Academic literature on the topic 'Health aspects of Aircraft accidents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health aspects of Aircraft accidents"
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Aritonang, Sovian, Hendro Yulieanto, and Deni Dadang Ahmad Rajab. "SPATIAL DISORIENTATION TRAINING TO SUPPORT FLYING SAFETY IN INDONESIAN AIR FORCE." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i2.794.
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<p>The magnitude of aircraft accidents due to the spatial disorientation (SD) experienced by the aircrew has encouraged efforts to provide optimum training to prevent and minimize those unexpected accidents. In their publication, USAF has stated that SD had caused 15-69% of their aircraft fatal accidents. This study aims to determine the extent of which the SD training program in Aerophysiological Indoctrination and exercise (ILA) of the Indonesian Air Force has been carried out effectively, making it useful for the crew to prevent accidents. The main focus of the study is to analyze the willingness of aircraft crew; leadership support policy, simulator tool condition, and qualification of instructors. This research designed to use a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collections obtained through depth interviews involving Indonesian Air Force aircrews, aviation health experts, instructors officer of Health Service of Indonesian Air Force, and also through the search of publication and related documents. The results show that there are still many aspects required more attention from the Indonesian Air Force authorities; insufficient simulator facilities that are too old and out of Job, inadequate software as the basis of the implementation of the training program, the limited .qualifications of training instructors, and lack of support from higher commands.</p>
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Konieczny, Marcin. "Air Accidents over Water — Selected Forensic Aspects." Internal Security 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2270.
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Aviation is one of the safest means of transport. Despite increasing amounts of money being spent on safety, this mode of transport is not free from incidents and disasters. The article considers the issue of aviation accidents as a result of which the aircraft has sunk in a body of water. The events of recent years involving the aircraft Air France Flight 447 (Airbus 330-203,2009), Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (Boeing 777, 2014) and a military aircraft of the Russian Federation (Tu-154, 2016), show that aviation is not free from this kind of tragic disaster. One important aspect in such situations is that proper and immediate search and rescue operations are undertaken (i.e. SAR or CSAR). Due to the nature of the location of the event, which is a body of water, the course of procedural and forensic activities differs from the traditional mode of conduct. The algorithm for examination of the scene begins with finding and securing the flight data recorder (i.e. the black box). The methodology for examination in the case of an event in an aquatic environment is non-standard. The actions themselves, including visual examination, cannot be carried out by the specialist but only indirectly by suitably qualified divers or scuba divers. Also, the aquatic environment itself demands that all activities are carried out immediately. Any delay may entail the bodies of victims, material evidence or structural parts being moved by water currents, which in turn can distort the picture of the scene itself. Only after recovery of human bodies and evidence to on board a vessel or ashore is it possible to carry out the necessary forensic examination. In the case of air accidents it is necessary, among others, to determine the number of people involved and the disposition of their bodies, to collect evidence and establish the critical moment of the incident. The preservation of the bodies of victims and material evidence recovered from the water involves special treatment. In this type of event it is possible to use the so-called new technologies in the form of unmanned craft (i.e. underwater drones).
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de Voogt, Alexander J., and Robert R. A. van Doorn. "Sports Aviation Accidents: Fatality and Aircraft Specificity." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2603.2010.
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Komarov, Alexander, and Nikolay Gromov. "Particular aspects of calculating affecting factors of fireballs emerging from aircraft crash." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102031.
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The article reveals an algorithm of calculating the heat loads which emerge during fireball-involving accidents. By way of illustration it considers a situation when a heavy aircraft crashes in the vicinity of a typical reactor building of a nuclear power plant. The given algorithm provides a quite detailed and accurate calculation of maximum heat load values that accompany the accident.
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Mayou, Richard. "Psychiatric aspects of road traffic accidents." International Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540269209066301.
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Baker, Frank J., and Jacek B. Franaszek. "Lessons from a DC10 Crash, American Airlines, Flight 191, Chicago, Illinois." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065560.
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With the development and deployment of commercial jet aircraft in the mid 1950's, airline travel has become commonplace throughout the world. A rapid increase in the numbers of aircraft, airline routes, and flying time has occurred. New technology has added sophisticated and complicated gear to aircraft and their support systems. Every new system has the potential for failure and to some extent additional components increase the risk of technological breakdown. The increased chance of technological breakdown favors an increase in aircraft accidents. Fortunately, development and utilization of sophisticated redundant electronic and mechanical improvements aimed specifically at improving safety have also occurred. The results of these changes over the past twenty-five years has been a decreasing rate of accidents per mile flown. Due to the tremendous increase in flying, however, the absolute numbers of accidents associated passenger morbidity and mortality have risen (1). For the health care system, the major impact has resulted from the absolute increase in aircrash victims.Aircraft accidents have regularly produced mass casualty incidents with the number of victims ranging from a few to several hundred. Aircraft accidents can be divided into essentially four types: mid-air crashes (so called “hard impact”); crashes on takeoff; crashes on landing; and on-ground accidents (“soft impact”). Mid-air accidents are frequently away from population centers and usually there are no survivors. The medical impact therefore is minimal. Accidents occurring on takeoff, landing, and on the ground, occur at or close to airports, and the nature of the accident is such that there may be many victims (1).
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Vorobуev, V. V., A. P. Beliatskaya, and A. A. Supolka. "Methodic aspects of aircraft glide slope correction for prevention of CFIT category accidents during pre-landing descent." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-4-33-44.
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Aviation accidents of the category of controlled flight into terrain in world commercial aviation are included into three "killers" in aviation together with loss of control in flight (LOC-I) and runway excursions (RE). As a result of long-term research of this problem the methods of CFIT risk level reduction, pilot training and retraining programs were developed and put into practice. Also several generations of onboard ground proximity or obstacle warning systems were created (GPWS, EGPWS, TAWS), the disadvantage of which is a passive – advisory type of warnings. The conclusions of the commissions concerning the results of aviation accidents investigations indicate the cases of crew disregard of an alarm of a ground proximity warning system and possibility of a go-around procedure to make a missed approach. Despite the aviation community actions, accidents of this category continue to occur. Therefore, search of new methods and solutions of the controlled flight into terrain problem is necessary. One of the possible ways to resolve this problem is making proximity warning systems active and two-mode operative. The first one is some type of warning to the crew about approaching the boundaries of a safe maneuvering area during approach to land as well as the recommendations to avoid a glide path deviation. The second way is that if the crew members don`t take any actions with a warning on or crew actions are not effective enough, it is necessary to regain a glide slope with temporary pilot disengagement from a control loop.
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Uitdewilligen, Sjir, and Alexander Johan de Voogt. "Aircraft Accidents with Student Pilots Flying Solo: Analysis of 390 Cases." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2510.2009.
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Haines, J. A., J. Stevens, R. Visser, M. Younes, P. Kulling, and J. Savelkoul. "93 Joint Activity on Health Aspects of Chemical Accidents." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, S3 (September 1993): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00047816.
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Rodriguez-Trigo, Gema. "Global Aspects and Health Effects of Oil Tanker Accidents." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362850.88019.54.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Health aspects of Aircraft accidents"
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Bensoussan, Denis. "GNSS and Galileo Liability Aspects." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=93845.
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In the next coming years global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) will make part of our daily life, as the world is becoming "GNSS-dependant in the same way that it has become Internet-dependant". Indeed, more than ten years folowing the opening up to civilians of satellite-based navigation systems initially designed for military purposes, civil satellite navigation applications are becoming more and more numerous. The potential benefits have proven enormous in terms of transport safety and efficiency as well as for non-transport-related industries.Dans les toutes prochaines années, les systèmes globaux de navigation par satellite (GNSS) feront partie intégrante de notre vie quotidienne. En effet, un peu plus de dix ans après la libéralisation de l'accès des civils aux systèmes de navigation par satellite initialement conçus à des fins militaires, les applications civiles permises par la navigation par satellite sont de plus en plus nombreuses et les bénéfices potentiels sont énormes en matière de sécurité et d'efficacité des transports comme pour d'autres secteurs et industries. fr
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Mills, William Douglas. "The association of aviator's health conditions, age, gender, and flight hours with aircraft accidents and incidents." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2005.
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Issarayangyun, Tharit Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Aircraft noise and public health : acoustical measurement and social survey around Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22394.
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The development of major commercial airports promotes the air transport industry and generates positive economic benefits to the airport and to its host economy. However, external costs are associated with these benefits. Any increase in aircraft movement causes negative environmental impacts, especially noise pollution. Governments have reduced aircraft noise levels at their sources, or introduced aircraft noise management strategies (ANMS); however the problems have never been satisfactorily resolved. This research aims at developing a better understanding of the impacts of aircraft noise on community health and well-being by exploring two core research questions: (1) ???Is health related quality of life worse in communities chronically exposed to aircraft noise than in communities not exposed????; and (2) ???Does long-term aircraft noise exposure associate with adult high blood pressure level via noise stress as a mediating factor????. The Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport has been selected as a case study. The health survey instruments have been developed and piloted, and then translated from English into Greek and Arabic. A postal self-administrative health survey (with follow-up letters) has been implemented in the areas surrounding Sydney Airport (called ???aircraft noise exposure group???) and in the matched control group. The total sample size was 1,500 with 47% response rate. This thesis has developed a ???new??? noise index (named Noise Gap Index, NGI) to describe and assess aircraft noise in such a way that is easily understood by the layperson. Factorial analysis of covariance revealed that ???Health related quality of life, in term of physical functioning, general health, vitality, and mental health, of community chronically exposed to high aircraft noise level were worse than the matched control area???. Binary logistic regression analysis found that ???Subjects (aged 15 ??? 87) who have been chronically exposed to high aircraft noise level have the odds of 2.61 of having chronic noise stress. In addition person who have chronic noise stress have the odds of 2.74 of having hypertension compared with those without chronic noise stress???. Finally, the robust hypotheses of effects of aircraft noise on community health and well-being for future experimental study were proposed.
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Lui, Wai-ming Priscilla, and 雷慧明. "Effect of exercise on fall prevention of community-dwelling elderly." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50222867.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of exercises on fall prevention among community-dwelling elderly.
Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Method: The literature search of articles was conducted through the electronic databases of PubMed, Medline and EMBASE and manual search, and was confined to articles in English language with full text and publications from 2002 to 2012. Randomized controlled trials with exercise as the only intervention which aimed at reducing falls in older people aged 60 or above in community i.e. community-dwelling elderly were included. The primary outcomes were number of fallers, fall rate, time to the first and subsequent falls.
Data Extraction: A total of 145 articles were retrieved through the electronic data bases (137 articles) and manual search (8 articles) of which 10 were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. According to the checklist developed by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for randomized controlled trials, the overall methodological quality of the 10 studies was rated as good as they had fulfilled 79%-93% of the assessment criteria in the NICE checklist.
Results: The studies involved a sample size of 3,138 at the median age of 69 to 83. All the subjects were ambulatory and able to mobilize independently. The duration of exercise interventions ranged from 1.5 months to 12 months at a total of 11-156 hours. Eight studies showed that exercises were effective in fall prevention whereas two studies found no evidence of such effectiveness. The effect of exercises on fall prevention was multifactorial including the duration, frequency and continuity of the exercise programs, the health status of the target population and the individuals’ adherence to the exercise programs. Shorter exercise programs and make-up class arrangement resulted in higher adherence rate. Tailor-made (based on the functional capabilities of the subjects) and progressive (gradual increase of the intensity and challenge of the exercises during the intervention period) nature of the exercise programs also enhanced their effectiveness on the elderly. For the studies in which exercise did not have any positive effect on fall prevention, the subjects were generally older (median age at 81) and frailer (with 3-7 frail attributes).
Conclusions: This review suggests exercise may be an effective intervention for fall prevention among community-dwelling elderly. Different types of exercise including strengthening, balance, endurance and weight-bearing exercises as well as Tai Chi may prevent falls. The elderly’s age and health status must be taken into consideration when designing exercise intervention programs for the elderly. Further researches are recommended to determine the optimal type, intensity, frequency and duration of exercises in fall prevention. Observations from the studies provide insights for future researches, such as the fall prevention effect of group and home exercises, tailor-made and progressive exercise programs. In Hong Kong, no randomized controlled trial studies have been conducted to examine different intervention programs on fall prevention. To achieve generalizabilty of the studies in the review, further local researches, particularly well designed and powered randomized controlled trials have to be conducted to assess the effect of different kinds of exercise interventions on fall prevention among the community-dwelling elderly.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Alhajeri, M. "Health and safety in the construction industry : challenges and solutions in the UAE." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8ef107a7-8740-4cb5-ad55-07449f57cad4/1.
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Health and safety issues have always been a major problem and concern in the construction industry. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on health and safety criteria, particularly in developing countries. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but the results have been far from satisfactory, as construction accidents continue to dominate the overall construction industry. Despite the programs implemented by government authorities and measures introduced by companies themselves, the number of construction accidents still remains alarmingly high. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if they do, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. The UAE is one of developing countries that are currently enjoying a strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, some sectors of its construction industry suffer from poor safety and health conditions. Any framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. From this perspective this research explores the approved methods adopted in the UK in order to improve the existing code of practice in the UAE and thus introduce the foundations on which appropriate health and safety systems may be built. A framework for Health and Safety management in the UK is suggested. To reach this objective an overview of the published materials as well as the legislation has been undertaken. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to potential construction industry players and interview sessions have been conducted to meet the first objective of the project which to determine the health and safety measures currently applied on construction sites. In addition, structured interviews were carried out with selected managers from a selection of construction and oil companies, medium and large size. This thesis specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices. Based upon the analysis of the results, this study has demonstrated that the majority of those questioned UAE construction companies have a poor degree of risk awareness and do not seems to take health and safety as an important issue.
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Barbosa, Martina. "Condições de trabalho em unidades de triagem de resíduo sólido em quatro cooperativas de Campinas, SP : caracterização e percepção de catadores." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258161.
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Orientador: Egle Novaes TeixeiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A destinação da enorme e diversificada quantidade de resíduo gerado diariamente é, atualmente, uma das maiores preocupações da humanidade. Este tema, é hoje um dos grandes problemas na maioria das cidades. Assim, percebe-se que são várias as razões que motivam as comunidades, a desenvolverem programas de gerenciamento inseridos num programa de gestão ambiental que contemple a minimização de resíduo sólido. Como forma de viabilizar esta ação, diversas cidades realizam a coleta seletiva, disponibilizando o resíduo recolhido para as unidades de triagem de resíduo. Os profissionais que trabalham nestas unidades estão submetidos a um trabalho precário, realizado em condições inadequadas, com alto grau de insalubridade, sem reconhecimento social, com riscos a saúde e com ausência de garantias trabalhistas. Entretanto, apesar das condições adversas, a catação possibilita a sobrevivência de muitos trabalhadores. Dessa forma, neste trabalho buscou-se identificar a visão que estes profissionais têm do trabalho que desempenham, dos principais riscos e acidentes no ambiente de trabalho e, fornecer subsídios para políticas públicas de saúde e de resíduo sólido por meio de proposição de medidas visando à saúde ocupacional destes trabalhadores. Além, de divulgar a profissão de catador visando ao seu reconhecimento. As atividades realizadas para obtenção dos dados foram visitas as unidades de triagem de resíduo sólido urbano; observação e registro do processo de trabalho; e, realização de entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos foram: descrição das características e do processo de trabalho nas cooperativas visitadas; identificação visão que os trabalhadores têm de seu trabalho; identificação dos principais danos a saúde, acidentes e riscos observados pelas catadoras. Com base nestes resultados foram elaboradas medidas visando à melhoria do trabalho, do ambiente de trabalho e da qualidade de vida das catadoras. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a valorização do trabalho dos catadores depende do envolvimento efetivo de toda a sociedade nesta questão
Abstract: The destination of the huge and diverse amount of waste generated daily is currently a major concern for humanity. This theme, which has not been considered for years, is now an important problem in many cities. Thus, there are several reasons motivating communities to develop solid waste management programs, addressing its minimization, as part of a major environmental management program. To do that, many cities hold recycling programs, collecting and delivering waste to specialized sorting units. The professionals working in these units face precarious and inadequate conditions such as insalubrious environment, lack of social recognition, health risks and no labor guarantees. However, despite of the adverse conditions, scavenging allows the survival of many workers. Thus, this study sought to analyze the perception of these professionals about their work and the risks they are exposed such as deseases and accidents, providing data for health and solid waste public policies and proposing solutions to improve the occupational health of these workers. Another purpose of the study is to disclose and recognize the importance of the work of ragpickers for society. The activities undertaken to obtain data were basically visits to the city's waste specialized sorting units; in loco observation and recording of the work processes; and individual interviews. The results were: description of the characteristics and working processes in waste specialized sorting units visited in loco, identification of the ambiguous relationship between the ragpickers' satisfaction with their work and their desire to look for other job opportunities; and identification of major damages to health, accidents and risks observed by ragpickers. Based on these results, recommendations were made focusing in improving their work processes, the work environment and quality of life of the ragpickers. Additionally, the study allowed the conclusion that the recognition of the ragpickers' work and their relevance to society relies on the involvement of the entire community
Doutorado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Austin, Nicole. "Vitamin D, neuromuscular control and falling episodes in Australian postmenopausal women." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0009.
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Falls in the older population have devastating consequences on the psychological and physiological health of the individual. Due to the complexity of interacting factors associated with ageing, pathology and falling episodes, determination of a primary cause or set of causes has been difficult to establish. Deficits in components of neuromuscular control have been widely studied with the coordinated interaction of sensory and motor system components being presented as a fundamental factor in the reduction of falling episodes. A causal relationship between deficits in vitamin D status and falling episodes has also been suggested. Furthermore, a relationship between poor vitamin D status, falling episodes and poor neuromuscular performance has been reported. The aims of the current study were designed to advance understanding in three aspects of the problem of falls prevention. Firstly an examination of the reliability of testing procedures commonly used in assessment of falls risk was undertaken. The Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) testing procedure was selected as a commonly used tool and the reliability of its various components (sensory, motor and balance) was undertaken as an independent assessment of this approach to assessing falls propensity. Secondly, a case control study of fallers and non fallers was undertaken in which the neuromuscular tests evaluated in the reliability study were used to assess differences in neuromuscular control. The influence of vitamin D status on these measures was also considered. Thirdly, a 12-month randomised controlled trial of vitamin D/calcium supplementation or placebo/calcium was undertaken to identify the effect on falls outcome and individual measures of neuromuscular control.
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Nascimento, Darléia Cristina Gross Andrade. "Acidentes de trabalho graves por setores produtivos no Estado de Mato Grosso - 2010 a 2012." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/464.
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A dimensão social do processo de trabalho e sua relação com a saúde e os acidentes e doenças ocupacionais são dependentes da situação de precarização do trabalho e da ausência de medidas de proteção à saúde. O Sistema Nacional de Notificações por agravos em Saúde tem avançado em termos de estabelecer relações diretas entre o posto de trabalho e os agravos relacionados, para além dos tradicionalmente notificados pela Comunicação de Acidentes de Trabalho. Tomando o acidente grave como indicador de extrema fragilidade social e de saúde dos trabalhadores, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar os acidentes de trabalho graves notificados por setores produtivos no estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2010 a 2012. Os objetivos específicos foram: caracterizar os setores produtivos e o mercado de trabalho, segundo indicadores socioeconômicos; descrever os acidentes de trabalho graves segundo regionais de saúde; caracterizar os acidentes de trabalho graves por características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e tipo de setor produtivo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com informações obtidas através do IBGE e RAIS e do banco de dados do SINAN. Resultados: O estado de Mato Grosso teve a maior taxa de crescimento de empregos formais do Brasil no período de 2011 e 2012 e registrou 35 vítimas fatais para cada 100 mil trabalhadores, sendo esta a pior média no país nos últimos 21 anos. Observou-se que no setor produtivo relacionado à agricultura houve maior oferta de postos de trabalho, refletindo na notificação dos acidentes graves de trabalho. O número de notificações de ATG foi à agricultura (348), seguido do comércio (245), outras indústrias de transformação (233), pecuária (209) e construção com 166 registros. No estudo transversal, os setores produtivos de maior risco para acidentes graves em relação ao gênero, foram a agricultura (RP = 1,14; IC 95% 1,10 - 1,16), seguido pela construção (RP = 1,11; IC 95% 1,08 - 1,14), para o sexo masculino. Quanto à faixa etária houve 3,43 vezes mais acidentes de trabalho graves entre os de menor faixa etária, quando 7 comparados aos demais, entretanto, no setor agrícola (RP = 0,28; IC 95% 0,11 – 0,69) e na pecuária (RP = 0,29; IC 95% 0,09 – 0,92) este risco foi inverso, onde em ambos os casos houve uma prevalência maior de acidentes de trabalho graves em pessoas > 18 anos. Em relação a escolaridade, a maior incidência de trabalhadores analfabetos foi no setor da agricultura (RP = 1,80; IC 95% 0,98 - 3,30) e p valor <0,05. Conclusão: A pecuária e agricultura fazem parte do setor produtivo primário e a indústria da madeira e outras indústrias de transformação localizam-se no setor produtivo secundário, onde houve uma alta prevalência de acidentes de trabalho graves típicos, refletindo a precarização do trabalho num dos estados da Federação que mais cresce economicamente.
The social dimension of the labor process and its relationship to health and accidents and occupational diseases are dependent on the situation of precarious work and the lack of measures to protect health. The National System Health Notifications for injuries has advanced in terms of establishing direct links between the workplace and the problems related, in addition to the traditionally reported by the Communication of Accidents. Taking serious accident as an indicator of extreme fragility and social health of workers, the general objective of this study was to analyze serious accidents reported by productive sectors in the state of Mato Grosso in the period 2010-2012. Specific objectives were: Characterize productive sectors and the labor market, according to socioeconomic indicators; describe the serious occupational accidents by regional health; characterize serious occupational accidents for sociodemographic, occupational and type of productive sector characteristics. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study using information obtained from IBGE and RAIS and database SINAN. Results: The state of Mato Grosso had the highest growth rate of formal jobs in Brazil between 2011 and 2012 and recorded 35 fatalities for every 100 thousand workers, this being the worst average in the country for the past 21 years. It was observed that the productive sector related to agriculture was greater supply of jobs, reflecting the notification of serious accidents. The number of notifications of ATG was agriculture (348), followed by trade (245), other manufacturing industries (233), cattle (209) and construction with 166 records. In cross-sectional study, the productive sectors of higher risk for serious accidents in relation to gender, were agriculture (PR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.16), followed by construction (PR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.14) for males. As age group was 3.43 times more serious occupational accidents among younger children, when compared to the others, however, the agricultural sector (PR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) and livestock (PR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.92) 9 this risk was reversed, where in both cases there was a higher prevalence of severe accidents in persons> 18 years. Regarding education, the highest incidence was illiterate workers in agriculture (PR = 1.80, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.30) sector ep value <0.05. Conclusion: Ranching and farming are part of the primary production sector and the timber industry and other manufacturing industries are located in secondary production sector, where there was a high prevalence of severe accidents typical, reflecting the precariousness of work in the states Federation of the fastest growing economically.
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Roman, Michal. "Toxikologické aspekty chemických havárií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232926.
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The master's thesis focuses on the toxicological aspects of chemical accidents. The aim is to determine the main acute risk of dangerous toxic chemical substances that can be escape in chemical accidents and determine their impact on life and damage to the health of the population and characterize the factors affecting the spread of these dangerous chemicals. The practical part focuses on the toxicological aspects of selected industrial pollutants.
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Eppenberger, Marius. "Older construction workers : a study of related injuries, underlying causes and estimated costs /." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=td_cput.
Full textBooks on the topic "Health aspects of Aircraft accidents"
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Juel, Knud. Epidemiologiske aspekter ved Thulesagen: Dødelighed, hospitalsindlæggelser og fertilitet blandt arbejdere på Thulebasen efter nedstyrtning af et B-52 bombefly. København: DIKE, 1996.
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Kenville, Kimberly A. Helping airport and air carrier employees cope with traumatic events. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2009.
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Solomon, Kenneth A. Analysis of ground hazards due to aircrafts and missiles. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1988.
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Monetary limitations of liability in air law: Legal, economic and socio-political aspects. Montreal: De Daro Publishing, 1986.
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Bosch, Jean-Claude. The competitive impact of air crashes: Stock market evidence. Denver, Colo: CRESP, Center for Research on Economic and Social Policy, University of Colorado at Denver, 1996.
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Zimmerman, Paul. The truth about radiation accidents. Waterport, N.Y: World Life Institute, 1992.
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Nicholson, Marjorie. Travel in tolerance: A guide to smoker-friendly aircraft. London: Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco, 1993.
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Nakagawara, Van B. Natural sunlight and its association to aviation accidents: Frequency and prevention. Washington, D.C: Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aerospace Medicine, 2003.
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The airliner cabin environment: Air quality and safety. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1986.
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Silano, V. Evaluation of public health hazards associatied with chemical accidents. 2nd ed. Mexico, D.F., Mexico: Pan American Center for Human Ecology and Health, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Health aspects of Aircraft accidents"
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Duffy, John C. "The Aircraft Disaster." In Health and Medical Aspects of Disaster Preparedness, 175–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0589-7_15.
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Nazeri, Zohreh, Daniel Barbara, Kenneth De Jong, George Donohue, and Lance Sherry. "Contrast-Set Mining of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents." In Advances in Data Mining. Medical Applications, E-Commerce, Marketing, and Theoretical Aspects, 313–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70720-2_24.
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Côme, Etienne, Marie Cottrell, Michel Verleysen, and Jérôme Lacaille. "Aircraft Engine Health Monitoring Using Self-Organizing Maps." In Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects, 405–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14400-4_31.
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Bhowmik, Basuraj, Said Quqa, Markus G. R. Sause, Vikram Pakrashi, and Mohamad Ghazi Droubi. "Data Reduction Strategies." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 243–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_9.
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AbstractBased on the variety of methods available for gathering data for the aircraft health status, the challenge is to reduce the overall amount of data in a trackable and safe manner to ensure that the remaining data are characteristic of the current aircraft status. This chapter will cover available data reduction strategies for this task and discuss the data intensity of the SHM methods of Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_5 to 10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_8 and established approaches to deal with the acquired data. This includes aspects of algorithms and legal issues arising in this context.
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Leite Cavalcanti, Welchy, Elli Moutsompegka, Konstantinos Tserpes, Paweł H. Malinowski, Wiesław M. Ostachowicz, Romain Ecault, Neele Grundmann, et al. "Integrating Extended Non-destructive Testing in the Life Cycle Management of Bonded Products—Some Perspectives." In Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures, 331–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we outline some perspectives on embracing the datasets gathered using Extended Non-destructive Testing (ENDT) during manufacturing or repair process steps within the life cycle of bonded products. Ensuring that the ENDT data and metadata are FAIR, i.e. findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable, will support the relevant stakeholders in exploiting the contained material-related information far beyond a stop/go decision, while a shorter time-to-information will facilitate a prompter time-to-decision in process and product management. Exploiting the value of ENDT (meta)data will contribute to increased performance by integrating all defined, measured, analyzed and controlled aspects of material transformation across process and company boundaries. This will facilitate the optimization of manufacturing and repair operations, boosting their energy efficiency and productivity. In this regard, some aspects that are currently driving activities in the field of pre-process, in-process and post-process quality assessment will be addressed in the following. Furthermore, some requirements will be contemplated for harmonized and conjoint data transfer ranging from a bonded product’s beginning-of-life through its end-of-life, the customization of stand-alone or linked ENDT tools, and the implementation of sensor arrays and networks in joints, devices and structural parts to gather material-related data during a product’s middle-of-life application phase, thereby fostering structural health monitoring (SHM).
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Muktar, Muhammad, and Ezekiel Chinyio. "Studies on Current Health and Safety Practices and Their Impact on Accidents on Nigerian Construction Sites." In Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 8, 53–63. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aaer/v8/1366.
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Steinkraus, Lawrence, and Jan Stepanek. "Aerospace Medicine." In Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Public Health Board Review, 233–50. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199743018.003.0015.
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Aerospace medicine focuses on the clinical care, research, and operational support of the health, safety, and performance of crewmembers and passengers of air and space vehicles, together with the support personnel who assist operation of such vehicles. Understanding of the 5 basic gas laws aids understanding of aeromedically significant effects, specifically hypoxia, volume changes at higher altitudes, and decompression illness. Signs and symptoms of decompression illness may include pain in and around joints. More serious is the affliction of heart and lungs or neurologic problems. Physiologic stressors of commercial flight can include decreased partial pressure of oxygen, vibration, noise, humidity, expansion of trapped gases, and thermal stress. Aeromedical transportation of patients with more serious medical conditions requires appropriate equipment, staffing, and coordination of logistical issues. There are 15 specific conditions that disqualify aviators under FAA rules. The primary purpose of aircraft mishap investigations is to prevent future accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Accidents are investigated with multidisciplinary teams, including physicians, following standardized investigation guidelines.
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Lankester, Ted. "Setting up and improving a community health clinic." In Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings, edited by Ted Lankester and Nathan Grills, 205–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.003.0013.
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This chapter explores how to set up and develop community health clinics which not only treat illness but become a focus for health promotion and community involvement. It encourages programmes to use or strengthen existing primary health centres or health posts and to work in collaboration with the government. It discusses types of clinic, who might use the clinic, and clinic capacity and location. It works through practical aspects such as when the clinic should start, centre design, setting up clinic stations, and keeping and transferring records. It describes systems of payment, affordability, and the welcome and affirmation of those attending. It describes referral systems and preparing for serious illness and accidents. It mentions the value of mobile clinics as an integral part of a community-based system.
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Jha, Ajeya, Ajay Dheer, Vijay Kumar Mehta, and Saibal Kumar Saha. "Inter-Relational Dynamics of Various HR Aspects in High Altitude Illness Attrition." In Innovative Management and Business Practices in Asia, 114–32. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1566-2.ch006.
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The adverse health effects of high altitude are of considerable importance since they may seriously interfere with working efficiency of an organization that is actively involved with inescapable duties. The objective of the current study is to explore inter-relational dynamics of various HR aspects in HAIA. The HR aspects included are job delay, poor team, motivation, less leave, high working hours, poor decision making, personal stress, family stress, personal discomfort, uncertainty, poor relations, health, accidents, quality and performance. A decision-making trial and an evaluation laboratory have been used to explore the inter-relation dynamics of various factors of HR. The results indicate that personal stress has the highest impact priority which is followed by poor performance, poor team and motivation. Uncertainty, less leave, and high working hours has the least impact priority. It is also found that high working hours, less leave and poor health are the major causes whereas decrease in motivation and poor quality of work are the major results.
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Usman Tariq, Muhammad. "“Human Factors Quality Control” Air Traffic." In Air Traffic Management and Control [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99640.
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Every living person, from infants to older people, gets affected by internal and external factors. There are numerous researches and writings related to humans and these various factors. Human factors are recognized since the start of the human race. The awareness of the impacts of our environment is not new to humans. The focus in this chapter is upon those factors which can create an impact on aircraft mechanisms and air traffic controllers. These factors include human, psychological, work conditions, training, health conditions, environment, societal, and training. These factors must be quality controlled to minimize the errors in the critical domain of air traffic. A reduction in the number of errors will allow the performance to be higher and lowers the chances of fatal accidents.
Conference papers on the topic "Health aspects of Aircraft accidents"
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O'Donnell, K., S. Schober, M. Stolk, P. Marzocca, R. De Breuker, M. Abdalla, E. Nicolini, and Z. Gürdal. "Active aeroelastic control aspects of an aircraft wing by using synthetic jet actuators: modeling, simulations, experiments." In The 14th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Douglas K. Lindner. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.716775.
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Fiskalisa Purbayanti, Hesti, and Tri Martiana. "Analysis of Factors that Influence the Risk of Occupational Accidents in Terms of Behavioral Aspects (Study on Aircraft Paint Removal Workers in PT. X)." In 1st International Conference Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga : "Implementation of Climate Change Agreement to Meet Sustainable Development Goals" (ICPSUAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpsuas-17.2018.40.
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Nordlund, Mats. "Towards a Theory Based Approach to Product Safety." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51732.
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Accidents in industry, medical clinics, and transportation lead to loss of lives and property. The costs for such accidents are very high to society, industry and individuals. Recent examples of high profile accidents include the Fukushima disaster and several aircraft accidents. Accidents in hospitals cost as much as $29 Billion per year (WHO estimate) in additional hospitalization, disability, lost income, medical expenses and litigation. Looking at different industries, safety levels are very different. For example, there is a one in a million chance of getting harmed while in an aircraft. In comparison, there is a one in 300 chance of a patient being harmed during health care. Current best practices to increase product safety uses methods which were developed during the period between World War II and 1970. They are essentially based on heuristics around designing and operating systems that were a lot less integrated and complex than current systems, and contained a lot more human participation in the system. A few science-based approaches have began to emerge in recent years. This paper presents the hypothesis that in addition to the benefits proven in traditional design practice, the design axioms can form a scientific basis for an effective method to analyze designs from a product safety perspective. The main cause of the 2005 Buncefield overfill accident in the UK is analyzed using an axiomatic approach to safety. Using the rigor of axiomatic design, it is possible to identify the shortcomings in the design that caused the accident. The same approach is then applied to an alternative solution. The result of this analysis is that the new design should be much more reliable than the previous. In the conclusion, it is shown that it is possible to develop a science base for product safety based on Axiomatic Design. It is shown that such a science based approach enables design practitioners to approach unfamiliar safety related situations in a systematic way to identify risks and propose alternative designs with a lower risk level.
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Barboza, Tania S., Carlos Alberto Borges, and Aluisio S. Xavier Neto. "Participative Risk Management in the Construction of Onshore Pipelines." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-139.
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Accidents related to production, processing, storage and transportation of oil and its by-products have been studied extensively because of their social and environmental impacts. However, accidents relating to construction of oil facilities have been largely ignored by researches, perhaps because such accidents involve a smaller group of people and result in smaller-scale environmental impacts. Pipeline construction projects are particularly unique. As opposed to construction of processing plants, pipeline construction covers a very long reach, often involving varying site conditions. Consequently, there are more environmental issues, many of which vary from place to place along the pipeline route as a result of the differing soil, drainage, vegetation and exposure conditions. The variable conditions, exposure and consequences of accidents along a pipeline route result in many challenges related to risk management. Specifically, risk management is difficult as a result of transportation along the pipeline corridor, multiple access routes to the pipeline corridor, unique culture and social issues in various parts of the country, and remote working conditions. Major issues are moving work sites; crossing of different areas of the country with several typical cultural and regional aspects; multiple work sites and the isolation of workers in small groups. These factors make risk management particularly important, but easy to ignore. In this paper we discuss the major potential risks in every phase of the pipeline construction. The paper describes the company’s process for managing risk during pipeline construction. It identified the limitations of traditional safety management systems in coping with the critical problems related to environmental and safety issues. Many company are using integrated management systems as the major tools to control risk. Such systems cover health, safety and environmental issues (HSE). PETROBARS, as the largest Brazilian oil company and one of the leading oil companies in the world, has adopted the HSE system. The system focuses on employee participation in implementation of the HSE system.
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Lo Frano, Rosa, and Giuseppe Forasassi. "Dynamic Response of a Nuclear Power Plant Subjected to External Accident Event." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29896.
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In recent times there is a renewed worldwide interest in the development and application of advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs). Decisions on the construction of several NPPs with evolutionary light water reactors have been made (e.g. EPR in Finland and France, AP1000 in China, etc.) and more are under consideration for licensing in several countries. Innovative NPPs are designed to be built with very broad siting conditions; therefore the safety aspects related to the external events might follow new scenarios and failure modes, different from those well known for the currently operated reactors. In this paper, the intent is evaluating the structural integrity of a nuclear containment system subjected to dynamic loadings due to a Design Base Earthquake and an aircraft impact (large size civilian jets or military aircrafts impact), which represent the two most relevant external accidents that should be considered and investigated as part of the basic design of a NPP in particular a III+ and IV Gens. In fact a suitable safety design of the NPP containment system (according to the international safety and design code guidelines, as NRC or IAEA ones), even if designed to meet other design goal, may represent a “built-in protection” to avoid or mitigate the effects of mentioned dynamic loadings. To the purpose a rather sophisticated numerical methodology, adopting finite element (FEM) approach, is employed for studying the overall dynamic behaviour of nuclear reactor and to determine the structural effects of the propagation of dynamic seismic as well as impulsive loads (containment structure response) up to the relevant nuclear components. Therefore representative three-dimensional FEM models of mentioned NPP containment and aircraft structures were set up, and used, in the performed analyses taking also into account the suitable materials behaviour and their related constitutive laws as well as the seismic excitation (determined according to the NRC rules). Moreover the performed analyses and the carried out response analyses of internal components, to both the ground motion and impact loads, were studied to check the considered NPP containment strength reserve in the case of the considered events. The obtained results seem to confirm the possibility to achieve an optimization of the NPP internal components.
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Sankar, Balaji, Thennavarajan Subramanian, Brijeshkumar Shah, Vijayendranath Vanam, Soumendu Jana, Srinivisan Ramamurthy, Radhakant Satpathy, Benudhar Sahoo, and Satish Yadav. "Aero-Thermodynamic Modelling and Gas Path Simulation for a Twin Spool Turbo Jet Engine." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3643.
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The user community of civil and military aircraft powered by gas turbine engines has a significant interest on simulation models for design, development and maintenance activities. These play a crucial role in understanding the aircraft mission performance. The simulation models can be used to understand the behavior of gas turbine engine running at various operating conditions, which are used for studying the aircraft performance and also vital for engine diagnostics. Other significant advantage of simulation model is that it can generate required data at intermediate stages in gas turbine engine, which sometimes cannot be obtained by measurement. Thus engine simulation model / virtual engine building is one of the important aspects towards development of Engine Health Management (EHM) system. This paper describes in detail the engine simulation model development for a typical twin spool turbo jet engine using commercially available Gas turbine Simulation Program (GSP). The engine simulation model has been used for typical aero-engine to get aero-thermodynamic gas path performance analysis related to engine run at Design point, Off Design points and the engine Acceleration-Deceleration Cycles (ADC). Simulations at different operating conditions have been carried out using scaled up characteristic maps of engine components. Design point data as well as engine gas path data obtained from test bed has been used to develop scaled up characteristic maps of the engine components. The simulation results have been compared with various test bed data sets for the purpose of validation. Predicted results of engine parameters like engine mass flow rate and thrust are in good agreement with the test bed data. This validated model can be used to simulate faulty engine components and to develop the fault identification modules and subsequently an EHM system.
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Booth, Peter, and Vicky Gaskin. "Can Sustainability Be Applied to Our Remediation Challenges?" In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59148.
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There are many environmental remediation challenges around the world today with a radiological connotation. These in turn relate to all aspects of the nuclear industry life cycle as well as the NORM industries and consequences of accidents/incidents. In reality, apart from one or two major exceptions in a few counties who have extensive budgets allocated to environmental remediation, we do not generally see a lot of real progress in the protection of human health and the environment from legacy issues. It is important therefore to determine why this is the case and if there is anything that can be undertaken to improve the situation. There are a number of reasons potentially leading to this lack of progress, namely: • A lack of available funding; • The diversion of funds to other issues deemed to be a greater priority; • No practical experience in resolving such problems; • Lack of established regulatory and/or procedural infrastructure. More often than not when environmental remediation challenges exist, the decision makers only tend to look for final solutions. If such final solutions can’t be achieved, often because of funding restrictions, then little or no progress is generally made. However, there is the potential through the phasing of environmental remediation work to find some early winners and to start to reduce the risk and detriment to human health and the environment, even if the improvement seen is in the short term initially. When further funding becomes available or technology improves then the longer term solutions could be implemented. It is important to ensure that any interim solutions are implemented in a manner such that further options or final solutions are not jeopardised. In reality therefore it should be possible to introduce greater sustainability into how we approach environmental remediation, rather than admit defeat at the outset. There are many different definitions for the term sustainability but a useful one can be referenced from the US Sustainable Remediation Forum (SURF): • “Sustainable remediation is broadly defined as a remedy or combination of remedies whose net benefit on human health and the environment is maximised through the judicious use of limited resources.” Industry in general and the nuclear related industries in particular gain very little support and engender distrust so demonstrating some progress in environmental remediation can only be beneficial. We cannot keep leaving legacy issues to get worse. The whole sustainability argument is therefore inextricably linked into the decision making process and additionally often the success of stakeholder engagement. Importantly, on the other hand progress should not be achieved merely for the sake of it, there needs to be a demonstration of overall net benefit. This paper will aim to demonstrate how the application of sustainable decisions and approaches can facilitate improved environmental remediation in those regions where in general the legacy issues remain unsolved. Such sustainable solutions can help deliver both short and long term net benefit to any particular environmental remediation problem.
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Watson, Matt, Jeremy Sheldon, Sanket Amin, Hyungdae Lee, Carl Byington, and Michael Begin. "A Comprehensive High Frequency Vibration Monitoring System for Incipient Fault Detection and Isolation of Gears, Bearings and Shafts/Couplings in Turbine Engines and Accessories." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27660.
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The authors have developed a comprehensive, high frequency (1–100 kHz) vibration monitoring system for incipient fault detection of critical rotating components within engines, drive trains, and generators. The high frequency system collects and analyzes vibration data to estimate the current condition of rotary components; detects and isolates anomalous behavior to a particular bearing, gear, shaft or coupling; and assesses the severity of the fault in the isolated faulty component. The system uses either single/multiple accelerometers, mounted on externally accessible locations, or non-contact vibration monitoring sensors to collect data. While there are published instances of vibration monitoring algorithms for bearing or gear fault detection, there are no comprehensive techniques that provide incipient fault detection and isolation in complex machinery with multiple rotary and drive train components. The author’s techniques provide an algorithm-driven system that fulfills this need. The concept at the core of high frequency vibration monitoring for incipient fault detection is the ability of high frequency regions of the signal to transmit information related to component failures during the fault inception stage. Unlike high frequency regions, the lower frequency regions of vibration data have a high machinery noise floor that often masks the incipient fault signature. The low frequency signal reacts to the fault only when fault levels are high enough for the signal to rise over the machinery noise floor. The developed vibration monitoring system therefore utilizes high frequency vibration data to provide a quantitative assessment of the current health of each component. The system sequentially ascertains sensor validity, extracts multiple statistical, time, and frequency domain features from broadband data, fuses these features, and acts upon this information to isolate faults in a particular gear, bearing, or shaft. The techniques are based on concepts like mechanical transmissibility of structures and sensors, statistical signal processing, demodulation, time synchronous averaging, artificial intelligence, failure modes, and faulty vs. healthy vibration behavior for rotating components. The system exploits common aspects of vibration monitoring algorithms, as applicable to all of the monitored components, to reduce algorithm complexity and computational cost. To isolate anomalous behavior to a particular gear, bearing, shaft, or coupling, the system uses design information and knowledge of the degradation process in these components. This system can function with Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) data acquisition and processing systems or can be adapted to aircraft on-board hardware. The authors have successfully tested this system on a wide variety of test stands and aircraft engine test cells through seeded fault and fault progression tests, as described herein. Verification and Validation (V&V) of the algorithms is also addressed.
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Pettitt, Glenn, and Shana Westfall. "The Advantages of Integrating Major Hazard Safety and Impact Assessments for Pipeline Projects." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64370.
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During many years of working on oil and gas pipeline projects, the authors have experienced many occasions where safety and environmental professionals on the same project have conducted assessments without using an integrated approach, often to the detriment of the project. This ‘siloed’ behaviour is evident in the way that safety and environmental teams are often assembled at different times and have little to no interaction. An Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) is used as a key mechanism to identify potential adverse consequences from a pipeline project in terms of unwanted impacts to fauna and flora and local communities. Simultaneously, major hazard studies are carried out for a pipeline project to identify major accident hazards risks to adjacent communities or at above ground installations (AGIs), usually from flammable events due to the transport of natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products. Both the ESHIA and the major accident hazards processes will identify appropriate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the risk from the pipeline system and to manage the potential adverse consequences in the unlikely event of a major accident. Within the scope of many ESHIAs prepared now, there is an assessment of environmental and social impacts from ‘unplanned events’, which essentially are those major hazard events with the potential to cause multiple injuries or fatalities to people in the local community or at AGIs. As such events are likely to have a major consequence to the environment, particularly in the case of crude oil and petroleum products releases, it makes sense for such events to be studied by both safety and environmental professionals using an integrated approach. Such an integrated approach requires collaboration between various professionals from an early point within a project, as there are several different aspects with a pipeline project that will require the assessment of key personnel. For a pipeline project in the design stages, the main points for consideration are as follows: • Construction of the pipeline system, with major disruptions to the local environment from the construction itself (line pipe and AGIs) and due to the logistical requirements (traffic movements, movements of personnel and construction camps, moving major equipment across the world). • Operation of the pipeline system, with potential adverse impacts due to a loss of containment, as has been shown by many accidents in the past (e.g. Ref 1, 2). The key issue here is that the initiating events often remain the same, certainly with regard to operations where the initiating event will be a loss of containment. There may be adverse consequences to people, the biological environment and the physical environment, depending on the location and nature of the incident. For this reason joint participation in the hazard identification (HAZID) process by key safety, social and environmental professionals is considered beneficial to a pipeline project to ensure all potential initiators are included. In this case, the HAZID process would also include an environmental impact identification (ENVID), rather than conducting both processes separately. A major advantage of conducting an integrated approach is the potential cost-savings. By bringing together technical safety and environmental professionals at an early stage of pipeline project design, there is the potential to avoid ‘doubling-up’ on potential issues, as well as conducting two parallel processes that have many similarities. Perhaps more significantly, many potential adverse consequences (environmental, social and safety) can be prevented, controlled or mitigated through their early consideration during project design. Hence, by bringing together these different technical view-points at an early stage of pipeline system design, potential risk reduction options that would be beneficial to people and the environment may be identified. If ESHIA considerations and major accident hazard studies are evaluated in parallel during the early stages of a project (e.g. Appraise or Select), a pipeline project will have more available options to prevent potential impacts. As prevention of hazards is generally more cost-effective than designing in control and mitigation measures (for recovery of an incident), this will have a critical financial benefit. Furthermore, early changes to project design are generally far less costly than changes in the latter stages of a pipeline project; hence, early identification of prevention and risk reduction may be hugely beneficial.