhag America, to found the Central Conference of American Rabbis, and to edit two weeklies; their editorials, breathing fire and energy, were no less important in his quest for leadership. Here as elsewhere, it was his persistence that won him the war where his impetuosity lost him many battles. This book captures the vigour of Wise’s personality and the politics and concerns of contemporary Jewish life and leadership in America. The biography is a lively portrait of a rabbi whose singular efforts in many fields made him a pivotal figure in the naturalization of the Jew and Judaism in the New World.
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Naremore, James. Some Versions of Cary Grant. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197566374.001.0001.
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Some Versions of Cary Grant analyses Cary Grant’s performances in a gallery of his best films, arguing that he not only had exceptional skills but also greater range than is usually recognized. Organized in terms of five versions of Grant, it emphasizes his work as a farceur in The Awful Truth (1937), Bringing Up Baby (1938), and His Girl Friday (1940); as a dark figure in Suspicion (1941) and Notorious (1946); as a romantic leading man in An Affair to Remember (1957) and Indiscreet (1958); as a domestic male in Mr Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948) and Room for One More (1952); and as a Cockney character in Sylvia Scarlett (1935) and None but the Lonely Heart (1944). A close study of an actor who worked with important but very different directors, among them Howard Hawks, Alfred Hitchcock, and Leo McCarey, it provides a model for the appreciation of screen acting in general.
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Davidson, Herbert A. Maimonides the Rationalist. Liverpool University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113584.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Maimonides was not the first rabbinic scholar to take an interest in philosophy, but he was unique in being a towering figure in both areas. His law code, the Mishneh torah, stands as one of the two most intensely studied rabbinic works coming out of the Middle Ages, while his Guide of the Perplexed is the most influential and widely read Jewish philosophical work ever written. Admirers and critics have arrived at wildly divergent perceptions of the man. We have Maimonides the atheist or agnostic, Maimonides the sceptic, Maimonides the deist, Maimonides the Aristotelian, the Averroist, or proto-Kantian. We have a Maimonides seduced by the blandishments of ‘accursed philosophy’; a Maimonides who sowed the seeds that led to Spanish Jews' loss of faith and mass apostasy and who was therefore responsible for the demise of Spanish Jewry; a Maimonides who incorporated philosophical elements into his rabbinic works and wrote the Guide of the Perplexed not to propagate doctrines to which he was personally committed but in order to rescue errant souls seduced by philosophy; a Maimonides who was the defender of the faith and defined the articles of Jewish belief for all time. In his own estimation, Maimonides was neither exclusively a dedicated philosopher nor exclusively a devoted rabbinist. This book examines Maimonides' efforts to reconstitute this all-embracing, rationalist worldview that he felt had been lost during the millennium-long exile.
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Gibson, Roy K. Man of High Empire. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199948192.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Pliny the Younger (c. 60–112 CE)—senator and consul in the Rome of Domitian and Trajan, eyewitness to the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE, early ‘persecutor’ of Christians on the Black Sea—remains the best documented Roman individual, other than emperors, between Cicero and Augustine. Standard biographical approaches rarely suit him. But no Roman writer, not even Vergil, ties his identity to the regions of Italy more successfully than Pliny. His individuality can be captured by focusing on the range of locales in which he lived, including Comum, Umbria and Rome. What is Pliny’s attachment or relationship to a region? What is his persona, and what does he do there? What does he see, or not see, in a landscape or its inhabitants? Why does he play Comum up or play Umbria down? A strong thread of linear narration is maintained. In his youth Pliny spent a period of time on the bay of Naples alongside his famous uncle, the Elder Pliny, author of the Natural History. It was while here he witnessed the catastrophe of 79. Pliny spent the last years of his life as governor in the province of Pontus-Bithynia in northwest Turkey, in a landscape and political milieu quite different from the one he had known in Italy. Four figures from the classical past, present, and future accompany Pliny: Cicero, Tacitus, Epictetus, and Augustine.
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Cheyne, Peter, ed. Coleridge and Contemplation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799511.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In his philosophical writings, Coleridge increasingly developed his thinking about imagination, a symbolizing precursor to contemplation, to a theory of contemplation itself, which for him occurs in its purest form as a manifestation of ‘Reason’. Coleridge is a particularly challenging figure because he was a thinker in process, and something of an omnimath, a Renaissance man of the Romantic era. The dynamic quality of his thinking, the ‘dark fluxion’ pursued but ultimately ‘unfixable by thought’, and his extensive range of interests make essential an approach that is philosophical yet also multi-disciplinary. This is the first collection of essays to be written mainly by philosophers and intellectual historians on a wide range of Coleridge’s philosophical writings. With a foreword by Baroness Mary Warnock, and original essays on Coleridge and Contemplation by prominent philosophers such as Sir Roger Scruton, David E. Cooper, Michael McGhee, and Andy Hamilton, this volume provides a stimulating collection of insights and explorations into what Britain’s foremost philosopher-poet had to say about the contemplation that he considered to be the highest of the human mental powers. The essays by philosophers are supported by new developments in philosophically minded criticism from Coleridge scholars in English departments, including Jim Mays, Kathleen Wheeler, and James Engell. They approach Coleridge as an energetic yet contemplative thinker concerned with the intuition of ideas and the processes of cultivation in self and society. Other essays, from intellectual historians and theologians, clarify the historical background, and ‘religious musings’, of Coleridge’s thought regarding contemplation.
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James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories. Edited by T. J. Lustig. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536177.001.0001.
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A young, inexperienced governess is charged with the care of Miles and Flora, two small children abandoned by their uncle at his grand country house. She sees the figure of an unknown man on the tower and his face at the window. It is Peter Quint, the master's dissolute valet, and he has come for little Miles. But Peter Quint is dead. Like the other tales collected here – ‘Sir Edmund Orme’, ‘Owen Wingrave’, and ‘The Friends of the Friends’ – ‘The Turn of the Screw’ is to all immediate appearances a ghost story. But are the appearances what they seem? Is what appears to the governess a ghost or a hallucination? Who else sees what she sees? The reader may wonder whether the children are victims of corruption from beyond the grave, or victims of the governess's ‘infernal imagination’, which torments but also entrals her? ‘The Turn of the Screw’ is probably the most famous, certainly the most eerily equivocal, of all ghostly tales. Is it a subtle, self-conscious exploration of the haunted house of Victorian culture, filled with echoes of sexual and social unease? Or is it simply, ‘the most hopelessly evil story that we have ever read’? The texts are those of the New York Edition, with a new Introduction and Notes.
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Wild-Wood, Emma, and George Mpanga. The Archive of a Ugandan Missionary. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267233.001.0001.
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This collection of sources offer a rare insight into the everyday concerns of African Christian converts. They centre on a well-documented figure, the Revd Apolo Kivebulaya (c.1865 -1933). Kivebulaya was a teacher and clergyman in the Native Anglican Church of Uganda. His writing offers insight into a literate Christian identity formed away from centres of power. Oral and written accounts about Kivebulaya illustrate how African admirers responded to him and how their societies were influenced by Christianity. Kivebulaya’s diaries, notebooks, correspondence, reports and autobiography show his missionary work in western Uganda and eastern Congo. Kivebulaya was not a man of letters. He was a clerk in holy orders, keeping the books, noting life’s activities, listing his journeys, acquaintances and biblical texts for sermons. His diaries show him making a path for Christian advancement beyond the metropole. The value of his writings is recognized by scholars examining early Islam in Buganda, politics and witchcraft in Toro and dissent in East Africa. This collection includes short biographies of Kivebulaya originally written in Luganda and Runyoro-Rutoro and texts of interviews conducted in the 1950s with his followers in Congo. The interviews contrast with published biographies by portraying Kivebulaya as a spiritual expert able to slay kings, bring rain and heal the sick. The sources are supported by essays on their context, a comprehensive introduction to each section and thorough annotation.
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Maddicott, John. Between Scholarship and Church Politics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896100.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book provides an account of the life and career of John Prideaux, regius professor of divinity at Oxford, 1615–42, rector of Exeter College, Oxford, 1612–42, and bishop of Worcester, 1641–6. The twelve chapters discuss his role in the church, the Calvinistic theology which he expounded in his lectures and books, his scholarship and place in the European republic of letters, and his opposition to the Arminians and their supposed leader, Archbishop Laud. It focuses particularly on the 1630s, when Laud was both chancellor of the university and archbishop of Canterbury, and when the two men clashed repeatedly. The book additionally emphasises Prideaux’s role as a college head, teacher, and writer of undergraduate textbooks who rebuilt his college on a grand scale, increased its undergraduate intake, and raised its reputation to new heights. It also describes his domestic circumstances and his loyalties, local and national: to his family, his colleagues and friends in church and college, and his native county of Devonshire. It concludes by charting his experiences during the early stages of the Long Parliament, as bishop of Worcester during the Civil War and, in his last years, as a scholar who returned to Oxford to produce some of his most outstanding theological and pedagogical works. The book portrays Prideaux as a man who lived in several different but related worlds and was a central figure in each of them.
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Mpedi, Letlhokwa George, ed. Santa Claus: Law, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Decolonisation and Covid-19. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928314837.
Full textAbstract:
The origins of Santa Claus, or so I am told, is that the young Bishop Nicholas secretly delivered three bags of gold as dowries for three young girls to their indebted father to save them from a life of prostitution. Armed with immortality, a factory of elves and a fleet of reindeer, his has been a lasting legacy, inextricably linked to Christmas. Of course, this Christmas looks a little different. Amidst a global pandemic, shimmying down the chimneys of strangers certainly does not adhere to social distancing guidelines. Some borders remain closed, and in some instances, the quarantine period is far too long. After all, he only has 24 hours to spread cheer across the world. As with the rest of us, Santa Claus is likely to get the remote working treatment. The reindeers this year are likely to be self-driving, reminiscent of an Amazon swarm of technology, and the naughty and nice lists are likely to be based on algorithms derived from social media accounts. In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, it is difficult to imagine that letters suffice anymore. How many posts were verified as real before shared? Enough to get you a drone. Fake news? Here is a lump of coal. Will we see elves in personal protective equipment (PPE) and will Santa Claus, high risk because of age and his likely comorbidities from the copious amount of cookies, have to self-isolate in the North Pole? In fact, will there be any toys at all this year? Surely production has been stalled with the restrictions on imports and exports into the North Pole. Perhaps, there is a view to outsourcing, or perhaps, there is a shift towards local production and supply chains. More importantly, as we have done in many instances in this period, maybe we should pause to reflect on the current structures in place. The sanctification of a figure so clearly dismissive of the Global South and to be critical, quite classist must be called into question. From some of the keenest minds, the contributions in this book make a strong case against this holly jolly man. We traverse important topics such as, is the constitution too lenient with a clear intruder who has conveniently branded himself a Good Samaritan? Allegations of child labour under the guise of elves, blatant animal cruelty, constant surveillance in stark contrast to many democratic ideals and his possible threat to national security come to the fore. Nevertheless, as the song goes, he is aware when you are asleep, and he knows when you are awake. Is feminism a farce to this beloved man – what role does Mrs Claus play and why are there inherent gender norms in his toys? Then is the worry of closed borders and just how accurate his COVID-19 tests are. Of course, this brings his ethics into question. While there is an agreement that transparency, justice and fairness, nonmaleficence, responsibility, and privacy are the core ethical principles, the meaning of these principles differs, particularly across countries and cultures. Why are we subject to Santa Claus’ notions of good and evil when he is so far removed from our context? As Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein would tell you, this is fundamentally a nudge from Santa Claus for children to fit into his ideals. A nudge, coined by Thaler, is a choice that predictably changes people’s behaviour without forbidding any options or substantially changing their economic incentives. Even with pinched cheeks and an air of holiday cheer, Santa Claus has to come under scrutiny. In the process of decolonising knowledge and looking at various epistemologies, does Santa still make the cut?