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au, buxtons@senet com, and Sandra Michelle Buxton. "Shift Work: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040302.154645.
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Shift work is a major feature of modern work practices. It involves individuals working at times considered unconventional for most workers, such as at night. Although the community often benefits from such work practices, shift work can be hazardous, for both the workers and the community.
The thesis reviews the main problems of shift work, especially when involving night work. These are: an increased risk for accidents and errors; increased sleepiness and fatigue due to difficulties sleeping; increased health problems; and disruption to family and social life. Strategies to limit the risk associated with these hazards are also reviewed, and include using knowledge of circadian principles to plan shift schedules, sleeping schedules and meal times; planned napping; consideration of the work environment; and newer techniques such as using bright lights and melatonin.
While this information is known to the research community, it has not filtered down to many shift work workplaces and thus has had little if any positive effect on actual shift work practices. For a change in shift work practices to occur, the research knowledge must become available to every shift work workplace, as must some incentive or motivation to ensure that workplaces make the necessary changes.
The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws provide such a framework. Considering shift work as an OHS hazard would ensure that all shift work workplaces identified the hazards of shift work, conducted a risk assessment to identify the risk associated with the hazards, and then implemented the appropriate strategies, from the hierarchy of shift work hazard control measures, for both employers and employees, to fulfil their duty of care to minimise the risks. Considering shift work as an OHS issue would ensure that the research information was used as intended to improve the safety, performance, and quality of life of all shift workers. The present thesis reviews the shift work research and introduces an OHS perspective as a method to manage shift work effectively.
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Buxton, Sandra Michelle. "Shift work: an occupational health and safety hazard." Buxton, Sandra Michelle (2003) Shift work: an occupational health and safety hazard. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/495/.
Full textAbstract:
Shift work is a major feature of modern work practices. It involves individuals working at times considered unconventional for most workers, such as at night. Although the community often benefits from such work practices, shift work can be hazardous, for both the workers and the community.
The thesis reviews the main problems of shift work, especially when involving night work. These are: an increased risk for accidents and errors; increased sleepiness and fatigue due to difficulties sleeping; increased health problems; and disruption to family and social life. Strategies to limit the risk associated with these hazards are also reviewed, and include using knowledge of circadian principles to plan shift schedules, sleeping schedules and meal times; planned napping; consideration of the work environment; and newer techniques such as using bright lights and melatonin.
While this information is known to the research community, it has not filtered down to many shift work workplaces and thus has had little if any positive effect on actual shift work practices. For a change in shift work practices to occur, the research knowledge must become available to every shift work workplace, as must some incentive or motivation to ensure that workplaces make the necessary changes.
The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws provide such a framework. Considering shift work as an OHS hazard would ensure that all shift work workplaces identified the hazards of shift work, conducted a risk assessment to identify the risk associated with the hazards, and then implemented the appropriate strategies, from the hierarchy of shift work hazard control measures, for both employers and employees, to fulfil their duty of care to minimise the risks. Considering shift work as an OHS issue would ensure that the research information was used as intended - to improve the safety, performance, and quality of life of all shift workers. The present thesis reviews the shift work research and introduces an OHS perspective as a method to manage shift work effectively.
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Buxton, Sandra. "Shift work: An occupational health and safety hazard." Thesis, Buxton, Sandra (2003) Shift work: An occupational health and safety hazard. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/495/.
Full textAbstract:
Shift work is a major feature of modern work practices. It involves individuals working at times considered unconventional for most workers, such as at night. Although the community often benefits from such work practices, shift work can be hazardous, for both the workers and the community.
The thesis reviews the main problems of shift work, especially when involving night work. These are: an increased risk for accidents and errors; increased sleepiness and fatigue due to difficulties sleeping; increased health problems; and disruption to family and social life. Strategies to limit the risk associated with these hazards are also reviewed, and include using knowledge of circadian principles to plan shift schedules, sleeping schedules and meal times; planned napping; consideration of the work environment; and newer techniques such as using bright lights and melatonin.
While this information is known to the research community, it has not filtered down to many shift work workplaces and thus has had little if any positive effect on actual shift work practices. For a change in shift work practices to occur, the research knowledge must become available to every shift work workplace, as must some incentive or motivation to ensure that workplaces make the necessary changes.
The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws provide such a framework. Considering shift work as an OHS hazard would ensure that all shift work workplaces identified the hazards of shift work, conducted a risk assessment to identify the risk associated with the hazards, and then implemented the appropriate strategies, from the hierarchy of shift work hazard control measures, for both employers and employees, to fulfil their duty of care to minimise the risks. Considering shift work as an OHS issue would ensure that the research information was used as intended - to improve the safety, performance, and quality of life of all shift workers. The present thesis reviews the shift work research and introduces an OHS perspective as a method to manage shift work effectively.
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Buxton, Sandra. "Shift work : an occupational health and safety hazard /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040302.154645.
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Pritchard, Helene Sian. "Health and safety at work : a crisis of values." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404523.
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Abdulkhaleq, Sania Mohammed Saleh. "Association between Work-Related Safety and Work-Related Injuries among Home Health Care Providers." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746442.
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Home care nurses (HCNs) have reported a high rate of exposure to work-related injuries (WRIs). Nurses are challenged by the multidimensional problems associated with home care safety. These contextual risk factors increase the physical and social health problems of health care workers and of community suffering as a whole. This quantitative, cross-sectional study was designed to examine the relationship between the organization-related factors (ORFs) and the environment-related factors (ERFs) and their influences on safety behaviors (SBs) and the WRIs of HCNs. The PRECEDE framework was used to guide the study. Self-reported data were obtained from 74 home health care (HHC) nurses using the Safety Home Care Nursing questionnaire. A linear regression model was applied to determine the nature of the association between the independent variables and dependents variables. Findings showed the ORFs demonstrate a stronger effect on the SBs than the impact of the ERFs. The management commitment and the home-based care significantly affected the SBs. The supervisory support and safety access to a client's home were decreasing the WRIs. Therefore, the integration of efforts: The management and leadership of the health organization, the health care providers, and the clients’ family would improve safety of HHC. This study is expected to help develop safety strategies for home care and thus attempt to minimize WRIs among HCNs. Nurses free of injuries are able to provide a quality of care and improve patients’ health outcomes that in turn have an effect on reducing community suffering and financial costs.
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Sparer, Emily Helen. "Improving Health and Safety in Construction: The Intersection of Programs and Policies, Work Organization, and Safety Climate." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121136.
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Statement of Problem: Despite significant advancements in occupational health and safety in recent decades, injury rates in commercial construction remain high. New programs that address the complexity of the construction work environment are needed to keep workers healthy and safe.
Methods: The first step of this dissertation was to explore associations between organizational programs and policies, as measured by a Contractor Safety Assessment Program (CSAP) score, and worker safety climate scores. Next, a safety communication and recognition program was developed and piloted. It was evaluated through a mixed methods approach in a randomized controlled trial. Primary outcome measures included safety climate, awareness, communication, and teambuilding. Additionally, the dynamic nature of the construction site was quantified through an analysis of the determinants of length of stay of construction workers on the worksite.
Results: Correlations between CSAP scores and safety climate scores were weak at best, thus highlighting a gap in communication between management and workers. The B-SAFE program, a safety communication and recognition program was developed to meet this gap. It used data from safety inspection scores to provide feedback to workers on hazards and controls, and provided a reward when the site met a pre-determined safety inspection threshold (a measure that was fair, consistent, attainable and fair). In the final program design, the whole site was treated as the unit of analysis. B-SAFE led to many positive changes, including a statistically significant increase in safety climate scores of 2.29 points (p-value=0.012), when adjusting for time-varying parameters and worker characteristics. Workers at the B-SAFE sites noted increased levels of safety awareness, communication, and teamwork, when compared to control sites. The composition of workers on-site at any given month changed by approximately 50%, and the length of stay on-site was associated with race/ethnicity, union status, title, trade, and musculoskeletal pain (p-values<0.05).
Conclusions: The construction work environment is dynamic, with over half of the population on-site changing each month. This makes applying and evaluating traditional worksite based interventions challenging. Interventions like B-SAFE that are developed to address the complexities can have a positive impact on site safety measures.Environmental Health
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Guros, Frankie. "Thinking About Work at Home: Implications for Safety at Work." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2624.
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Safety at work is of the utmost importance to employees and the organizations they work for, and as such, it is a central issue for occupational health psychology. Although dramatic decreases in the number of worker injuries and fatalities have been observed over the last several decades, safety remains a principal concern for organizations. This is especially true in occupations in which employees face serious threats to their personal safety, such as correctional officers (COs). While a number of studies have identified workplace factors that contribute to worker safety, few have attempted to draw a link between employee nonwork experiences and safety at work. In the current study, a model was tested to examine whether the relationship between cognitive nonwork recovery experiences and safety performance at work was mediated by safety motivation. Specifically, the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) and the concept of self-regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) were utilized to test these relationships. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment during nonwork time can replenish cognitive resources that employees need in order to feel motivated to be focused on safety in the workplace, and negative work reflection can drain these resources. Furthermore, drawing on Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 1998) it was posited that positive work reflection during nonwork time would have a positive relationship with safety motivation. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these cognitive recovery experiences and safety motivation would be moderated by individual perceptions of safety climate. The hypotheses were examined in a sample of COs (N = 166) from two correctional facilities in Oregon. The results overall did not provide strong empirical support for the model. No support was found for the role of psychological detachment or negative work reflection. Additionally, perceptions of safety climate did not moderate the relationship between cognitive recovery experiences and safety. However, positive work reflection during nonwork time was significantly associated with safety participation motivation, which in turn had a positive association with safety participation. Additionally analyses revealed that this relationship was reciprocal in nature when utilizing an additional sample four months after data collection, such that safety participation motivation and safety participation predicted positive work reflection. The findings from the current study build on the research between the work-life interface and safety at work, suggesting that positive nonwork experiences can potentially be related to discretional safety performance at work. Implications for practical applications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Rooms, A. E. "Health and safety at work : Self regulation in the multi retail industry." Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381663.
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Bågfeldt, Ted. "Middle manager's work for occupational health and safety in the shipping industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105560.
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The middle manager situation is sometimes squeezed between requirements from different parties at the same time as they are crucial for the development of the organization. Masters, chief engineers and managers in the catering department onboard are middle managers squeezed between the office requirements and the working conditions of their crew. The purpose of this study was to look into the middle managers conditions with focus on the work for good working environment onboard ships in the commercial shipping industry. A study was made consisting of two main parts, first a literature review and secondly focus group interviews. The literature review looked for findings about the middle managers work for occupational health and safety, which were mostly about industries and organisations ashore. These findings were tested in the focus groups in order to find out if they applied also for the commercial shipping industry and if there are any special things to consider there. The focus group members were of both genders, from different management positions and companies within the Swedish commercial shipping industry. So what recommendations can be made in order to improve the middle managers work for a good working environment or occupational health and safety (OHS)? Recommendations are given about competence, staff engagement, policies, shared leadership and administrative workload. Three findings are suggested for further research, shared leadership, administrative workload and client pressure. It is interesting that the type of shared leadership that are found onboard seems to be rather unique for the commercial shipping industry.
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Auchinleck, Jennifer. "Enforcing the right to healthy housing: recourse for Montreal tenants facing health and safety problems at home." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106292.
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This exploratory study examined the recourse available to Montreal tenants facing housing problems that affect their health and/or safety. Strengths and weaknesses of the Quebec Rental Board and the borough-level city inspection service were explored through qualitative interviews with key informants and brief analysis of statistics. Findings suggest that, although the Rental Board has certain strengths and it is possible for tenants to achieve a positive outcome, particularly if represented by a lawyer, there is a major gap between tenants' rights under the Civil Code and their ability to enforce these rights in practice. Issues discussed include access, hearing procedures, challenges in providing proof, and results ultimately obtained. At the level of the borough inspection service, this study suggests both strengths and weaknesses, as well as variation between boroughs; time, resources, and the philosophy of intervention emerged as important themes. Ideas for improvements for both of these recourses were also discussed.Cette étude exploratoire visait à examiner le recours disponible aux locataires montréalais vivant des problèmes de logement touchant leur santé et /ou leur sécurité. Les forces et les faiblesses de la Régie du logement du Québec ainsi que du Service d'inspection de la Ville de Montréal (arrondissements) ont été explorées par le biais d'entrevues avec des acteurs–clé ainsi qu'une analyse brève de statistiques. Les résultats suggèrent que, malgré certaines forces et bien qu'un résultat positif soit possible à la Régie du logement (surtout avec la représentation par avocat-e), il existe un écart important entre les droits accordés aux locataires en vertu du Code civil et leur capacité de faire respecter ces droits en pratique. L'accès, les procédures, la preuve, et les résultats ultimement obtenus sont parmi les enjeux discutés. Au niveau du service d'inspection, ce projet suggère des forces et des faiblesses, ainsi qu'une variation entre arrondissements. Le temps, les ressources et la philosophie d'intervention ont apparu comme thèmes importants. Des suggestions visant l'amélioration de ces deux recours ont également été discutées.
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Valluru, Charan T. "The subcontractor safety problem: hidden, variable, and outsider work." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/414914.
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The continued rise of non-standard forms of employment, including increased use of subcontractors, has focused industry and research attention on how to manage the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) of subcontractor employees. Existing measures to mitigate OHS risk appear to be less effective in the case of subcontractor employees as they are shaped by principal contractors and regulatory bodies in isolation to the realities of the non-standard nature of subcontractor work.
From this point of view, in order to successfully manage subcontractor OHS risk, it is necessary to explore OHS risk as a perceived uncertainty that is constructed by the various stakeholders ((1) Principal Contractor and Subcontractor management, (2) Regulator, and (3) Subcontractor employees) based on their understanding of subcontractor work. The thesis is structured as a series of three studies, each addressing a different stakeholder point of view. The first study utilises focus groups to understand the reasons behind subcontractor OHS risk from the viewpoint of the managements of principal contractors and subcontractors. The second study utilises accident case studies to explore the viewpoint of the regulator. The third study is a six-month ethnography in an Australian utility organisation where data was collected through participant observations and 17 semi structured interviews with both the principal contractor and subcontractor employees to identify how the precarious nature of subcontractor work impacts their perception of OHS risk.
A key question throughout this work was why do some subcontractors experience significantly higher OHS risk than others? To explain this, the thesis introduces the notion of ‘standing’. Standing is the informal hierarchical position of a subcontractor employee. This includes concepts previously discussed in the literature such as employee safety voice, injury reporting, and authority to stop work, but also factors such as job autonomy, and invoked paternalism from Principal Contractor/Client co-workers. The thesis concludes that standing contributes to subcontractor OHS risk through its connection to the precariousness of subcontractor work. The results have further implications towards the design of more well-rounded solutions to improve subcontractor OHS that take the nature of the work into consideration.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Blench, Michael Anthony. "The effect of wearing work boots on lumbar spine flexion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ32529.pdf.
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Didla, Shama. "Influence of leadership and safety climate on employee safety compliance and citizenship behaviours." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25498.
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Clark, Olga L. "COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG NURSES: EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY CLIMATE, ROLE DEFINITIONS, AND SAFE WORK PRACTICES." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143231038.
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Da, Silva M. E. M. "Health and safety at work : a comparative analysis of the Brazilian enforcement framework." Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26632/.
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The rate of work place accidents and consequential work place fatalities in Brazil is very high. This thesis intends to analyse whether a structured enforcement body with clear policies, regulations, standards and guidance is necessary to improve working conditions and to provide a safe work environment in Brazil. Central to this study is the Brazilian Enforcement Framework. This thesis will focus on enforcement powers and the forms of punishments that are provided to cover breaches of health and safety legislation. It will also focus on the structure of the Enforcement Body. An assessment will be made of the Brazilian Judiciary System, Health and Safety at Work Legislation and the political, social and economic issues. This will be done in order to identify if improvements alone to enforcement will be sufficient to reduce the high level of work place accidents. The study concluded that Brazil lacks clear and specific health and safety at work legislation which takes into account the circumstances today such as the working environment, the work force, working relationships and what is necessary to provide protection to the general public. The conclusion also claims that the political, social and economic reality in Brazil does not include a perspective that contributes to promoting a health and safety culture generally. Therefore this thesis does not recommend that a newly structured enforcement body be constructed, it goes far beyond that and recommends that a whole new model of Health and Safety at Work should be created. The recommendation follows the conclusion that a newly structured enforcement body will not be enough to reduce the level of accidents at work to a more acceptable level. The recommendation takes into account Brazil's reality today and a genuine commitment towards health and safety at work on all levels.
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Church, Stephanie Louise. "The social organisation of sex work : implications for female prostitutes' health and safety." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1179/.
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Introduction: Existing literature focuses on the risks that prostitutes pose to society rather than the occupational risks they face. Most of this work has been conducted with women who work on the streets, although estimates suggest that indoor prostitution (saunas and private flats) in particular is a growing area of commercial sex. This thesis aims to examine the social and economic organisation of commercial sex work in the UK across the three settings of street, sauna and private flats, paying particular attention to the health and safety implications for the women involved. Results: Women in the study reported high levels of social disadvantage that influenced their entry into prostitution; almost half were first paid for sex before they were eighteen and a minority were first forced into prostitution. The working conditions and routines of the three workplaces are described, focusing on the key social and structural features of the workplace, women’s autonomy and working rules, along with their potential impact upon general health, work related stress and safety. Few differences were found in the sexual and reproductive health of women working in different settings. However, as a group, prostitutes had far poorer sexual and reproductive health than non-prostitute women. High levels of violence were reported across the study, mainly from clients, but also pimps and other women. This was patterned by workplace, with street workers significantly more likely to experience violence than either sauna or flat workers. Conclusion: Prostitutes do not represent a threat to the health and safety of their clients; rather, data from this study suggest that the reverse is true. Prostitute health (e.g. sexual and reproductive health, drug use) is poorer than that of non-prostitute women in the UK, and as such, prostitutes represent a group with specialist health and welfare needs. The illegality, stigma and organisation of prostitution further impede women’s health and safety. The findings of this study can be used to tailor health services for prostitutes, as well as inform policy and future research
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Martin, Andrew. "The harmonisation of Australian mining work health and safety laws achievements to date." Thesis, Martin, Andrew (2012) The harmonisation of Australian mining work health and safety laws achievements to date. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41675/.
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In the 1970’s Lord Robens chaired a United Kingdom committee which produced a highly influential report titled Safety and Health at Work. This report simultaneously recognised the increasing importance of safety and health at work, in response to changing community attitudes and expectations, while also aiming to reduce the administrative cost burden posed by the same. Into the 1980’s each Australian state and territory enacted work health and safety legislation which aimed to put these ‘Robens’ principles’ into practice. However, this was largely done in isolation and so almost as soon as the ink was dry, attempts to make this this resulting legislation more similar and less disparate by harmonising the legislation began across the Australian Commonwealth. Aimed at both mine and general work health and safety, these attempts have largely been unsuccessful with respect to mine work health and safety. This is the case even though uniform or identical legislation has not been attempted, rather just harmonised legislation.
Notwithstanding the potential economic benefit to Australia, given the long history of attempted harmonisation of Australian mine work health and safety legislation, achieved this result is clearly a major challenge. This paper will attempt to explain why this is so, while also analysing in some detail the current state of Australian mine work health and safety legislation nationally. This will be done by theoretical analysis of the respective state legislation as well as by practical case study, where fictional scenarios of potential mine health and safety legislative issues will be analysed. This will allow the current state of national harmonisation to be accurately determined.
The author of this paper is an appointed Inspector of Mines and professionally qualified electrical engineer with the Western Australian Department of Mines and Petroleum. Notwithstanding, only publically available information has been accessed for this paper and any opinions expressed herein are solely that of the author in a personal capacity.
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Burgel, Barbara J. "Psychosocial work factors and shoulder pain in hotel room cleaners." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339180.
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Hamd, Dina H. "The risk of low back pain in health care providers who work in the homes of patients compared to nursing aides who work in the long term care hospitals /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36020.
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A cohort study was conducted in Montreal (1988--1992) to test whether working in home care as a home maker entails a higher risk of developing low back pain than working in long term care hospitals as a nursing aide; and to investigate which risk factors may contribute to low back pain. Data from 978 self-administered questionnaires were analysed. Home makers suffered more than nursing aides from low back pain attributed to work. The adjusted odds ratios for home makers were: 1.63 (95% CI = 1.03--2.58) for a first episode of low back pain during 1998--1992, 2.43 (95% CI = 1.05--5.60) for disabling low back pain in 1992, 1.51 (95% CI = 1.13--2.02) for ever having low back pain as of 1992. The study subjects were divided into two cohorts, incident (newly hired persons during 1988--1992) and prevalent (at work in 1988 and in 1992). There was an excess risk of low back pain in the incident cohort; none in the prevalent cohort. The risk of low back pain was shown to decrease with increasing age, help to move patients, adequate equipment in the bedrooms, sufficient space in the bathrooms of patients. The risk increased with convalescent post-op patients, transfers of patients, seniority greater than 5 years, delivery of children, need of a patient-lift. Disabling low back pain could be reduced by introducing the following preventive measures: adequate bedroom equipment, help to move patients, training, sufficient space in the bathrooms, less transfers of patients.
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Mirchev, A., and M. Titopoulou. "Provision of sustainable economic business development by improving the health and safety at work." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30876.
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Sustainability is a concept and practice within the plans for managing of people, organizations, corporations and even governments for the common development path of the present and future generations in the process of search of a better quality of life.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30876
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Hittle, Beverly M. "Elusive Sleep: Healthcare Workers, Shift Work, and Implications for Worker Health and Patient Safety." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562059911010694.
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Weatherford, Barbara H. "Patient Safety: A Multi-Climate Approach to the Nursing Work Environment: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/20.
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The purpose of this study was to explore Zohar’s Multi-Climate Framework for Occupational Safety to determine the effects of staff nurse perceptions of safety priorities in their organization (safety climate) and their work ownership climate (Magnet Hospital designation) on safety citizenship behaviors viewed as in role or extra role. Safety citizenship behaviors are described as behaviors that go beyond the job description to ensure safety. Participants from a convenience sample of three Magnet designated community hospitals in New England completed three scales (Zohar’s Safety Climate Questionnaire, Essentials of Magnetism II and the Safety Citizenship Role Definitions Scale) representing the study variables via an online survey platform. Multivariate analysis of covariance informed the results. Findings include a positive unadjusted relationship between safety climate and work ownership climate (rs=.492, pF (1, 86) = 8.4, p=.005, N=92), controlling for work ownership climate and hospital. Implications include support for a continued focus on better understanding the importance of a positive nursing work environment, a characteristic shared by Magnet designated hospitals, on the presence of safety citizenship behaviors in the acute care environment. A professional work environment should be considered as an important factor in reducing errors in the acute care setting.
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Sinclair-Williams, M. J. M. "Disability and safety management systems in TQM and non-TQM organisations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844353/.
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Historically society has, at various periods in time, protected the health, safety and welfare of those most disadvantaged by using socially based collective mechanisms. Within the United Kingdom the model used to achieve this collective protection has developed from proscription, under the Factories Acts, to a more self-regulatory and risk based approach advocated by Lord Roben's under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and its relevant statutory provisions. The body tasked with providing examples of good practice and regulating the provisions of the Act, The Health and Safety Executive, advocate a management-led model using the principles of total quality management (TQM). This model is one which purports to focus on a systematic and empowered approach by involving all staff in the evaluation and reduction of systematic error within processes throughout the whole organisation. It can be argued that the contemporary disadvantaged are no longer the children of the industrial revolution but are those members of society who seek employment yet are handicapped by society through disability or impairment- the paradigm of disability. This study sought to explore this paradigm of disability and TQM within the context of two contrasting industrial sectors - the engineering and retail sectors. The study sought to break new ground by exploring whether the TQM model, which advocates system totality, reduction in variation and continuous improvement as fundamental principles, does in fact provide improved cognitive adequacy (a construct of institutional responsibility, communication and problem resolution) within the paradigm of disability. The study used a triangulation methodology to collect qualitative data at the individual and institutional level. This involved a number of phases comprising group discussions, focus groups and self-completed questionnaires (n=1135) by economically active disabled, impaired and handicapped individuals and at the organisational level case study analysis (n=8) and self-completed questionnaires (n=2181) by institutional key players. Although the construct of disability is multifaceted, the study concluded that at the individual level a number of factors were perceived to be ranked higher and as such more important to disabled employees in maintaining their health, safety and welfare. These were further classified into 'software' and 'hardware' domains of a safety management system with institutional social support being most important. Social support comprised support, communication and trust and was perceived to be low at the organisational level. At the institutional or organisational level social support can be measured using the theory of cognitive adequacy comprising responsibility, communication and problem resolution. When measured at the organisational level, via the policy domain, cognitive adequacy was once more concluded to be low or absent. These results applied equally to individuals within both the retail and engineering sectors. The study also concluded that, at the organisational level, safety systems which can be categorised as formal did not exist to meet the needs of the disabled within the organisations studied. This was particularly evident at the policy domain level where it was noted that few companies had included provisions for the allocation of specifically defined responsibility and control. However there existed many informal sub-systems which had developed through group dynamics and personal interrelations. In many cases those tasked with operational responsibility were unaware of such sub-systems. There also existed many barriers within the disability paradigm to both the duty holder and disabled employees meeting specific duties under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. In particular communication, both verbal and non-verbal, presented the highest ranked barrier to organisations achieving a high cognitive adequacy condition. Each construct was measured using contingency tables and log-linear analysis to determine any association between TQM and non-TQM organisations for the paradigm of disability. Significant differences in data acquisition, performance measurement and problem resolution existed between TQM and Non-TQM organisations. However in relation to the paradigm of disability, the study concluded that the data supported the null hypothesis that, in the context of the paradigm of disability, no significant differences were exhibited between the safety management systems (SMS) of organisations who had adopted TQM and those that had not. Holistically this study has provided a deeper understanding of the complexity of the disabled paradigm and safety provisions at work.
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Lengua, Apolaya César. "Coordination, Surveillance and Administrative Responsibility of the Parent Company in Safety and Health at Work." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118037.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes the essential obligations arising on safety and health at work with regard to the parent company in a scheme of productive decentralization, which is characterized in our midst by the widespread use of labor intermediation and outsourcing services both modalities recognized and regulated by Peruvian law.El presente artículo analizará las obligaciones esenciales que surgen en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo respecto de la empresa principal en un esquema de descentralización productiva, el cual se caracteriza en nuestro medio por el empleo difundido de la intermediación laboral y la tercerización de servicios, ambas modalidades reconocidas y reguladas por la legislación peruana.
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Thompson, Isaac Benjamin. "Challenge and hindrance stressor appraisals, personal resources, and work engagement among K-12 teachers." Thesis, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537107.
Full textAbstract:
Stress has long been conceptualized as consisting of two factors, eustress, or good stress, and distress, or bad stress (Selye, 1956). The occupational stress literature identifies challenge stressors as those associated with favorable outcomes, and hindrance stressors as those associated with negative outcomes (Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling, & Boudreau, 2000). The current study had three objectives: 1) to investigate occupational level stressor appraisal by K-12 teachers, 2) to explore how the perception of the availability of resources influences individual level stressor appraisal, and 3) to test differential outcomes of challenge and hindrance stress. Results indicate that K-12 teachers appraise workload as a hindrance stressor more than as a challenge stressor, which is contrary to existing management literature categorizing workload a challenge stressor. Perceived resources also accounted for significant variance in individual appraisal of stressors as a hindrance. Results pinpoint precise personal and organizational resources that contribute to stressor appraisals as a hindrance. Finally, hindrance stress significantly detracted from engagement while challenge stress did not affect work engagement.
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Tedestedt, Ronny. "An Occupational Health and Safety Conversation : The Swedish and New Zealand Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216211.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT There has been a change in the nature of work over recent decades with an increase in the use of non-standard forms of work. Non-standard work includes for example the use of contractors and sub-contractors. These forms of employment lead to a greater vulnerability of the workforce. These workers are missing out on union representation, training opportunities and basic employment protection. This directly impacts the safety of the workers due to the confusing legislation over duty of care. It is often unclear who is responsible for providing occupational health and safety (OHS) training for these workers. It is for this reason the following report will attempt to gain a better understanding of the policies and regulations surrounding OHS in two countries. Sweden and New Zealand have been chosen as a focus for this research because they represent two different governing systems. The aim of this research was to describe what structures and policies regulate occupational health and safety matters in Sweden and New Zealand comparatively. It was also the aim of this research to seek insight into the policy conversation around OHS training in both Sweden and New Zealand. Three research questions have been used throughout the report to guide the researcher when selecting relevant documents collating the main themes and overall ensuring that the research stays on track. The questions are as follows: What structures and policies regulate occupational health and safety matters in Sweden and New Zealand? What characterises both the Swedish and the New Zealand work environment? What is the policy conversation around OHS training in Sweden and New Zealand? The methodology choosen for this research was a qualitative approach because greater in-depth understanding for OHS matters were sought after. The research was focused around policy documents from both Sweden and New Zealand. The documents from each country were chosen because of their current and topical relevance to each country. The main findings from this research were grouped into five themes based on key termes identified in both countries documents. The five themes are as follows: Work Environment and Regulation OHS Training and Attitudes Worker Participation OHS Research Longer Working Life Conclusions were made based on these themes. OHS regulation was found to be adequate in Sweden in contrast to New Zealand. In New Zealand there is a call for major reforms to be made to the OHS legislation because due to its lack of adequate coverage for the current workforce. The term work environment is used in Sweden and includes a more holistic view, compared to the term occupational health and safety which is used in New Zealand and focuses more on safety and the prevention of work-related harm. Inadequate training for safety representatives were found to be an issue both in Sweden and New Zealand. In Sweden safety representatives are entitled to sufficient paid leave to fulfill their duties including training, in contrast to New Zealand where the safety representatives are entitled to only two days paid leave annualy. OHS training was suggested to be a necessary component in many tertiary education programs both in Sweden and New Zealand. The suggestion was made to better prepare prospective managers who will have OHS responsibilities. Worker participation was found to be a necessary component of a well functioning OHS scheme in both the countries. It was not adequately regulated in New Zealand until the implementation of the Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act 2002. In both Sweden and New Zealand new OHS research functions were suggested to be established. The changing nature of work is highlighted as a concern in both countries, because legislation does not adequately cover the new forms of work and is not conducive to OHS.
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Banks, Tamara Dee. "An investigation into how work-related road safety can be enhanced." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29683/1/Tamara_Banks_Citation.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the facts that vehicle incidents continue to be the most common mechanism for Australian compensated fatalities and that employers have statutory obligations to provide safe workplaces, very few organisations are proactively and comprehensively managing their work-related road risks. Unfortunately, limited guidance is provided in the existing literature to assist practitioners in managing work-related road risks. The current research addresses this gap in the literature. To explore how work-related road safety can be enhanced, three studies were conducted.
Study one explored the effectiveness of a range of risk management initiatives and whether comprehensive risk management practices were associated with safety outcomes. Study two explored barriers to, and facilitators for, accepting risk management initiatives. Study three explored the influence of organisational factors on road safety outcomes to identify optimal work environments for managing road risks.
To maximise the research sample and increase generalisability, the studies were designed to allow data collection to be conducted simultaneously drawing upon the same sample obtained from four Australian organisations. Data was collected via four methods. A structured document review of published articles was conducted to identify what outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives. The documents reviewed collectively assessed the effectiveness of 19 work-related road safety initiatives. Audits of organisational practices and process operating within the four researched organisations were conducted to identify whether organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 24 participants, comprising 16 employees and eight managers. The interviews were conducted to identify what barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes. Finally, questionnaires were administered to a sample of 679 participants. The questionnaires were conducted to identify which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes.
Seven research questions were addressed in the current research project. The key findings with respect to each of the research questions are presented below.
Research question one: What outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives? The structured document review indicated that initiatives found to be positively associated with occupational road safety both during and after the intervention period included: a pay rise; driver training; group discussions; enlisting employees as community road safety change agents; safety reminders; and group and individual rewards.
Research question two: Which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks? Questionnaire findings revealed that employees believed occupational road risks could best be managed through making vehicle safety features standard, providing practical driver skills training and through investigating serious vehicle incidents. In comparison, employees believed initiatives including signing a promise card commitment to drive safely, advertising the organisation’s phone number on vehicles and consideration of driving competency in staff selection process would have limited effectiveness in managing occupational road safety.
Research question three: Do organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes? The audit identified a difference among the organisations in their management of work-related road risks. Comprehensive risk management practices were associated with employees engaging in overall safer driving behaviours, committing less driving errors, and experiencing less fatigue and distraction issues when driving. Given that only four organisations participated in this research, these findings should only be considered as preliminary. Further research should be conducted to explore the relationship between comprehensiveness of risk management practices and road safety outcomes with a larger sample of organisations.
Research question four: What barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives? The interviews identified that employees perceived six organisational characteristics as potential barriers to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: prioritisation of production over safety; complacency towards work-related road risks; insufficient resources; diversity; limited employee input in safety decisions; and a perception that road safety initiatives were an unnecessary burden. In comparison, employees perceived three organisational characteristics as potential facilitators to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: management commitment; the presence of existing systems that could support the implementation of initiatives; and supportive relationships.
Research question five: Do differences in fleet safety climate relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that organisational climates with high management commitment, support for managing work demands, appropriate safety rules and safety communication were associated with employees who engaged in safer driving behaviours. Regression analyses indicated that as participants’ perceptions of safety climate increased, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in safer driving behaviours increased. Fleet safety climate was perceived to influence road safety outcomes through several avenues. Some of these included: the allocation of sufficient resources to manage occupational road risks; fostering a supportive environment of mutual responsibility; resolving safety issues openly and fairly; clearly communicating to employees that safety is the top priority; and developing appropriate work-related road safety policies and procedures.
Research question six: Do differences in stage of change relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that participants’ perceptions of initiative effectiveness were found to vary with respect to their individual stage of readiness, with stage-matched initiatives being perceived most effective. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that as participants’ progress through the stages of change, the corresponding likelihood of them being involved in vehicle crashes decreases.
Research question seven: Do differences in safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires revealed that management of road risks is often given less attention than other areas of health and safety management in organisations. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that perceived authority and perceived shared ownership both emerged as significant independent predictors of self-reported driving behaviours pertaining to fatigue and distractions. The regression models indicated that as participants’ perceptions of the authority of the person managing road risks increases, and perceptions of shared ownership of safety tasks increases, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in driving while fatigued or multitasking while driving decreases.
Based on the findings from the current research, the author makes several recommendations to assist practitioners in developing proactive and comprehensive approaches to managing occupational road risks. The author also suggests several avenues for future research in the area of work-related road safety.
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Banks, Tamara Dee. "An investigation into how work-related road safety can be enhanced." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29683/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the facts that vehicle incidents continue to be the most common mechanism for Australian compensated fatalities and that employers have statutory obligations to provide safe workplaces, very few organisations are proactively and comprehensively managing their work-related road risks. Unfortunately, limited guidance is provided in the existing literature to assist practitioners in managing work-related road risks. The current research addresses this gap in the literature. To explore how work-related road safety can be enhanced, three studies were conducted.
Study one explored the effectiveness of a range of risk management initiatives and whether comprehensive risk management practices were associated with safety outcomes. Study two explored barriers to, and facilitators for, accepting risk management initiatives. Study three explored the influence of organisational factors on road safety outcomes to identify optimal work environments for managing road risks.
To maximise the research sample and increase generalisability, the studies were designed to allow data collection to be conducted simultaneously drawing upon the same sample obtained from four Australian organisations. Data was collected via four methods. A structured document review of published articles was conducted to identify what outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives. The documents reviewed collectively assessed the effectiveness of 19 work-related road safety initiatives. Audits of organisational practices and process operating within the four researched organisations were conducted to identify whether organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 24 participants, comprising 16 employees and eight managers. The interviews were conducted to identify what barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes. Finally, questionnaires were administered to a sample of 679 participants. The questionnaires were conducted to identify which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks and whether differences in fleet safety climate, stage of change and safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes.
Seven research questions were addressed in the current research project. The key findings with respect to each of the research questions are presented below.
Research question one: What outcomes have been observed in previously investigated work-related road safety initiatives? The structured document review indicated that initiatives found to be positively associated with occupational road safety both during and after the intervention period included: a pay rise; driver training; group discussions; enlisting employees as community road safety change agents; safety reminders; and group and individual rewards.
Research question two: Which initiatives are perceived by employees to be effective in managing work-related road risks? Questionnaire findings revealed that employees believed occupational road risks could best be managed through making vehicle safety features standard, providing practical driver skills training and through investigating serious vehicle incidents. In comparison, employees believed initiatives including signing a promise card commitment to drive safely, advertising the organisation’s phone number on vehicles and consideration of driving competency in staff selection process would have limited effectiveness in managing occupational road safety.
Research question three: Do organisations with comprehensive work-related road risk management practices and processes have better safety outcomes than organisations with limited risk management practices and processes? The audit identified a difference among the organisations in their management of work-related road risks. Comprehensive risk management practices were associated with employees engaging in overall safer driving behaviours, committing less driving errors, and experiencing less fatigue and distraction issues when driving. Given that only four organisations participated in this research, these findings should only be considered as preliminary. Further research should be conducted to explore the relationship between comprehensiveness of risk management practices and road safety outcomes with a larger sample of organisations.
Research question four: What barriers and facilitators within organisations are involved in implementing work-related road safety initiatives? The interviews identified that employees perceived six organisational characteristics as potential barriers to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: prioritisation of production over safety; complacency towards work-related road risks; insufficient resources; diversity; limited employee input in safety decisions; and a perception that road safety initiatives were an unnecessary burden. In comparison, employees perceived three organisational characteristics as potential facilitators to implementing work-related road safety initiatives. These included: management commitment; the presence of existing systems that could support the implementation of initiatives; and supportive relationships.
Research question five: Do differences in fleet safety climate relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that organisational climates with high management commitment, support for managing work demands, appropriate safety rules and safety communication were associated with employees who engaged in safer driving behaviours. Regression analyses indicated that as participants’ perceptions of safety climate increased, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in safer driving behaviours increased. Fleet safety climate was perceived to influence road safety outcomes through several avenues. Some of these included: the allocation of sufficient resources to manage occupational road risks; fostering a supportive environment of mutual responsibility; resolving safety issues openly and fairly; clearly communicating to employees that safety is the top priority; and developing appropriate work-related road safety policies and procedures.
Research question six: Do differences in stage of change relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires identified that participants’ perceptions of initiative effectiveness were found to vary with respect to their individual stage of readiness, with stage-matched initiatives being perceived most effective. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that as participants’ progress through the stages of change, the corresponding likelihood of them being involved in vehicle crashes decreases.
Research question seven: Do differences in safety ownership relate to work-related road safety outcomes? The interviews and questionnaires revealed that management of road risks is often given less attention than other areas of health and safety management in organisations. In regards to safety outcomes, regression analyses identified that perceived authority and perceived shared ownership both emerged as significant independent predictors of self-reported driving behaviours pertaining to fatigue and distractions. The regression models indicated that as participants’ perceptions of the authority of the person managing road risks increases, and perceptions of shared ownership of safety tasks increases, the corresponding likelihood of them engaging in driving while fatigued or multitasking while driving decreases.
Based on the findings from the current research, the author makes several recommendations to assist practitioners in developing proactive and comprehensive approaches to managing occupational road risks. The author also suggests several avenues for future research in the area of work-related road safety.
30
Cameron, Nancy G. "Health, Safety, and Immediate Response to Illness and Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7074.
Full text
31
Lilley, Rebbecca Catherine, and n/a. "The development of an occupational health and safety surveillance tool for New Zealand workers." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071011.112802.
Full textAbstract:
World-wide, working life is undergoing major changes. Established market economies are increasingly characterised by demands for vastly greater market flexibility. New Zealand (NZ) has been no different with rapid changes occurring over the last 2 decades in the organisation of labour, of work and of the work environment. Recent international research suggests that work change significantly impacts upon worker health and safety.
Many OECD nations undertake routine cross-sectional surveys to monitor changes in working conditions and environments, assessing the health and safety impact of these changes. Similar monitoring is not undertaken in NZ, with the impact of the work environment on health and injury outcomes poorly understood. This lack of knowledge (monitoring) is considered to be a significant impediment to the progression of health and safety initiatives in NZ.
The aim of this thesis was to develop a tool (questionnaire) and methodology suitable for use in the surveillance of working conditions, work environments and health and injury outcomes using workers� surveys. The survey development was undertaken in 3 phases: i) development of tool through critical review; ii) empirical methodological testing and iii) an empirical validation study.
Questionnaire development was a stepwise process of content selection. Firstly key dimensional themes were identified via critical review of literature and existing international surveys leading to the establishment of a dimensional framework. Secondly a critical review of questions to measure key dimensions based upon selection criteria occurred. Finally the selected questions and design were pre-tested before piloting. A similar development process was undertaken for the development of a calendar collecting occupational histories.
A methodological study was undertaken piloting the questionnaire. Two methods of data collection were evaluated: face-to-face and telephone interviews, and two methods of occupational history collection: calendar and question set. Telephone interviewing was found to be the more efficient and effective data collection method while occupational history collection was found to be less time consuming by question set. Focus groups indicated questions were acceptable and suitable to NZ workers.
A validation study was undertaken with a cross-sectional study in distinctly different occupational groups: cleaners and clerical workers. Comparisons were made between the groups with cleaners expected to be identified as employed under more hazardous working conditions and be exposed to more hazards of a physical nature, while clerical workers were expected to be exposed to more psychological hazards of a psychological nature. Results indicated the questionnaire provides data capable of making valid comparisons, identifying work patterns of high risk and provides good predictive validity.
The final survey has the potential to generate population data on a wide range of work-related exposure and health variables relevant to contemporary working life. The survey results will contribute to understanding the range of working conditions and work environments NZ workers are currently exposed to and to assessing the health and safety impact of these exposures. Therefore it is recommended this tool initially be used in a national workforce survey to establish baseline surveillance data of working conditions, work environments and health and safety outcomes in NZ.
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Williamson, Amy. "Learning from the positive for preventable injury in the workplace: Can non-deterrence based approaches encourage compliance?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132589/2/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_staffgroupW%24_wu75_Documents_ePrints_Amy_Williamson_Thesis%5B1%5D.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provided a qualitative investigation into the use of advice and information by Work Heath and Safety (WHS) inspectors in Queensland. The effective provision of advice and information is fundamental to the success of the overall regulatory approach in Queensland that aims to not only monitor and enforce but also assist and encourage compliance. The research examined the current state-of-play regarding the use of advice and information by WHS inspectors, and how it is experienced by members of the Queensland construction industry. Using positive psychology as a novel paradigm, the identification of three core principles underpinning effective use of advice and information led to the development of 11 recommendations for Work Health and Safety Queensland.
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James, Francine O. "Circadian adaptation to full-time night shift work with bright light intervention regimen." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31243.
Full textAbstract:
The primary consequence of night shift work is a misalignment of the endogenous circadian pacemaker with the inverted sleep-wake cycle. This study evaluated the efficacy of a judicious schedule of light exposure on circadian adaptation to night work. Fifteen night shift workers (mean age +/-S.E.M.: 41.8 +/- 1.8 years) were studied for 3 weeks in their work environments under one of two experimental conditions. Treatment group participants underwent an intervention including bright light in the workplace, while control group participants were studied in their habitual light environments. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated in the laboratory via constant routines. Following the intervention, treatment group subjects displayed a mean phase delay of (+/-S.E.M.) -9.32 +/- 1.06 hours and full entrainment to the night-oriented schedule while control group subjects displayed a phase delay -4.09 +/- 1.94 hours and a partial entrainment (F(1,30) = 11.33, p = 0.002). The results of this study suggest a means of alleviating the difficulties associated with night shift work with control of the overall pattern of light exposure.
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Campbell, Baili Denise. "Fall Safety Bundle." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2797.
Full textAbstract:
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) report thousands of falls in hospitals each year. The CMS does not reimburse hospitals for fall related injuries, costing the hospital system organization for which this DNP project was designed millions of dollars each year. Framed within the Iowa model of evidence-based practice and using a team approach, the purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based (EB) fall safety bundle for use by nursing staff and a curriculum to educate staff on prevention strategies. The components of the EB fall bundle kit were approved by the stakeholder committee. Evaluation of the curriculum and the pretest/posttest items was completed by three content experts. The curriculum was evaluated related to the objectives using a 'met' (2) and a 'not met' (1) response. All responses were 'met' for an average score of 2 showing the content met the objectives. Validation of the pretest/post items was conducted using a 10-item, Likert scale, ranging from 1- 'is not relevant' to 4- 'is highly relevant'. The content validation index was 1.0, showing that the test items met the objectives and content of the course. Recommendations included providing a consistent methodology to disseminate the fall safety bundle and educational curriculum across the entire healthcare system as well as adding the fall safety bundle tool kit to the hospital's intranet page for ease of access for all staff. Social change will be achieved by facilitating prevention of fall related injuries and avoiding the financial impact on the facility.
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Scott, Gordon Livingstone Stanley. "An assessment of health and safety management in selected rural hospitals / Gordon Livingstone Stanley Scott." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8437.
Full textAbstract:
Health and safety is of the utmost importance for any company or institution to be
successful. There is quite a negative perception regarding the health and safety
of rural hospitals and clinics.
Rural hospitals are most of the time overcrowded due the large amount of
patients that has no medical aid, thus increases the risk for health and safety
issues. Patients sit in long queues for hours to receive medical attention and their
medication and are therefore exposed to all kinds of diseases, which is a high
risk for these patients’s health.
The employees working in these rural areas are also exposed to life-threatening
diseases on a daily basis and have a good chance of being infected. Employees
leave the public sector because of these unsafe working conditions and find
themselves either working in the private sector or may even immigrate to foreign
countries for better and safer working conditions.
During this research done, there were a few shortcomings identified for the
management to improvement on and to ensure a safe working environment.
There are quite a lot of negativities surrounding the patients and employees in
these rural hospitals, because patients get raped by nurses, babies get stolen
from maternity wards, doctors are attacked by patients and much more horrific
incidents happening in these hospitals.
Cultural differences are also a main concern for management, because there are
a lot of different races working together in the same department and not
everyone has the same beliefs and ways in doing tasks. These cultural
differences may lead to clashes amongst employees and result in a negative
working environment. This quantitative research was done in selected rural hospitals, due to cost and
time consumption. Only 80 employees (doctors, nurses and pharmacists)
participated in the research done and the research was not an in-depth research,
but enough evidence was compiled to make the necessary assumptions that all
is not well in the public sector.
With the new National Health Insurance (NHI) to be implemented from 2012,
there may a lot of changes in the rural hospitals for the better. Hospitals all over
the country are being upgraded and the working conditions are being attended to
by the government which may attract more health professional to rural hospitals
and clinics.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Olson, Darcie Lange. "Trends in work-related injury rates and the associated incurred costs in long-term care centers." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615712.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Nursing assistants, working in long–term care facilities, have consistently been among the top occupational groups experiencing work-related musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries have been attributed the physical demands of lifting and moving the individuals in their care. Great strides in research have identified successful risk reduction strategies such as the implementation safe patient handling and mobility programs. The benefits of these programs have been advocated over the last two decades, but the rate of injuries among nursing assistants continues to be more than double the national average for all other industries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of safe patient handling and mobility policies and procedures, facility resources, and work practices on the trends in injury rates and the associated costs in long-term care facilities.
Methods. Thirty-eight facilities contributed information to the study. Data were gathered on safe patient handling policies, facility resources, work practices, work-related injuries and workers’ compensation costs for 2002 – 2011.
Results. Eighty-four percent of the facilities had patient handling policies or were preparing to implement in the upcoming year. All of the facilities had mechanical lifting devices, employee training and procedures for embedding safe patient handling into daily work practices. Nineteen facilities contributed one to ten years of data, showing injury rates decreased 63% from 2002 – 2011. Eleven facilities provided worker’s compensation information showing medical and indemnity costs decreased 54% from 2006 – 2011. The presence of a policy, was not found to independently influence these factors. The number of days away from work due to work-related injuries was significantly lower in facilities with patient handling policies. Conclusion. The presence of the policy was not found to independently influence injury rates or costs, but the prevalence of safe patient handling policies, mechanical lifting devices and safe work practices suggested that a safety culture may finally be present in long-term care. Despite the impressive reductions in injuries and costs, the continued higher than average rate of injuries among this occupational group may indicate that other factors now play a greater role in work-related injuries.
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Hale, Nathan, Tamar Klaiman, Kate E. Beatty, and Michael B. Meit. "Local Health Departments as Clinical Safety Net in Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6824.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The appropriate role of local health departments (LHDs) as a clinical service provider remains a salient issue. This study examines differences in clinical service provision among rural/urban LHDs for early periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT) and prenatal care services.
Methods: Data collected from the 2013 National Association of County and City Health Officials Profile of Local Health Departments Survey was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of rural/urban differences in clinical service provision by LHDs. Profile data were linked with the 2013 Area Health Resource File to derive other county-level measures. Data analysis was conducted in 2015.
Results: Approximately 35% of LHDs in the analysis provided EPSDT services directly and 26% provided prenatal care. LHDs reporting no others providing these services in the community were four times more likely to report providing EPSDT services directly and six times more likely to provide prenatal care services directly. Rural LHDs were more likely to provide EPSDT (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.07, 2.00) and prenatal care (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.70, 3.47) services than urban LHDs. The presence of a Federally Qualified Health Center in the county was associated with reduced clinical service provision by LHDs for EPSDT and prenatal care.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that many LHDs in rural communities remain a clinical service provider and a critical component of the healthcare safety net. The unique position of rural LHDs should be considered in national policy discussions around the organization and delivery of public health services, particularly as they relate to clinical services.
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Burns, Calvin George. "The role of trust in safety culture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165707.
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A deficient safety culture has been implicated in a number of organisational accidents from a range of high hazard industries. Despite its implications for safety, many questions about safety culture remain unanswered. In order to contribute to the literature on this topic, this thesis set out to investigate the role of trust in safety culture. The oil and gas industry was chosen as the context for study due to the hazardous nature of its work, the industry’s focus on continuous improvement in safety performance and the interest shown by oil companies in participating in safety research. Leading models of safety culture have stressed the importance of trust in developing and maintaining patterns of safe behaviours at work. This thesis proposed a new model of safety culture based on dual attitudes about trust. This model states that explicit attitudes about trust are part of safety climate and that implicit attitudes about trust comprise some of the basic underlying assumptions that are the deepest level of safety culture. In order to test this model, this thesis developed a method to measure implicit attitudes about trust in an industrial setting. Using this method, two studies of dual attitudes about trust were conducted at different UK gas plants. In both of these studies, different patterns of results were found for measures of explicit and implicit attitudes about trust for workmates, supervisors and the plant leadership, respectively. These findings support the proposed model suggest that explicit and implicit attitudes about trust are separate constructs that may influence different types of safety behaviours. Positive relationships were found between measures of explicit attitudes about trust and self-report items about safety behaviours like reporting incidents and challenging unsafe acts. These findings were taken as a step toward validating the proposed model.
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Geller, Alan C., Nina G. Jablonski, Sherry L. Pagoto, Jennifer L. Hay, Joel Hillhouse, David B. Buller, W. Larry Kenney, et al. "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Sun Safety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2753.
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Overexposure to the sun is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, but indications of improvements in sun protection behavior are poor. Attempts to identify emerging themes in skin cancer control have largely been driven by groups of experts from a single field. In December 2016, 19 experts from various disciplines convened for Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Skin Cancer, a 2-day meeting hosted by the National Academy of Sciences. The group discussed knowledge gaps, perspectives on sun exposure, implications for skin cancer risk and other health outcomes, and new directions. Five themes emerged from the discussion: (1) The definition of risk must be expanded, and categories for skin physiology must be refined to incorporate population diversities. (2) Risky sun exposure often co-occurs with other health-related behaviors. (3) Messages must be nuanced to target at-risk populations. (4) Persons at risk for tanning disorder must be recognized and treated. (5) Sun safety interventions must be scalable. Efficient use of technologies will be required to sharpen messages to specific populations and to integrate them within multilevel interventions. Further interdisciplinary research should address these emerging themes to build effective and sustainable approaches to large-scale behavior change.
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Silver, Ken, Ying Li, Emmanuel Odame, and Yuqiang Zhang. "Effects of Global Warming on Work-Rest Routines for Crop Workers in Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2629.
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Background: Workers in outdoor occupations are expected to be at high risk of increased morbidity and mortality, and diminished productivity, as a result of global warming in the 21st century. A previous modelling study of geographic variations in heat-related mortality risk in projected U.S. populations mid-century showed the states of Tennessee, Kentucky and North Carolina to be highly vulnerable. Methods: Under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios of IPCC AR5, we evaluate the effect of future warming on estimated Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer (WBGT) temperatures using model-simulated future climate variables that were dynamically downscaled by a regional meteorology model for years 2049-2052. Select Appalachian counties in the three states that are presently dependent upon agricultural crop production are the focus of this analysis. Results: Using predicted WBGT temperatures, together with estimated work loads for hand harvesting of crops, alterations in work-rest routines under heat stress prevention guidelines are presented. Conclusions: Assumptions needed to translate these altered work-rest routines into measures of productivity and economic loss are discussed. Issues in extending the modelling to heat-related morbidity and mortality in outdoor worker populations are considered in terms of data gaps and major sources of uncertainty.
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McMaken, Cathy Jo, Karen E. Schetzina, Gayatri Jaishankar, Robin Fisher, and Jill Fair. "A Safety Hero Adventure." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5130.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Safety & Patient Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5443.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Safety and Patient Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2537.
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Petri, Hedwig. "A crime without punishment : policy advocacy for European Union Health and Safety legislation on harassment at work." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2001. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6244/.
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The study is concerned about employers' liability to protect the mental welfare of employees alongside their physical health. The need for protection is demonstrated in several ways. Firstly, the introduction examines the statistical evidence of harassment in the workplace and its effect on its victims. Secondly, data was collected from nine participants who had taken their employer to court claiming that they had been bullied out of their jobs. These documents which were supplemented in some cases by personal statements, were analysed using the Glaser and Strauss Grounded Theory method tempered with Case Study method. Ethical issues coming to the fore during data collection supplied additional material for a chapter which eflects on problems researchers will encounter when working with vulnerable research participants. Analysis showed the importance of social support for victims and implicated the role the trade unions, the medical and legal professions plays in secondary victimisation for victims of workplace bullying. A review of existing legislation was conducted to determine if internal voluntary guidelines or new legislation would give best protection. Employer-led bullying was identified as the form on which internal guidelines have no impact. Workplace bullying was always found to be morally wrong and the issue of what is legally right but not morally right was discussed. The findings emerging from the analysis together with recommendation to place protection of harassment at work within Health and Safety policies was presented to opinion makers to gauge the level of interest in the investigator's recommendation that European Union Health and Safety officials should take the lead in advancing legislative change outlawing workplace harassment.
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Somoray, Klaire. "Beyond compliance: An exploratory investigation of proactive safety behaviours within the context of work driving." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/131136/2/Klaire_Somoray_Thesis.pdf.
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This research program is an exploratory investigation on the concept of proactive safety behaviours within the context of work driving. A measure for proactive safety was developed and could be used as a complementary behaviour-based safety performance measure within the work driving context. The research program also provided a model on how organisations can engage their work drivers and management to be more proactive in managing risks while driving for work.
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Driscoll, Timothy Robert. "The epidemiology of work-related fatalities in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1087.
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Background: There is no on-going information on the number, rate or circumstances of work-related fatal injury in Australia. This thesis reports on a study aimed to identify and describe all work-related fatalities that occurred in Australia during the four-year period 1989 to 1992, in order to make a significant contribution to the effectiveness of activity designed to prevent work-related traumatic death. Methods: A broad definition of work was used, with particular focus on workers and bystanders. The study also included the injury-related deaths of volunteers, students, persons performing home duties and persons fatally injured on farms but not due to obvious farm work. The data were obtained primarily from coronial files. Files were found for 99.7% of the deaths of interest. Detailed results are presented on the work-related deaths of workers, bystanders and persons fatally injured while engaged in home duties. The results for workers are also compared with those from an earlier study of work-related fatalities in Australia, which covered the years 1982 to 1984 inclusive. Other aspects of work-related deaths are considered in detail, including the effect of employment arrangements; their coverage by occupational health and safety and compensation agencies; their handling by the coronial system; the role of External Cause codes in identifying and monitoring work-related injury deaths; and the reliability and validity of the definitions used to classify work-related injury deaths. Results: There were 2,413 persons fatally injured while working or commuting during the study period (1,787 working; 626 commuting), with a rate of death for working persons of 5.5 per 100,000 persons per year. This compared to the rate of 6.7 for working deaths during 1982 to 1984, with just under half of the decline probably due to changes in the industry distribution of the workforce. Another 802 persons were fatally injured as a result of someone else’s work activity, and 296 persons aged 15 years and over were fatally injured while undertaking active tasks in an unpaid and informal capacity in their own home or in someone else’s home. Thirty-four percent of working deaths were not covered by either occupational health and safety (OHS) or compensation agencies. A consideration of External Cause codes for the period 1979 to 1997 inclusive suggested there was a yearly decrease in the rate of workplace deaths of 2.6% per year, with less than half of this change due to industry changes in the workforce. Deaths occurring in a small number of particular circumstances were found to pose classification problems. Conclusion: Fatal work-related trauma remains an important problem for the Australian community. By understanding how and why these deaths occur, appropriate steps can be taken to prevent similar incidents recurring. It is expected that the results reported here, and other information that has arisen from the study, will make an important contribution to developing this understanding and preventing the occurrence of work- related traumatic death in Australia.
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Driscoll, Timothy Robert. "The epidemiology of work-related fatalities in Australia." University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1087.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Background: There is no on-going information on the number, rate or circumstances of work-related fatal injury in Australia. This thesis reports on a study aimed to identify and describe all work-related fatalities that occurred in Australia during the four-year period 1989 to 1992, in order to make a significant contribution to the effectiveness of activity designed to prevent work-related traumatic death. Methods: A broad definition of work was used, with particular focus on workers and bystanders. The study also included the injury-related deaths of volunteers, students, persons performing home duties and persons fatally injured on farms but not due to obvious farm work. The data were obtained primarily from coronial files. Files were found for 99.7% of the deaths of interest. Detailed results are presented on the work-related deaths of workers, bystanders and persons fatally injured while engaged in home duties. The results for workers are also compared with those from an earlier study of work-related fatalities in Australia, which covered the years 1982 to 1984 inclusive. Other aspects of work-related deaths are considered in detail, including the effect of employment arrangements; their coverage by occupational health and safety and compensation agencies; their handling by the coronial system; the role of External Cause codes in identifying and monitoring work-related injury deaths; and the reliability and validity of the definitions used to classify work-related injury deaths. Results: There were 2,413 persons fatally injured while working or commuting during the study period (1,787 working; 626 commuting), with a rate of death for working persons of 5.5 per 100,000 persons per year. This compared to the rate of 6.7 for working deaths during 1982 to 1984, with just under half of the decline probably due to changes in the industry distribution of the workforce. Another 802 persons were fatally injured as a result of someone else’s work activity, and 296 persons aged 15 years and over were fatally injured while undertaking active tasks in an unpaid and informal capacity in their own home or in someone else’s home. Thirty-four percent of working deaths were not covered by either occupational health and safety (OHS) or compensation agencies. A consideration of External Cause codes for the period 1979 to 1997 inclusive suggested there was a yearly decrease in the rate of workplace deaths of 2.6% per year, with less than half of this change due to industry changes in the workforce. Deaths occurring in a small number of particular circumstances were found to pose classification problems. Conclusion: Fatal work-related trauma remains an important problem for the Australian community. By understanding how and why these deaths occur, appropriate steps can be taken to prevent similar incidents recurring. It is expected that the results reported here, and other information that has arisen from the study, will make an important contribution to developing this understanding and preventing the occurrence of work- related traumatic death in Australia.
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Coblio, Nicholas Allen. "The Impact of Pharmacy Work Design on Pharmacist Productivity." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3043.
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Healthcare costs in the United States continue to grow at an alarming rate. Concerning the cost of medications, there are a number of factors that drive these costs. While personnel costs are not the largest of these, they do contribute a significant portion. The cost of the cognitive component of order processing by pharmacists can range from three dollars to over six dollars per prescription depending on the production throughput of the pharmacist.
Studies at the organization which was the focus of the research, as well as reports in the literature, indicated that work disruption and other environmental factors could impact the rate at which pharmacist process physicians' orders into prescriptions. At the time of this study the collaborating facility was undergoing a re-organization; funding had been allocated to relocate and redesign the outpatient pharmacy. This provided a timely opportunity to examine the effect that changes to the physical plant, with specific attention being given to reducing interruptions to the pharmacists finishing orders, would have on pharmacists' productivity. This was measured in orders processed per hour, before and after the reorganization.
Sixteen months after the pharmacy was moved, supervisors were concerned that the outpatient pharmacy was still not performing at maximum efficiency and workload data was posted, with the intent that this information would motivate those professionals, whose output may have been below the average, to increase their production.
All outpatient prescriptions are maintained in a data base which records, among other items, the pharmacist who processed the order which generated the prescription and the time and date this was done. Data for prescriptions filled before and after each intervention were abstracted from the data base and used to determine production rates before and after the interventions.
There was a small, but statistically significant, decrease of two prescriptions per hour per pharmacist in production following the relocation. Fourteen of the twenty-one pharmacists (66.6%) had decreases in productivity averaging 4.1 prescriptions per hour while seven had an increase averaging 2.2 prescriptions per hour. All but one of the pharmacists who had an increase in productivity after the relocation also had a slight, but statistically insignificant, increase averaging 3.0 prescriptions per hour per pharmacist after the posting of the workload data.
The effect of posting the workload data was not statistically significant even though the study group processed 16,692 more orders working only 221 more hours. Nine of the study pharmacists (42.8%) had decreases in productivity averaging 2.3 prescriptions per hour per person, while the remaining twelve increased production by an average of 2.8 prescriptions per hour per pharmacist.
An analysis of both effects, using ANOVA, indicated that the pharmacist was a significant contributor to the effect in both cases. Only in the analysis of the impact of the relocation was the effect of the intervention significant and that was to decrease productivity.
The net result of this research was that the postulated interventions to increase productivity had no real effect and the motivation of the pharmacists may be the most significant factor. The fact that a third of the study pharmacists had decreases in productivity after both interventions is telling and may indicate problems with job design and motivation.
A further review of production rates and error are indicated with an emphasis on determining if there is an association between error rate and production rate. At this point there are little published data and what is available is either conjecture, as in the case of the North Carolina Board's determination of 150 prescriptions per day being a safe upper limit, to Malone's survey based research determining an average rate of 14.1 prescriptions per hour.
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Gillespie, Caroline. "Safety in supply chains: Evaluating sources of evidence." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203732/1/Caroline_Gillespie_Thesis.pdf.
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Focussed on supply chains and vulnerable workers, this research aims to address gaps in understanding the: • quality, completeness and usefulness of key data sources for occupational injury surveillance • occupational injury patterns and trends across different data collections (hospitalised injuries, workers' compensation claims and regulator reports) • regulator enforcement data patterns and trends • how parties communicate, consult and coordinate regarding hazards and risks to health and safety across supply chain operations.
This research identified opportunities to achieve a more complete occupational-injury surveillance profile that could better identify the at-risk worker population and enable regulators to employ more risk-responsive supply chain interventions.
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Smith, Joseph L. Jr. "A study of first responders and burnout as governed by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1515.
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This study examined whether first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta experience burnout, taking in consideration factors such as primary role at work, gender, age, marital status, length of employment as a First Responder, and perceived awareness of OSHA regulations in regards to burnout. Participants of the study were comprised of 108 first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta, which included police officers, emergency mediqal services personnel (EMS), crisis line workers, fire fighters, that were selected utilizing non-probability purposeful sampling among the target population. In sum, first responders in Metropolitan Atlanta experience moderate (64.2%) to high (35.8 %) levels ofjob burnout. When demographic characteristics were taken in consideration, such as primary role at work, gender, age, marital status, and length of employment as a First Responder, there was no statistically significant relationship established.