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1
Fairclough, Stuart John. "Health-enhancing physical activity during secondary school physical education." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5792/.
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Hooper, Oliver R. "Health(y) talk : pupils' conceptions of health within physical education." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36203.
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Schools, and in particular physical education (PE), have been increasingly recognised for the role that they play in promoting healthy, active lifestyles amongst children and young people in light of the public health agenda (Armour and Harris, 2013). However, whilst schools have been recognised for the role that they can play in promoting health to children and young people, concerns have been expressed with regard to the status of health in PE and the approaches and practices used to address health-related learning (Cale et al., 2016). A particular concern in this regard is what children and young people know and understand about health , and how they come to conceive this within PE, with a growing body of literature suggesting that pupils conceptions are relatively superficial and simplistic (see Harris et al. (2016) for an overview). Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to explore pupils conceptions of health within PE. The research was comprised of four phases which took place over an 18-month period within the East Midlands region of England. Phase one involved an online survey being distributed to all state secondary schools (n = 293) and with a total of 52 schools responding. Phase two involved semi-structured interviews being conducted with 13 PE teachers at two case study schools and focus groups with 117 pupils (aged 11-12) at the same schools. A participatory approach underpinned the study and relevant methods/techniques were employed within pupil focus groups to generate discussion and elicit pupils conceptions of health . Examples of the methods/techniques employed included: drawings, concept cartoons and statement sheets. Pupils worked interactively with one another to undertake and discuss tasks/activities in line with the youth voice agenda that underpinned the research. This agenda is often allied with participatory methods (Heath et al., 2009) and seeks to privilege the voices of younger participants, recognising that children and young people are competent social agents, capable of both understanding and articulating their own experiences (Christensen and James, 2008). Phase three involved follow-up focus groups with the same pupils who participated during the preceding phase, and a similar participatory approach was employed. Phase four involved semi-structured focus groups being conducted with the same PE teachers at each school. Data generated were analysed using a Foucauldian-inspired discourse analysis. The findings of the study highlight that the vast majority of pupils conceptions of health were reductive, limited and limiting. These conceptions of health were identified as being underpinned by: corporeal notions, aesthetic orientations and healthist influences. In addition, they aligned with normative conceptions of health , that were evidently influenced by public health discourses, which may well have been promulgated by and through PE. Whilst pupils did not necessarily consider that PE influenced their conceptions of health , there were evident links, which PE teachers themselves acknowledged and problematised. Positively, it was highlighted that there were some pupils who were able to disrupt normative conceptions of health and, in doing so, they demonstrated their capacity for criticality. As such, the challenge for PE is now to consider how it might support pupils to develop their capacities to receive, interpret and be critical of health-related information. If it can do so, it may well be that critically-inclined conceptions of health can be fostered within, through and by the subject.
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Kelly, Luke E., and Kason M. O'Neil. "Defining the Future of Physical Education/adapted Physical Education Teacher Preparation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4028.
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The cost of attending residential four-year institutions continues to rise, while the availability of online distance education programs has seen an overwhelming increase. So where does this leave the future of APE and PETE programs? This session will review the current status and future economic forecasts for APE/PETE programs, as well as provide an opportunity to discuss how APE/PETE faculty can address the current and projected threats to maintaining quality APE/PE teacher preparation programs.
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Woodfield, Lorayne Angela. "Young people's physical activity, attitudes towards physical education, and health related fitness." Thesis, Coventry University, 2008. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/967fa15e-56a2-40cf-892a-7de2ba417114/1.
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The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, attitudes towards physical education, and health related fitness at two points, one year apart (Phase One and Phase Two). Three hundred and ninety four secondary school pupils of mixed ethnicities from National Curriculum school years 7, 8 and 9 (mean age ± S.D. = 12.9 ± 0.81 years) participated in phase one of the study. Two hundred and sixty seven pupils (from the original 394 participants) from National Curriculum school years 8, 9 and 10 (mean age ± S.D. = 13.7 ± 0.79 years) took part in phase two one year later. Physical activity was measured using the four by one-day physical activity recall questionnaire (Cale, 1993). Attitude was measured using the Pre-Adolescent Attitude towards Physical Education Questionnaire (PAAPEQ) (Shropshire, 1997). Five components of health related fitness were measured in a randomly selected sub-sample (35%) of the overall sample: body composition (measured using skinfold measures and body mass index); cardiovascular endurance (measured using the twenty metre multistage fitness test, Brewer et al., 1988); flexibility (measured using the sit and reach test); muscular strength (measured using hand grip dynamometry); and muscular endurance (measured using situps). Results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in energy expenditure between phase one and phase two (p<0.01) and young people’s energy expenditure was higher during weekends (especially Saturdays) than during school days (p<0.01). Young Asians were found to expend less energy than white and black pupils (p<0.01) and boys expended more energy than girls (p<0.01). No main effect according to school year was found (p>0.05) although a significant ‘time’ by ‘days’ of the week interaction was revealed; pupils in Year 8 were more active on school days than those in Years 7 and 9 (p<0.05). Non-parametric analyses conducted on time spent in moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) indicated that: MPA and VPA decreased between phases one and two; Asians consistently spent less time in MPA than white and black pupils (p<0.01); boys engaged in more MPA and VPA than girls (p<0.01). However, the difference in mean reported time for boys and girls decreased between phases one and two. Percentages of the whole sample meeting optimal activity guidelines and percentages classified as active or moderately active decreased between measurements for the whole sample. With regard to attitudes towards PE, results from MANOVA revealed a significant ‘school year’ x ‘ethnicity’ x ‘gender’ interaction (p<0.05). Attitudes of black males became more positive with age whereas the attitudes of other groups followed an age related decline. Significant main effects were found according to school year (p<0.01) and ethnicity (p<0.05). Attitude towards PE became less favourable with school year. Asian pupils had more positive overall attitudes than white and black pupils but univariate analysis revealed that Asian pupils had a less positive attitude towards their PE teacher (p<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson’s product moment correlations indicated weak yet significant positive relationships between total attitude towards PE and energy expenditure (p<0.01), time spent in moderate activity (p<0.05) and time spent in vigorous activity (p<0.01). Results of repeated measures ANOVA conducted on health related fitness data revealed that, for all groups, body fat (p<0.05) and muscular endurance (p<0.01) increased between phases one and two. In both phases, significant positive relationships were found between muscular endurance and energy expenditure (p<0.01) and vigorous activity (p<0.05 and p<0.01 for phases one and two respectively). Therefore, young people who were more active had greater levels of muscular endurance. No further consistent findings were made. Findings indicate that generally young people’s physical activity decreases with age and that girls are less active than boys although as young people age the physical activity gap between the genderes narrows. Findings also lend support to the idea that cultural differences may influence physical activity levels and attitudes towards PE. Furthermore, associations between physical activity and attitude towards PE exist and therefore, attitude may be used to predict physical activity behaviour. Ethnicity, age, and attitude towards PE should be considered in the development of future interventions to increase young people’s physical activity levels. However, as the current study did not reveal strong associations between physical activity and health related fitness, further research is required in the area.
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Thomson, Jennifer. "The experiences of Cégep physical and health education teachers." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114305.
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This case study explored the personal and professional lives of 10 Cégep physical and health education (PHE) teachers. The participants, between 32-59 years, were PHE educators at Cégeps within a large Canadian city and its surrounding areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the PHE teachers about their experiences instructing at the Cégep level. Rich discussions were generated to explore the roles and responsibilities of the participants within the Cégepat which they taught. Data analyses were conducted on the verbatim transcriptions of the interviews. Four themes emerged from the data. The first theme, pathways to teaching, reflected the discussions about teacher experiences that led the educators to instruct at the Cégep level. The second theme, Cégep PHE teacher career, demonstrated the structure and professional life of the PHE teachers. The third theme, a focus on education outcomes, highlighted participants' recollections of individualized instruction and resultant student success. The fourth theme, insider's perspective, described the participants' personal viewpoints about the teaching position which allowed for the identification of benefits and challenges of the job. Data triangulation, member checking, peer review, audit trail, and researcher reflexivity were used to establish trustworthiness. The Cégep PHE teachers spoke of their professional experiences which may influence the teaching of physical activity and health behaviours of at-risk college-aged students. Recommendations are made for future studies to delve into the world of Cégep to spark more research about PHE delivery and its effect on college-aged populations.Cette étude de cas a explore les vies personnelles et professionnelles de dix enseignant d'éducation physique et en santé au Cégep. Les participants ont été entre 32 et 59 ans et ils étaient les éducateurs de Cégep au sein d'une grande ville canadienne et ses banlieues. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été pratiqués avec les enseignants d'éducation physique et en santé. Des entrevues ont suscités des discussions riches pour mieux comprendre les rôles et les responsabilités des participants au sein de l'établissement d'enseignement au cours de laquelle ils ont enseigné. Une analyse des données ont été réalisés sur les transcriptions des entrevues. Quatre thèmes ont émergé : le chemin d'accès à l'enseignement, la carrière des enseignants d'éducation physique et en santé au Cégep, mettant l'accent sur les résultats scolaires, et la perspective d'un initié. Les résultats ont reflété l'importance des expériences qui ont dirigé les éducateurs pour enseigner au Cégep, la structure et la vie professionnelle de cette carrière, et l'accent mis sur leur instruction de chaque étudiant individuelle. Les résultats ont également décrit les points de vue personnels des participants sur l'enseignement qui ont permis des avantages et des défis de l'emploi. La triangulation des données, la vérification de membre, l'examen par un collègue, le chemin de vérification, et la réflexivité du chercheur ont été utilisé pour établir la fiabilité des descriptions faites par les enseignants. Les enseignants d'éducation physique et en santé au Cégep ont parlé de leur expériences professionnelles qui peuvent influencer l'enseignement de l'activité physique et les comportements de santé des étudiants collégial.
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Palichuk, Y. "Strengthening the health of students during independent physical education." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18934.
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Johnson, Cheryl Ann, and Paul Gregory Rossi. "Physical education health related topics in the middle grades." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1824.
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It is our goal to create a curriculum where students have the opportunity to learn and promote competency in the area of health and fitness. Additionally, to be able to reason critically and integrate the information learned through healthy choices and understand the importance of physical fitness and exercise.
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Ward, Laura G. "Physical education teachers' engagement with health-related exercise and health-related continuing professional development : a healthy profile?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33678.
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Over the past decade there have been increasing amounts of academic, political and media interest in Physical Education. teachers and their role in promoting healthy, active. lifestyles. Indeed, there is a long-standing assumption that schools play a fundamental role in producing 'a healthy nation' arid that Physical Education is responsible for promoting sport, physical activity and health amongst young people. This research was located within the context of Health-Related Exercise (HRE), a statutory component of the National Curriculum for Physical Education in England which aims to promote in pupils the knowledge, skills and understanding necessary to lead healthy, active lifestyles. An extensive and critical review of literature revealed that there were continuing concerns over the status, organisation and teaching of HRE within the curriculum, and that questions had been raised over Physical Education teachers' knowledge of HRE and the extent to which they have engaged with continuing professional development (CPD) in the area (HRE-CPD). The reasons underpinning these concerns have been relatively unexplored and this thesis represents a contribution towards understanding the social processes which have served to influence the nature and extent of Physical Education teachers' engagement with HRE and HRE-CPD.
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Hardee, Angelica M. "Physical Activity among College Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1409065705.
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Chen, Ming-Hung. "Health, physical activity and fitness monitoring within the secondary physical education curriculum in England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10034.
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Aims: The aims of this study are three-fold: to review the worldwide literature on monitoring the health, physical activity and fitness of young people; to determine the purpose and prevalence of the monitoring of young people's health, physical activity and fitness within secondary PE school curricula in England and to explore the factors affecting teachers' views of and approaches to such monitoring; and to propose recommendations for monitoring health, physical activity and fitness within secondary school PE curricula in England which may have relevance and applicability to the Taiwanese context. Methods: The research design involved the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, including a national survey of selected state secondary schools and interviewing a sample of Head of PE department (HoPE). Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were employed to analysis quantitative data of the prevalence of monitoring pupils' health, physical activity or fitness within school curriculum, and to exam the homogeneity of HoPEs' attitudes and views (agree v.s disagree) towards specific statements with different gender, and teaching experience. The significant level of Chi-square is .05. Coding and thematic analysis were employed to analysis qualitative data. Results: 118 schools (38.4%) returned the questionnaires and 12 teachers were interviewed. The proportion of schools which monitored pupils' health, physical activity and fitness was 39%, 61.9%, and 89.0% respectively. The interview data revealed issues including purpose and value of monitoring; responsibility and accountability; pupils' responses; teachers' conceptual confusion, and resource limitations. Recommendations: Nine recommendations were proposed including: (1) physical educators should broaden their monitoring approach beyond fitness; (2) formal guidance on monitoring within the PE school curriculum should be produced; (3) teachers should be offered continuing professional development on this topic; (4) PE teachers should be encourage to employ simply, manageable monitoring methods; (5) health benefits of physical activity and physical activity promotion should be weighted through monitoring processes; (6) PE teachers should realise that the processes of monitoring health, physical activity and fitness are appropriate contexts for learning; (7) it is unnecessary to make comparisons between students or against standardized norms; (8) teachers should aim to personalise monitoring procedures and ensure that pupils' experience of monitoring is positive; (9) PE teachers should encourage and teach children self-monitor skills to develop their independence and self- management skills. An example formal guidance for key stage 3 on monitoring health, physical activity and fitness within the PE curriculum has been proposed to help PE teachers broaden their approaches on monitoring and present them a range of implementation example.
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Newsham, Katherine R. "Physical Disabilities in Athletic Training Education." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1153237037.
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O'Neil, Kason, and Jennifer M. Krause. "Physical Education Faculty Use and Self-efficacy Towards Educational Technology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4023.
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Currently, increased attention has been placed on the development of physical educators who have the skills and confidence to implement educational technology to enhance student learning (InTASC 2011; CAEP, 2015). Though research of in-service and pre-service teacher perceptions towards educational technology has been examined (Juniu, Scrabis-Fletcher, Zullo, E., & Russo, 2015; Tondeur, Sang, Voogt, Fisser, & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2012), little focus has been placed on perceptions of physical education teacher education (PETE) university faculty. Due to the influence that faculty have on pre-service teachers through modeling and other experiences that can affect self-efficacy and future behavior, it is important to learn more about their beliefs (Bandura, 1997). The purpose of this study was to examine PETE faculty self-efficacy perceptions, as well as overall experience, using, demonstrating, and advocating for educational technology within their PETE programming. A random sample of PETE program faculty in the United States were solicited to participate in an online survey measuring their use and self-efficacy towards educational technology. A modified version of the Educator Technology Self-Efficacy Survey (ETS-ES) (Gentry, Baker, Thomas, Whitfield, & Garcia, 2014), was used to measure said self-efficacy perceptions. The online survey consisted of descriptive items, such as personal and PETE program demographics, as well as self-efficacy items measuring confidence in using specific forms of technology and confidence applying and promoting technology in a classroom setting. A total of 76 PETE faculty members (60% female, 40% male; M age = 47.5, SD = 11.4; M years PETE experience = 14.3, SD = 10.6) from 35 states completed the survey. Overall self-efficacy scores (M = 3.7, SD = .96; 1-5 scale, strongly disagree-strongly agree) showed that PETE faculty felt generally confident in their abilities to use technology in their teaching, with specific high scores associated with confidence in (a) staying relevant in the digital age, (b) overall technology knowledge, and (c) relating technology to educational content. In addition, with regard to specific technology tools, faculty revealed the highest confidence in using and demonstrating mobile devices, pedometers, LCD projectors, and mobile laptop stations and the lowest confidence in using accelerometers, smartboards, and classroom management software. Results of this study suggest that PETE faculty are generally confident in their uses of technology within the PETE environment, which may positively influence the technology skills and confidence of pre-service physical education teachers (Bandura, 1997).
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O'Neil, Kason M. "Innovative Assessment in Secondary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4041.
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Slovinec, D'Angelo Monika Eva. "Motivational determinants of physical activity in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29165.
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In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), physical activity has a positive impact on physiological and psychological health. Despite the clear benefits of regular physical activity (PA) on recovery from CAD and overall health, only a small proportion of cardiac patients are active enough to derive any health benefits. While some cardiac patients might attain adequate levels of PA without assistance, research suggests that most inactive people will remain sedentary without intervention. Unfortunately, of patients who participate in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs, 25% to 50% withdraw within the first six months (Oldridge, 1988, 1991; Oldridge, Dormer, & Buck, 1983; Radtke, 1989) and less than 25% of the dropouts continue an activity program sufficient to maintain or improve cardiorespiratory fitness (Radtke, 1989). This suggests that many individuals who engage in organized exercise programs are not motivated to self-regulate their PA behaviour. To promote adherence to regular PA in the cardiac patient population, an understanding of the factors, both interpersonal and interpersonal, underlying the regulation of PA behaviours is required. Theoretical frameworks are needed to link these factors and to identify change agents and targets suitable for intervention in this population. The purpose of the present thesis was to test a motivational model of physical activity regulation in patients with CAD. The Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985a, 2000a), a theory of human motivation found to be useful in explaining regulation of health behaviors, was used to relate the various model components. The model links intra- and inter-personal antecedents and consequences of self-determined and non-self-determined motivation (regulatory styles) to predict physical activity regulation directly and indirectly through mediator variables. The present thesis is comprised of two studies designed to test the hypothesized model and verify the overarching role of motivational style in the successful regulation of physical activity behaviours. In the first study physical activity intentions were modelled using a correlational design. Participants diagnosed with CAD completed a one-time questionnaire at the time of admission into hospital or while participating in a hospital-based rehabilitation program. The second study employed a prospective, longitudinal design to predict physical activity behaviour in CAD patients six months after admission to hospital for a CAD diagnosis. Baseline information was collected at time of recruitment, and follow-up data was collected at 2 and 6 months after study intake. Structural equation modeling was used to test the models. Results of the two studies showed that the motivational model reliably predicted self-regulation of PA behavior. That is, the model, consisting of intra- and inter-personal variables, explained a relevant amount of variance in both physical activity intentions and behaviour. In particular, self-determined modes of motivation, at both the general and contextual levels, were found to be pivotal in the successful regulation of physical activity behaviour. The implications of the findings of this thesis research are discussed in relation to the SDT, as well as the design and implementation of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs to facilitate long-term adherence to regular physical activity in the cardiac patient population.
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King, Linda L. "Collegiate Activities That Influence Adult Physical Fitness Habits." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2933.
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This descriptive/correlational study analyzed the perception of recent graduates regarding the effectiveness of the college environment at Milligan College in influencing adult fitness habits. Graduates were divided into five activity level groups through a self-report of physical activity. The purposes of the research were to determine if significant differences existed between the dependent variable, activity level, and the independent variables such as: (a) participation in specific college activities, (b) preferences for types of exercise, (c) social influence, (d) influence of a required freshman fitness course, and (e) environmental barriers. A profile of the student most likely to exercise after graduation was compiled from the data collected. A formula for activity level prediction was calculated from the data analysis. Data were collected from 211 graduates of Milligan College. Data analyses were conducted by calculating measures of central tendency, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Major findings revealed statistically significant differences between activity level based on male gender, exercise self-efficacy, intensity level, participation in team sports, participation in fitness activities and health beliefs. The four factors that were revealed to be predictors of activity level by multiple linear regression were habit, self-efficacy, high intensity level, and participation in fitness activities while at Milligan. Recommendations to Milligan College from the study include investing in improved facilities and equipment, implementing more intramural programs at varying ability levels, offering more formal or informal exercise groups on campus, offering more training sessions in use of exercise equipment, and reevaluating the present Fitness for Life course.
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Johnson, Christine Elizabeth. "Student Perceived Motivational Climate, Enjoyment, and Physical Activity in Middle School Physical Education." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsc_etds/6.
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Youth physical activity (PA) levels, specifically that of girls, decline as they enter the middle grades (Parish & Treasure, 2003). Physical education (PE) is one area in the school environment where student PA can be increased. One goal recognized by the Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE) is for students to be physically active for at least 50% of class time and be offered PE for at least 225 minutes per week (SHAPE, 2013). Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) suggests student perceived motivational climate can influence PA levels, student enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine if student perceived motivational climate predicted student enjoyment and PA levels in PE while controlling for school, gender, grade, and ethnicity. Youth from three middle schools in the southeast United States were asked to wear a pedometer to measure PA levels in PE and complete a questionnaire to measure perceived motivational climate and enjoyment. Participants included 290 students (n = 108 6th grade students, n = 94 7th grade students, n = 88 8th grade students). Results revealed males were more active than females during PE (Mm=57%, Mf=48%), 7th grade participants had the highest PA levels (M=56%, SD= 16), and Hispanic students were the least active (M=45%, SD=16). After controlling for gender, it was found that males had significantly higher levels of enjoyment during PE (Mm =4.29, Mf = 3.87, p<.01), and a mastery climate was perceived over a performance climate by majority of student regardless of gender, grade, or ethnicity (Mmc=3.78, Mpc=2.2). Statistically significant relationships were found between both mastery (p<.01) and performance scores (p<.01) with enjoyment. The performance relationship was negative while the mastery relationship was positive. There was not a significant relationship between the mastery climate and PA and only the performance climate subcategory Unequal Recognition (p<.001) had a significant relationship with and PA during PE.
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Hamel, Pauline Cloutier. "Communication and health literacy: a changing focus in physical therapist education." Thesis, Boston University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31971.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
With increasing complexities in the health care system, including new technologies, density of health information, and a rise in medical errors, the literature has demonstrated links between communication and health literacy and patient/client safety, adherence to health protocols, and satisfaction with health providers. The purpose of this study was to understand the current level of knowledge of health communication and health literacy among doctoral (OPT) students and experienced physical therapists, and to explore related professional literature, documents, competencies, and industry standards to further inform this research. In addition to a qualitative research approach that included semi-structured participant interviews, open-ended questioning, coding, and analysis, the Design for Learning Model of instructional design was incorporated as a parallel methodology to develop a course template for communication and health literacy instruction. Participants were selected and interviewed at a national conference, and in academic, practice, and home settings. Based upon, and in response to, the data collected from fifteen physical therapist informant interviews, industry consultants, document sources, and pilot testing of units on health literacy and pharmaceutical advertising in the American health care system, respectively, a systematic, competency-based communication and health literacy course template was developed for use in physical therapist education. Findings suggest that, although patient-practitioner communication is embedded into physical therapy courses, there is a need to broaden the definition to incorporate more extensive communication topics, including health literacy and health informatics, cultural- and age-sensitivity, and alternative patient education methods to address related issues in health care settings, home, and workplace. Recommendations for the future include development of more specific communication and health literacy education for both student and experienced physical therapists in academia, clinical education, practice settings, and professional development arenas. Additionally, physical therapists are urged to collaborate with other health and non-health disciplines, including policymakers, educators, communications experts, and instructional designers to promote health literacy awareness, competencies, and commitment within the profession, and beyond. This study further underscores the health professional's responsibility for both delivery and comprehension of health information by patients/clients, especially those who may be challenged by low health literacy.
2031-01-02
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Henriksson, Mattias, and Viktor Hjalmarsson. "Analysing the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values of Physical Education and Health." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30553.
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A traditional view has, more or less, infested the subject of Physical Education, which affects the subject´s intrinsic values. The purpose of this knowledge overview is to analyse teachers and pupil’s perception and understanding of PEH in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic values. Intrinsic refers to the certain value of knowing a subject’s core content, on the other hand, extrinsic refers that knowledge in a subject content is valuable for something else. The following questions will aid us in this overview and provide us with as much angles as possible; What is/are teachers’ perception of PEH based on intrinsic and extrinsic values?What are pupils’ perception of PEH based on intrinsic and extrinsic values?What is/are teachers’ understanding of PEH based on intrinsic and extrinsic values?What are pupils’ understanding of PEH based on intrinsic and extrinsic values?This knowledge overview focusses mainly on Sweden but includes some international research. These researches range from the years 2006 - 2019. This knowledge overview is conducted by analysing several systematically selected sources, where searches have been made in different databases.The results show that extrinsic values are highly valued in the subject of PEH even today. Research from when both Lpo94 and Lgr11 were active, showed that a traditional- and extrinsic view is more prevalent than the intrinsic values of PEH. In the discussion different aspects are lifted. Both we and the research suggest, based on the learning outcomes of the syllabus, the importance of making intrinsic values more tangible in PEH lessons. This is in order to produce a consensus within and around the subject.
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Curtis, Drew A., Han-Hung Huang, and Kendra L. Nicks. "Patient Deception in Health Care: Physical Therapy Education, Beliefs, and Attitudes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/ijhse/vol5/iss1/4.
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A good professional-patient relationship is important to clinical practice, which may be compromised by deception. Deception research in physical therapy is scant. The current study investigated how the topic of patient deception is addressed in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) educational curriculum, explore DPT students’ beliefs about deception and attitudes toward patient deception, and examine the effects of a pedagogical intervention on DPT students’ beliefs about deception and attitudes toward patient deception. The first objective was pursued by a descriptive survey sent to 217 DPT programs in the US. The second and third objectives were achieved by one-group pretest-posttest design provided to 17 DPT students before and after an educational workshop. Most DPT programs minimally include the topic of patient deception within their curriculum. DPT students held several inaccurate beliefs about the indicators of deception and negative attitudes toward patients who lied. After the educational intervention, students’ inaccurate beliefs were corrected and negative attitudes were reduced. Patient deception seems to be an under-addressed topic in current physical therapy education. An education workshop improved students’ beliefs about deception and attitudes toward to patient deception. Implications of deception research and theory in the applied practice of physical therapy are discussed.
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Ciccomascolo, Lori Ellen. "An analysis of undergraduate physical education curricula on students' health behaviors." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33426.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two types of undergraduate physical education classes, Wellness and Fitness, on health behaviors of college students. More specifically, this study investigated pre-and post- changes in the students' Stages of Change, weight preoccupation, Processes of Change, exercise adherence, and physical health components (such as heart rate, body composition, body weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness). Due to inconsistencies with the Wellness and Fitness groups' curricula during the semester, this study ultimately examined only Stages of Change, weight preoccupation, and Processes of Change. Three questionnaires, Exercise Program and Stages of Change, Processes of Change, and Weight Preoccupation were administered to all one hundred and fifty six subjects, ranging in age from 18-35 years( mean age 21.2 ± 3 yrs.), in the Fitness and Wellness courses in the beginning of the Fall, 2000 Semester. A fourth questionnaire, a modified version of the original Stages of Change, was given at the end of the semester along with the same Processes of Change and weight preoccupation questionnaires given at the beginning of the semester. Subjects were also given a 4-month calendar to track their exercise done both inside and outside of class. A 3-Month Follow-up Stages of Change questionnaire was administered to all subjects by email and/or phone. A one way ANOV A showed a significant difference in the d score for the Stages of Change in the Wellness group versus the Fitness Group (p=.0271). Further discussion of the results may suggest that students in the Wellness group had more social interaction with peers and their instructor and were able to focus on attaining their health behavior goals. Also, students in Wellness courses may have learned why they should balance their physical, social, and emotional dimensions in life and not just how to do so. Conversely, the focus of fitness based ceurses is primarily on the physical dimension.
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Babers-Henry, Markeshia M. "Psychological and physical health predictors of academic achievement for African American college students." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590906.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to identify psychological and physical health factors that influence African American college students' academic achievement using secondary data from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, this study explored the influence of health variables on African American college students' academic experiences. Independent sample t-tests were used to analyze gender differences between African American female and male college students. Factor analyses and a Logistic regression was used to ascertain the influence of psychological and physical health factors on African American college students' academic achievement. Findings of this study highlight personal health issues, future help-seeking behavior, and impeding emotional experiences as significant predictors of academic achievement for all African American students. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are reviewed.
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Phoenix, Lynn William Skip. "Influences, reactions, and outcomes, a study of physical and health education as an educational subculture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35411.pdf.
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Svedjer, Emelie, and Monika Lövsund. "Developing physical literacy in school children: from the perspective of teachers in physical education and health." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159236.
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Physical literacy (PL) is defined as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement inphysical activities for life. The concept has become more prominent during recent years and has also inspired the latest curriculum for physical education and health (PEH) in Sweden. There has not yet been many empirical studies on the concept. The aim of this study was to explore elementary school PEH teachers’ knowledge, understanding and application of the psychological domains of PL. Five PEH teachers working with school children in grades 1-3 were interviewed and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed that the teachers were used to teaching knowledge and understanding, and they had strategies to foster confidence but did not have the same systematic approach or understanding of motivation. In addition, the teachers emphasised emotions and social relations as important dimensions in PEH. The implications of this study is that there is a foundation for letting PL influence PEH in Sweden to a greater extent but there are also challenges to this aspiration. More empirical research on implementation of PL is needed.Rörelserikedom eller ”physical literacy” (PL) definieras som att med motivation, självförtroende, kunskap, förståelse och fysisk kompetens värdesätta och utveckla ett livslångt intresse för fysisk aktivitet. Konceptet har fått stort genomslag under senare år och har också inspirerat den senaste läroplanen för idrott och hälsa i Sverige. Empiriska studier av konceptet har inte ännu gjorts i någon större utsträckning. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kunskap, förståelse och tillämpning av de psykologiska domänerna i PL hos idrottslärare i lågstadiet. Fem lärare som undervisar idrott och hälsa i årskurs 1-3 intervjuades och data analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet visade på att lärarna var vana vid att lära ut kunskap och förståelse, de hade strategier för att främja självförtroende men de hade inte samma systematiska angreppssätt eller förståelse för motivation. Utöver detta så betonade lärarna känslornas och de sociala relationernas vikt inom idrott och hälsa. Studien implicerar att det finns underlag för att låta PL influera idrott och hälsa i Sverige i större utsträckning, men det finns också utmaningar till denna strävan. Det behövs mer empirisk forskning på implementering av PL.
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Van, Wasshenova Emily. "Experiential Attitudes about Physical Activity in Older Adults." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525445315290475.
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Dinan-Thompson, Maree Therese. "Curriculum construction and implementation : a study of Queensland health and physical education /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16213.pdf.
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Barton, John Mitchell. "The Role of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness on Biomarkers Associated with Depression and Cardiovascular Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862753/.
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Two important health issues that can develop during young adulthood are related to mental health (e.g., depression) and physical health (e.g., cardiovascular disease). A common characteristic for both of these diseases is low-grade and chronic inflammation, but inflammation is negatively associated with physical activity (PA) and physical fitness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how PA and physical fitness were associated with biomarkers for depression and cardiovascular disease. Participants included 41 undergraduates who were considered to be "physical fit" (n = 21, Males = 15) or "physically unfit" (n = 20, Males = 17). They completed a battery of physical fitness assessments (e.g., 20m shuttle run, body fat percentage, handgrip strength, push-ups, blood pressure, and waist circumference), a self-report measure for depression and stress, and wore an accelerometer for one week. Afterwards, blood was drawn to estimate CVD risk using biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (i.e., triglycerides, glucose, and HDL) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, and tumor necrosis factor alpha). The physically fit group had more moderate and vigorous PA, lower body fat percentage and handgrip strength scores, and performed better on the VO2max, curl-up, and plank tests compared to the physically unfit group. They also had a healthier profile for CVD (i.e., smaller waist circumference, lower triglycerides and glucose concentrations, higher HDL, and lower CRP) and lower self-reported depression and stress scores compared to the physically unfit group.
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Spurkland, Kristin. "Framing Physical Activity| Weight Control Frames and Physical Activity Motivation." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10824567.
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Public health institutions and popular media frequently frame weight loss and weight control as primary benefits of physical activity. This exploratory, descriptive study examined how respondents rated statements exemplifying three physical activity frames: a weight control frame, a medical frame, and an active embodiment frame. An anonymous, online survey was conducted in March 2018; respondents rated frame statements in terms of inspiring motivation to engage in physical activity, and in terms of perceived credibility. They also provided anthropometric data and physical activity data. Data were analyzed for the entire sample as well as stratified by multiple variables, including body mass index, waist circumference, age, and physical activity levels.
Overall, the weight control frame was rated the lowest in terms of motivation, and rated moderately in terms of credibility. The active embodiment frame was highly rated in terms of motivation, but did not rate highly in terms of credibility. The medical frame was rated most credible overall, while achieving moderate motivation ratings. A “credibility/motivation gap” was identified when frames were rated highly on one scale (credibility or motivation), but not the other. These findings have implications for how physical activity is framed in public health messaging, and suggest that, as no single frame dominated both the motivation and credibility ratings, a multi-frame approach may have greater success in motivating people to engage physical activity than does the current, weight-control dominant approach.
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Bliss, K., D. Dey, H. Hudson, and LeAnn E. Kesselring. "Skills-based Health Education – Instructional Strategies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4013.
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Presenters will discuss the academic and health-related importance of teaching skills-based health education, and will provide attendees with hands-on activities that can be used to teach four of the eight National Health Education Standards: interpersonal communication, decision-making, goal-setting, and practicing health-enhancing behaviors.
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Smith, Gene A. "Perceptions and evaluation of a physical activity program." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1351008920.
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Moore, Teri Christina. "Case Studies of Elementary Schools in San Diego County Implementing Quality Physical Education and Other Physical Activity Programs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317804.
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The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and physical inactivity continues to threaten the health of our nation's youth. Schools provide the opportunity for children to accumulate physical activity and can become proactive in promoting healthy behavior. This study features the practices of three public elementary schools in San Diego County that are implementing quality physical education and other types of physical activity programs to improve the wellbeing of their student population. Elementary schools were purposefully selected and observed over the school year. Direct observation tools were used to measure physical activity levels and semi-structured interviews were conducted with school administrators, teachers, and community members. Documentation along with photographs related to the school environment and physical activity programs were collected as supportive records. Key themes emerged after data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for patterns and themes. Five common themes emerged: 1) Having administrators and educators who valued physical education and physical activity and were leaders and champions for student wellness; 2) Having involved parents and established community partnerships to support and sustain programs through monetary contributions, donations, and volunteer time; 3) Implementing programs which promoted cooperation and personal responsibility; 4) Offering physical education instruction that actively engaged students; 5) Having levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity that varied among grade levels and gender. Public health and education must share the responsibility for teaching students and family's important techniques for adopting and maintaining healthy practices. The findings from this study have implications for educators and administrators trying to increase opportunities for physical education and physical activity with limited resources and competing academic priorities. The collective practices of the three elementary schools will inform school administrators, enhance teaching strategies, and influence physical activity policies and practices among individuals seeking to advance student wellness.
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O'Neil, Kason M. "Kicking up Assessment in Secondary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4038.
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O'Neil, Kason M. "Kicking up Assessment in Elementary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4031.
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Quality physical education is not possible without purposeful assessment! This session will provide strategies to help teachers keep assessment at the forefront of their physical education program. Presenters will provide live demonstrations of various formative and summative assessments, and demonstrate how technology can be used to as a student-friendly assessment tool.
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Christopher, Susanne Meyer. "Spiritual Health: Association for the Advancement of Health Education Instructors' Attitudes, Practices and Training." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1235.
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Health education uses a holistic, multi-dimensional perspective (Hoyman, 1961; Donatelle, 1991; Hales, 1992). In recent years an emergent issue in health education is concern for disproportionate representation among the human dimensions--emotional, social, physical, intellectual, spiritual. Discussion occurs over the apparent underrepresentation of spiritual health in health education materials (Chandler & Kolander, 1990). While the professional literature contains articles discussing the under-representation of spiritual health (Jose & Taylor, 1986; Bensley, 1991), no empirical studies are available to assess the current status of spiritual health in health education materials or the spiritual health attitudes of health educators. This study provides empirical data on the status of spiritual health in health education materials and health educators' attitudes towards spiritual health in the university and college setting. A descriptive research study was done on the university and college members of The Association for the Advancement of Health Education (AAHE). A spiritual health survey was developed to provide insights into AAHE university/college health educators and sent to 500 random AAHE members nationally. This study was pretested for surface validity. A response rate of 52% (N=256) was achieved. The survey covered: (a) spiritual health attitudes, (b) attitudes toward including spiritual health in college general health courses, (c) current practices about including spiritual health in curriculum, and (d) spiritual health training. The major findings are: 1. respondents expressed attitudes that supported spiritual health's importance and influence on the wellbeing of an individual; 2. respondents expressed concerns about including spiritual health in college general health courses, but supported the concept; 3. of those respondents who currently teach a college general health course, 65.6% (N=82) include spiritual health; 4. spiritual health is currently included in college courses on a limited bases 5. a connection exists between spiritual health training experiences and respondents' attitudes toward spiritual health.
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Kesselring, LeAnn E. "Physical Education Teacher Education Student Teaching Placement Procedures: Part 1." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4010.
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Geisler, Thomas Matthew. "Examining The Socialization Of Physical Education Teachers: A Case Study." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/725.
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In the last thirty years childhood obesity and inactivity rates in the United States have increased at alarming rates (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). In response to this, physical education curriculum is shifting to focus more on health promotion rather than competitive team sports and game play. This focus is reflected in the recently revised K-12 physical education national content standards and learning outcomes and is impacting how colleges are preparing future teachers (SHAPE America (Organization), Couturier, Chepko, & Holt/Hale, 2014). Changing how physical education is taught can be challenging for teacher educators, in part due to the fact that students' deeply held beliefs about the purposes of physical education are often based on years of experience in traditional, PK-12, sports-based physical education programs (Placek et al., 1995).
The purpose of this study was to explore how teacher candidates and recent graduates experience the process of occupational socialization into their profession as physical education teachers. Utilizing occupational socialization theory, this study examined factors that impacted participants' teaching perspectives and explored the beliefs they held about the goals and purposes of PK-12 physical education. The adoption of the national physical education standards by the Vermont Agency of Education, along with recent legislation (Act 77) that is changing the way schools prepare PK-12 students for college and careers, make the Vermont context a rich setting.
This phenomenological case study was set within a small public university located in Vermont in the United States during the summer and fall of 2016. The units of analysis included five freshman year physical education candidates, five junior year physical education candidates, and five recent graduates, also from the same institution, who were employed as Vermont physical education teachers. Three secondary participants included a Vermont principal and two physical education teacher education faculty members. Data collection methods included eighteen semi-structured interviews and document review of course syllabi and student assessments. Findings suggested that participants: 1) enter the field with teaching orientations rather than coaching orientations, 2) believe that the purpose of physical education is lifelong health and wellness, 3) develop innovative teaching perspectives during teacher education that persist into teaching careers, and 4) identify as agents of change in the field of physical education. Understanding how students are socialized into careers as physical education teachers may inform the decision-making for physical education teacher education faculty and PK-12 physical education teachers.
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O'Neil, Kason, and LeAnn E. Kesselring. "Kicking up Assessment in Elementary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4014.
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Quality physical education is not possible without purposeful assessment! This session will provide strategies to help teachers keep assessment at the forefront of their physical education program. Presenters will provide live demonstrations of various formative and summative assessments, and demonstrate how technology can be used to as a student-friendly assessment tool.
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Lisboa, Fabio Luis Fernandes. "Survey of best physical education practices for children with Autistic Behaviors /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488194825665623.
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Moore, Eric T. "PHYSICAL EDUCATOR PERCEPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsc_etds/41.
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The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions physical educators had of a phenomenon: professional development (PD). Specifically, the study sought to understand the following question: how do physical educators perceive PD? Said in the spirit of phenomenological research, this study aimed to explore the lived experience of PD from the perspective of elementary physical education teachers. Subsequent research questions included: (a) How do physical educators perceive PD in relation to their physical education program’s role in public health?; (b) What perceptions, including potential barriers and facilitators, do physical educators have of PD?; and (c) In what ways do physical educators use PD to improve upon both teaching practices and student learning? Participants included ten elementary physical education teachers employed in the same county in the Southeast United States. A lengthy, open-ended interview between the researcher and all ten participants was the only source of data. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach, more specifically Hycner’s phenomenological five-step data explication process. The data explication process revealed four common themes as well as a variety of sub-themes across all participants. The four themes were analyzed to gain a true understanding of the lived experiences of physical educators’ PD. Those themes were: (a) PD for Professional Growth – A search for meaning; (b) Accessibility, (c) I Matter!, and (d) Relationships. Overall the study highlights the integral and often-personal role PD has in the lives of the study’s participants. The insights from this study may inform education policy makers, school districts, school administrators, and designers of educator PD to improve the overall PD experience of practicing educators.
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Gorman, Jane Adelaide. "The promotion of Physical best: An inclusive tool for interdisciplinary physical education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1624.
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TERGERSON, JENNIFER L. "ADOLESCENT PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1005313123.
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O'Neil, Kason M., and LeAnn Kesserling. "Teaching Tactical Concepts in Secondary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4036.
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Cliff, Ken. "A sociocultural perspective as a curriculum change in health and physical education." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080916.090440/index.html.
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Hurmeric, Irmak. "Assessment Of Health-related Physical Activity Level, School Physical Education Lesson Context And Teacher Behavior In Elementary." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1067446/index.pdf.
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Physical Education (PE) includes the development of knowledge and positive attitudes toward physical activity. Regular physical activity participation during childhood and adolescence has many beneficial effects on health. The purpose of the study was (a) to describe student physical activity level, lesson context and teacher behavior, (b) to determine the relationships among physical activity, lesson context and teacher behavior, (c) to investigate the differences among these variables in public and private schools. Nineteen PE teachers from public and private schools in Ankara participated to the study. For data collection, 6th, 7th and 8th, (n=144) grade elementary school students were observed systematically by using SOFIT during 36 lessons. Results showed that students were spending little time in moderate to vigorous physical activity and they were generally standing or sitting in PE lesson. During the active time, they were generally practicing skill in both public and private schools. Teachers spent majority of lesson time on providing instruction for skill practice. However, teachers did not spend time on fitness knowledge and promotion of fitness in PE lessons. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between student activity level, lesson context and teacher behavior variables. PE teachers in public schools had higher scores of demonstration but teachers in private schools had higher scores of observation. In addition, there were no significant differences in lesson context variable between schools. Physical Education classes require active participation of students for skill and fitness development. However this study indicated that although students were practicing some forms of skills, there were not spending time on fitness development and fitness promotion during classes. Provision of in service training for teachers and revision in PE teachers&rsquoeducation curriculum might be needed to improve the health-related physical activity levels and knowledge of adults of future.
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Åström, Peter. "Included yet Excluded? : Conditions for Inclusive Teaching in Physical Education and Health." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79552.
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This dissertation has examined the conditions for teachers who teach Physical Education and Health (PEH) in elementary school (age 11-12) and their opportunities to pursue inclusive teaching with the aim of reaching all pupils. The compilation thesis consists of four different articles and provides knowledge from the perspectives of pupils and teachers, but it also includes teaching and learning processes that were studied in situ. The first article contributes to knowledge on how different related variables affect learning motivation and how cultural aspects influence and affect shaping patterns of attitudes, beliefs, and values shared by pupils. Based on and selected from the sample of the first study, the second article examines low-motivated pupils’ perceptions about learning in the subject and their representations of teaching, learning and participating in PEH. The third article takes the teacher’s perspective into account and examines teachers’ discursive representations of low motivated pupils and related beliefs regarding inclusive teaching and strategies for reaching all pupils. The last article presents a case study examining teaching and learning in PEH in situ and demonstrating how a teacher’s assumptions about the purpose of PEH and consequent interactions with a student assumed to be “low motivated” had effects that were detrimental to the student’s confidence and capacity to engage and learn in PEH. The general major findings and the suggested implications of the results have been discussed and organized from the two major dichotomies involved in the two fundamental inclusive perspectives: a categorical perspective (problems are sited within individuals) and a relational perspective (perceived problems occur in the interaction between an individual and the surrounding environment). Applying a categorical perspective, pupils categorized as “low motivated” toward learning in PEH experienced little opportunity to influence either content or form and also had difficulties in verbalizing the aim and purpose of the subject. Despite long-term health-related goals, they had difficulties understanding and connecting to PEH. The pupils also had difficulties connecting with their teachers, who were described as being insensitive, uncaring, or inflexible and forcing “unrealistic” goals on them when they did not feel competent at mastering the content relative to their peers. The studies confirm that learning motivation is strongly related to perceived competence, and low learning motivation is related to feelings of anxiety, especially for girls. Teachers, on the other hand, attributed motivation problems to the individual (the pupil) or the context (social background, parents, etc.) rather than the situation, their own teaching in class. Teachers had various strategies for teaching inclusively. Cooperative and collaborative methods, such as using skilled pupils or pupils with the “right” attitude as role models for behavioral transfer or “strategic grouping,” were mentioned as inclusive teaching strategies. Adapting the rules of games or traditional sports so that everyone started on the same level was another strategy. By presenting a multi-activity approach to teaching with many different sports, pupils were assumed to be able to find “their” particular sports. Results also showed that the stereotyping of “low motivated” pupils often is related to the teacher’s own perception of what is experienced as essential learning in the subject. Applying a relational perspective, focus is on the system beyond the individual. Based on the results of these studies, the subject seems to be influenced and guided by two logics or discourses: fostering to sports and related values, and health and fitness. Both logics also highlight the importance of content and form in teaching. The sport discourse seems to create a situation where normative performance-oriented components have negative consequences for certain pupils. A general use of a multi-activity approach for structuring the content with short-term units, using primarily team sports and ball games, can be argued counterproductive for pupils, especially for those pupils who start at lower skill levels. This approach with fragmentary or blurred learning objectives may then contribute to disservice in a long-term perspective. This, combined with the effect of high activity and unilateral focus on exercise risks blurring of other possible learning dimensions in the subject, and may also contribute to the alienation of pupils who lack skill, ability, or interest in the subject. With inclusive intentions abilities in the subject may need to be reconceived and alternative abilities recognized to challenge the established order and normalized ways of thinking in terms of content and form. Teaching efforts that give primary consideration to the individual needs of “marginalized” pupils may be necessary if inclusive intentions are to be met. It is therefore suggested that teachers need to look beyond the traditionally trodden paths and challenge the currently dominating discourses that influence PEH. Reinforcing other learning dimensions and reconceiving abilities to go beyond the emphasis on skill and performance may strengthen pupils in other areas they possess. Differentiated teaching must not lose sight of needs that are common to a group or a class as a whole, but rather, it must also consider the needs of each individual.
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Barnett, Tracie. "Predictors of physical inactivity among elementary school children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37089.pdf.
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Johnson, Sherèè Johnson. "Income, Education, Age, and Physical Activity Among Physically Disabled African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4298.
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This study was designed to identify possible risk factors about physical activity in middle-aged disabled African American women (AAW) aged 45 to 64 years. Disabled middle-aged AAW has a disproportionate prevalence of obesity and chronic illness than nondisabled women. Most disabled middle-aged AAW leads a sedentary lifestyle, and they do not meet the recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines. Little is known about this group, and a social ecological model was used to explain PA patterns. Data were extracted from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 1,599) for women who responded yes to indicate that they needed specialized equipment. This cross-sectional quantitative study used univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the relationship between age, education, and income among middle-aged disabled AAW. A general linear model revealed younger disabled AAW (ages 45 to 54) engaged in more physical activity time per week than did their older counterparts (estimate = 76.012, p = .001). Individuals with less education reported more minutes of physical activity than college graduates (estimate = 142.522, p = .001). Respondents with annual incomes from $35,000-$49,999 (estimate = 184.590, p = .000) were more physically active than their more affluent counterparts. Smoking, demographic variables, and emotional well-being did not affect minutes of moderate physical activity. This research may contribute to positive social change by suggesting that programs intended to increase physical activity among disabled AAW be targeted toward those who are older, are more educated, and have higher incomes.
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Diep, Judy. "Size Matters| The Impact of Weight-Based Discrimination on College Students' Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Achievement." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10275373.
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Inclusion of students with diverse identities and addressing all forms of discrimination are critical for institutes of higher education. While progress has been made to create welcoming environments for many social groups, one has been largely ignored. Fat* students are at risk for facing weight-based discrimination with possibly detrimental effects to their physical health, mental health, and academic success. Given that there are no legal protections against weight-based discrimination, and a general acceptability of weight bias, fat students are possibly marginalized and left to cope on their own.
The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore gender and racial differences in experiencing weight-based discrimination, and examine the relationships between weight-based discrimination, self-esteem, internalized weight bias, physical health, mental health, and academic achievement. An online survey was completed by 502 students from a large public university in Southern California. The findings revealed that female college students reported experiencing significantly more weight-based discrimination than male college students. Weight-based discrimination significantly predicted lower levels of physical health and mental health. Furthermore, internalized weight bias and self-esteem were found to be significant mediators of the effect of weight-based discrimination on physical health and mental health. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the physical and psychosocial effects of weight-based discrimination of college students. Recommendations are made for the development of size inclusive policies and practices, inclusion of fat pedagogy, and a weight-neutral approach to college health so that students of all sizes may persist and successfully complete their higher educational journeys. *The term “fat” is used in a neutral, non-judgmental sense.
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O’Neil, Kason, Jennifer M. Krause, and Scott Douglas. "University Supervisor Perceptions of Live Remote Supervision in Physical Education Teacher Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4048.
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With advancement in modern technology, it is now possible for student teaching supervisors to virtually observe lessons remotely through the use of live video remote supervision. This innovation requires less overall funding (i.e., travel costs) and allows for highly qualified university professionals to provide direct feedback to student teachers. A phenomenological case-study approach was used to explore university supervisors’ perceptions and experiences with live remote supervision. Data from post-observation survey logs and a culminating focus group were collected from current physical education teacher education (PETE) program university supervisors (n = 3) from two separate higher education institutions. An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was conducted to best find meaning in the participants’ personal experiences. Qualitative results showed: (a) the iPad’s field of vision restricted the university supervisor from viewing all student teacher actions, though this was offset by increased ability to hear teacher through the Bluetooth, (b) initial and continual connectivity was problematic at times, (c) university supervisors rated the ability to hear every word the student teacher says to be very helpful (even more so than in live observations), (d) supervisors rated the quality of pre/post conferences and quality of observation to be high, though (e) this format did lose some of the personal touch of on-site visits. The findings suggest that remote supervision may prove to be a practical and cost-efficient way to facilitate supervision of field experiences in physical education and can potentially help shift towards a new paradigm of supervision in teacher education.
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Catchings, Myralynn B. "The Effects of an Integrated Health and Physical Education Program on Student Achievement." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/968.
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In recent years, several schools have addressed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 by focusing on promoting skill acquisition in reading and math, often overlooking physical education (PE) as a significant part of a child's education. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated health and physical education (HPE) program on student achievement. This study was grounded in action-based learning theories. The research question examined differences in posttest scores, adjusted for pretest differences, from 204 freshman students enrolled in a Biology-1 class at an urban high school. Students in Group A were enrolled in Biology-1 and an HPE class that incorporates Biology-1 content. Students in Group B were enrolled in Biology-1 but were not in a HPE class; thus, they did not participate in the integrated HPE program. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine whether the integrated PE program increased student achievement in Biology-1. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups (p < .05). The Biology-1 students who participated in the integrated HPE program scored significantly higher on the Biology-1 state test than the Biology-1 students who did not participate in the integrated HPE program. These results may influence educational decisions regarding the use of HPE by encouraging serious consideration of an integrated HPE program, which could enhance student achievement, thus promoting positive social change.
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O'Neil, Kason M., Sharon Cradic, and C. Olive. "Innovative Games for Striking in Elementary Physical Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4032.
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